Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.15
G. A. Kandhro, Karachi Duet
Highly contaminated municipal wastewater is being disposed of into land and rivers without any prior treatment has severe side effects on human and marine animals. This research focused on the treatment of Majeed Keerio village municipal wastewater through horizontal flow constructed wetland system. The experimental study was evaluated and monitored timely over a year. The overall treatment efficiency performance of the wetland system was determined by considering organic pollutants removal efficiency. This study emphasized on the design of horizontal flow constructed wetland for the effective treatment of municipal wastewater of village Majeed Keerio, Sakrand, Sindh. The constructed wetland efficiently reduced COD, BOD5, TSS, turbidity, total phosphate, total nitrogen pollutants of wastewater, which was about 92.3%, 93%, 96%, 96.4% and 74%, respectively. This method reduced all thermotolerant coliforms. Constructed wetland system was found most economical and effective for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The effect of different hydraulic loading rates under varying hydraulic retention times within the constructed wetland was examined. The higher hydraulic retention times resulted in improved pollutants removal efficiency.
{"title":"Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Through Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland","authors":"G. A. Kandhro, Karachi Duet","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.15","url":null,"abstract":"Highly contaminated municipal wastewater is being disposed of into land and rivers without any prior treatment has severe side effects on human and marine animals. This research focused on the treatment of Majeed Keerio village municipal wastewater through horizontal flow constructed wetland system. The experimental study was evaluated and monitored timely over a year. The overall treatment efficiency performance of the wetland system was determined by considering organic pollutants removal efficiency. This study emphasized on the design of horizontal flow constructed wetland for the effective treatment of municipal wastewater of village Majeed Keerio, Sakrand, Sindh. The constructed wetland efficiently reduced COD, BOD5, TSS, turbidity, total phosphate, total nitrogen pollutants of wastewater, which was about 92.3%, 93%, 96%, 96.4% and 74%, respectively. This method reduced all thermotolerant coliforms. Constructed wetland system was found most economical and effective for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The effect of different hydraulic loading rates under varying hydraulic retention times within the constructed wetland was examined. The higher hydraulic retention times resulted in improved pollutants removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41513349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.21
N. Ekere, A. B. Agwogie, J. Ihedioha
Pentaclethra Macrophylla stem activated carbon (PMSAC) was utilized as biomass derived adsorbent for adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The activation was chemically carried out using ZnCl 2 solution. The Physicochemical analysis of PMSAC showed high fixed carbon and pore volume values. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray were used to characterize the PMSAC. Simultaneous batch adsorptions used to evaluate the optimal operational conditions for the adsorption showed initial metal ions concentration (5 mg/L), solution pH (6), contact time (90 min), adsorbent dose (3.0 g for Cd(II) and 4.0 g for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II), particle size (30 µm) and carbonization temperature (400 o C). The Langmuir isotherm model gave better fit for the adsorption process. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm indicates physical adsorption. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were studied.
