Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.1177/2277436X20969230
T. Patel
M. N. Srinivas, the pioneering Sociologist of India, has contributed immensely to the development of the discipline of sociology and social anthropology through his teaching and research. He combined theory, method and field reality in his body of work. It generated a great deal of interest and critique. This essay looks at his contributions with reference to how I learnt, through my links with rural India, from his sociological writings drawn from intensive fieldwork on caste, village, processes like Sanskritisation and Westernisation and concepts such as vote bank, which gained popular currency.
M. N.斯里尼瓦斯，印度社会学家的先驱，通过他的教学和研究对社会学和社会人类学学科的发展做出了巨大贡献。他把理论、方法和实地实际结合在他的作品中。它引起了极大的兴趣和批评。这篇文章着眼于他的贡献，参考我是如何通过我与印度农村的联系，从他的社会学著作中学习到的，这些著作来自对种姓、村庄、梵化和西方化等过程的深入田野调查，以及诸如选票银行等概念，这些都得到了广泛的传播。
{"title":"M. N. Srinivas: What I Learnt from His Sociology and Social Anthropology","authors":"T. Patel","doi":"10.1177/2277436X20969230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X20969230","url":null,"abstract":"M. N. Srinivas, the pioneering Sociologist of India, has contributed immensely to the development of the discipline of sociology and social anthropology through his teaching and research. He combined theory, method and field reality in his body of work. It generated a great deal of interest and critique. This essay looks at his contributions with reference to how I learnt, through my links with rural India, from his sociological writings drawn from intensive fieldwork on caste, village, processes like Sanskritisation and Westernisation and concepts such as vote bank, which gained popular currency.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123734670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-26DOI: 10.1177/2277436X20968987
N. Mathur
The plethora of M. N. Srinivas’s articles and books covering a wide range of subjects from village studies to nation building, from dominant caste in Rampura village to nature and character of caste in independent India, and from prospects of sociological research in Gujarat to practicing social anthropology in India have largely influenced the understanding of society and culture for well over five decades. Additionally, he meticulously wrote itineraries, memoirs and personal notes that provide a glimpse of his inner being, influences, ideologies, thought all of which have inspired a large number of and social anthropologists and sociologists across the world. It is then only befitting to explore the major concerns in the life and intellectual thought of one whose pioneering contributions have been the milestones in the fields of social anthropology and sociology in a specific sense and of social sciences in India in a general sense. This article centres around/brings to light the academic concerns that Srinivas grappled with the new avenues of thought and insights that developed consequently, and the extent of his rendition their relevance in framing/understanding contemporary society and culture in India.
M. N. Srinivas的大量文章和书籍涵盖了广泛的主题，从乡村研究到国家建设，从兰普拉村的统治种姓到独立印度种姓的性质和特征，从古吉拉特邦社会学研究的前景到印度社会人类学的实践，在过去的50多年里，这些文章和书籍在很大程度上影响了对社会和文化的理解。此外，他精心撰写的行程，回忆录和个人笔记，提供了他的内心世界，影响，意识形态，思想的一瞥，所有这些都启发了世界各地的大量社会人类学家和社会学家。因此，我们只适合探讨一个人的生活和思想中的主要问题，他的开创性贡献是社会人类学和社会学领域的里程碑，在特定意义上，在印度社会科学的一般意义上。本文围绕斯里尼瓦斯与由此发展起来的新思想和见解的学术关注展开，以及他的演绎与构建/理解当代印度社会和文化的相关性的程度。
{"title":"The Remembered Anthropologist: Engaging with the Insights of M. N. Srinivas","authors":"N. Mathur","doi":"10.1177/2277436X20968987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X20968987","url":null,"abstract":"The plethora of M. N. Srinivas’s articles and books covering a wide range of subjects from village studies to nation building, from dominant caste in Rampura village to nature and character of caste in independent India, and from prospects of sociological research in Gujarat to practicing social anthropology in India have largely influenced the understanding of society and culture for well over five decades. Additionally, he meticulously wrote itineraries, memoirs and personal notes that provide a glimpse of his inner being, influences, ideologies, thought all of which have inspired a large number of and social anthropologists and sociologists across the world. It is then only befitting to explore the major concerns in the life and intellectual thought of one whose pioneering contributions have been the milestones in the fields of social anthropology and sociology in a specific sense and of social sciences in India in a general sense. This article centres around/brings to light the academic concerns that Srinivas grappled with the new avenues of thought and insights that developed consequently, and the extent of his rendition their relevance in framing/understanding contemporary society and culture in India.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126693941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436X20928441
L. V. Pandian
Abstract Bourdieu says that the individual’s education and skills are the cultural capital and believe it as the modality for the individuals in the upper classes to dominate and alienate the individuals of the lower rungs in the class hierarchy. His concept is important here to understand how beauty power discourse as cultural capital is used for oppressing Indian women though he thought that this particular power discourse cannot be applied to countries like India. And, this article analyses the limitations in the application of his definition of the concept ‘cultural capital’ to the Indian state and the established connection of body image and skin tone to the ideology of power and status, and how it has become a need for Indian women to achieve those desirable attributes of beauty to enable them to be celebrated and to wield cultural and economic power in their field.
