Philosophical Magazine Letters最新文献

英文中文

Effect of Cu content on hot-crack resistance of Al-Cu-Mg alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion Cu含量对激光粉末床熔炼Al-Cu-Mg合金抗热裂性能的影响

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.2024616

F. Belelli, R. Casati, M. Vedani

ABSTRACT The lack of high-strength Al alloys that can be processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) without formation of cracks is considered as one of the main issues for a wider diffusion of this technology in many fields. In this study, the effect of Cu content on the hot-crack resistance of Al-Cu-Mg alloys produced by LPBF was investigated. Powder batches with different compositions were produced by mixing pre-alloyed gas-atomised 2024 alloy powder with increasing amounts (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 wt.%) of Cu particles and then processed by LPBF. Thermodynamic simulation and microstructure investigations showed that the addition of Cu promotes the formation of abundant eutectic phase mixture, refines the grain structure and reduces the solidification temperature range, thus decreasing the solidification cracking susceptibility of the material. Samples produced with more than 10 wt.% of Cu featured relative density higher than 99.5% and no solidification cracks.

摘要缺乏能够通过激光粉末床聚变（LPBF）处理而不形成裂纹的高强度铝合金，被认为是该技术在许多领域更广泛推广的主要问题之一。研究了铜含量对LPBF生产的Al-Cu-Mg合金抗热裂性能的影响。通过将预合金化的气体雾化2024合金粉末与增加量（4、6、8、10和12wt.%）的Cu颗粒混合，然后通过LPBF处理，制备具有不同组成的粉末批次。热力学模拟和微观结构研究表明，Cu的加入促进了大量共晶相混合物的形成，细化了晶粒结构，降低了凝固温度范围，从而降低了材料的凝固开裂敏感性。用超过10wt.%的Cu生产的样品具有高于99.5%的相对密度并且没有凝固裂纹。

引用次数: 4

Abnormal precipitation behaviour of α″-martensite from α-phase under tension–torsion deformation 拉伸-扭转变形下α相α〃-马氏体的异常析出行为

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.2023773

Siqian Zhang, Liangzi Huo, Lijia Chen

ABSTRACT The tension–torsion properties and deformation microstructure of near β titanium alloy after various heat treatment have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples after aging treatment at 500°C for 8 h possesses obviously higher strength than those samples undergoing other different treatment on account of thin α” plates distributing uniformly in the β grains. Interestingly, precipitation of α″-martensite in α plates were observed for the first time under tension–torsion deformation. The abnormal precipitation behaviour was attributed mainly to the large tensile-shear stress.

摘要用透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了近β钛合金在不同热处理后的拉伸-扭转性能和变形组织。在500°C下时效处理8h后，由于薄的α”板均匀分布在β晶粒中，样品的强度明显高于其他不同处理的样品。有趣的是，在拉伸-扭转变形下，首次在α板中观察到α〃-马氏体的析出。异常的析出行为主要归因于较大的拉剪应力。

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 infected patients' experiences in Syria, and the role of the pharmacists during their infection. COVID-19 感染者在叙利亚的经历以及药剂师在其感染过程中的作用。

IF 2.4 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2022.1.2617

Razan I Nassar, Samar Thiab, Kinda T Alkoudsi, Iman A Basheti

Background: Patients infected with coronavirus have new experiences and hence new needs from the healthcare sector. Acknowledging patients' experiences can exhibit promising outcomes in coronavirus management. Pharmacists are considered a vital pillar in managing patients' experiences during their infection.

Objective: To assess the experience of individuals who have been infected with coronavirus and the roles played by pharmacists to meet their new needs.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was developed based on previous literature, validated, and conducted in Syria. The survey included items related to participants' COVID-19 experiences, and items concerning the roles played by pharmacists when participants were infected. Items were tested for face validity. Data collection was conducted in May and June 2021. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results: The study participants (n=576) had a mean age of 37.99 years. Fatigue was the most reported symptom by the participants. Vitamin C was the most used supplement (76.4%), and 66.5% of the participants used herbs during their infection. More than 60.0% of the participants stated that their anxiety and stress levels increased during their infection. Around 40.0% of the participants needed to visit a specialist doctor. Only 5.4% needed to use an artificial respiration apparatus. The mean of the participants' infection severity was 4.97 (SD=2.30) out of 10. The severity of the infection was significantly affected by being older, female, smoking, and having a chronic condition. Doctors followed by pharmacists were the healthcare providers who advised participants to take certain medications/herbs. More than one-third of the participants strongly agreed/agreed that the pharmacist played important and effective roles during their infection.

