Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00029
Alireza Ansaripour, Milad Heydariaan, O. Gnawali, Kyungki Kim
Pose estimation is a building block for many location-based applications, such as safety applications in a construction site. Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Radios have been widely used for localization and can be used in pose (location and orientation angle of the object) estimation primarily because of the accuracy with which these radios can estimate the arrival time of radio signals. Current UWB pose estimation solutions do not perform adequately in Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) conditions. Some of these existing solutions in pose estimation rely on two or more types of sensors to tackle the NLoS challenge. These methods suffer from data fusion complexity, making the system not generalizable and limited to some specific simple environments, such as labs. In this paper, we propose ViPER, a UWB-based pose estimating system using only UWB radios. Our goal is to reduce the effects of the NLoS without the inclusion of any auxiliary sensors. ViPER uses low-pass filter, anchor and reference selection method to reduce the effect of NLoS in the measurements. It also estimates the pose of the entities using an optimization problem. We have evaluated ViPER in real- world highway construction and parking lot setting. We find that it improves the average packet reception ratio by 117% and decreases the error rate by 70% over the state of the art in Non-Line of Sight situation.
{"title":"ViPER: Vehicle Pose Estimation using Ultra-WideBand Radios","authors":"Alireza Ansaripour, Milad Heydariaan, O. Gnawali, Kyungki Kim","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00029","url":null,"abstract":"Pose estimation is a building block for many location-based applications, such as safety applications in a construction site. Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Radios have been widely used for localization and can be used in pose (location and orientation angle of the object) estimation primarily because of the accuracy with which these radios can estimate the arrival time of radio signals. Current UWB pose estimation solutions do not perform adequately in Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) conditions. Some of these existing solutions in pose estimation rely on two or more types of sensors to tackle the NLoS challenge. These methods suffer from data fusion complexity, making the system not generalizable and limited to some specific simple environments, such as labs. In this paper, we propose ViPER, a UWB-based pose estimating system using only UWB radios. Our goal is to reduce the effects of the NLoS without the inclusion of any auxiliary sensors. ViPER uses low-pass filter, anchor and reference selection method to reduce the effect of NLoS in the measurements. It also estimates the pose of the entities using an optimization problem. We have evaluated ViPER in real- world highway construction and parking lot setting. We find that it improves the average packet reception ratio by 117% and decreases the error rate by 70% over the state of the art in Non-Line of Sight situation.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130550835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the number and hours of videos available within an organisation increases, as well as it’s demand, the need for fast video streaming applications arises. Cloud based services are not cost effective and are not an ideal choice for storing the ever-increasing video data that is usually stored and used only within a particular organisation, like a University. Hence, this paper proposes a web based system design to store and stream videos at a small-scale within an organisation. To improve the video viewing experience for the user, the system is flexible to handle sudden changes, like increase in number of requests. The system requires the use of a cluster of servers to deliver the content as a single server cannot handle the load as number of requests increases. This requires effective load distribution among the servers. This paper proposes a way to design this system for adaptive video streaming. This system is highly scalable and can handle high loads, i.e. a higher number of users connecting to the application simultaneously. This paper proposes an algorithm called inter-server load balancing algorithm with Adaptive Agent-based load balancing to solve this problem. The algorithms also incorporates dynamic video resolution delivery techniques to ensure smooth viewing experience in the whole user experience irrespective of the network speed and bandwidth.
{"title":"Distributed Adaptive Video Streaming using Inter-Server Data Distribution and Agent-based Adaptive Load Balancing","authors":"Madhuparna Bhowmik, Arpitha Raghunandan, Bhawana Rudra","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00051","url":null,"abstract":"As the number and hours of videos available within an organisation increases, as well as it’s demand, the need for fast video streaming applications arises. Cloud based services are not cost effective and are not an ideal choice for storing the ever-increasing video data that is usually stored and used only within a particular organisation, like a University. Hence, this paper proposes a web based system design to store and stream videos at a small-scale within an organisation. To improve the video viewing experience for the user, the system is flexible to handle sudden changes, like increase in number of requests. The system requires the use of a cluster of servers to deliver the content as a single server cannot handle the load as number of requests increases. This requires effective load distribution among the servers. This paper proposes a way to design this system for adaptive video streaming. This system is highly scalable and can handle high loads, i.e. a higher number of users connecting to the application simultaneously. This paper proposes an algorithm called inter-server load balancing algorithm with Adaptive Agent-based load balancing to solve this problem. The algorithms also incorporates dynamic video resolution delivery techniques to ensure smooth viewing experience in the whole user experience irrespective of the network speed and bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127227779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00070
A. Anastasiou, Panayiotis Christodoulou, Klitos Christodoulou, V. Vassiliou, Z. Zinonos
More and more Internet of Things (IoT) devices are deployed around the world, due to the convenience and extra functionality they enable. This growth, while great for the industry as a whole, has come at a price with respect to ensuring and maintaining security and privacy. Having that in mind, one of the most common solutions to the IoT security problem is to update the devices frequently. Recently, LoRa Alliance has released a new specification (FUOTA) on how to perform firmware updates using LoRa technology. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based framework to securely update the firmware of the IoT devices using the LoRa communication protocol. As a first step, we perform an evaluation of the firmware update procedure using different network sizes and different firmware sizes. The evaluation shows that there is a need to use more gateways that will collaborate to increase the reliability and the performance of the firmware update process.
