J. J. Mompó, Haritz Iribas, Javier Urricelqui, A. Loayssa
We demonstrate a technique to mitigate the residual second-order non-local effects in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors in which the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) profile is not uniform along the fiber. It is based on adding a wavelength modulation to the probe wave that makes it track the average BFS found along its way. Using this method we are able to inject a total probe wave power of 15 dBm in a 120-km sensing fiber link, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest probe power ever demonstrated in a long-range BOTDA sensing fiber link. The enhancement in the detected signal-to-noise ratio brought by the use of such power provides 2-MHz BFS measurement precision at the end of the 120-km sensing link with 3-m spatial resolution, all without the need to resort to additional means such as the use of coding or Raman gain.
{"title":"Second-order non-local effects mitigation in BOTDA sensors by tracking the BFS profile","authors":"J. J. Mompó, Haritz Iribas, Javier Urricelqui, A. Loayssa","doi":"10.1117/12.2265099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265099","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a technique to mitigate the residual second-order non-local effects in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors in which the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) profile is not uniform along the fiber. It is based on adding a wavelength modulation to the probe wave that makes it track the average BFS found along its way. Using this method we are able to inject a total probe wave power of 15 dBm in a 120-km sensing fiber link, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest probe power ever demonstrated in a long-range BOTDA sensing fiber link. The enhancement in the detected signal-to-noise ratio brought by the use of such power provides 2-MHz BFS measurement precision at the end of the 120-km sensing link with 3-m spatial resolution, all without the need to resort to additional means such as the use of coding or Raman gain.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114566877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Robles-Urquijo, M. Lomer, L. Rodríguez-Cobo, J. López-Higuera
In this work, two different speckle based techniques are employed to quantify the movement of a vibrating surface. Directly projecting a coherent laser to a rough surface and collecting its associated subjective speckle using a high-speed camera, different frequencies are detected successfully. For the same purpose, a speckle pattern created by launching a coherent laser within a multimode fiber is employed as structured light to detect changes into the projection surface. The achieved results suggest that subjective speckle is better to analyze small sized areas, even at relative high frequencies, while projected speckle can give information about wider areas.
{"title":"Non-contact vibration analysis using speckle-based techniques","authors":"I. Robles-Urquijo, M. Lomer, L. Rodríguez-Cobo, J. López-Higuera","doi":"10.1117/12.2265398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265398","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, two different speckle based techniques are employed to quantify the movement of a vibrating surface. Directly projecting a coherent laser to a rough surface and collecting its associated subjective speckle using a high-speed camera, different frequencies are detected successfully. For the same purpose, a speckle pattern created by launching a coherent laser within a multimode fiber is employed as structured light to detect changes into the projection surface. The achieved results suggest that subjective speckle is better to analyze small sized areas, even at relative high frequencies, while projected speckle can give information about wider areas.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129775539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A temperature measurement of a high voltage bushing (HV-Bushing) is presented. An optical fiber with several inscribed Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) was used to measure the temperature at given positions and a Rayleigh-based measurement technique was used to measure the temperature (profile) between the FBGs. The used optical frequencies for the FBG and Rayleigh measurement had to be separated to achieve good results. Voltages of up to 1 MV were applied to the HV-Bushing during the measurement.
{"title":"Rayleigh-based distributed temperature sensing and Fiber Bragg Grating point temperature sensing with a single optical fiber on high electrical potential of 1 MV","authors":"T. Ringel, M. Willsch, T. Bosselmann","doi":"10.1117/12.2263288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263288","url":null,"abstract":"A temperature measurement of a high voltage bushing (HV-Bushing) is presented. An optical fiber with several inscribed Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) was used to measure the temperature at given positions and a Rayleigh-based measurement technique was used to measure the temperature (profile) between the FBGs. The used optical frequencies for the FBG and Rayleigh measurement had to be separated to achieve good results. Voltages of up to 1 MV were applied to the HV-Bushing during the measurement.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128579924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have developed a chip-scale optofluidic sensor for biomolecular detection, by tapering laterally aligned silica microfiber and capillary to form a modal interferometer. With the pre-immobilization of DNA probes, the sensor is capable of selectively detecting single-stranded microRNA-let7a (molecular weight: 6.5 k) by measuring the spectral shift of the interferometric spectrum. A log-linear response from 2 nM to 20 μΜ and a minimum detectable concentration of 212 pM (1.43 ng/mL) have been achieved. The sensor is promising for future diagnosis applications due to its high sensitivity, resistance to environmental perturbations, improved portability, and intrinsic connection to fiber optic measurement.