Conclusion: Patients' experiences indicated that fatigue was the most reported symptom by the participants diagnosed with coronavirus infection, while vitamin C was the most used supplement. Pharmacists have a major role in helping participants manage their infection and are considered a vital pillar in patients' experiences since they provided patients with the needed medications.

背景：感染冠状病毒的患者有新的经历，因此对医疗保健部门有新的需求。承认患者的经历可以在冠状病毒管理中显示出良好的效果。药剂师被认为是管理患者感染期间经历的重要支柱：评估冠状病毒感染者的经历以及药剂师在满足其新需求方面发挥的作用：这项描述性横断面调查是在以往文献的基础上开发、验证并在叙利亚进行的。调查包括与参与者 COVID-19 经历相关的项目，以及与参与者感染后药剂师所扮演角色相关的项目。调查项目经过了面效测试。数据收集工作于 2021 年 5 月和 6 月进行。数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）进行分析：研究参与者（n=576）的平均年龄为 37.99 岁。疲劳是参与者报告最多的症状。维生素 C 是最常用的补充剂（76.4%），66.5% 的参与者在感染期间使用草药。超过 60.0% 的参与者表示在感染期间他们的焦虑和压力水平有所上升。约 40.0%的参与者需要看专科医生。只有 5.4% 的人需要使用人工呼吸器。参与者感染严重程度的平均值为 4.97（SD=2.30）（满分 10 分）。感染严重程度受年龄、女性、吸烟和慢性病影响较大。医生和药剂师是建议参与者服用某些药物/草药的医疗服务提供者。超过三分之一的参与者非常同意/同意药剂师在他们感染期间发挥了重要而有效的作用：患者的经历表明，疲劳是被诊断为冠状病毒感染的参与者报告最多的症状，而维生素 C 是最常用的补充剂。药剂师在帮助参与者控制感染方面发挥了重要作用，并被视为患者经历中的重要支柱，因为他们为患者提供了所需的药物。

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引用次数: 0

Alignment and strengthening effect of β ′ precipitates in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr during ageing process studied by HAADF-STEM and GPA HAADF-STEM和GPA研究了Mg-Gd-Y-Zr中β′相在时效过程中的取向和强化作用

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.2017048

C. Zhu, J. Zheng, Xiaoqin Zeng, Bin Chen

ABSTRACT In the present study, the structural evolution of the precipitates in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy is investigated by means of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The linearly aligned morphology of phases connected by bridging phase in one of the three equivalent crystal directions of is formed from defect-free randomly distributed phases. Considering the significant strengthening effect of precipitates, a novel perspective of investigating the induced strain field measured by geometric phase analysis (GPA) is conducted. The reducing value of the strain field accounts for a slight decrease in hardness after peak-ageing. Merging and rearrangement of precipitates are found to release the strain field.

摘要本研究采用高角度环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜（HAADF-STEM）研究了Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金中析出相的结构演变。在的三个等效晶体方向之一上，通过桥接相连接的相的线性排列形态由无缺陷随机分布相形成。考虑到沉淀物的显著强化作用，对几何相分析（GPA）测量的诱导应变场进行了新的研究。应变场的降低值解释了峰值时效后硬度的轻微降低。发现沉淀物的合并和重排释放了应变场。

引用次数: 2

Degradation caused by self-multiplication of damage induced by an interplay between hydrogen and the martensite transformation in a Ni–Ti superelastic alloy Ni-Ti超弹性合金中由氢和马氏体相变相互作用引起的自增殖损伤引起的退化

