We quantify the importance of firm-specific human capital in explaining workers' career choices. We develop a model that allows workers to accumulate both portable and non-portable human capital through their work experience and learn about their match quality with current employers over time. We also allow bankers to choose between firms that offer different levels of portability and production efficiency. The model is estimated to match banker career data in the M&A advisory industry, which is populated by bulge bracket and boutique firms. Our estimation suggests that bankers in boutique firms accumulate less portable human capital but enjoy higher efficiency. Such a trade-off explains why bankers are more likely to choose bulge bracket banks at the start of their careers but increasingly migrate to boutique banks when they become more seasoned. We also gauge the extent to which non-portable human capital affects labor allocation and shapes industry structure.
{"title":"Human Capital Portability and Worker Career Choices: Evidence from M&A Bankers","authors":"Janet Gao, Wenyu Wang, Yufeng Wu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3724657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724657","url":null,"abstract":"We quantify the importance of firm-specific human capital in explaining workers' career choices. We develop a model that allows workers to accumulate both portable and non-portable human capital through their work experience and learn about their match quality with current employers over time. We also allow bankers to choose between firms that offer different levels of portability and production efficiency. The model is estimated to match banker career data in the M&A advisory industry, which is populated by bulge bracket and boutique firms. Our estimation suggests that bankers in boutique firms accumulate less portable human capital but enjoy higher efficiency. Such a trade-off explains why bankers are more likely to choose bulge bracket banks at the start of their careers but increasingly migrate to boutique banks when they become more seasoned. We also gauge the extent to which non-portable human capital affects labor allocation and shapes industry structure.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114532419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A tractable model with infinitely lived agents is constructed for the examination of bubbles and unemployment. It is demonstrated that the presence of bubbles stimulates capital accumulation and reduces unemployment. The presence of bubbles also changes the effects of government policies that target unemployment and welfare conditions in the labor market. The main findings are as follows: (i)the presence of bubbles is more beneficial to an economy with severe credit constraints; (ii)the presence of bubbles mitigates the negative effects of taxation and unemployment benefits on unemployment and welfare;and (iii)these mitigation effects decrease as credit constraints are relaxed.
{"title":"Asset Bubbles, Unemployment, and Financial Market Frictions","authors":"Ken-Ichi Hashimoto, Ryonghun Im, Takuma Kunieda, Akihisa Shibata","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3667416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3667416","url":null,"abstract":"A tractable model with infinitely lived agents is constructed for the examination of bubbles and unemployment. It is demonstrated that the presence of bubbles stimulates capital accumulation and reduces unemployment. The presence of bubbles also changes the effects of government policies that target unemployment and welfare conditions in the labor market. The main findings are as follows: (i)the presence of bubbles is more beneficial to an economy with severe credit constraints; (ii)the presence of bubbles mitigates the negative effects of taxation and unemployment benefits on unemployment and welfare;and (iii)these mitigation effects decrease as credit constraints are relaxed.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126730155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider a persuasion model in which a sender wants to persuade an organization to implement a project of unknown quality. We analyze whether the principal of the organization can benefit from delegating authority to a biased agent who is uninformed about the merits of the project. We show that the principal can use delegation as a commitment device to incentivize the sender to produce more informative evidence about the merits of the project. Although delegation allows the agent to implement projects that the principal does not like, the improvement of evidence quality can dominate the costs, making the organization better off.
{"title":"Bayesian Persuasion and Authority in Organizations","authors":"Cheng Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3309376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3309376","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a persuasion model in which a sender wants to persuade an organization to implement a project of unknown quality. We analyze whether the principal of the organization can benefit from delegating authority to a biased agent who is uninformed about the merits of the project. We show that the principal can use delegation as a commitment device to incentivize the sender to produce more informative evidence about the merits of the project. Although delegation allows the agent to implement projects that the principal does not like, the improvement of evidence quality can dominate the costs, making the organization better off.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Horen Voskeritsian, Panos Kapotas, Andreas Kornelakis, Michail Veliziotis
Recent scholarly work has shifted its attention from the prevalence of the shadow economy in less developed country contexts, towards an examination of the incidence of undeclared work within developed European economies. However, little is known about the interaction between institutional changes and their interplay with the informal sector of the labor market. This study attempts a first empirical examination of the incidence and prevalence of undeclared work in the case of Greece during the economic recession. It unpacks the different manifestations of this phenomenon, namely, the under-declaration of employment, the false declaration of employment and the non-payment of wages or salaries. It is argued that the state and civil morality framework as well as the changing power dynamics in the labor market can help explain to a large extent the prevalence and proliferation of undeclared work during the crisis.