采用大叶五草茎活性炭(PMSAC)作为生物质源吸附剂，对Pb(II)、Cd(II)、Cu(II)和Ni(II)进行吸附。采用氯化锌溶液进行化学活化。理化分析表明，PMSAC具有较高的固定碳和孔体积值。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散x射线对PMSAC进行了表征。同时间歇吸附考察最佳吸附条件为初始金属离子浓度(5 mg/L)、溶液pH(6)、接触时间(90 min)、吸附剂剂量(Cd(II) 3.0 g、Pb(II)、Cu(II)和Ni(II) 4.0 g、粒径(30µm)和炭化温度(400 o C)， Langmuir等温吸附模型较好地适应了吸附过程。Dubinin-Radushkevich等温线表示物理吸附。研究了反应的动力学和热力学参数。
{"title":"Removal of of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Pentaclethra Macrophylla Stem Activated Carbon","authors":"N. Ekere, A. B. Agwogie, J. Ihedioha","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.21","url":null,"abstract":"Pentaclethra Macrophylla stem activated carbon (PMSAC) was utilized as biomass derived adsorbent for adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The activation was chemically carried out using ZnCl 2 solution. The Physicochemical analysis of PMSAC showed high fixed carbon and pore volume values. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray were used to characterize the PMSAC. Simultaneous batch adsorptions used to evaluate the optimal operational conditions for the adsorption showed initial metal ions concentration (5 mg/L), solution pH (6), contact time (90 min), adsorbent dose (3.0 g for Cd(II) and 4.0 g for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II), particle size (30 µm) and carbonization temperature (400 o C). The Langmuir isotherm model gave better fit for the adsorption process. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm indicates physical adsorption. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were studied.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"3 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.18
Q. Sultana
Water decontamination from chromium (Cr) is of prime importance because of its carcinogenic nature. The sample of activated carbon was characterized by surface area analyzer, SEM/EDX, TGA, FTIR and PZC. This study was focused on adsorption of hexavalent chromium from the aqueous phase onto activated carbon. Both the temperature and pH had a positive effect on the chromate uptake by activated carbon. The chromate uptake at different pH values followed the trend: pH 2 > pH 3 > pH 5 > pH 7 > pH 8. The sorption maxima at pH 2 was explained on the basis of electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged chromate anions and positively charged surface of the activated carbon. Different models were tested to access the sorption maxima and to probe into the chromate adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that heat is needed to shift the hexavalent chromium from solution to the solid surface. It was concluded that the anion exchange sorption was involved in removing the chromate anion from the aqueous system into the surface of activated carbon.
{"title":"Anion Exchange Sorption of Chromate from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon","authors":"Q. Sultana","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.18","url":null,"abstract":"Water decontamination from chromium (Cr) is of prime importance because of its carcinogenic nature. The sample of activated carbon was characterized by surface area analyzer, SEM/EDX, TGA, FTIR and PZC. This study was focused on adsorption of hexavalent chromium from the aqueous phase onto activated carbon. Both the temperature and pH had a positive effect on the chromate uptake by activated carbon. The chromate uptake at different pH values followed the trend: pH 2 > pH 3 > pH 5 > pH 7 > pH 8. The sorption maxima at pH 2 was explained on the basis of electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged chromate anions and positively charged surface of the activated carbon. Different models were tested to access the sorption maxima and to probe into the chromate adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that heat is needed to shift the hexavalent chromium from solution to the solid surface. It was concluded that the anion exchange sorption was involved in removing the chromate anion from the aqueous system into the surface of activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45920223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.19
J. Shafi, Z. Mirza, N. Kosour, M. Zafarullah
This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of untreated urban and industrial effluents on water quality of river Ravi. Water samples were collected from 11 polluted and relatively unpolluted sites at river Ravi during low flow season and analyzed for heavy metals content and physico-chemical parameters. Dissolved oxygen fell below the recommended limit for propagation of fish and other aquatic life as the river flows through Lahore up to Balloki Headworks. Manganese and lead contents were higher than permissible limits for aquatic ecosystems at several polluted sites of the river. Highest concentration of nickel, zinc, manganese, cadmium and lead detected in river water was 20.0 µg/L, 70.0 µg/L, 190.0 µg/L, 2.0 µg/L and 72.0 µg/L respectively. Findings revealed that river water at downstream sites of wastewater carrying drains was not suitable to support fish and other aquatic life due to its very low dissolved oxygen level.