{"title":"Biomolecular detection with an interferometric microfiber-capillary optofluidic sensor","authors":"Lili Liang, Long Jin, B. Guan","doi":"10.1117/12.2264772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264772","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a chip-scale optofluidic sensor for biomolecular detection, by tapering laterally aligned silica microfiber and capillary to form a modal interferometer. With the pre-immobilization of DNA probes, the sensor is capable of selectively detecting single-stranded microRNA-let7a (molecular weight: 6.5 k) by measuring the spectral shift of the interferometric spectrum. A log-linear response from 2 nM to 20 μΜ and a minimum detectable concentration of 212 pM (1.43 ng/mL) have been achieved. The sensor is promising for future diagnosis applications due to its high sensitivity, resistance to environmental perturbations, improved portability, and intrinsic connection to fiber optic measurement.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129044287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaokang Qiu, Fei Liu, Bin Xie, Hongpu Zhou, Duo Yi, Xiangge He, Xiaoping Zheng, M. Zhang
In this paper, we propose a new type of push-pull structure fiber optic accelerometer based on 3×3 coupler for the first time and carried out measurements of its responsivity and cross-axis sensitivity. With specific algorithm, the phase signal of the sensor can be extracted without complicated modulation and demodulation. Experiments show that the responsivity of the accelerometer is larger than 40dB (0dB ref 1rad/g) within the frequency band from 10Hz to 800Hz, which agrees well with the theoretical analysis. In addition, the cross-axis sensitivity can be optimized as low as about −30dB due to the push-pull structure. The results reported here indicate that this type of fiber optic accelerometer can be applied in vibration sensing such as micro seismic monitoring.
{"title":"A new fiber optic accelerometer with push-pull structure using 3×3 coupler","authors":"Xiaokang Qiu, Fei Liu, Bin Xie, Hongpu Zhou, Duo Yi, Xiangge He, Xiaoping Zheng, M. Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2267495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2267495","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new type of push-pull structure fiber optic accelerometer based on 3×3 coupler for the first time and carried out measurements of its responsivity and cross-axis sensitivity. With specific algorithm, the phase signal of the sensor can be extracted without complicated modulation and demodulation. Experiments show that the responsivity of the accelerometer is larger than 40dB (0dB ref 1rad/g) within the frequency band from 10Hz to 800Hz, which agrees well with the theoretical analysis. In addition, the cross-axis sensitivity can be optimized as low as about −30dB due to the push-pull structure. The results reported here indicate that this type of fiber optic accelerometer can be applied in vibration sensing such as micro seismic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129047509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Catalane, R. Laiso, R. Bernini, L. Zeni, A. Minardo
Brillouin scattering properties of a bend-insensitive fiber were experimentally investigated at 850 nm and 1550 nm wavelength using Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA). A diversity scheme has been adopted, in which the BFS distribution along the same fiber is acquired at the two operating wavelengths. Based on the different wavelength scaling factor of temperature and strain coefficients, simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature at 1-m spatial resolution has been obtained in a proof-of-concept experiment.
{"title":"Simultaneous strain and temperature measurements using dual-wavelength BOTDA","authors":"E. Catalane, R. Laiso, R. Bernini, L. Zeni, A. Minardo","doi":"10.1117/12.2265121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265121","url":null,"abstract":"Brillouin scattering properties of a bend-insensitive fiber were experimentally investigated at 850 nm and 1550 nm wavelength using Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA). A diversity scheme has been adopted, in which the BFS distribution along the same fiber is acquired at the two operating wavelengths. Based on the different wavelength scaling factor of temperature and strain coefficients, simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature at 1-m spatial resolution has been obtained in a proof-of-concept experiment.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129462315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ba, Dengwang Zhou, Benzhang Wang, Mingjing Yin, Yongkang Dong, Zhiwei Lu, Z. Fan
A dynamic distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor based on dual-modulation is proposed, in which the scanning of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is implemented by the combination of a single-frequency modulation and a frequency-agility modulation. The frequency of the single-frequency modulation is slightly lower than the Brillouin frequency shift of the fiber (∼10.8 GHz for silica fibers), while the tuning range of the frequency-agility modulation is required to cover only several-hundred MHz for the scanning of the BGS, which can significantly reduce the bandwidth requirement for the arbitrary waveform generator and ultimately reduce the cost of dynamic Brillouin sensors. With a 30-m fiber, an 11.8-Hz strain is measured with a spatial resolution of 1 m and a sampling rate of 200 Hz.
