Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8541
Hapsari R N, Asmaningsih N., Padolo E., Yulistiani
Background The use of high dose and long-term prednisone as glucocorticoid in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome patients can cause the suppressive effect on endogenous steroid production, namely HPA axis suppression which is characterized by the decrease of ACTH levels. This can decrease cortisol levels so can affect metabolism process, immune response, and brain function. Objective To analyze ACTH levels in the induction and alternating phase, and to relate with the patient’s condition both clinical and laboratory data. Methods ACTH levels were measured before and after induction phase and four weeks after alternating phase at 08.00-09.30 a.m. Results 15 patients consisted of 9 boys and 6 girls showed there were no significant differences between ACTH levels in each phase. ACTH levels were increased 23.6% from 22.2 ± 13.1 pg/mL to 27.4 ± 23.0 pg/mL during the induction phase (p>0.05) and alternating phase also showed that ACTH levels were increased 1.7% from 27.4 ± 23.0 pg/mL to 27.9 ± 22.2 pg/mL (p>0.05). The clinical manifestation of HPA axis suppression such as hypoglycemia, hypotension, weight loss, appetite loss, and acute dehydration were not found in the patients. Weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain were found only 7% after the induction phase. Conclusion HPA axis suppression did not occur after the high dose and long-term prednisone therapy in the induction and alternating phase which showed ACTH levels average in normal range. It was also supported by the absence of clinical and laboratory data that showed signs of HPA axis suppression.
{"title":"Analysis of ACTH Levels After High Dose and Long-Term Prednisone Therapy in Children with Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome","authors":"Hapsari R N, Asmaningsih N., Padolo E., Yulistiani","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8541","url":null,"abstract":"Background The use of high dose and long-term prednisone as glucocorticoid in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome\u0000patients can cause the suppressive effect on endogenous steroid production, namely HPA axis suppression which is\u0000characterized by the decrease of ACTH levels. This can decrease cortisol levels so can affect metabolism process,\u0000immune response, and brain function. Objective To analyze ACTH levels in the induction and alternating phase, and to\u0000relate with the patient’s condition both clinical and laboratory data. Methods ACTH levels were measured before and\u0000after induction phase and four weeks after alternating phase at 08.00-09.30 a.m. Results 15 patients consisted of 9 boys\u0000and 6 girls showed there were no significant differences between ACTH levels in each phase. ACTH levels were\u0000increased 23.6% from 22.2 ± 13.1 pg/mL to 27.4 ± 23.0 pg/mL during the induction phase (p>0.05) and alternating phase\u0000also showed that ACTH levels were increased 1.7% from 27.4 ± 23.0 pg/mL to 27.9 ± 22.2 pg/mL (p>0.05). The clinical\u0000manifestation of HPA axis suppression such as hypoglycemia, hypotension, weight loss, appetite loss, and acute\u0000dehydration were not found in the patients. Weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain were found only\u00007% after the induction phase. Conclusion HPA axis suppression did not occur after the high dose and long-term\u0000prednisone therapy in the induction and alternating phase which showed ACTH levels average in normal range. It was\u0000also supported by the absence of clinical and laboratory data that showed signs of HPA axis suppression.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"30 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76486057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8535
Cambyz Irajie, Milad Mohkam, Navid Nezafat, F. Mohammadi, Y. Ghasemi
Nattokinase or subtilisin NAT (EC 3.4.21.62) is one of the most remarkable enzymes produced by Bacillus subtilis sp. Natto, which posses direct fibrinolytic activity. The aim of this study is in silico analysis of Nattokinase structure and function. The three-dimensional structure of serine protease Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis sp. natto was determined using homology modeling performed by Geno3D2 Web Server and refined by ModRefiner. The obtained models were validated via programs such as RAMPAGE, ERRAT, 3D Match and verify 3D for consistency; moreover, functional analysis performed by PFP from Kihara Bioinformatics laboratory. RAMPAGE analysis showed that 96.7% of the residues are located in the favored region, 3.0% in allowed region and 0.4% in outlier region of the Ramachandran plot. The verify 3D value of 0.73 indicates that the environmental sketch of the model is fine. SOPMA and PSIPRED were exploited for computation of the secondary structural properties of serine protease Nattokinase. Active site determination via AADS suggested that this enzyme can be applied as a potent enzyme for cardiovascular therapy. However, these results should be more confirmed by wet lab researches for designing the more active enzyme for better functions on its fibrinolysis activity.
