Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.001
Natalie Banet , Karen L. Talia
In recent years, there has been vast change in the field of cervical pathology, most notably in the classification and approach to cervical glandular lesions. The publication of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs in 2020 signalled a paradigm shift away from morphology-based categorisation towards an aetiology-based system linked to lesional human papilloma virus (HPV) status. This includes several newly described entities such as HPV-associated micropapillary and stratified mucin-producing carcinomas, and gastric-type adenocarcinoma in situ and atypical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia, both regarded as precursors to HPV-independent carcinoma of gastric type. Simultaneously, cervical screening programs in resource-rich nations have undergone major renewal, with transition to more sensitive primary HPV-based molecular screening. Diagnostic methods have also been expanded in recent years, including the availability of sensitive, immunohistochemically based in situ hybridisation testing for HPV on tissue samples. The rate of change has been rapid, exposing pathologists to potential knowledge gaps. In this review, many of the key changes pertinent to reporting these lesions are addressed.
{"title":"Cytology and histology of endocervical glandular lesions: a review with emphasis on recent developments","authors":"Natalie Banet , Karen L. Talia","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been vast change in the field of cervical pathology, most notably in the classification and approach to cervical glandular lesions. The publication of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs in 2020 signalled a paradigm shift away from morphology-based categorisation towards an aetiology-based system linked to lesional human papilloma virus (HPV) status. This includes several newly described entities such as HPV-associated micropapillary and stratified mucin-producing carcinomas, and gastric-type adenocarcinoma <em>in situ</em> and atypical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia, both regarded as precursors to HPV-independent carcinoma of gastric type. Simultaneously, cervical screening programs in resource-rich nations have undergone major renewal, with transition to more sensitive primary HPV-based molecular screening. Diagnostic methods have also been expanded in recent years, including the availability of sensitive, immunohistochemically based <em>in situ</em> hybridisation testing for HPV on tissue samples. The rate of change has been rapid, exposing pathologists to potential knowledge gaps. In this review, many of the key changes pertinent to reporting these lesions are addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 7","pages":"Pages 817-830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.002
Samuel F. McCormick , Glenn M. Ward , Christina M. Trambas , Richard J. MacIsaac
Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent conditions affecting a significant portion of the Australian population. Urinary albumin testing, particularly through the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), is essential for screening, prognostication, and guiding treatment in patients with diabetes and CKD. Despite recommendations for annual screening among high-risk populations such as those with diabetes, recent studies indicate disturbingly low rates of albuminuria testing. This narrative literature review aims to examine rates of uACR testing in these populations, focusing on recent studies across various clinical settings and geographical regions. A systematic search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, yielding 13 observational studies published from 2016 onward. These studies consistently reported suboptimal uACR testing rates, ranging from 1.5% to 76.6%, with populations affected by diabetes demonstrating testing rates generally below 50%. The review highlights the global issue of low adherence to testing guidelines and emphasises the need for improved clinical practices and policy incentives to enhance uACR testing.
{"title":"A review of albuminuria testing rates in people with diabetes mellitus: poor guideline adherence","authors":"Samuel F. McCormick , Glenn M. Ward , Christina M. Trambas , Richard J. MacIsaac","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prevalent conditions affecting a significant portion of the Australian population. Urinary albumin testing, particularly through the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), is essential for screening, prognostication, and guiding treatment in patients with diabetes and CKD. Despite recommendations for annual screening among high-risk populations such as those with diabetes, recent studies indicate disturbingly low rates of albuminuria testing. This narrative literature review aims to examine rates of uACR testing in these populations, focusing on recent studies across various clinical settings and geographical regions. A systematic search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, yielding 13 observational studies published from 2016 onward. These studies consistently reported suboptimal uACR testing rates, ranging from 1.5% to 76.6%, with populations affected by diabetes demonstrating testing rates generally below 50%. The review highlights the global issue of low adherence to testing guidelines and emphasises the need for improved clinical practices and policy incentives to enhance uACR testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 7","pages":"Pages 811-816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.003