{"title":"Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing for dynamic strain with frequency-agility based on dual-modulation","authors":"D. Ba, Dengwang Zhou, Benzhang Wang, Mingjing Yin, Yongkang Dong, Zhiwei Lu, Z. Fan","doi":"10.1117/12.2262209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262209","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor based on dual-modulation is proposed, in which the scanning of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is implemented by the combination of a single-frequency modulation and a frequency-agility modulation. The frequency of the single-frequency modulation is slightly lower than the Brillouin frequency shift of the fiber (∼10.8 GHz for silica fibers), while the tuning range of the frequency-agility modulation is required to cover only several-hundred MHz for the scanning of the BGS, which can significantly reduce the bandwidth requirement for the arbitrary waveform generator and ultimately reduce the cost of dynamic Brillouin sensors. With a 30-m fiber, an 11.8-Hz strain is measured with a spatial resolution of 1 m and a sampling rate of 200 Hz.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129831460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work shows preliminary results of the detection of Glyphosate in water by using optical fiber spectroscopy. A colloid with citrate-caped silver nanoparticles was employed as substrate for the measurements. A cross analysis between optical absorption and inelastic scattering evidenced a controlled aggregation of the sample constituents, leading to the possibility of quantitative detection of the analyte. The estimate limit of detection for Glyphosate in water for the proposed sensing scheme was about 1.7 mg/L.
{"title":"Optical detection of Glyphosate in water","authors":"R. E. de Góes, G. Possetti, M. Muller, J. Fabris","doi":"10.1117/12.2264122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264122","url":null,"abstract":"This work shows preliminary results of the detection of Glyphosate in water by using optical fiber spectroscopy. A colloid with citrate-caped silver nanoparticles was employed as substrate for the measurements. A cross analysis between optical absorption and inelastic scattering evidenced a controlled aggregation of the sample constituents, leading to the possibility of quantitative detection of the analyte. The estimate limit of detection for Glyphosate in water for the proposed sensing scheme was about 1.7 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130402731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Hayashi, Y. Mizuno, Kentaro Nakamura, S. Set, S. Yamashita
We report an experimental study on the spectral dependence of depolarized guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) in a silica single-mode fiber (SMF) on acoustic impedance of external materials. The GAWBS spectrum was measured when the acoustic impedance was changed from 1.51 to 2.00 kg/smm2. With increasing acoustic impedance, the linewidth increased; the dependence was almost linear with an acoustic impedance dependence coefficient of 0.16 MHz/kg/smm2. Meanwhile, with increasing acoustic impedance, the central frequency linearly decreased with an acoustic impedance dependence coefficient of −0.07 MHz/kg/s mm2. These characteristics are potentially applicable to acoustic impedance sensing.
{"title":"Characterization of depolarized GAWBS for optomechanical sensing of liquids outside standard fibers","authors":"N. Hayashi, Y. Mizuno, Kentaro Nakamura, S. Set, S. Yamashita","doi":"10.1117/12.2262964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262964","url":null,"abstract":"We report an experimental study on the spectral dependence of depolarized guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) in a silica single-mode fiber (SMF) on acoustic impedance of external materials. The GAWBS spectrum was measured when the acoustic impedance was changed from 1.51 to 2.00 kg/smm2. With increasing acoustic impedance, the linewidth increased; the dependence was almost linear with an acoustic impedance dependence coefficient of 0.16 MHz/kg/smm2. Meanwhile, with increasing acoustic impedance, the central frequency linearly decreased with an acoustic impedance dependence coefficient of −0.07 MHz/kg/s mm2. These characteristics are potentially applicable to acoustic impedance sensing.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130574856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel distributed fiber-optic vibration sensor (DVS) is proposed based on multi-pulse time-gated digital optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR), which can solve both the trade-off between the maximum measurable distance and the spatial resolution, and the one between the measurement distance and the vibration response bandwidth. A 21-kHz vibration is detected experimentally over 10-kilometer-long fiber, with a signal-to-noise ratio approaching 25 dB and a spatial resolution of 10 m.
{"title":"Distributed fiber-optic vibration sensor with enhanced response bandwidth and high signal-to-noise ratio","authors":"Dian Chen, Qingwen Liu, Xinyu Fan, Zuyuan He","doi":"10.1117/12.2265266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265266","url":null,"abstract":"A novel distributed fiber-optic vibration sensor (DVS) is proposed based on multi-pulse time-gated digital optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR), which can solve both the trade-off between the maximum measurable distance and the spatial resolution, and the one between the measurement distance and the vibration response bandwidth. A 21-kHz vibration is detected experimentally over 10-kilometer-long fiber, with a signal-to-noise ratio approaching 25 dB and a spatial resolution of 10 m.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123819079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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