{"title":"Assessment of Water Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of River Ravi in Pakistan","authors":"J. Shafi, Z. Mirza, N. Kosour, M. Zafarullah","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of untreated urban and industrial effluents on water quality of river Ravi. Water samples were collected from 11 polluted and relatively unpolluted sites at river Ravi during low flow season and analyzed for heavy metals content and physico-chemical parameters. Dissolved oxygen fell below the recommended limit for propagation of fish and other aquatic life as the river flows through Lahore up to Balloki Headworks. Manganese and lead contents were higher than permissible limits for aquatic ecosystems at several polluted sites of the river. Highest concentration of nickel, zinc, manganese, cadmium and lead detected in river water was 20.0 µg/L, 70.0 µg/L, 190.0 µg/L, 2.0 µg/L and 72.0 µg/L respectively. Findings revealed that river water at downstream sites of wastewater carrying drains was not suitable to support fish and other aquatic life due to its very low dissolved oxygen level.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.20
M. Irshad
We report here the synthesis of a series of N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide and its N -substituted derivatives with benzyl chloride and ethyl iodide. Initially, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonyl chloride (1) was subjected to react with various aryl amines (2a-e) to afford parent compounds N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (3a-e). At second step, these parent compounds were reacted with benzyl chloride (4) and ethyl iodide (5) as to synthesize N -benzyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (6a-e) and N -ethyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (7a-e) in the presence of lithium hydride and N , Nꞌ -dimethylformamide respectively. FT-IR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) techniques were used to investigate the structures of these synthesized compounds. A fingerprinted study was conducted against some enzymes like butyrylcholin-esterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX). This study revealed that most of them demonstrated a moderate activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) however promisingly a good activity against lipoxygenase enzyme was observed. Finally, an antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of these sulfonamides were probed which confirmed that the parent sulfonamides 3b have the proficient antimicrobial activities, while the derivatives 6a, 7a, 7b and 7c explored a good activity against the selected panel of bacterial and fungal species. All the compounds were further computationally docked against (LOX), (BChE) and (AChE) enzymes and these interaction highlighted the importance of sulfonamides in the inhibition of the target enzymes.
{"title":"Pharmacological Evaluation and Synthesis of New Sulfonamides Derivatives Based on 1,4-Benzodioxane","authors":"M. Irshad","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.20","url":null,"abstract":"We report here the synthesis of a series of N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide and its N -substituted derivatives with benzyl chloride and ethyl iodide. Initially, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonyl chloride (1) was subjected to react with various aryl amines (2a-e) to afford parent compounds N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (3a-e). At second step, these parent compounds were reacted with benzyl chloride (4) and ethyl iodide (5) as to synthesize N -benzyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (6a-e) and N -ethyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (7a-e) in the presence of lithium hydride and N , Nꞌ -dimethylformamide respectively. FT-IR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) techniques were used to investigate the structures of these synthesized compounds. A fingerprinted study was conducted against some enzymes like butyrylcholin-esterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX). This study revealed that most of them demonstrated a moderate activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) however promisingly a good activity against lipoxygenase enzyme was observed. Finally, an antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of these sulfonamides were probed which confirmed that the parent sulfonamides 3b have the proficient antimicrobial activities, while the derivatives 6a, 7a, 7b and 7c explored a good activity against the selected panel of bacterial and fungal species. All the compounds were further computationally docked against (LOX), (BChE) and (AChE) enzymes and these interaction highlighted the importance of sulfonamides in the inhibition of the target enzymes.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":"106 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41250951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.13
T. Khan
In view of the immense capability of plants this work is planned to employ seed extract as a source for the reduction of Cu ions in to Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs). For this purpose seed extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek seeds) was utilized as a substitute of classical methods. This green path for synthesizing Cu NPS is easy, natural, low cost, sustainable and eco-friendly as compared to conventional methods. In this experiment harmful chemical/physical methods for the production of Cu nanoparticles is replaced by using minimum concentration of seed extract. The stepwise characterization was done by using Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FTIR spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) which have given much valuable information about these materials. Antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles is observed at different concentration so their ZOI (Zone of inhibition) and MIC (minimum inhibitory Concentration) was also calculated against four human pathogenic strains.