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.2015080

N. Yamaguchi, K. Yokoyama

ABSTRACT The role of damage in the degradation of tensile properties related to a stress-induced martensite transformation in a hydrogen-charged Ni–Ti superelastic alloy has been investigated. By damage, we mean vacancy clusters and dislocation structures induced in advance by a dynamic interplay between hydrogen and the martensite transformation. To homogenise the hydrogen concentration, the specimen was aged at room temperature after charging with a small amount of hydrogen (approximately 30 mass ppm). In this case, no fracture occurs within 2000 cycles during a cyclic tensile deformation test in the stress plateau region generated by stress-induced martensite and reverse transformations. With this hydrogen concentration, cyclic interplay between hydrogen and the martensite transformation scarcely leads to the degradation of tensile properties. Nevertheless, following cyclic martensite transformations before aging that induces pre-damage, fracture occurs after around 1000 cycles under a cyclic tensile deformation test despite the hydrogen concentration being the same. The present results clearly indicate that pre-damage induced by hydrogen affects the subsequent transformations, thereby causing the self-multiplication of damage, which degrades the tensile properties.

摘要研究了在充氢Ni–Ti超弹性合金中，损伤在与应力诱导马氏体转变相关的拉伸性能退化中的作用。所谓损伤，我们指的是由氢和马氏体转变之间的动态相互作用预先诱导的空位团簇和位错结构。为了使氢浓度均匀化，在充入少量氢（约30质量ppm）后，将样品在室温下老化。在这种情况下，在由应力诱导的马氏体和反向转变产生的应力平台区域中的循环拉伸变形测试期间，在2000个循环内没有发生断裂。在这种氢浓度下，氢和马氏体转变之间的循环相互作用几乎不会导致拉伸性能的退化。然而，在老化前的循环马氏体转变导致预损伤之后，尽管氢浓度相同，但在循环拉伸变形试验下，在大约1000次循环后发生断裂。目前的结果清楚地表明，氢引起的预损伤会影响随后的转变，从而导致损伤的自倍增，从而降低拉伸性能。

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引用次数: 6

An angular dislocation in an anisotropic medium 各向异性介质中的角位错

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.2005266

R. Bonnet, S. Neily

ABSTRACT The elastic field of an angular dislocation determined by Yoffe ([The angular dislocation. Phil. Mag. 5(50) (1960), pp. 161–175]) using isotropic elasticity is a convenient tool for modelling defects in very different materials such as crystalline media or the Earth’s crust deformed by internal shifts. We show that the anisotropy of the medium can be introduced in two ways to solve the same problem, one using an integral formalism and the other the Green’s tensor attached to a homogeneous medium. β’ CuZn brass, which has a strong elastic anisotropy, is treated with the two methods, and the results are compared.

摘要Yoffe（[The angular disocation.Fil.Mag.5（50）（1960），pp.161–175]）使用各向同性弹性确定的角位错的弹性场是一种方便的工具，用于模拟晶体介质或因内部位移而变形的地壳等非常不同的材料中的缺陷。我们证明了介质的各向异性可以通过两种方法来解决同一问题，一种是使用积分形式，另一种是附加到均匀介质的格林张量。采用这两种方法对具有较强弹性各向异性的β’CuZn黄铜进行了处理，并对处理结果进行了比较。

引用次数: 0

Nanomechanical properties of a nickel-base single-crystal superalloy up to 700°C 高达700°C的镍基单晶高温合金的纳米力学性能

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.2004326

B. Wei, Longfei Zhang, Lan Huang, K. Zhou, Zaiwang Huang

ABSTRACT A strong temperature-dependent effect in the range from 25°C to 700°C in the nanomechanical behaviour has been found in a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy. The hardness of this alloy gradually increases from 25°C to 400°C and then rapidly decreases, in contrast to the peak tensile yield strength which occurs at around 700°C. The nanomechanical response is strongly dependent on the indentation load over a wide range of temperature, which is rationalised by its unique γ/γ’ dual-phase microstructure. The experimental measurements show that the hardness is position-sensitive owing to its unique solidified dendrite microstructure when the indentation marks span 640 μm.

