Pub Date : 2017-05-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8603
M. Al-QallafS, Z. Jalal
Purpose: The aim of this project is to examine the tolerability of patients to the various possible side effects of organic nitrate and how that would affect their compliance. Methods: A PubMed search of the literature was conducted using the terms nitrates tolerability, nitrates side effects, nitrate compliance. Data for this study was collected from a questionnaire that was distributed to 75 patients. Results: The results showed that 69% of patients have experienced side effects when they started using organic nitrates. After continued use, the incidence of side effects decreased to 19 %. The most common side effect was reported to be headache which occurred in the first eight hours of using medication almost as one headache attack daily. Conclusion: Organic nitrates have a good tolerability and compliance among patients, it is clear that the incidence of nitrate side effects especially headache decrease with continued use which might be attributed to the tolerance that might develop with the use of nitrates. Starting nitrates in low doses and leaving a daily free interval have been reported to be associated with reduced frequency and severity of headache, and enhanced their clinical efficacy.
{"title":"Tolerability and Compliance Among Patients using Long Acting Organic Nitrates","authors":"M. Al-QallafS, Z. Jalal","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8603","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this project is to examine the tolerability of patients to the various possible side effects of organic nitrate and how that would affect their compliance. Methods: A PubMed search of the literature was conducted using the terms nitrates tolerability, nitrates side effects, nitrate compliance. Data for this study was collected from a questionnaire that was distributed to 75 patients. Results: The results showed that 69% of patients have experienced side effects when they started using organic nitrates. After continued use, the incidence of side effects decreased to 19 %. The most common side effect was reported to be headache which occurred in the first eight hours of using medication almost as one headache attack daily. Conclusion: Organic nitrates have a good tolerability and compliance among patients, it is clear that the incidence of nitrate side effects especially headache decrease with continued use which might be attributed to the tolerance that might develop with the use of nitrates. Starting nitrates in low doses and leaving a daily free interval have been reported to be associated with reduced frequency and severity of headache, and enhanced their clinical efficacy.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81844987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8540
K. Shanmugapriya, T. Murugan, Thayumanavan Tha
Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar, sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world
{"title":"Biochemical Profiles of Various Fresh Extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers","authors":"K. Shanmugapriya, T. Murugan, Thayumanavan Tha","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8540","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify\u0000and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of\u0000rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the\u0000biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition\u0000such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar,\u0000sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium\u0000polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of\u0000the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present\u0000studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the\u0000scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86968178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8533
S. Iswarya, M. Sridevi, A. Mayavel
In the present study, leaf, bark, twig and root samples of Gmelina arborea (Family: Verbenaceae) are taken from four different geographical regions in and around Tamil Nadu. The samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction with Methanol (MeOH) and n-Hexane. They were screened for the presence of phytochemicals and their respective concentrations were estimated and compared. Antioxidant activities of the selected samples were tested using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay and Metal Chelation Assay. When compared to n-Hexane, All the samples of Methanol extract showed good concentrations of secondary metabolites, especially high phenol content (8.4- 4.4 mg/ml of MeOH extract). There were significant amounts of Alkaloids (2.6-0.1 mg/ml), Tannins (3- 0.1 mg/ml) and Saponins (8.2-0.2 mg/ml) though their concentration ranges were highly varying from sample to sample. The radical scavenging activity was stable and significant in all the samples from Area-3 and 4 with B3M the highest (71.51%). On a comparative scale, G.arborea samples from Area-3 and 4 (Farmers’ plantations) showed a good amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential thus forming a good line of trees for selection and breeding.