纳豆激酶(Nattokinase或subtilisin NAT, EC 3.4.21.62)是由纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis sp.Natto)产生的最显著的酶之一，具有直接的纤溶活性。本研究的目的是对纳豆激酶的结构和功能进行计算机分析。利用gen3d2 Web Server和ModRefiner进行同源性建模，确定了枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆丝氨酸蛋白酶纳豆激酶的三维结构。通过RAMPAGE、ERRAT、3D Match等程序对得到的模型进行验证，验证3D的一致性;此外，通过Kihara生物信息学实验室的PFP进行功能分析。RAMPAGE分析表明，Ramachandran样地96.7%的残差位于有利区，3.0%位于允许区，0.4%位于离群区。verify3D值为0.73表示模型的环境草图是良好的。利用SOPMA和PSIPRED计算丝氨酸蛋白酶纳豆激酶的二级结构性质。aads检测表明该酶可作为一种有效的心血管治疗酶。然而，这些结果需要通过湿实验室研究来进一步证实，以便设计出更有活性的酶来更好地发挥其纤溶活性。
{"title":"In silico analysis of Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis sp natto","authors":"Cambyz Irajie, Milad Mohkam, Navid Nezafat, F. Mohammadi, Y. Ghasemi","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I04.8535","url":null,"abstract":"Nattokinase or subtilisin NAT (EC 3.4.21.62) is one of the most remarkable enzymes produced by Bacillus subtilis sp.\u0000Natto, which posses direct fibrinolytic activity. The aim of this study is in silico analysis of Nattokinase structure and\u0000function. The three-dimensional structure of serine protease Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis sp. natto was determined\u0000using homology modeling performed by Geno3D2 Web Server and refined by ModRefiner. The obtained models were\u0000validated via programs such as RAMPAGE, ERRAT, 3D Match and verify 3D for consistency; moreover, functional\u0000analysis performed by PFP from Kihara Bioinformatics laboratory. RAMPAGE analysis showed that 96.7% of the residues\u0000are located in the favored region, 3.0% in allowed region and 0.4% in outlier region of the Ramachandran plot. The verify\u00003D value of 0.73 indicates that the environmental sketch of the model is fine. SOPMA and PSIPRED were exploited for\u0000computation of the secondary structural properties of serine protease Nattokinase. Active site determination via AADS\u0000suggested that this enzyme can be applied as a potent enzyme for cardiovascular therapy. However, these results should be\u0000more confirmed by wet lab researches for designing the more active enzyme for better functions on its fibrinolysis activity.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74269741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8315
P. Kumar, R. Elangaimannan
The study was conducted to evolve Gloriosa superba for yield characters and alkalodi content for selecting elite genotypes for comercial exploitatio n. The genotypes were sowm in Variyankaval village, Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu. The highest mean value for fresh and dry seed yield was observed in Chittor local. The genotype Mulanur local has recorded the highest mean value for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod and Arupukotai local excelled the general mean for the traits seeds per pod, fresh and dry seed yield and also for tuber characters. An investigation was carried out to quantify the colchicine (alkaloid) present in tubers by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The genotypes collected from Arupukotai recorded the highest colchicine content (0.760 mg/g) followed by Chittoor (0.578 mg/g) and Mulanur (0.496 mg/g) and there by these three genotypes were utilized for further crop improvement.