{"title":"IoT Device Firmware Update over LoRa: The Blockchain Solution","authors":"A. Anastasiou, Panayiotis Christodoulou, Klitos Christodoulou, V. Vassiliou, Z. Zinonos","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00070","url":null,"abstract":"More and more Internet of Things (IoT) devices are deployed around the world, due to the convenience and extra functionality they enable. This growth, while great for the industry as a whole, has come at a price with respect to ensuring and maintaining security and privacy. Having that in mind, one of the most common solutions to the IoT security problem is to update the devices frequently. Recently, LoRa Alliance has released a new specification (FUOTA) on how to perform firmware updates using LoRa technology. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based framework to securely update the firmware of the IoT devices using the LoRa communication protocol. As a first step, we perform an evaluation of the firmware update procedure using different network sizes and different firmware sizes. The evaluation shows that there is a need to use more gateways that will collaborate to increase the reliability and the performance of the firmware update process.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"22 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126322265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00028
Milad Heydariaan, Hossein Dabirian, O. Gnawali
The angle of arrival (AoA) estimation is one of the commonly used techniques for indoor localization. Ultrawideband (UWB) radios facilitate AoA estimation through the measurement of the phase difference of arrival (PDoA) at multiple receiver antennas. Concurrent transmissions in UWB radios aim to increase the efficiency of localization systems by exploiting wireless interference. This paper first investigates the feasibility of AoA estimation with UWB radios in a concurrent scheme. State-of-the-art UWB indoor localization solutions use time difference of arrival (TDoA) in a concurrent scheme. These solutions rely on accurate timestamping of the concurrently received packets. However, due to the scheduling uncertainty of the UWB transmitter platform used in this area, an unavoidable timing jitter of 8 ns causes up to 2.4 m of the localization error. Therefore, the accuracy of solutions based on concurrent TDoA relies on additional timestamp correction, which adds to the complexity of the system. Our results show that concurrent AoA estimation remains unaffected by the transmitter scheduling uncertainties. AoA-based localization techniques face two main challenges: (1) front-back ambiguity of AoA for antenna array of size two; and (2) AoA measurement device’s unknown tilting. This paper then presents AnguLoc, an efficient and scalable indoor localization system that makes use of concurrent AoA estimation to reduce the number of required packet exchanges. AnguLoc uses an Angle Difference of Arrival (ADoA) technique, also generalizable to sequential AoA, to overcome the front-back angle measurement ambiguity problem, and to work with unknown tag tilting. We evaluate AnguLoc in an office environment on a recently introduced platform, Decawave PDoA node (DWM1002). Our results show that AnguLoc is 4 times faster than sequential AoA and improves the localization accuracy by up to 44.33% compared to state-of-the-art concurrency-based indoor localization solutions without relying on additional timestamp correction.
