A simple, low cost technique to fabricate a ratiometric optical fiber ammonia (NH3) sensor has been presented. The ratiometric optical fiber ammonia sensor was based on the ammonia induced absorbance change of sensing material Oxazine 170 perchlorate (O170) in ethyl cellulose (EC) with the luminescence intensity of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin (AFC). The observed luminescence intensity from AFC at 487 nm decreased with increasing the ammonia concentration. The sensitivity of optical ammonia sensor is quantified in terms of the ratio I0/I100, where I0 and I100 represent the detected luminescence intensities in nitrogen and 1000 ppm ammonia concentration, respectively. The experimental result shows that the sensitivity of the ratiometric optical fiber ammonia sensor is estimated to be 1.44. The sensitive optical ammonia sensor based on fluorescence intensity changes of AFC due to the absorption change of Oxazine 170 perchlorate in EC layer with ammonia is achieved. The ratiometric sensing approach presented in this study has the advantage of suppressing spurious fluctuations in the intensity of the excitation source and optical transmission properties of the optical sensor.
{"title":"Development of ratiometric optical fiber sensor for ammonia gas detection","authors":"Cheng-Shane Chu, Yen-Fu Chen","doi":"10.1117/12.2256472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2256472","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, low cost technique to fabricate a ratiometric optical fiber ammonia (NH3) sensor has been presented. The ratiometric optical fiber ammonia sensor was based on the ammonia induced absorbance change of sensing material Oxazine 170 perchlorate (O170) in ethyl cellulose (EC) with the luminescence intensity of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin (AFC). The observed luminescence intensity from AFC at 487 nm decreased with increasing the ammonia concentration. The sensitivity of optical ammonia sensor is quantified in terms of the ratio I0/I100, where I0 and I100 represent the detected luminescence intensities in nitrogen and 1000 ppm ammonia concentration, respectively. The experimental result shows that the sensitivity of the ratiometric optical fiber ammonia sensor is estimated to be 1.44. The sensitive optical ammonia sensor based on fluorescence intensity changes of AFC due to the absorption change of Oxazine 170 perchlorate in EC layer with ammonia is achieved. The ratiometric sensing approach presented in this study has the advantage of suppressing spurious fluctuations in the intensity of the excitation source and optical transmission properties of the optical sensor.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117101100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiromasa Miyazawa, Masaya Nemoto, Yoshiki Yamada, Yosuke Tanaka, T. Kurokawa
We propose a system for precise measurement of multi-point displacement and strain using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors along with intensity-modulated light and two-photon absorption process in a Si-avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). This method sweeps both the optical wavelength and the phase difference between the two modulation signals. The FBGs' reflection spectra and their change due to strain are successfully observed at the same time with the precision measurement of the FBG's displacement, where the relative measurement uncertainty is 10−4. This fiber sensing system is especially suitable for structural health monitoring.
{"title":"Multi-point strain and displacement sensor based on intensity-modulated light and two-photon absorption process in Si-avalanche photodiode","authors":"Hiromasa Miyazawa, Masaya Nemoto, Yoshiki Yamada, Yosuke Tanaka, T. Kurokawa","doi":"10.1117/12.2267460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2267460","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a system for precise measurement of multi-point displacement and strain using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors along with intensity-modulated light and two-photon absorption process in a Si-avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). This method sweeps both the optical wavelength and the phase difference between the two modulation signals. The FBGs' reflection spectra and their change due to strain are successfully observed at the same time with the precision measurement of the FBG's displacement, where the relative measurement uncertainty is 10−4. This fiber sensing system is especially suitable for structural health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128421026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a first demonstration of a novel multi-parameter fiber optic (FO) sensor concept based on gold nanoparticles (GNP) embedded in a stimuli-responsive hydrogel material. A hemispherical hydrogel immobilized on the optical fiber end-face forms a low-finesse Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer. The GNPs exhibit local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that is sensitive towards the refractive index of the surrounding environment, while the stimuli-responsive hydrogel is sensitive towards specific chemical compounds. We evaluate the quality of the interferometric and LSPR signal as a function GNP concentration and of hydrogel swelling degree stimulated by ethanol solutions. The GNPs shows to have little influence on the visibility of the FP etalon, while LSPR of GNP shows to be sensitive towards the surface refractive index rather than bulk refractive index. This demonstration shows that the sensor concept has the potential to be used in applications such as an intravenous two-parametric real-time sensor for medical purpose.