{"title":"Evaluation of Gloriosa superba for Yield Attributing Characters and Quantification of Colchicine Originated from Different Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh","authors":"P. Kumar, R. Elangaimannan","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8315","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evolve Gloriosa superba for yield characters and alkalodi content for\u0000selecting elite genotypes for comercial exploitatio n. The genotypes were sowm in Variyankaval village,\u0000Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu. The highest mean value for fresh and dry seed yield was observed\u0000in Chittor local. The genotype Mulanur local has recorded the highest mean value for number of pods per plant and\u0000number of seeds per pod and Arupukotai local excelled the general mean for the traits seeds per pod, fresh and dry seed\u0000yield and also for tuber characters.\u0000An investigation was carried out to quantify the colchicine (alkaloid) present in tubers\u0000by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The genotypes collected from Arupukotai recorded the\u0000highest colchicine content (0.760 mg/g) followed by Chittoor (0.578 mg/g) and Mulanur (0.496 mg/g) and there by these\u0000three genotypes were utilized for further crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75576830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8328
AlSaif Batool, Aljarrash Majeda
Placenta accreta refers to an abnormality of placental implantation in which the anchoring placental villi attach to myometrium rather than decidua, resulting in a morbidly adherent placenta . It is a life-threatening diagnosis increasing in number due to the growing number of caesarean sections. For most patients, the method of choice is elective cesarean section followed by hysterectomy. For women who wish to preserve fertility, a conservative procedure may be considered. Almost all reported cases have known major risk factors which are previous caesarean section , current placenta previa , previous uterine surgery and known uterine anomalies .We report here an extremely rare case of recurrent focal placental accreta in 35 years old Saudi female, G3P2+0. 39 weeks pregnant, previous 1 cesarean section, breech with current focal accreta discovered late at 38wk +.Our case doesn’t have known major or even controversial minor risk factors in her 1 accreta.Risk factors for the second accreta were previous focal accreta at fundus and previous 1. In addition this is a successful uterine conservation for the 2 time with no complications apart from mild bleeding of 2 liters(the average usual bleeding is 6100 ). known complications for placental accreta include:Severe vaginal bleeding: 53 %, Sepsis: 6%, Secondary hysterectomy: 19% , death: 0.3 % 1 .Cesarean-hysterectomy is the best management of placenta accreta because it has reduced mortality and morbidity as well as injuries to nearby organs and hospital stay. It is important to report this case in order to keep in mind screening for suspicious of placenta accreta during perinatal US even if the patient has no risk factors in order to have planned delivery which will improve the mother and fetal outcome including most importantly decreasing the mortality rate due to postpartum hemorrhage and will increase the likelihood of successful uterine conservation especially in low parity patient.
{"title":"Successful Conservative Management of Recurrent Focal Placenta Accreta, A Case Study","authors":"AlSaif Batool, Aljarrash Majeda","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8328","url":null,"abstract":"Placenta accreta refers to an abnormality of placental implantation in which the anchoring placental villi attach to myometrium rather than decidua, resulting in a morbidly adherent placenta . It is a life-threatening diagnosis increasing in number due to the growing number of caesarean sections. For most patients, the method of choice is elective cesarean section followed by hysterectomy. For women who wish to preserve fertility, a conservative procedure may be considered. Almost all reported cases have known major risk factors which are previous caesarean section , current placenta previa , previous uterine surgery and known uterine anomalies .We report here an extremely rare case of recurrent focal placental accreta in 35 years old Saudi female, G3P2+0. 39 weeks pregnant, previous 1 cesarean section, breech with current focal accreta discovered late at 38wk +.Our case doesn’t have known major or even controversial minor risk factors in her 1 accreta.Risk factors for the second accreta were previous focal accreta at fundus and previous 1. In addition this is a successful uterine conservation for the 2 time with no complications apart from mild bleeding of 2 liters(the average usual bleeding is 6100 ). known complications for placental accreta include:Severe vaginal bleeding: 53 %, Sepsis: 6%, Secondary hysterectomy: 19% , death: 0.3 % 1 .Cesarean-hysterectomy is the best management of placenta accreta because it has reduced mortality and morbidity as well as injuries to nearby organs and hospital stay. It is important to report this case in order to keep in mind screening for suspicious of placenta accreta during perinatal US even if the patient has no risk factors in order to have planned delivery which will improve the mother and fetal outcome including most importantly decreasing the mortality rate due to postpartum hemorrhage and will increase the likelihood of successful uterine conservation especially in low parity patient.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"503 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74044639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8321
V. Viswanad, P. Anand, P. Shammika
Riluzole (Rilutek®) is currently achieved usingoff indication among the treatment of medical conditions in adult patients and a lot of and a lot ofchildren. The scientist has gained more interest in the excitotoxic hypothesis in neurodegenerative disease. Riluzole blocks glutamatergic neurotransmission and inhibits the liberation of aminoalkanoic acid from corticostriatal neurons in-vivo. The effects of riluzole may be due to the effect of aminoalkanoic acid that results in the inactivation of voltage-dependent metal channels terminals in resemblance with the activation of a G-protein-dependent signal transduction technique along with the blocking of postsynaptic effectsby accommodating blockade of Nmethybaspartate (NMDA) receptors. Riluzole has neuroprotective properties which is responsible for the inhibition of the ischemia-evoked surge in aminoalkanoic acid that effect the glutamic-acid-uptake inhibitors.