{"title":"Patriarchy and Beauty: The Power Over Indian Women","authors":"L. V. Pandian","doi":"10.1177/2277436X20928441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X20928441","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bourdieu says that the individual’s education and skills are the cultural capital and believe it as the modality for the individuals in the upper classes to dominate and alienate the individuals of the lower rungs in the class hierarchy. His concept is important here to understand how beauty power discourse as cultural capital is used for oppressing Indian women though he thought that this particular power discourse cannot be applied to countries like India. And, this article analyses the limitations in the application of his definition of the concept ‘cultural capital’ to the Indian state and the established connection of body image and skin tone to the ideology of power and status, and how it has become a need for Indian women to achieve those desirable attributes of beauty to enable them to be celebrated and to wield cultural and economic power in their field.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117199742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436X20927252
N. Bhattacharyya, D. Dasgupta, Subho Roy
Abstract Gynaecological problem makes up a sizable proportion of disease burden in women. Majority of these problems remain unaddressed as cultural and gender norms make women silent to report these problems. Undiagnosed and untreated gynaecological problems at young age may have physical and psychological consequences in later life. This article aims to understand the prevalence of gynaecological problems and its concomitants among young married women of rural West Bengal. We collected data on 1,107 young married women, aged 24 years or below, inhabiting the rural areas of three districts of West Bengal with at least one child of five years or below. A pretested structured schedule was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables and symptoms related to gynaecological problems and their management. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to get an in-depth understanding of the participants towards gynaecological problems and management. Around 41 per cent of women reported at least one of the gynaecological problems. Excessive vaginal discharge with bad odour, pain or burning sensation while passing urine, itching at vagina, lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities and painful menstruation were the most reported problems. Only 22 per cent of participants sought medical advice. FGDs reveal that there is a variation among the participants regarding the perception and awareness of gynaecological problems. Sexual activity, early marriage and menstrual hygiene were perceived to be the causes of gynaecological problems. The local healers were consulted at the initial stage of the problem; qualified medical practitioners were consulted when the problem persisted. We conclude from this study that socio-cultural factors remain the primary reason behind the high prevalence of gynaecological problem among the study participants.
{"title":"Concomitants of Gynaecological Problem: A Study on Young Married Women of Rural West Bengal","authors":"N. Bhattacharyya, D. Dasgupta, Subho Roy","doi":"10.1177/2277436X20927252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X20927252","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gynaecological problem makes up a sizable proportion of disease burden in women. Majority of these problems remain unaddressed as cultural and gender norms make women silent to report these problems. Undiagnosed and untreated gynaecological problems at young age may have physical and psychological consequences in later life. This article aims to understand the prevalence of gynaecological problems and its concomitants among young married women of rural West Bengal. We collected data on 1,107 young married women, aged 24 years or below, inhabiting the rural areas of three districts of West Bengal with at least one child of five years or below. A pretested structured schedule was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables and symptoms related to gynaecological problems and their management. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to get an in-depth understanding of the participants towards gynaecological problems and management. Around 41 per cent of women reported at least one of the gynaecological problems. Excessive vaginal discharge with bad odour, pain or burning sensation while passing urine, itching at vagina, lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities and painful menstruation were the most reported problems. Only 22 per cent of participants sought medical advice. FGDs reveal that there is a variation among the participants regarding the perception and awareness of gynaecological problems. Sexual activity, early marriage and menstrual hygiene were perceived to be the causes of gynaecological problems. The local healers were consulted at the initial stage of the problem; qualified medical practitioners were consulted when the problem persisted. We conclude from this study that socio-cultural factors remain the primary reason behind the high prevalence of gynaecological problem among the study participants.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128538163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436x20912844
V. Srivastava, U. Kumar, M. Sasikumar, Venugopal N. Pulamaghatta, S. Patel, Priyanka Airi Goyal
{"title":"Draft of the Policies for Great Andamanese and Sentinelese","authors":"V. Srivastava, U. Kumar, M. Sasikumar, Venugopal N. Pulamaghatta, S. Patel, Priyanka Airi Goyal","doi":"10.1177/2277436x20912844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x20912844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122826976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436x20927255
B. Raviprasad, A. Kumar Ghosh, M. Sasikumar