{"title":"First step towards an interferometric and localized surface plasmon fiber optic sensor","authors":"H. I. Muri, Andon Bano, D. Hjelme","doi":"10.1117/12.2262981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262981","url":null,"abstract":"We present a first demonstration of a novel multi-parameter fiber optic (FO) sensor concept based on gold nanoparticles (GNP) embedded in a stimuli-responsive hydrogel material. A hemispherical hydrogel immobilized on the optical fiber end-face forms a low-finesse Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer. The GNPs exhibit local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that is sensitive towards the refractive index of the surrounding environment, while the stimuli-responsive hydrogel is sensitive towards specific chemical compounds. We evaluate the quality of the interferometric and LSPR signal as a function GNP concentration and of hydrogel swelling degree stimulated by ethanol solutions. The GNPs shows to have little influence on the visibility of the FP etalon, while LSPR of GNP shows to be sensitive towards the surface refractive index rather than bulk refractive index. This demonstration shows that the sensor concept has the potential to be used in applications such as an intravenous two-parametric real-time sensor for medical purpose.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128740718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low thermal sensitivity and cross sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) towards the applied strain, temperature make FBG implementation complicated in composite materials at cryogenic conditions. In order to alleviate this problem, our work focuses on simultaneous strain and temperature monitoring inside the composite material at cryogenic temperatures. The temperature sensitive polymer coating on an FBG sensor makes it a suitable candidate for cryogenic temperature measurement. The average temperature sensitivity of 48 pm °C−1 was obtained in −1180 ∼ 25 °C. In addition, the cross sensitivity problem has been adjusted by introducing a glass capillary tube to encapsulate the FBG. The thermal expansion of capillary material was compensated by cleaving the one end of FBG free and the other end with the temperature resistant epoxy resins. Experiments results validate that the proposed method can successfully monitor the strain and temperature factors that can be applied to composite material at cryogenic temperatures.
{"title":"Fiber-optic sensor for simultaneous strain and temperature monitoring in composite materials at cryogenic condition","authors":"U. Sampath, Dae-gil Kim, H. Kim, Minho Song","doi":"10.1117/12.2265533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265533","url":null,"abstract":"Low thermal sensitivity and cross sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) towards the applied strain, temperature make FBG implementation complicated in composite materials at cryogenic conditions. In order to alleviate this problem, our work focuses on simultaneous strain and temperature monitoring inside the composite material at cryogenic temperatures. The temperature sensitive polymer coating on an FBG sensor makes it a suitable candidate for cryogenic temperature measurement. The average temperature sensitivity of 48 pm °C−1 was obtained in −1180 ∼ 25 °C. In addition, the cross sensitivity problem has been adjusted by introducing a glass capillary tube to encapsulate the FBG. The thermal expansion of capillary material was compensated by cleaving the one end of FBG free and the other end with the temperature resistant epoxy resins. Experiments results validate that the proposed method can successfully monitor the strain and temperature factors that can be applied to composite material at cryogenic temperatures.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129560536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiping Wang, Ming Wang, Xiaoqi Ni, W. Xia, D. Guo, Hui Hao, Qingyu Ma, Zhuang Wei
A fiber-optic micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) pressure sensor exploiting microwave photonics filtering technique is firstly proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A single-bandpass microwave photonic filter (MPF) which mainly consists of a spectrum-sliced light source, a pressurized EFPI, a phase modulator (PM) and a length of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) is demonstrated. The frequency response of the filter with respect to the pressure is studied. By detecting the resonance frequency shifts of the MPF, the pressure can be determined. The theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed EFPI pressure sensor has a higher resolution and higher speed than traditional methods based on optical spectrum analysis. The sensitivity of the sensor is measured to be as high as 86 MHz/MPa in the range of 0–4MPa.