在25°C至700°C的温度范围内，单晶镍基高温合金的纳米力学行为存在强烈的温度依赖效应。从25°C到400°C，该合金的硬度逐渐增加，然后迅速下降，与700°C左右的峰值拉伸屈服强度相反。在很宽的温度范围内，纳米力学响应强烈依赖于压痕载荷，这是由其独特的γ/γ '双相微观结构合理的。实验结果表明，当压痕跨越640 μm时，该材料具有独特的凝固枝晶组织，硬度具有位置敏感性。

引用次数: 0

Criteria for laves-phase formation in refractory high-entropy alloys 难熔高熵合金中laves相形成的准则

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.1998692

H. Yao, Dongxu Qiao, Junwei Miao, Jun Wang, E. Guo, Yiping Lu

ABSTRACT The refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have been the subject of considerable research in recent years. Since the Laves phase usually leads to a dramatic decrease in the malleability of RHEAs at ambient temperatures, it is critical to identifying the Laves-phase formation. Here, a facile and effective criterion is proposed to predict the phase stability based on the empirical parameters of reported RHEAs. The results indicate that the small atomic size difference is a sufficient condition for determining the stability of solid solution but not a necessary one. In general, the Laves-phase precipitates can be inhibited by decreasing the atomic-size difference, the enthalpy of mixing, and the valence electron concentration. These criteria can be easily adapted to design new RHEAs with the desired phase structure.

难熔高熵合金（RHEAs）是近年来研究的热点。由于Laves相通常会导致RHEA在环境温度下的延展性显著降低，因此识别Laves相的形成至关重要。在此，基于已报道的RHEA的经验参数，提出了一个简单有效的相稳定性预测准则。结果表明，小的原子尺寸差是确定固溶体稳定性的充分条件，但不是必要条件。通常，可以通过降低原子尺寸差、混合焓和价电子浓度来抑制Laves相沉淀。这些标准可以很容易地适用于设计具有所需相结构的新RHEA。

引用次数: 3

Correlation between bulk and precipitate composition in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中体积和沉淀成分的相关性

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.1998690

Y. Zou, Xiaodong Wu, Songbai Tang, Qianqian Zhu, Hui Song, M. Guo, Ling-fei Cao

ABSTRACT The composition of precipitates in peak-aged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with various Zn/Mg ratios has been investigated by atom probe tomography (APT). The results show that the η′ and the T′ phases have different compositions with a similar Zn/Mg ratio in the same alloy. The Zn/Mg ratio within precipitates was shown to be positively correlated with the Zn/Mg ratio in the alloy. Moreover, the size dependency of composition for ageing precipitates in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys has been determined. This study enriches the understanding of precipitate composition relative to that of the bulk in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.

摘要用原子探针层析成像（APT）研究了不同Zn/Mg比的峰值时效Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中沉淀物的组成。结果表明，在同一合金中，η′和T′相的组成不同，Zn/Mg比例相近。沉淀物中的Zn/Mg比率与合金中的Zn-Mg比率呈正相关。此外，还测定了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中时效析出物成分的尺寸依赖性。这一研究丰富了对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中沉淀成分相对于本体成分的理解。

引用次数: 5

Preparation and study of cerium lanthanum zirconate fibres 锆酸铈镧纤维的制备与研究

IF 1.2 4区材料科学 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2021.1984603

Jianing Wang, Chaohui Wang, Qingke Li, Guang‐Ming Li, Chunqi Wang, You Wang, Meiling Dong

ABSTRACT LZ7C3 fibres with nanostructures have been synthesised by the sol–gel method combined with electrostatic spinning technology and a high-temperature-resistant LZ7C3 ceramic material prepared by high-temperature calcination. The formation process of the ceramic fibre was studied and its properties characterized by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructure of the fibre was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the properties of the fibre were determined. The results showed that many conditions, such as calcination temperature and silica-sol content, have a pivotal influence on the crystal phase composition and morphology. By comparing the effects of these conditions, ceramic materials with exceptional properties have been prepared.

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合静电纺丝技术合成了具有纳米结构的LZ7C3纤维，并通过高温煅烧制备了耐高温LZ7C3陶瓷材料。研究了陶瓷纤维的形成过程，并用差热分析、x射线衍射和红外光谱对其性能进行了表征。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜对纤维的微观结构进行了分析，并对纤维的性能进行了测定。结果表明，煅烧温度和硅溶胶含量等条件对晶体相组成和形貌有重要影响。通过比较这些条件的影响，制备出了性能优异的陶瓷材料。

引用次数: 0

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