{"title":"The Dark Side of the Labour Market: Institutional Change, Economic Crisis and Undeclared Work in Greece during the Crisis","authors":"Horen Voskeritsian, Panos Kapotas, Andreas Kornelakis, Michail Veliziotis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3693974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3693974","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarly work has shifted its attention from the prevalence of the shadow economy in less developed country contexts, towards an examination of the incidence of undeclared work within developed European economies. However, little is known about the interaction between institutional changes and their interplay with the informal sector of the labor market. This study attempts a first empirical examination of the incidence and prevalence of undeclared work in the case of Greece during the economic recession. It unpacks the different manifestations of this phenomenon, namely, the under-declaration of employment, the false declaration of employment and the non-payment of wages or salaries. It is argued that the state and civil morality framework as well as the changing power dynamics in the labor market can help explain to a large extent the prevalence and proliferation of undeclared work during the crisis.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117165251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows that in a perfectly stationary physical environment of the labor market, moral hazard and competition in long-term contracts can generate cycles in the tightness of the market, which in turn may induce job creation and destruction, and two periods or much longer cycles in employment and output. We claim that the model may shed light on the unemployment volatility puzzle, which has inspired many discussions in the literature.
{"title":"Endogenous Labor Market Cycles","authors":"Yunan Li, Cheng Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3251664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3251664","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that in a perfectly stationary physical environment of the labor market, moral hazard and competition in long-term contracts can generate cycles in the tightness of the market, which in turn may induce job creation and destruction, and two periods or much longer cycles in employment and output. We claim that the model may shed light on the unemployment volatility puzzle, which has inspired many discussions in the literature.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"72 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120819611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russian Abstract: Одним из основных механизмов, с помощью которого государство регулирует размеры заработных плат, является величина минимального размера оплаты труда (МРОТ). С начала 2018 года из МРОТ были, во-первых, исключены районные коэффициенты, во-вторых, федеральный МРОТ был доведен до уровня прожиточного минимума трудоспособного населения. В свете реформы 2018 года, важно проанализировать механизмы влияния федеральных и региональных МРОТ на рынок труда и уровень бедности.
English Abstract: One of the main mechanisms by which the state regulates the size of wages, is the value of the minimum wage. From the beginning of 2018, first of all, regional coefficients were excluded from the minimum wage, and secondly, the federal minimum wage was raised to the level of the subsistence minimum of the able-bodied population. In the light of the reform of 2018, it is important to analyze the mechanisms of the influence of federal and regional minimum wages on the labor market and the level of poverty.
{"title":"Влияние минимального размера оплаты труда на рынок труда и уровень бедности в России (The Impact of the Minimum Wage on the Labor Market and the Level of Poverty in Russia)","authors":"M. Lopatina, Victor Lyashok","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3347106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3347106","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Одним из основных механизмов, с помощью которого государство регулирует размеры заработных плат, является величина минимального размера оплаты труда (МРОТ). С начала 2018 года из МРОТ были, во-первых, исключены районные коэффициенты, во-вторых, федеральный МРОТ был доведен до уровня прожиточного минимума трудоспособного населения. В свете реформы 2018 года, важно проанализировать механизмы влияния федеральных и региональных МРОТ на рынок труда и уровень бедности.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> One of the main mechanisms by which the state regulates the size of wages, is the value of the minimum wage. From the beginning of 2018, first of all, regional coefficients were excluded from the minimum wage, and secondly, the federal minimum wage was raised to the level of the subsistence minimum of the able-bodied population. In the light of the reform of 2018, it is important to analyze the mechanisms of the influence of federal and regional minimum wages on the labor market and the level of poverty.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121468644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goal set by May Executive order of the President to reduce poverty by twofold will require not only growth of real wages and real incomes of population but also modification of the social support system for improving its targeting. This transformation has already started in the regions of Russia with more measures of social support accounting income of recipient or household.