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Gmelina arborea Roxb. From four Different Geographical Regions","authors":"S. Iswarya, M. Sridevi, A. Mayavel","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8533","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, leaf, bark, twig and root samples of Gmelina arborea (Family: Verbenaceae) are taken from four\u0000different geographical regions in and around Tamil Nadu. The samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction with Methanol\u0000(MeOH) and n-Hexane. They were screened for the presence of phytochemicals and their respective concentrations were\u0000estimated and compared. Antioxidant activities of the selected samples were tested using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl\u0000(DPPH) Assay and Metal Chelation Assay. When compared to n-Hexane, All the samples of Methanol extract showed\u0000good concentrations of secondary metabolites, especially high phenol content (8.4- 4.4 mg/ml of MeOH extract). There\u0000were significant amounts of Alkaloids (2.6-0.1 mg/ml), Tannins (3- 0.1 mg/ml) and Saponins (8.2-0.2 mg/ml) though their\u0000concentration ranges were highly varying from sample to sample. The radical scavenging activity was stable and significant\u0000in all the samples from Area-3 and 4 with B3M the highest (71.51%). On a comparative scale, G.arborea samples from\u0000Area-3 and 4 (Farmers’ plantations) showed a good amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential thus forming a\u0000good line of trees for selection and breeding.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78503283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/ijpcr.v9i04.8534
M. Venkatesh, Divya Bandla
The demand for medical devices globally has raised the attention of government regulatory bodies to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these products. Developed markets, such as the United States and European Union, have set up wellestablished regulatory systems for medical devices, which have consistently been amended to accommodate the changing requirements of safety and the trend of globalization. The way in which devices are regulated in the European Union is very different from that of United States, especially in terms of the clinical data required for premarket approval. This has introduced significant differences in time-to-market approval for both United States and European Union, particularly in the case of high-risk Class III and Class IIb implantable devices. Systems for approving new medical devices must provide pathways to market important innovations besides ensuring that patients are adequately protected. To achieve these goals, the United States and the European Union use a combination of premarket testing and postmarket vigilance but with some marked contrasts in their approaches. Features of both environments require reform, as well as continuing research to assess policy changes which will benefit device manufacturers to develop devices which can be marketed both in US and EU simultaneously
{"title":"Regulatory Assessment of Premarket Approval of Medical Devices in US and EU","authors":"M. Venkatesh, Divya Bandla","doi":"10.25258/ijpcr.v9i04.8534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijpcr.v9i04.8534","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for medical devices globally has raised the attention of government regulatory bodies to ensure the safety and\u0000effectiveness of these products. Developed markets, such as the United States and European Union, have set up wellestablished\u0000regulatory systems for medical devices, which have consistently been amended to accommodate the\u0000changing requirements of safety and the trend of globalization. The way in which devices are regulated in the European\u0000Union is very different from that of United States, especially in terms of the clinical data required for premarket approval.\u0000This has introduced significant differences in time-to-market approval for both United States and European Union,\u0000particularly in the case of high-risk Class III and Class IIb implantable devices. Systems for approving new medical devices\u0000must provide pathways to market important innovations besides ensuring that patients are adequately protected. To achieve\u0000these goals, the United States and the European Union use a combination of premarket testing and postmarket vigilance\u0000but with some marked contrasts in their approaches. Features of both environments require reform, as well as continuing\u0000research to assess policy changes which will benefit device manufacturers to develop devices which can be marketed both\u0000in US and EU simultaneously","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91361974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8536
S. Alidadi, M. Moradi, M. Asadi-Samani, Z. Lorigooini
Different parts of Pistasia atlantica have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes in Iran. The aim of this study was to measurement and compare antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds of crude ethyl alcohol extract and four fractions of P. atlantica leaf. Crude ethyl alcohol extract of P. atlantica leaf was prepared using maceration method and subjected to fractionation with different polarity. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions was evaluated by the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol components were measured with Folin-Ciocaltiue and Chlorid Aluminum methods. According to the radical scavenging capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 1.54±0.12 µg/ml, followed by the chloroform fraction with higher percent inhibition of the DPPH with 3.4±0.11 µg/ml. The results are represented relative to a reference standard, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with IC50 value of 33.5±3.67μg/ml. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds with value of 532.73 and 355.14 mg GAE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that some fractions of P. atlantica leaf extract could be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants
{"title":"Antioxidant Potential and Total Phenolic Compounds of Extracts and Fractions of Pistasia atlantica","authors":"S. Alidadi, M. Moradi, M. Asadi-Samani, Z. Lorigooini","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8536","url":null,"abstract":"Different parts of Pistasia atlantica have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes in Iran. The aim of this\u0000study was to measurement and compare antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds of crude ethyl alcohol extract\u0000and four fractions of P. atlantica leaf. Crude ethyl alcohol extract of P. atlantica leaf was prepared using maceration\u0000method and subjected to fractionation with different polarity. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions was evaluated\u0000by the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and\u0000flavonol components were measured with Folin-Ciocaltiue and Chlorid Aluminum methods. According to the radical\u0000scavenging capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 1.54±0.12 µg/ml,\u0000followed by the chloroform fraction with higher percent inhibition of the DPPH with 3.4±0.11 µg/ml. The results are\u0000represented relative to a reference standard, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with IC50 value of 33.5±3.67μg/ml. Among\u0000these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds with\u0000value of 532.73 and 355.14 mg GAE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that some fractions of P. atlantica\u0000leaf extract could be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80545378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8539
S. Nayak, Dharindra Sawh, Brandon Scott, Vestra Sears, Kareshma Seebalack, M. Seenath, P. Singh, Ssati Seepersad, Vishan Seetahal, K. Ramsaroop
Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction","authors":"S. Nayak, Dharindra Sawh, Brandon Scott, Vestra Sears, Kareshma Seebalack, M. Seenath, P. Singh, Ssati Seepersad, Vishan Seetahal, K. Ramsaroop","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8539","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF)\u0000in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in\u0000diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular\u0000event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia\u0000and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted\u0000to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An\u0000echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients\u0000enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37\u0000were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced\u0000EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being:\u0000not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not\u0000rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was\u0000efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the\u0000diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90388207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8537
Ravindran Muthukumarasamy, N. Amran, Alifah Ilyana, D. Radhakrishnan
Oxidative stress is one of the vital factors which causes serious illness to humans. The reactive oxygen species also accelerates the aging process and antioxidants are crucial in daily diet as it will help to protect body from free radicals and their threats. The current study focuses on the comparison of antioxidant activity in the methanolic peels extract between two tomato species namely Solanum lycopersocum and Solanum lycopersocum var. Cerasiforme (cherry tomato). Tomatoes have abundant antioxidant properties and was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Methanolic extracts (by maceration method of extraction) of both peels showed high radical scavenging properties, however peels of Solanum lycopersocum var. cerasiforme proved to have higher antioxidant properties. The IC50 result revealed that methanolic peels extract of Solanum lycopersocum var. cerasiforme was found to be 619.14 µg/ml compared to Solanum lycopersocum with 697.16 µg/ml. Thus, the present study reveals that the peels of tomatoes exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for their medicinal and nutritional functions.
氧化应激是导致人类严重疾病的重要因素之一。活性氧也会加速衰老过程，抗氧化剂在日常饮食中是至关重要的，因为它有助于保护身体免受自由基及其威胁。本研究主要对两种番茄(Solanum lycopersocum和Solanum lycopersocum var. cerasiformme)甲醇皮提取物的抗氧化活性进行了比较。番茄具有丰富的抗氧化特性，并通过DPPH自由基清除试验进行了验证。两种果皮的甲醇提取物(浸渍法提取)均显示出较高的自由基清除性能，而茄皮具有较高的抗氧化性能。IC50结果显示，茄皮甲醇提取物含量为619.14µg/ml，而茄皮甲醇提取物含量为697.16µg/ml。因此，本研究表明，番茄皮具有很强的抗氧化活性，可能具有药用和营养功能。
{"title":"Comparison of Antioxidant Activity in the Methanolic Peels Extracts of Solanum lycopersocum and Solanum lycopersocum Var. Cerasiforme","authors":"Ravindran Muthukumarasamy, N. Amran, Alifah Ilyana, D. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8537","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is one of the vital factors which causes serious illness to humans. The reactive oxygen species also accelerates the aging process and antioxidants are crucial in daily diet as it will help to protect body from free radicals and their threats. The current study focuses on the comparison of antioxidant activity in the methanolic peels extract between two tomato species namely Solanum lycopersocum and Solanum lycopersocum var. Cerasiforme (cherry tomato). Tomatoes have abundant antioxidant properties and was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Methanolic extracts (by maceration method of extraction) of both peels showed high radical scavenging properties, however peels of Solanum lycopersocum var. cerasiforme proved to have higher antioxidant properties. The IC50 result revealed that methanolic peels extract of Solanum lycopersocum var. cerasiforme was found to be 619.14 µg/ml compared to Solanum lycopersocum with 697.16 µg/ml. Thus, the present study reveals that the peels of tomatoes exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for their medicinal and nutritional functions.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78443224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8538
Mahesh G. Kharatmol, Deepali M. Jagdale