{"title":"Synthesis of Cu Nanoparticles via Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed Extract for Antibacterial Response","authors":"T. Khan","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the immense capability of plants this work is planned to employ seed extract as a source for the reduction of Cu ions in to Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs). For this purpose seed extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek seeds) was utilized as a substitute of classical methods. This green path for synthesizing Cu NPS is easy, natural, low cost, sustainable and eco-friendly as compared to conventional methods. In this experiment harmful chemical/physical methods for the production of Cu nanoparticles is replaced by using minimum concentration of seed extract. The stepwise characterization was done by using Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FTIR spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) which have given much valuable information about these materials. Antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles is observed at different concentration so their ZOI (Zone of inhibition) and MIC (minimum inhibitory Concentration) was also calculated against four human pathogenic strains.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44733504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.02
L. A. Zardari, M. A. Kamboh, Hamid Rashidi Nodeh, A. Laghari, M. Y. Khuhawar, S. Khokhar
determination of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and putrescine (Put) using trifluoroacetylacetone (FAA) as derivatizing reagent from Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples prior to their gas chromatographic- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. GABA, Put, cadaverine (Cad) and tyramine (TY) as imitative of FAA extracted from the column HP-5 (30 m x 0.32 mm i.d) at temperature 110 oC for 1 min, tracked by heating rate 25 oC to 260 oC /min. The detection was carried out by FID with segregate ratio 10:1, v/v with whole run time 10 min. The proposed method showed linear calibration range between 2.5-50 µg/mL with low limit of detection 1.0 - 2.5 µg/mL analogous to 0.1 ng to 0.25 ng for selected Put, Cad, GABA, and TY. The method based on the pre-concentration was used for the determination of GABA and Put from CSF of human being and amounts found were 0.25- 0.56 µg/mL and 0.16 - 0.41 µg/mL with relative standard deviation (RSD) within 0.8 - 1.1 and 1.1 - 1.5 %, respectively. Many of aminoacids tested, separated completelyand did not variate the determinations of GABA and Put.
在气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)分析脑脊液(CSF)样品之前，用三氟乙酰丙酮(FAA)作为衍生试剂测定γ氨基丁酸(GABA)和腐胺(Put)。GABA, Put，尸胺(Cad)和酪胺(TY)作为FAA的模拟物，从HP-5柱(30 m x 0.32 mm i.d)中提取，温度为110℃，持续1分钟，加热速率为25℃至260℃/min。采用FID进行检测，分离比为10:1,v/v，整个运行时间为10 min。该方法的线性校准范围为2.5-50µg/mL，低检出限为1.0 - 2.5µg/mL，与所选Put, Cad, GABA，采用预浓缩法测定人脑脊液中GABA和Put的含量，分别为0.25 ~ 0.56µg/mL和0.16 ~ 0.41µg/mL，相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.8 ~ 1.1和1.1 ~ 1.5%。许多氨基酸的测试，完全分离，并没有改变测定的GABA和Put。
{"title":"Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination of Gamma Aminobutyric acid and Putrescine in Cerebrospinal Fluid using Trifluoroacetylacetone as Derivatizing Reagent","authors":"L. A. Zardari, M. A. Kamboh, Hamid Rashidi Nodeh, A. Laghari, M. Y. Khuhawar, S. Khokhar","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"determination of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and putrescine (Put) using trifluoroacetylacetone (FAA) as derivatizing reagent from Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples prior to their gas chromatographic- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. GABA, Put, cadaverine (Cad) and tyramine (TY) as imitative of FAA extracted from the column HP-5 (30 m x 0.32 mm i.d) at temperature 110 oC for 1 min, tracked by heating rate 25 oC to 260 oC /min. The detection was carried out by FID with segregate ratio 10:1, v/v with whole run time 10 min. The proposed method showed linear calibration range between 2.5-50 µg/mL with low limit of detection 1.0 - 2.5 µg/mL analogous to 0.1 ng to 0.25 ng for selected Put, Cad, GABA, and TY. The method based on the pre-concentration was used for the determination of GABA and Put from CSF of human being and amounts found were 0.25- 0.56 µg/mL and 0.16 - 0.41 µg/mL with relative standard deviation (RSD) within 0.8 - 1.1 and 1.1 - 1.5 %, respectively. Many of aminoacids tested, separated completelyand did not variate the determinations of GABA and Put.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42870786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.03
Jagjit Kour, Bindra Shrestha, K. N. Ghimire