{"title":"An optical fiber MEMS pressure sensor using microwave photonics filtering technique","authors":"Yiping Wang, Ming Wang, Xiaoqi Ni, W. Xia, D. Guo, Hui Hao, Qingyu Ma, Zhuang Wei","doi":"10.1117/12.2263415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263415","url":null,"abstract":"A fiber-optic micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) pressure sensor exploiting microwave photonics filtering technique is firstly proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A single-bandpass microwave photonic filter (MPF) which mainly consists of a spectrum-sliced light source, a pressurized EFPI, a phase modulator (PM) and a length of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) is demonstrated. The frequency response of the filter with respect to the pressure is studied. By detecting the resonance frequency shifts of the MPF, the pressure can be determined. The theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed EFPI pressure sensor has a higher resolution and higher speed than traditional methods based on optical spectrum analysis. The sensitivity of the sensor is measured to be as high as 86 MHz/MPa in the range of 0–4MPa.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129681911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical fiber sensors are very useful to monitor the internal strain and temperature in composites during manufacturing and assembly as well as in practical operations. The authors have been using both multi-point and distributed strain monitoring techniques to characterize the internal state of composite structures. This paper reports some recent developments of life cycle monitoring and quality control of aerospace composite structures. Specifically, distributed sensing for large-scaled parts, through-thickness strain monitoring for complex-shaped parts, and direction-dependent cure shrinkage monitoring are described, highlighting wide applicability of embedded optical fiber sensors for intelligent process monitoring and quality assessment of composite parts.
{"title":"Optical fiber sensor based life cycling monitoring and quality assessment of carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite structures","authors":"N. Takeda, S. Minakuchi","doi":"10.1117/12.2272472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272472","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber sensors are very useful to monitor the internal strain and temperature in composites during manufacturing and assembly as well as in practical operations. The authors have been using both multi-point and distributed strain monitoring techniques to characterize the internal state of composite structures. This paper reports some recent developments of life cycle monitoring and quality control of aerospace composite structures. Specifically, distributed sensing for large-scaled parts, through-thickness strain monitoring for complex-shaped parts, and direction-dependent cure shrinkage monitoring are described, highlighting wide applicability of embedded optical fiber sensors for intelligent process monitoring and quality assessment of composite parts.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127335979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minsu Jang, Ockchul Kim, Sungwook Yang, Jinseok Kim
We report on the development of an angle sensor which can measure at high bending curvature. Unlike the other sensors, the novel angle sensor can be durable and flexible. The sensors consist of one fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fiber which is located in the middle of each sensor, and are fabricated in varying thickness to confirm the relation between the distance of the center of the angle sensor to the core of the FBG node and the radii of curvature at which the sensor can measure. The thinnest sensor has the thickness of 200 μm and can measure at the bending radius of 5 mm. However, its angle measurement error is the largest with 1.25°, because of high sensitivity. Regulating the thickness of sensor, the angles at high curvatures can be measured reliably.