Pyrazoline class of compounds serve as better moieties for an array of treatments, they have antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, diuretic, cardiovascular activities. Apart from these they also have anticancer activities. So, pertaining to its importance, many attempts are made to synthesize pyrazolines. Since conventional methods of organic synthesis are energy and time consuming. There are elaborate pathways for green and eco-friendly synthesis of pyrazoline derivatives including microwave irradiation, ultrasonic irradiation, grinding and use of ionic liquids which assures the synthesis of the same within much lesser time and by use of minimal energy
{"title":"Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Pyrazoline Derivatives","authors":"Mahesh G. Kharatmol, Deepali M. Jagdale","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8538","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrazoline class of compounds serve as better moieties for an array of treatments, they have antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory,\u0000antipyretic, diuretic, cardiovascular activities. Apart from these they also have anticancer activities. So,\u0000pertaining to its importance, many attempts are made to synthesize pyrazolines. Since conventional methods of organic\u0000synthesis are energy and time consuming. There are elaborate pathways for green and eco-friendly synthesis of pyrazoline\u0000derivatives including microwave irradiation, ultrasonic irradiation, grinding and use of ionic liquids which assures the\u0000synthesis of the same within much lesser time and by use of minimal energy","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79980456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8543
H. Gondo, H. Kusworini., W. Arsana, W. Sardjono
Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PEE) was the main cause of death in pregnancy. However, until now, this disease has no adequate medical prevention for lack of its basic molecular pathomechanism. In recent years, there are growing number of study has concern trophoblast apoptosis as important trigger. Thropoblast apoptosis has been shown in many report lead to trophoblast failure to invade into endometrial tissue. Invasion failure of trophoblast was characterized with high expression of IL-17 in its tissue. Spirulina arthrospira plant or also called blue-green algae has been consumed since by the Aztec tribe. Several studies have proven that this plant have the immunomodulation properties stimulate various immune functions such as production of cytokines, chemokines and other anti-inflammatory mediators. Its active bioactive Phycocyanin (PC) has been shown have an effect as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Previous study has been shown that this substance has beneficial effect in preeclampsia inhibition in rat models via its inflammatory reducing effect However, there are lack of information concerning its role in trophoblast IL-17. Hence, this study is conduct to reveal its role in IL-17 expression in trophoblast in preeclampsia. Methods. This research used animal models with PE/E pregnant rat. PE/E induced by IL-6 intravein at dose 5 ng/100 g/day body weight. Animals divided in 6 groups of treatment with two groups control and four groups of PC treatment in different dose. After decapitated, uterus tissue processed to view its IL-17 expression using immunofluoresnce Result. This study has proven IL-17 reducing effect of PC in preeclampsia model of pregnant rats induced by IL -6. PC has reducing IL-17 expression significantly in trophoblast tissue of pregnant rats models induced by IL-6 at dose of 40 ng/100 kg weight. Conclusion. This study confirm that PC has a protective effect on pregnant rats preeclampsia through its inhibiton of trophoblast IL-17.
{"title":"Phycocyanin Decrease Trophoblast Il-17 Expression in Preeclamptic Rat Models","authors":"H. Gondo, H. Kusworini., W. Arsana, W. Sardjono","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8543","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PEE) was the main cause of death in pregnancy. However, until now, this disease has no adequate medical prevention for lack of its basic molecular pathomechanism. In recent years, there are growing number of study has concern trophoblast apoptosis as important trigger. Thropoblast apoptosis has been shown in many report lead to trophoblast failure to invade into endometrial tissue. Invasion failure of trophoblast was characterized with high expression of IL-17 in its tissue. Spirulina arthrospira plant or also called blue-green algae has been consumed since by the Aztec tribe. Several studies have proven that this plant have the immunomodulation properties stimulate various immune functions such as production of cytokines, chemokines and other anti-inflammatory mediators. Its active bioactive Phycocyanin (PC) has been shown have an effect as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Previous study has been shown that this substance has beneficial effect in preeclampsia inhibition in rat models via its inflammatory reducing effect However, there are lack of information concerning its role in trophoblast IL-17. Hence, this study is conduct to reveal its role in IL-17 expression in trophoblast in preeclampsia. Methods. This research used animal models with PE/E pregnant rat. PE/E induced by IL-6 intravein at dose 5 ng/100 g/day body weight. Animals divided in 6 groups of treatment with two groups control and four groups of PC treatment in different dose. After decapitated, uterus tissue processed to view its IL-17 expression using immunofluoresnce Result. This study has proven IL-17 reducing effect of PC in preeclampsia model of pregnant rats induced by IL -6. PC has reducing IL-17 expression significantly in trophoblast tissue of pregnant rats models induced by IL-6 at dose of 40 ng/100 kg weight. Conclusion. This study confirm that PC has a protective effect on pregnant rats preeclampsia through its inhibiton of trophoblast IL-17.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8542