The present work focuses on the adsorptive removal of mixtures of heavy-metal ions present in industrial effluents, using modified bio-sorbent prepared from Desmostachya bipinnata (MDB). The prepared biosorbent was characterized by SEM, DRFTIR, Elemental analyzer, XRD, Boem titration and point of zero charge, showing modificatios on the surface of the biosorbent. The adsorption behavior of two different metals, Pb (II) and Zn (II), indicated regular patterns of adsorption. Their adsorption behavior as binary mixtures was evaluated, which showed the interference of one metal ions with another, thereby reducing the adsorption capacities of both metal ions. Even though there is interference between two different metal ions, the modified biosorbent proved quite efficient in removing complex mixtures of heavy metal ions from industrial effulents
{"title":"Studies on the Adsorption of Pb (II) and Zn (II) as Binary Mixtures from Industrial Effluents","authors":"Jagjit Kour, Bindra Shrestha, K. N. Ghimire","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"The present work focuses on the adsorptive removal of mixtures of heavy-metal ions present in industrial effluents, using modified bio-sorbent prepared from Desmostachya bipinnata (MDB). The prepared biosorbent was characterized by SEM, DRFTIR, Elemental analyzer, XRD, Boem titration and point of zero charge, showing modificatios on the surface of the biosorbent. The adsorption behavior of two different metals, Pb (II) and Zn (II), indicated regular patterns of adsorption. Their adsorption behavior as binary mixtures was evaluated, which showed the interference of one metal ions with another, thereby reducing the adsorption capacities of both metal ions. Even though there is interference between two different metal ions, the modified biosorbent proved quite efficient in removing complex mixtures of heavy metal ions from industrial effulents","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41489581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.04
S. Latif, R. Rehman, M. Imran, S. Iqbal
Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate efficiency of lemon peels (Citrus limonum) for adsorption of Acid Red-87 dye from aqueous media. The effects of various parameters, i.e. particle size, pH, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration, temperature, contact time and agitation speed on biosorption efficiency were optimized. Isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich were employed to understand the mechanism of adsorption. The monolayer adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 0.6240 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies revealed exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption process, while kinetics guided pseudosecond order behaviour. All these factors indicated that Citrus limonum peels are potential adsorbent for the removal of Acid Red-87.
{"title":"Biosorptive Decontamination of Acid Red-87 Dye from Wastewater byCitrus limonum Peels:Ecofriendly Approach","authors":"S. Latif, R. Rehman, M. Imran, S. Iqbal","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate efficiency of lemon peels (Citrus limonum) for adsorption of Acid Red-87 dye from aqueous media. The effects of various parameters, i.e. particle size, pH, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration, temperature, contact time and agitation speed on biosorption efficiency were optimized. Isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich were employed to understand the mechanism of adsorption. The monolayer adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 0.6240 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies revealed exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption process, while kinetics guided pseudosecond order behaviour. All these factors indicated that Citrus limonum peels are potential adsorbent for the removal of Acid Red-87.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42621343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-27DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.05
U. Zafar, Muhammad Arif Bhatti, A. Akram
Adsorption for alumina-cobalt (II) ions solution system was investigated as a function of adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, pH of solution and initial concentration of adsorbate. The optimum conditions for removal of cobalt (II) ions were found as pH 7.5-8.5, adsorbent dose of solution 20 gl-1, equilibrium time 90 minutes and initial concentration range 5-50 mgl-1. Pseudo-second-order kinetics was observed for adsorption of cobalt while cobalt removal process does not seem to control the intra-particle diffusion. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubnin- Radushkevich isotherm models were applied to analyze the equilibrium isotherms for adsorption of cobalt (II) ions onto alumina. The experimental results indicated that equilibrium data follows the Langmuir model within used concentration range.
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