{"title":"Social Support of the Population: Improving Targeting","authors":"E. Grishina, Elena Tsatsura (Kovalenko)","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3290551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3290551","url":null,"abstract":"Goal set by May Executive order of the President to reduce poverty by twofold will require not only growth of real wages and real incomes of population but also modification of the social support system for improving its targeting. This transformation has already started in the regions of Russia with more measures of social support accounting income of recipient or household.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"455 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129425494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2017, the labor market was recovering after the crisis: the rate of unemployment declined and wages increased. Recovery processes were largely facilitated by workforce reduction which began last year. The first evidence of labor shortages emerged on the labor market which saw full employment for quite a long period of time.
{"title":"Labor Market in 2017: Labor Shortages","authors":"V. Lyashok","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3151703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3151703","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the labor market was recovering after the crisis: the rate of unemployment declined and wages increased. Recovery processes were largely facilitated by workforce reduction which began last year. The first evidence of labor shortages emerged on the labor market which saw full employment for quite a long period of time.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114610266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russian Abstract: На основе всех имеющихся данных государственной статистики и обследований анализируется уровень образования долговременных и временных трудовых международных мигрантов в России, проводятся сравнения с уровнем образования населения страны. Состав долговременных международных мигрантов по образованию различается как в зависимости от возраста, так и от стран, с которыми осуществляется миграционный обмен. Уровень образования долговременных мигрантов достаточно близок к населению России, но в целом страна теряла более образованных мигрантов, чем приобретала. Распределение международных мигрантов по образованию зависит от изменения методики учета миграции, что затрудняет сравнения за длительный период. Относительно временной трудовой миграции используемые статистические источники не так подробны, и охватывают не всю совокупность мигрантов, находящихся в России. Однако данные выборочных обследований позволяют сделать вывод о степени использования образовательного потенциала мигрантов, проанализировать специально выделяемые категории высококвалифицированных мигрантов. English Abstract: Based on all available data of state statistics and surveys, the level of education of long-term and temporary labor international migrants in Russia is analyzed and compared with the level of education of the country's population. The composition of long-term international migrants by education varies according to age, as well as from countries with which migration is carried out. The level of education of long-term migrants is quite close to the population of Russia, but in general the country lost more educated migrants than acquired. The distribution of international migrants by education depends on a change in the methodology for recording migration, which makes comparisons over a long period difficult. Regarding temporary labor migration, the statistical sources used are not so detailed, and cover not the entire population of migrants in Russia. However, the data from sample surveys make possible to conclude that the educational potential of migrants is used, and to analyze specially selected categories of highly skilled migrants.
{"title":"Международная Миграция в России: Квалифицированная Составляющая (International Migration in Russia: A Qualified Component)","authors":"Yulia Florinskaya, N. Mkrtchyan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3122954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3122954","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> На основе всех имеющихся данных государственной статистики и обследований анализируется уровень образования долговременных и временных трудовых международных мигрантов в России, проводятся сравнения с уровнем образования населения страны. Состав долговременных международных мигрантов по образованию различается как в зависимости от возраста, так и от стран, с которыми осуществляется миграционный обмен. Уровень образования долговременных мигрантов достаточно близок к населению России, но в целом страна теряла более образованных мигрантов, чем приобретала. Распределение международных мигрантов по образованию зависит от изменения методики учета миграции, что затрудняет сравнения за длительный период. Относительно временной трудовой миграции используемые статистические источники не так подробны, и охватывают не всю совокупность мигрантов, находящихся в России. Однако данные выборочных обследований позволяют сделать вывод о степени использования образовательного потенциала мигрантов, проанализировать специально выделяемые категории высококвалифицированных мигрантов. <b>English Abstract:</b> Based on all available data of state statistics and surveys, the level of education of long-term and temporary labor international migrants in Russia is analyzed and compared with the level of education of the country's population. The composition of long-term international migrants by education varies according to age, as well as from countries with which migration is carried out. The level of education of long-term migrants is quite close to the population of Russia, but in general the country lost more educated migrants than acquired. The distribution of international migrants by education depends on a change in the methodology for recording migration, which makes comparisons over a long period difficult. Regarding temporary labor migration, the statistical sources used are not so detailed, and cover not the entire population of migrants in Russia. However, the data from sample surveys make possible to conclude that the educational potential of migrants is used, and to analyze specially selected categories of highly skilled migrants.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"40 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121825811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Avraamova, Anastasia V. Karavay, Dmitriy Loginov