S. Mahfouz, M. Mohamed, A. Atteya, M. Ibrahim
Due to the ever increasing pressure on cultivated land the importance of intercropping in farming practices has been recognized. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of intercropping ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum lam) with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). For this purpose, a field experiment was arranged based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental farm of faculty of agriculture Cairo University at Giza, Egypt during two seasons of 2015 and 2016. The experimental treatments were planting patterns (sole crop of rye or fenugreek and intercropping ratios of 1 rye: 1 fenugreek, 2 rye: 1 fenugreek and 1 rye: 2 fenugreek). Results showed that intercropping system had positive effects on ryegrass yield. Moreover, the planting ratio of 2 rye: 1 fenugreek gave the maximum values of ryegrass fresh and dry yield in both cuts compared with the other treatments of the sole crop and the other intercropping ratios in the first and second season, respectively. The application of sole crop had the highest fenugreek fresh and dry yield and seed yield too in both seasons compared with other treatments, respectively. While, the maximum significant levels of chemical contents (oil and protein percentage) of fenugreek seeds were found with the sole fenugreek crop and the intercropping ratio of 1 rye: 2fenugreek, respectively as compared with the other treatments but the differences between the fenugreek sole crop and the other studied intercropping system in the percentage of trigoniline were insignificant in both seasons, respectively. The maximum significant values of competitive ratio (CR) and aggresivity (A) for rye grass crop was found in the pattern ratio of 1rye: 2 fenugreek in both seasons, respectively. While the same situation was recorded with fenugreek crop in the pattern ratio of 2 rye: 1 fenugreek in both seasons, respectively. The highest total land equivalent ratio (LER) (3.08 and 2.98 for the first and second seasons, respectively) was obtained by sowing the crops in the intercrop ratio of 2 rye: 1 fenugreek and the lowest total LER (2.57and 2.48 in both seasons, respectively) was obtained by using the intercrop ratio of 1 rye: 1 fenugreek. In addition, all intercropping treatments in both seasons, respectively gave values of LER for rye grass or fenugreek or both of them more than one. These findings suggest that intercropping of fenugreek and ryegrass increased the total productivity per unit area.
{"title":"Impact of Intercropping System on Yield and Quality of Lolium Multiflorum and Trigonella foenum-graecuml","authors":"S. Mahfouz, M. Mohamed, A. Atteya, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8542","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the ever increasing pressure on cultivated land the importance of intercropping in farming practices has been\u0000recognized. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of intercropping ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum lam) with\u0000fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). For this purpose, a field experiment was arranged based on randomized\u0000complete block design with three replications at the experimental farm of faculty of agriculture Cairo University at Giza,\u0000Egypt during two seasons of 2015 and 2016. The experimental treatments were planting patterns (sole crop of rye or\u0000fenugreek and intercropping ratios of 1 rye: 1 fenugreek, 2 rye: 1 fenugreek and 1 rye: 2 fenugreek). Results showed that\u0000intercropping system had positive effects on ryegrass yield. Moreover, the planting ratio of 2 rye: 1 fenugreek gave the\u0000maximum values of ryegrass fresh and dry yield in both cuts compared with the other treatments of the sole crop and the\u0000other intercropping ratios in the first and second season, respectively. The application of sole crop had the highest fenugreek\u0000fresh and dry yield and seed yield too in both seasons compared with other treatments, respectively. While, the maximum\u0000significant levels of chemical contents (oil and protein percentage) of fenugreek seeds were found with the sole fenugreek\u0000crop and the intercropping ratio of 1 rye: 2fenugreek, respectively as compared with the other treatments but the differences\u0000between the fenugreek sole crop and the other studied intercropping system in the percentage of trigoniline were\u0000insignificant in both seasons, respectively. The maximum significant values of competitive ratio (CR) and aggresivity (A)\u0000for rye grass crop was found in the pattern ratio of 1rye: 2 fenugreek in both seasons, respectively. While the same situation\u0000was recorded with fenugreek crop in the pattern ratio of 2 rye: 1 fenugreek in both seasons, respectively. The highest total\u0000land equivalent ratio (LER) (3.08 and 2.98 for the first and second seasons, respectively) was obtained by sowing the crops\u0000in the intercrop ratio of 2 rye: 1 fenugreek and the lowest total LER (2.57and 2.48 in both seasons, respectively) was\u0000obtained by using the intercrop ratio of 1 rye: 1 fenugreek. In addition, all intercropping treatments in both seasons,\u0000respectively gave values of LER for rye grass or fenugreek or both of them more than one. These findings suggest that\u0000intercropping of fenugreek and ryegrass increased the total productivity per unit area.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80419053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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