{"title":"High bending curvature withstanding one dimensional angle sensor with fiber Bragg gratings","authors":"Minsu Jang, Ockchul Kim, Sungwook Yang, Jinseok Kim","doi":"10.1117/12.2267525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2267525","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the development of an angle sensor which can measure at high bending curvature. Unlike the other sensors, the novel angle sensor can be durable and flexible. The sensors consist of one fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fiber which is located in the middle of each sensor, and are fabricated in varying thickness to confirm the relation between the distance of the center of the angle sensor to the core of the FBG node and the radii of curvature at which the sensor can measure. The thinnest sensor has the thickness of 200 μm and can measure at the bending radius of 5 mm. However, its angle measurement error is the largest with 1.25°, because of high sensitivity. Regulating the thickness of sensor, the angles at high curvatures can be measured reliably.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130753359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A technique based on a multi-dimensional signal processing approach is here described for performance enhancement of distributed optical fibre sensors. In particular, the main features of linear and nonlinear image denoising techniques are described for signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analysers. Experimental results demonstrate the possibility to enhance the performance of distributed Brillouin sensors by more than 13 dB using a nonlinear image denoising approach, while more than 20 dB enhancement can be obtained with video denoising.
{"title":"Image and video denoising for distributed optical fibre sensors","authors":"M. Soto, Jaime A. Ramírez, L. Thévenaz","doi":"10.1117/12.2272470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272470","url":null,"abstract":"A technique based on a multi-dimensional signal processing approach is here described for performance enhancement of distributed optical fibre sensors. In particular, the main features of linear and nonlinear image denoising techniques are described for signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analysers. Experimental results demonstrate the possibility to enhance the performance of distributed Brillouin sensors by more than 13 dB using a nonlinear image denoising approach, while more than 20 dB enhancement can be obtained with video denoising.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131945515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report on a thermal stability study of the resonant wavelength of fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by femtosecond laser. We propose a new method to analyze the decay of the central wavelength shift of Bragg gratings based on isothermal and isochronal processes up-to a maximum temperature of 800 °C. The obtained thermal decay follows a typical power-law function, which allowed us to fit theoretical equations to our experimental data and simulate the refractive index decay. A method to mitigate this decay is proposed and the results demonstrate the potential of using femtosecond fiber Bragg gratings as high temperature sensors.
{"title":"Resonant wavelength thermal stability of femtosecond FBGs","authors":"T. Paixão, F. Araújo, L. Ferreira, P. Antunes","doi":"10.1117/12.2263558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263558","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a thermal stability study of the resonant wavelength of fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by femtosecond laser. We propose a new method to analyze the decay of the central wavelength shift of Bragg gratings based on isothermal and isochronal processes up-to a maximum temperature of 800 °C. The obtained thermal decay follows a typical power-law function, which allowed us to fit theoretical equations to our experimental data and simulate the refractive index decay. A method to mitigate this decay is proposed and the results demonstrate the potential of using femtosecond fiber Bragg gratings as high temperature sensors.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132333807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. T. Major, Divya Tiwari, Ricardo Correia, Stephen W. James, M. Tirovic, R. Tatam
The use of optical fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) to monitor the Interface Pressure Distribution (IPD) on an automotive disc brake pad under a variety of loading conditions is studied. The results demonstrate successful strain transfer from the brake pads to the attached FBG sensors under static loading, with a linear response to increasing pressure, and with the measured IPD showing good agreement with that recorded using pressure sensitive paper. Results are also presented demonstrating that changes in the IPD as a result of torque acting on the brake pads can be monitored by the FBG sensors.
{"title":"Fibre Bragg grating sensors for the analysis of pressure distribution at a disc brake/pad interface","authors":"B. T. Major, Divya Tiwari, Ricardo Correia, Stephen W. James, M. Tirovic, R. Tatam","doi":"10.1117/12.2263455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263455","url":null,"abstract":"The use of optical fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) to monitor the Interface Pressure Distribution (IPD) on an automotive disc brake pad under a variety of loading conditions is studied. The results demonstrate successful strain transfer from the brake pads to the attached FBG sensors under static loading, with a linear response to increasing pressure, and with the measured IPD showing good agreement with that recorded using pressure sensitive paper. Results are also presented demonstrating that changes in the IPD as a result of torque acting on the brake pads can be monitored by the FBG sensors.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130511011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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