{"title":"AnguLoc: Concurrent Angle of Arrival Estimation for Indoor Localization with UWB Radios","authors":"Milad Heydariaan, Hossein Dabirian, O. Gnawali","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00028","url":null,"abstract":"The angle of arrival (AoA) estimation is one of the commonly used techniques for indoor localization. Ultrawideband (UWB) radios facilitate AoA estimation through the measurement of the phase difference of arrival (PDoA) at multiple receiver antennas. Concurrent transmissions in UWB radios aim to increase the efficiency of localization systems by exploiting wireless interference. This paper first investigates the feasibility of AoA estimation with UWB radios in a concurrent scheme. State-of-the-art UWB indoor localization solutions use time difference of arrival (TDoA) in a concurrent scheme. These solutions rely on accurate timestamping of the concurrently received packets. However, due to the scheduling uncertainty of the UWB transmitter platform used in this area, an unavoidable timing jitter of 8 ns causes up to 2.4 m of the localization error. Therefore, the accuracy of solutions based on concurrent TDoA relies on additional timestamp correction, which adds to the complexity of the system. Our results show that concurrent AoA estimation remains unaffected by the transmitter scheduling uncertainties. AoA-based localization techniques face two main challenges: (1) front-back ambiguity of AoA for antenna array of size two; and (2) AoA measurement device’s unknown tilting. This paper then presents AnguLoc, an efficient and scalable indoor localization system that makes use of concurrent AoA estimation to reduce the number of required packet exchanges. AnguLoc uses an Angle Difference of Arrival (ADoA) technique, also generalizable to sequential AoA, to overcome the front-back angle measurement ambiguity problem, and to work with unknown tag tilting. We evaluate AnguLoc in an office environment on a recently introduced platform, Decawave PDoA node (DWM1002). Our results show that AnguLoc is 4 times faster than sequential AoA and improves the localization accuracy by up to 44.33% compared to state-of-the-art concurrency-based indoor localization solutions without relying on additional timestamp correction.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-29DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00052
J. P. Queralta, L. Qingqing, Tuan Anh Nguyen Gia, Hong Linh Truong, Tomi Westerlund
More widespread adoption requires swarms of robots to be more flexible for real-world applications. Multiple challenges remain in complex scenarios where a large amount of data needs to be processed in real-time and high degrees of situational awareness are required. The options in this direction are limited in existing robotic swarms, mostly homogeneous robots with limited operational and reconfiguration flexibility. We address this by bringing elastic computing techniques and dynamic resource management from the edge-cloud computing domain to the swarm robotics domain. This enables the dynamic provisioning of collective capabilities in the swarm for different applications. Therefore, we transform a swarm into a distributed sensing and computing platform capable of complex data processing tasks, which can then be offered as a service. In particular, we discuss how this can be applied to adaptive resource management in a heterogeneous swarm of drones, and how we are implementing the dynamic deployment of distributed data processing algorithms. With an elastic drone swarm built on reconfigurable hardware and containerized services, it will be possible to raise the self-awareness, degree of intelligence, and level of autonomy of heterogeneous swarms of robots. We describe novel directions for collaborative perception, and new ways of interacting with a robotic swarm.
{"title":"End-to-End Design for Self-Reconfigurable Heterogeneous Robotic Swarms","authors":"J. P. Queralta, L. Qingqing, Tuan Anh Nguyen Gia, Hong Linh Truong, Tomi Westerlund","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00052","url":null,"abstract":"More widespread adoption requires swarms of robots to be more flexible for real-world applications. Multiple challenges remain in complex scenarios where a large amount of data needs to be processed in real-time and high degrees of situational awareness are required. The options in this direction are limited in existing robotic swarms, mostly homogeneous robots with limited operational and reconfiguration flexibility. We address this by bringing elastic computing techniques and dynamic resource management from the edge-cloud computing domain to the swarm robotics domain. This enables the dynamic provisioning of collective capabilities in the swarm for different applications. Therefore, we transform a swarm into a distributed sensing and computing platform capable of complex data processing tasks, which can then be offered as a service. In particular, we discuss how this can be applied to adaptive resource management in a heterogeneous swarm of drones, and how we are implementing the dynamic deployment of distributed data processing algorithms. With an elastic drone swarm built on reconfigurable hardware and containerized services, it will be possible to raise the self-awareness, degree of intelligence, and level of autonomy of heterogeneous swarms of robots. We describe novel directions for collaborative perception, and new ways of interacting with a robotic swarm.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128222553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-24DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00054
S. Baidya, M. Levorato
Infrastructure assistance has been proposed as a viable solution to improve the capabilities of commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), especially toward fully autonomous operations. The airborne nature of these devices imposes constrains limiting the onboard available energy supply and computing power. The assistance of the surrounding communication and computing infrastructure can mitigate such limitations by extending the communication range and taking over the execution of compute-intense tasks. However, autonomous operations impose specific, and rather extreme in some cases, demands to the infrastructure. Focusing on flight assistance and task offloading to edge servers, this paper presents an in-depth evaluation of the ability of the communication infrastructure to support the necessary flow of information from the UAV to the infrastructure. The study is based on our recently proposed FlyNetSim, an open-source UAV-network simulator accurately modeling both UAV and network operations.