{"title":"Advancement of Riluzole in Neurodegenerative Disease","authors":"V. Viswanad, P. Anand, P. Shammika","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8321","url":null,"abstract":"Riluzole (Rilutek®) is currently achieved usingoff indication among the treatment of medical conditions in adult patients and a lot of and a lot ofchildren. The scientist has gained more interest in the excitotoxic hypothesis in neurodegenerative disease. Riluzole blocks glutamatergic neurotransmission and inhibits the liberation of aminoalkanoic acid from corticostriatal neurons in-vivo. The effects of riluzole may be due to the effect of aminoalkanoic acid that results in the inactivation of voltage-dependent metal channels terminals in resemblance with the activation of a G-protein-dependent signal transduction technique along with the blocking of postsynaptic effectsby accommodating blockade of Nmethybaspartate (NMDA) receptors. Riluzole has neuroprotective properties which is responsible for the inhibition of the ischemia-evoked surge in aminoalkanoic acid that effect the glutamic-acid-uptake inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83339890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8314
W. Widjiati, A. Aulanni’am, V. Hendrawan
The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of cumulus oocyte complex (COC) after vitrification process toward apotosis of COC, fertilization rate and embryo quality. Frozen occurs during the cold shock that can lead to changes in the molecular level COC. These changes will affect the quality of frozen thawed oocytes after COC. The study used two groups, There are COC not frozen and frozen COC. Parameter observed were apotosis of blastomere cells, fertilization rate and embryo quality. Apoptosis of COC were observed with tunnel apoptec staining, fertilization rates were measured based on number of zygotes and embryo quality were observed through number of blastocyst. The data of apotosis of blastomere cells were analyzed by Kruscal Wallis. The result showed that the apoptosis number, fertilization rate, and morula number between are significantly (p less than 0.05) between groups. The administration of frozen COC increase number of apoptotic blastomer cells, decreased fertilization rate up to 51.1% and embryo quality up to 69.2 %. In conclusion, Frozen on COC increased apotosis of COC, decreased both of fertilization rate and embryo quality. The embryo Frozen of vitrification is required in the ART technology necessary to add an antioxidant to improve the fertilization rate and embryo quality
{"title":"The Effect of Vitrification of Oocytes Cumulus Complex Apoptosis of Mice (Mus musculus) to Apoptosis, Rate of Fertilization and Embryo Quality","authors":"W. Widjiati, A. Aulanni’am, V. Hendrawan","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8314","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of cumulus oocyte complex (COC) after vitrification process\u0000toward apotosis of COC, fertilization rate and embryo quality. Frozen occurs during the cold shock that can lead to\u0000changes in the molecular level COC. These changes will affect the quality of frozen thawed oocytes after COC. The\u0000study used two groups, There are COC not frozen and frozen COC. Parameter observed were apotosis of blastomere\u0000cells, fertilization rate and embryo quality. Apoptosis of COC were observed with tunnel apoptec staining, fertilization\u0000rates were measured based on number of zygotes and embryo quality were observed through number of blastocyst. The\u0000data of apotosis of blastomere cells were analyzed by Kruscal Wallis. The result showed that the apoptosis number,\u0000fertilization rate, and morula number between are significantly (p less than 0.05) between groups. The administration of frozen\u0000COC increase number of apoptotic blastomer cells, decreased fertilization rate up to 51.1% and embryo quality up to\u000069.2 %. In conclusion, Frozen on COC increased apotosis of COC, decreased both of fertilization rate and embryo\u0000quality. The embryo Frozen of vitrification is required in the ART technology necessary to add an antioxidant to improve\u0000the fertilization rate and embryo quality","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79641132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8316
R. Rai, M. Easwaran, K. Dhivya
Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde.