Sten Westgard , Hassan Bayat , Anthony Orzechowski
{"title":"Questioning the proper comparison of QConnect limits to quality control: rebuttal to Dimech et al.","authors":"Sten Westgard , Hassan Bayat , Anthony Orzechowski","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 7","pages":"Pages 972-973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.09.001
Wayne Dimech , Giuseppe Vincini , Patricia Mitchell
{"title":"Questioning the proper comparison of QConnect limits to quality control: authors' reply to Westgard et al.","authors":"Wayne Dimech , Giuseppe Vincini , Patricia Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 7","pages":"Pages 973-974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.07.002
Wei J. Wang , Zhihong Hu , Brandon T. Gehris , Udit Naik , Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee , Md Amer Wahed , Shimin Hu , M. James You , Lei Chen , Wei Wang , L. Jeffrey Medeiros
Primary epidural B-cell lymphoma (PEBL) is a rare neoplasm that presents initially with involvement of the epidural space. This study aimed to characterise the clinicopathological features of PEBL through a retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed at two institutions over a 15-year period. A total of 14 patients were identified, including seven women and seven men, with a median age of 63.5 years (range 21–76 years). These patients most often presented with symptoms of spinal cord compression, such as extremity paraesthesias, pain, and weakness. The thoracic region or thoracolumbar region was commonly involved in 10 (71%) patients. Eight (57%) patients had Lugano stage I disease, and 6six (43%) had stage II disease. Nine (64%) patients had a low or low-intermediate International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, and four (29%) patients had a high-intermediate or high score. All patients underwent surgical excision of the epidural mass, and histological analysis showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in eight patients, follicular lymphoma in five patients, and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) in one patient. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that all 14 cases were positive for pan B-cell markers and negative for CD3. Using the Hans algorithm, seven DLBCL cases had a germinal centre B-cell (GCB) immunophenotype and one case had a non-GCB immunophenotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis performed on eight cases showed one case of HGBL with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements, four cases of DLBCL with isolated BCL2 (n=2) or BCL6 (n=2) rearrangements, and one case of DLBCL with BCL2 and BCL6 rearrangements. All 14 patients were treated with excision, 12 of whom were also treated with chemotherapy; three of these patients also received radiation therapy. One patient was treated with an autologous stem cell transplant and subsequently CAR-T therapy. Clinical follow-up was available for all patients with a median of 39.5 months (range 1–123 months). At the last follow-up, 13 patients were alive and in complete remission and one patient with HGBL died 9 months after diagnosis. We conclude that PEBL predominantly arises in older adults and most often affects the thoracolumbar region. Patients usually have a low or low-intermediate IPI score. The most frequent type of lymphoma is DLBCL with a GCB immunophenotype. In this cohort, most patients received chemotherapy and had a favourable prognosis.
{"title":"Clinicopathological features of primary epidural B-cell lymphoma: a study of 14 cases","authors":"Wei J. Wang , Zhihong Hu , Brandon T. Gehris , Udit Naik , Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee , Md Amer Wahed , Shimin Hu , M. James You , Lei Chen , Wei Wang , L. Jeffrey Medeiros","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary epidural B-cell lymphoma (PEBL) is a rare neoplasm that presents initially with involvement of the epidural space. This study aimed to characterise the clinicopathological features of PEBL through a retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed at two institutions over a 15-year period. A total of 14 patients were identified, including seven women and seven men, with a median age of 63.5 years (range 21–76 years). These patients most often presented with symptoms of spinal cord compression, such as extremity paraesthesias, pain, and weakness. The thoracic region or thoracolumbar region was commonly involved in 10 (71%) patients. Eight (57%) patients had Lugano stage I disease, and 6six (43%) had stage II disease. Nine (64%) patients had a low or low-intermediate International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, and four (29%) patients had a high-intermediate or high score. All patients underwent surgical excision of the epidural mass, and histological analysis showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in eight patients, follicular lymphoma in five patients, and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) in one patient. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that all 14 cases were positive for pan B-cell markers and negative for CD3. Using the Hans algorithm, seven DLBCL cases had a germinal centre B-cell (GCB) immunophenotype and one case had a non-GCB immunophenotype. Fluorescence <em>in situ</em> hybridisation (FISH) analysis performed on eight cases showed one case of HGBL with <em>MYC</em> and <em>BCL6</em> rearrangements, four cases of DLBCL with isolated <em>BCL2</em> (<em>n=</em>2) or <em>BCL6</em> (<em>n=</em>2) rearrangements, and one case of DLBCL with <em>BCL2</em> and <em>BCL6</em> rearrangements. All 14 patients were treated with excision, 12 of whom were also treated with chemotherapy; three of these patients also received radiation therapy. One patient was treated with an autologous stem cell transplant and subsequently CAR-T therapy. Clinical follow-up was available for all patients with a median of 39.5 months (range 1–123 months). At the last follow-up, 13 patients were alive and in complete remission and one patient with HGBL died 9 months after diagnosis. We conclude that PEBL predominantly arises in older adults and most often affects the thoracolumbar region. Patients usually have a low or low-intermediate IPI score. The most frequent type of lymphoma is DLBCL with a GCB immunophenotype. In this cohort, most patients received chemotherapy and had a favourable prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.013
Sally M. Hunter , Lana Radulovic , Ella R. Thompson , Michelle McBean , John F. Seymour , David Westerman , Piers Blombery
{"title":"Landscape of TP53 abnormalities and IGHV mutational profile in untreated Australian patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","authors":"Sally M. Hunter , Lana Radulovic , Ella R. Thompson , Michelle McBean , John F. Seymour , David Westerman , Piers Blombery","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 7","pages":"Pages 941-944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.009
Julian Leto , Judith Spies , Linda Tran , Irene Luo , Alex Stoyanov , Peter Bradhurst , Nicolás Urriola
A minority of patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) have been found to have autoantibodies against components of nodal and paranodal structures in peripheral nerves. These autoantibodies may confer distinct clinical features, including a lower likelihood of response to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). There are currently limited options available for the detection of these autoantibodies in the diagnostic setting. We tested serum samples from 30 patients with CIDP, 40 disease controls [20 with myasthenia gravis and 20 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)] and 52 healthy controls for the presence of antibodies against neurofascin 155 (NF155), neurofascin 186 (NF186), contactin-1 (CNTN1) and the contactin-1/contactin-associated protein 1 (CNTN1/CASPR1) complex using a commercial transfected HEK293 cell-based indirect immunofluorescence immunoassay (EUROImmun). We detected nodo-paranodal antibodies in six of 30 CIDP patients, including five who had previously tested positive for nodo-paranodal antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was one positive test for anti-CNTN1 in a disease control with SLE and membranous glomerulonephritis, with no positive tests in healthy controls. We modified the manufacturer's staining protocol by using biotinylated anti-IgG and streptavidin-FITC labelling, which increased the analytical sensitivity of the assay. Our modified assay retained its robustness in the presence of interfering substances (haemolysed, lipaemic and icteric samples) and serum with high non-specific background immunofluorescent staining. We successfully modified and validated a commercial indirect immunofluorescence immunoassay for the qualitative detection of antibodies against NF155, NF186, CNTN1 and CNTN1/CASPR1. This could lead to more rapid diagnosis of patients with these autoantibodies, avoiding costly and ineffective treatments.
{"title":"Validation and optimisation of a commercial cell-based assay for detection of nodo-paranodal antibodies","authors":"Julian Leto , Judith Spies , Linda Tran , Irene Luo , Alex Stoyanov , Peter Bradhurst , Nicolás Urriola","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A minority of patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) have been found to have autoantibodies against components of nodal and paranodal structures in peripheral nerves. These autoantibodies may confer distinct clinical features, including a lower likelihood of response to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). There are currently limited options available for the detection of these autoantibodies in the diagnostic setting. We tested serum samples from 30 patients with CIDP, 40 disease controls [20 with myasthenia gravis and 20 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)] and 52 healthy controls for the presence of antibodies against neurofascin 155 (NF155), neurofascin 186 (NF186), contactin-1 (CNTN1) and the contactin-1/contactin-associated protein 1 (CNTN1/CASPR1) complex using a commercial transfected HEK293 cell-based indirect immunofluorescence immunoassay (EUROImmun). We detected nodo-paranodal antibodies in six of 30 CIDP patients, including five who had previously tested positive for nodo-paranodal antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was one positive test for anti-CNTN1 in a disease control with SLE and membranous glomerulonephritis, with no positive tests in healthy controls. We modified the manufacturer's staining protocol by using biotinylated anti-IgG and streptavidin-FITC labelling, which increased the analytical sensitivity of the assay. Our modified assay retained its robustness in the presence of interfering substances (haemolysed, lipaemic and icteric samples) and serum with high non-specific background immunofluorescent staining. We successfully modified and validated a commercial indirect immunofluorescence immunoassay for the qualitative detection of antibodies against NF155, NF186, CNTN1 and CNTN1/CASPR1. This could lead to more rapid diagnosis of patients with these autoantibodies, avoiding costly and ineffective treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.010