{"title":"On the Feasibility of Infrastructure Assistance to Autonomous UAV Systems","authors":"S. Baidya, M. Levorato","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00054","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure assistance has been proposed as a viable solution to improve the capabilities of commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), especially toward fully autonomous operations. The airborne nature of these devices imposes constrains limiting the onboard available energy supply and computing power. The assistance of the surrounding communication and computing infrastructure can mitigate such limitations by extending the communication range and taking over the execution of compute-intense tasks. However, autonomous operations impose specific, and rather extreme in some cases, demands to the infrastructure. Focusing on flight assistance and task offloading to edge servers, this paper presents an in-depth evaluation of the ability of the communication infrastructure to support the necessary flow of information from the UAV to the infrastructure. The study is based on our recently proposed FlyNetSim, an open-source UAV-network simulator accurately modeling both UAV and network operations.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126039628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-28DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00027
Hudson Ayers, Paul Crews, H. Teo, Conor McAvity, A. Levy, P. Levis
Low-power wireless networks provide IPv6 connectivity through 6LoWPAN, a set of standards to aggressively compress IPv6 packets over small maximum transfer unit (MTU) links such as 802.15.4.The entire purpose of IP was to interconnect different networks, but we find that different 6LoWPAN implementations fail to reliably communicate with one another. These failures are due to stacks implementing different subsets of the standard out of concern for code size. We argue that this failure stems from 6LoWPAN’s design, not implementation, and is due to applying traditional Internet protocol design principles to low- power networks.We propose three design principles for Internet protocols on low-power networks, designed to prevent similar failures in the future. These principles are based around the importance of providing flexible tradeoffs between code size and energy efficiency. We apply these principles to 6LoWPAN and show that the modified protocol provides a wide range of implementation strategies while allowing implementations with different strategies to reliably communicate.
{"title":"Design Considerations for Low Power Internet Protocols","authors":"Hudson Ayers, Paul Crews, H. Teo, Conor McAvity, A. Levy, P. Levis","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00027","url":null,"abstract":"Low-power wireless networks provide IPv6 connectivity through 6LoWPAN, a set of standards to aggressively compress IPv6 packets over small maximum transfer unit (MTU) links such as 802.15.4.The entire purpose of IP was to interconnect different networks, but we find that different 6LoWPAN implementations fail to reliably communicate with one another. These failures are due to stacks implementing different subsets of the standard out of concern for code size. We argue that this failure stems from 6LoWPAN’s design, not implementation, and is due to applying traditional Internet protocol design principles to low- power networks.We propose three design principles for Internet protocols on low-power networks, designed to prevent similar failures in the future. These principles are based around the importance of providing flexible tradeoffs between code size and energy efficiency. We apply these principles to 6LoWPAN and show that the modified protocol provides a wide range of implementation strategies while allowing implementations with different strategies to reliably communicate.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117008490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-20DOI: 10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00053
R. Shinkuma, N. Mandayam
Ad hoc wireless mesh networks formed by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with wireless transceivers (access points (APs)) are increasingly being touted as being able to provide a flexible "on-the-fly" communications infrastructure that can collect and transmit sensor data from sensors in remote, wilderness, or disaster-hit areas. Recent advances in the mechanical automation of UAVs have resulted in separable APs and replaceable batteries that can be carried by UAVs and placed at arbitrary locations in the field. These advanced mechanized UAV mesh networks pose interesting questions in terms of the design of the network model and the optimal UAV scheduling algorithms. This paper proposes the design of wireless mesh networks that depend on the mechanized automation (AP separation and battery replacement) capabilities of UAVs, which includes mathematical formulations and heuristic UAV scheduling algorithms for each network model. Through performance evaluation, the proposed design is benchmarked against the theoretical lower bound.
{"title":"Design of Ad Hoc Wireless Mesh Networks Formed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Advanced Mechanical Automation","authors":"R. Shinkuma, N. Mandayam","doi":"10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00053","url":null,"abstract":"Ad hoc wireless mesh networks formed by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with wireless transceivers (access points (APs)) are increasingly being touted as being able to provide a flexible \"on-the-fly\" communications infrastructure that can collect and transmit sensor data from sensors in remote, wilderness, or disaster-hit areas. Recent advances in the mechanical automation of UAVs have resulted in separable APs and replaceable batteries that can be carried by UAVs and placed at arbitrary locations in the field. These advanced mechanized UAV mesh networks pose interesting questions in terms of the design of the network model and the optimal UAV scheduling algorithms. This paper proposes the design of wireless mesh networks that depend on the mechanized automation (AP separation and battery replacement) capabilities of UAVs, which includes mathematical formulations and heuristic UAV scheduling algorithms for each network model. Through performance evaluation, the proposed design is benchmarked against the theoretical lower bound.","PeriodicalId":198837,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133032605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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