{"title":"Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Detail Reproduction of Dental Stone after Immersion in Various Different Disinfectant Solutions, Under Stereomicroscope 10 X Magnification –An In-Vitro Study","authors":"R. Rai, M. Easwaran, K. Dhivya","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8316","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84045884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8319
M. Noshy, A. Saad-Hussein, Eman M. Shahy, H. El-Shorbagy, M. Taha, Ebtesam A. Abdel-Shafy
Among the numerous pesticides, anticholinesterase compounds are widely used. Their toxicity induced by cholinesterase inhibition at the synapses and neuromuscular junctions, leading to neurological disorders. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) has been used as sensitive biomarkers for pesticides exposure. In the present study, AChE and BuChE levels were estimated in agricultural workers exposed to carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides with average 9.8±3.5 years relative to the controls. The toxic effects of pesticides may be attributed to induction of oxidative stress and alteration in antioxidant system. Our results showed significant decrease in AChE and BuChE levels with inhibition percentage of 39% and 61% respectively, in exposed workers than controls. Additionally, there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker. Concerning antioxidant status, there was significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while there were significant increases in activity of glutathione dependent enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transeferase (GST). On the other hands, there were significant decreases in enzymatic antioxidants, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. A negative correlation was found between BuChE activity and MDA levels. So, it was concluded that evaluation of BuChE inhibition may be sensitive tool for assessing the risk of oxidative stress induced after occupational pesticides exposure.
{"title":"Assessment of Anticholinesterase Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Carbamate and Organophosphorus PesticidesExposed Agricultural Workers","authors":"M. Noshy, A. Saad-Hussein, Eman M. Shahy, H. El-Shorbagy, M. Taha, Ebtesam A. Abdel-Shafy","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8319","url":null,"abstract":"Among the numerous pesticides, anticholinesterase compounds are widely used. Their toxicity induced by cholinesterase inhibition at the synapses and neuromuscular junctions, leading to neurological disorders. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) has been used as sensitive biomarkers for pesticides exposure. In the present study, AChE and BuChE levels were estimated in agricultural workers exposed to carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides with average 9.8±3.5 years relative to the controls. The toxic effects of pesticides may be attributed to induction of oxidative stress and alteration in antioxidant system. Our results showed significant decrease in AChE and BuChE levels with inhibition percentage of 39% and 61% respectively, in exposed workers than controls. Additionally, there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker. Concerning antioxidant status, there was significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while there were significant increases in activity of glutathione dependent enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transeferase (GST). On the other hands, there were significant decreases in enzymatic antioxidants, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. A negative correlation was found between BuChE activity and MDA levels. So, it was concluded that evaluation of BuChE inhibition may be sensitive tool for assessing the risk of oxidative stress induced after occupational pesticides exposure.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84483336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8320
A. Firmansyah, W. Winingsih, S. SoebaraY
Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited. This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua, Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered . The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee. Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.