Abstract The hunter-gatherer tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with negrito physical features had drawn attention of researchers and administrators because of their unique bio-cultural identity and their migration to the present habitat. Until 1950s, the Onge were sparsely distributed and exploited natural biotic resources of whole Little Andaman Island. Population decrease among them was the major factor for resettlement of this tribe at Dugong creek (1976–1977) and at South Bay (1980) of Little Andaman Island. The then Administration’s attempts to protect Onge was in line with the Government of India’s policy towards tribal societies. Often described as ‘Nehru-Elwin’ tribal policy. After resettlement, supply of ‘free ration’ was introduced which is continuing till date. The whole economy of the Onge has undergone a change. Their physical stamina seems to be ‘greatly reduced’ and the incidence of ‘overweight’ has increased in both men and women. ‘Underweight’ is reported more among men (60%) than women (33%). Longevity of male and female Onge is moderate. 10% of Onge male and female are 50 years and above. Four males and two female Onge are aged 60 years and above. 34% of Onge in the age group of 21–40 years are employed in electricity, education and forest department of Andaman and Nicobar administration, Port Blair. The present generation is more interested in ‘cash economy’ and demands facilities such as housing, electricity, piped water, bicycles and medicines. Challenge for administrators and policy makers lies in the changing socio-cultural attitudes of the present day Onge. Skills such as preparation of baskets, boats and paintings over the body are hardly seen among younger generation. Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery (ANMs) at Dugong creek settlement are instructed to visit Onge families daily to distribute allopathic medicines and also observe/wait until medicine are actually consumed. The authors in the paper discuss the present status of the Onge at Little Andaman Island from the point of view of biological attributes such as demography, nutritional status of adults and Growth and development of Onge children, they opine that ‘survival of Onge’ as bio-cultural ethnic group with certain caveats has been achieved. In conclusion we can state that although many National and International critics seem to think that the pristine cultural has been affected, ‘Survival of Onge’ itself has been the biggest success of this resettlement.
{"title":"Survival, Continuity and Identity Among the Onge of Andaman and Nicobar Islands","authors":"B. Raviprasad, A. Kumar Ghosh, M. Sasikumar","doi":"10.1177/2277436x20927255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x20927255","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hunter-gatherer tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with negrito physical features had drawn attention of researchers and administrators because of their unique bio-cultural identity and their migration to the present habitat. Until 1950s, the Onge were sparsely distributed and exploited natural biotic resources of whole Little Andaman Island. Population decrease among them was the major factor for resettlement of this tribe at Dugong creek (1976–1977) and at South Bay (1980) of Little Andaman Island. The then Administration’s attempts to protect Onge was in line with the Government of India’s policy towards tribal societies. Often described as ‘Nehru-Elwin’ tribal policy. After resettlement, supply of ‘free ration’ was introduced which is continuing till date. The whole economy of the Onge has undergone a change. Their physical stamina seems to be ‘greatly reduced’ and the incidence of ‘overweight’ has increased in both men and women. ‘Underweight’ is reported more among men (60%) than women (33%). Longevity of male and female Onge is moderate. 10% of Onge male and female are 50 years and above. Four males and two female Onge are aged 60 years and above. 34% of Onge in the age group of 21–40 years are employed in electricity, education and forest department of Andaman and Nicobar administration, Port Blair. The present generation is more interested in ‘cash economy’ and demands facilities such as housing, electricity, piped water, bicycles and medicines. Challenge for administrators and policy makers lies in the changing socio-cultural attitudes of the present day Onge. Skills such as preparation of baskets, boats and paintings over the body are hardly seen among younger generation. Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery (ANMs) at Dugong creek settlement are instructed to visit Onge families daily to distribute allopathic medicines and also observe/wait until medicine are actually consumed. The authors in the paper discuss the present status of the Onge at Little Andaman Island from the point of view of biological attributes such as demography, nutritional status of adults and Growth and development of Onge children, they opine that ‘survival of Onge’ as bio-cultural ethnic group with certain caveats has been achieved. In conclusion we can state that although many National and International critics seem to think that the pristine cultural has been affected, ‘Survival of Onge’ itself has been the biggest success of this resettlement.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131431616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436x20928442
S. Basu
{"title":"Sudeep Basu, In Diasporic Lands: Tibetan Refugees and Their Transformation Since the Exodus","authors":"S. Basu","doi":"10.1177/2277436x20928442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x20928442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129182761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436x20905925
P. C. Joshi
{"title":"H.K. Kumbnani (1935–2019)","authors":"P. C. Joshi","doi":"10.1177/2277436x20905925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x20905925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133093975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436x20927254