Tania Marsden , Teck Yee Khong , Jane E. Dahlstrom , Frances M. Boyle , Mu Cheng , Yin Ping Wong , Stacey Prystupa , Gretchen Pomare , Joanna Perry-Keene , Vicki Flenady , Jessica Sexton
Stillbirth continues to pose a significant public health challenge. Determining the cause of death is crucial for both prevention and providing closure to families, yet many stillbirths are not adequately investigated. Autopsy and placental assessments are recognised as the gold standard for stillbirth investigation. The utility of these procedures can vary based on the quality of the examination. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of autopsy reporting in Australia in the context of stillbirth. A total of 284 stillbirths with accompanying autopsy reports from 18 maternity hospitals across Australia between 2013 and 2018 were included. Autopsy and placental pathology reports were scored against accepted standards using a modified Vujanic–Khong tool to produce an autopsy quality score (AQS), by a double-blinded panel of assessors to the cause of death. Outcome measures were the number of autopsy reports achieving the score range, with a minimal acceptable score (MAS) of 75%. Reports were assessed based on the type of investigation (full or external), presenting clinical scenario, maceration status, and gestational age. A secondary outcome was to review the format of the autopsy reports. In total, 248 (87%) autopsy reports achieved a MAS, with 166 (58%) of reports achieving 90% of an AQS; 37 (13%) cases did not achieve a MAS, including 14 external examinations, one partial autopsy examination and 23 full autopsy examinations. Full autopsy achieved a higher score than external examinations only. External autopsy examinations were more likely not to have requested medical imaging (59%), cytogenetics (72%), or microbiology (of the placenta, 72%) when thought to be clinically indicated. There was no difference in the MAS according to clinical scenario, gestational age or degree of maceration. There was no consistent autopsy report format in this study. The overall quality of autopsy reports across Australia is high, providing confidence in the use of these reports for classifying a cause of stillbirth. Development of a structured protocol for autopsy reporting to ensure all investigations deemed clinically appropriate are performed and formatting is harmonised across the country is recommended.
{"title":"Perinatal autopsy reporting practices in Australian stillbirths: a quality review","authors":"Tania Marsden , Teck Yee Khong , Jane E. Dahlstrom , Frances M. Boyle , Mu Cheng , Yin Ping Wong , Stacey Prystupa , Gretchen Pomare , Joanna Perry-Keene , Vicki Flenady , Jessica Sexton","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stillbirth continues to pose a significant public health challenge. Determining the cause of death is crucial for both prevention and providing closure to families, yet many stillbirths are not adequately investigated. Autopsy and placental assessments are recognised as the gold standard for stillbirth investigation. The utility of these procedures can vary based on the quality of the examination. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of autopsy reporting in Australia in the context of stillbirth. A total of 284 stillbirths with accompanying autopsy reports from 18 maternity hospitals across Australia between 2013 and 2018 were included. Autopsy and placental pathology reports were scored against accepted standards using a modified Vujanic–Khong tool to produce an autopsy quality score (AQS), by a double-blinded panel of assessors to the cause of death. Outcome measures were the number of autopsy reports achieving the score range, with a minimal acceptable score (MAS) of 75%. Reports were assessed based on the type of investigation (full or external), presenting clinical scenario, maceration status, and gestational age. A secondary outcome was to review the format of the autopsy reports. In total, 248 (87%) autopsy reports achieved a MAS, with 166 (58%) of reports achieving 90% of an AQS; 37 (13%) cases did not achieve a MAS, including 14 external examinations, one partial autopsy examination and 23 full autopsy examinations. Full autopsy achieved a higher score than external examinations only. External autopsy examinations were more likely not to have requested medical imaging (59%), cytogenetics (72%), or microbiology (of the placenta, 72%) when thought to be clinically indicated. There was no difference in the MAS according to clinical scenario, gestational age or degree of maceration. There was no consistent autopsy report format in this study. The overall quality of autopsy reports across Australia is high, providing confidence in the use of these reports for classifying a cause of stillbirth. Development of a structured protocol for autopsy reporting to ensure all investigations deemed clinically appropriate are performed and formatting is harmonised across the country is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号