{"title":"The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder","authors":"A. Firmansyah, W. Winingsih, S. SoebaraY","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8320","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system\u0000of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high\u0000performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of\u0000FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited.\u0000This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee\u0000samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua,\u0000Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered .\u0000The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe\u0000crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model\u0000was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are\u0000similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee.\u0000Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has\u0000a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86149455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8318
A. Aulanni’am, W. Tyasningsih, D. Wuragil, F. Rantam
Brucellosis is a disease that can be prevented through vaccination. Yet, the effectiveness of the vaccination to fight this disease is considered weak. Fortunately, attempts to modify brucellosis vaccine is still keep going. Some brucellosis vaccines have been found and developed in the past time such as the vaccine B.abortus strain 19-BA and 104M which was made from weakened microbes which had been widely used in Uni Soviet and China. The other brucellosis vaccine that were used in the past were the phenolinsoluble peptidoglycan vaccine which was made in France and polysaccharideprotein vaccine which was used in Russia. This research attempted to see the determinant of antigenic Outer Membrane Protein (OM) 36 kDa Brucella abortus local isolation which has immunogenic character to be developed as an advanced brucellosis vaccine. The method used in this research was the Omp2 gene of Brucella abortus of local isolate employed the PCR technique. The result of the PCR was then sequenced to analyze the determinant antigenic and the bounding prediction of either the T cell or the B cell which were responsible for immune response. The result of this study showed that the gen Omp2 which encoded the OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus of local isolation with primary JPF 5’ GCG CTC AGG CTG CCG ACG CAA 3’ and JPR 5’ CAT TGC GGT CGG TAC CGG AG 3’ targeted the gene 162 bp, was then translated into amino acids to be later undergo the in silico test using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method. The epitope prediction resulted were MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI and TETCLRVHGYVRYD. The result of the epitope prediction of MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI showed that there was a bond with MHC I in YGAGYFYI of the 8 amino acid series to the 15 series, while the epitope prediction of TETCLRVHGYVRYD showed that there was a bond to the ETCLRVHGY of the series of amino acids number 2 to 10. Bond with MHC II existed in the amino acid series of MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI, while the bond with the B cells existed in BCSAYGA and CLRVHG amino acid series. This research has been successful in predicting the epitope of the OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus of local isolate which had immunogenic characteristic for its ability to bond with the MHC I, MHC II and B cells.
{"title":"Development of Brucellosis Vaccine Based on Determinant Antigenic of Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) 36 kDa From Brucella abortus Local Isolate","authors":"A. Aulanni’am, W. Tyasningsih, D. Wuragil, F. Rantam","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I3.8318","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a disease that can be prevented through vaccination. Yet, the effectiveness of the vaccination to fight this disease is considered weak. Fortunately, attempts to modify brucellosis vaccine is still keep going. Some brucellosis vaccines have been found and developed in the past time such as the vaccine B.abortus strain 19-BA and 104M which was made from weakened microbes which had been widely used in Uni Soviet and China. The other brucellosis vaccine that were used in the past were the phenolinsoluble peptidoglycan vaccine which was made in France and polysaccharideprotein vaccine which was used in Russia. This research attempted to see the determinant of antigenic Outer Membrane Protein (OM) 36 kDa Brucella abortus local isolation which has immunogenic character to be developed as an advanced brucellosis vaccine. The method used in this research was the Omp2 gene of Brucella abortus of local isolate employed the PCR technique. The result of the PCR was then sequenced to analyze the determinant antigenic and the bounding prediction of either the T cell or the B cell which were responsible for immune response. The result of this study showed that the gen Omp2 which encoded the OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus of local isolation with primary JPF 5’ GCG CTC AGG CTG CCG ACG CAA 3’ and JPR 5’ CAT TGC GGT CGG TAC CGG AG 3’ targeted the gene 162 bp, was then translated into amino acids to be later undergo the in silico test using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method. The epitope prediction resulted were MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI and TETCLRVHGYVRYD. The result of the epitope prediction of MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI showed that there was a bond with MHC I in YGAGYFYI of the 8 amino acid series to the 15 series, while the epitope prediction of TETCLRVHGYVRYD showed that there was a bond to the ETCLRVHGY of the series of amino acids number 2 to 10. Bond with MHC II existed in the amino acid series of MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI, while the bond with the B cells existed in BCSAYGA and CLRVHG amino acid series. This research has been successful in predicting the epitope of the OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus of local isolate which had immunogenic characteristic for its ability to bond with the MHC I, MHC II and B cells.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78176245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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