Devajana C. Nanjunda, Pulamaghatta N. Venugopal
Abstract Karnataka is the most populous state in South India. The Government of Karnataka constituted a committee under the chairpersonship of one of the sitting women members of the Karnataka Legislative Council to study the conditions of the sex workers in the state. This committee has submitted its report to the Karnataka government recently. This study has interviewed around 11,000 sex workers across the state and collected the required information about their present condition. Data have been collected through the schedule having 169 questions and interviewing the respondents. Sex workers were identified through the district councillors for the survey. The committee has estimated more than 300,000 women are involved in this work, a majority of them are from lower social groups having a low income. The study has found that in the initial stage, women are being stepped into this job merely because of trafficking or to earn more money for life, or are sold unwittingly to the pimps by relatives or friends. Once they get stuck in this vicious cycle, women continue to be sex workers only because of no other exit. It is found that women continue to be sex workers as long as demand or beauty prevails in the market. When demand decreases, they continue in the field as a supplier/agent (pimps). The study has found that a majority of them are being trafficked from Maharashtra and Goa to Karnataka. The study found migration, drought, unemployment, early marriage divorce, poverty, etc., as some of the reasons for entering in this job. Shockingly, the report has revealed that married women are more engaged in this occupation. The more interesting issue is that around 26 per cent of women/girls have entered into this sex work job just to buy a good mobile, to get a good dress, for pocket money, etc. The report further says that more than 17–20 per cent of them are HIV infected. The study finally suggests that awareness creation, atrocity prevention, resolving rehabilitation and empowerment should be the part and parcel of any policy for the welfare of the sex workers. This article is based on the findings of the study report submitted to government by the committee.
{"title":"Boundaries of Contagion: The Unheard Plight of Sex Workers in Karnataka","authors":"Devajana C. Nanjunda, Pulamaghatta N. Venugopal","doi":"10.1177/2277436x20927254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x20927254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Karnataka is the most populous state in South India. The Government of Karnataka constituted a committee under the chairpersonship of one of the sitting women members of the Karnataka Legislative Council to study the conditions of the sex workers in the state. This committee has submitted its report to the Karnataka government recently. This study has interviewed around 11,000 sex workers across the state and collected the required information about their present condition. Data have been collected through the schedule having 169 questions and interviewing the respondents. Sex workers were identified through the district councillors for the survey. The committee has estimated more than 300,000 women are involved in this work, a majority of them are from lower social groups having a low income. The study has found that in the initial stage, women are being stepped into this job merely because of trafficking or to earn more money for life, or are sold unwittingly to the pimps by relatives or friends. Once they get stuck in this vicious cycle, women continue to be sex workers only because of no other exit. It is found that women continue to be sex workers as long as demand or beauty prevails in the market. When demand decreases, they continue in the field as a supplier/agent (pimps). The study has found that a majority of them are being trafficked from Maharashtra and Goa to Karnataka. The study found migration, drought, unemployment, early marriage divorce, poverty, etc., as some of the reasons for entering in this job. Shockingly, the report has revealed that married women are more engaged in this occupation. The more interesting issue is that around 26 per cent of women/girls have entered into this sex work job just to buy a good mobile, to get a good dress, for pocket money, etc. The report further says that more than 17–20 per cent of them are HIV infected. The study finally suggests that awareness creation, atrocity prevention, resolving rehabilitation and empowerment should be the part and parcel of any policy for the welfare of the sex workers. This article is based on the findings of the study report submitted to government by the committee.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122959961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436X20927222
M. Sasikumar
Abstract Classical social evolutionists generally assumed that the transformation of human societies from one particular mode of production to another is an evolutionary progression. It is a passage from hunting–gathering to herding and cultivation as alternative strategies to exploit a ‘given’ environment. This article portrays the strategies adopted by the Shompen to expand and ensure optimal diet throughout the year. The local environmental conditions and the state of technology the community has achieved had its bearing upon determining the nature of adaptive strategy evolved. The Shompen unlike their counterparts in the Andaman Islands have developed a multipronged strategy to survive at a distant, remote and inaccessible habitat in a largely isolated island that too through independent innovation of certain technologies. In this article, an attempt has been made to establish that the progression of societies was not always linear as assumed by the classical social evolutionists.
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