Russian Abstract: Подготовленный материал содержит результаты исследования, целью которого являлось выявление основных адаптационных стратегий, реализуемых различными слоями российского населения в целях поддержания достигнутого уровня жизни или его повышения, а также определение качества и эффективности этих стратегий. Исследованы наиболее распространенные адаптационные стратегии россиян: привлечения внешних ресурсов; инвестиционно-сберегательная стратегия; стратегия повышения трудовых нагрузок; стратегия изменений в профессиональной сфере; миграционная стратегия и ведение личного подсобного хозяйства. Построены интегральные показатели рисков снижения уровня жизни и адаптационного потенциала населения. Методология исследования включает применение современных теоретико-прикладных подходов, разработку системы показателей успешности адаптационных практик и их продуктивного характера. Эмпирическая часть основана на сборе и анализе социологической информации, полученной в ходе репрезентативных анкетных опросов населения (в 2016 г. – 3500 респондентов, в 2017 г. – 3000 респондентов). English Abstract: This paper contains the results of the study which purpose was to identify the main adaptation strategies, implemented by different layers of Russian population to maintain the achieved standard of living or to improve it, as well as to determine the quality and efficiency of these strategies. The most spread adaptation strategies of Russians are studied: outsourcing, investment and savings strategy, strategy of the labor activity increase, strategy of changes in the professional sphere, the migration strategy and the strategy of private farming conducting. There are built the integral indicators of risks of reduction in life quality and adaptive capacity of the population. The methodology of the study involves the application of contemporary theoretical and empirical approaches, development of a system of indicators of the adaption practices success and efficiency of these strategies. The empirical part is based on the collection and analysis of sociological information, obtained in the course of representative polls (3500 respondents were polled in 2016, and 3000 respondents were polled in 2017).
{"title":"Адаптационные Стратегии Населения: Между Выживанием и Развитием (Adaptive Population Strategies: Between Survival and Development)","authors":"E. Avraamova, Anastasia V. Karavay, Dmitriy Loginov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3122417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3122417","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Подготовленный материал содержит результаты исследования, целью которого являлось выявление основных адаптационных стратегий, реализуемых различными слоями российского населения в целях поддержания достигнутого уровня жизни или его повышения, а также определение качества и эффективности этих стратегий. Исследованы наиболее распространенные адаптационные стратегии россиян: привлечения внешних ресурсов; инвестиционно-сберегательная стратегия; стратегия повышения трудовых нагрузок; стратегия изменений в профессиональной сфере; миграционная стратегия и ведение личного подсобного хозяйства. Построены интегральные показатели рисков снижения уровня жизни и адаптационного потенциала населения. \u0000Методология исследования включает применение современных теоретико-прикладных подходов, разработку системы показателей успешности адаптационных практик и их продуктивного характера. Эмпирическая часть основана на сборе и анализе социологической информации, полученной в ходе репрезентативных анкетных опросов населения (в 2016 г. – 3500 респондентов, в 2017 г. – 3000 респондентов). \u0000English Abstract: This paper contains the results of the study which purpose was to identify the main adaptation strategies, implemented by different layers of Russian population to maintain the achieved standard of living or to improve it, as well as to determine the quality and efficiency of these strategies. The most spread adaptation strategies of Russians are studied: outsourcing, investment and savings strategy, strategy of the labor activity increase, strategy of changes in the professional sphere, the migration strategy and the strategy of private farming conducting. There are built the integral indicators of risks of reduction in life quality and adaptive capacity of the population. \u0000The methodology of the study involves the application of contemporary theoretical and empirical approaches, development of a system of indicators of the adaption practices success and efficiency of these strategies. The empirical part is based on the collection and analysis of sociological information, obtained in the course of representative polls (3500 respondents were polled in 2016, and 3000 respondents were polled in 2017).","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122827681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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