Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.12.059
Kathy Kramer
{"title":"Evolution and development of FAMSACA","authors":"Kathy Kramer","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.12.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.12.059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Page S12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.005
Wenjie Huang, Geraldine Xue Qin Goh, Mei Gie Tan, Jing Sen Chua, Samantha Hui Wen Tan, Yen Ee Tan
This study evaluated the performance of a customised Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) plate including isavuconazole (YIT) against existing practice (comprising SYO YO10 plate and isavuconazole gradient strip) in order to streamline the workflow for antifungal susceptibility testing in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. A total of 101 (51 yeasts and 50 moulds) clinical isolates were included for analysis. Isolates included in the study were recovered from a variety of body sites and reflected the case mix encountered in daily practice. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using three methods: YO10, YIT and gradient diffusion strip (for isavuconazole only). Reproducibility, essential agreement (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) were calculated. When YO10 and YIT plates were compared, the reproducibility was 100% for eight common antifungals. The CA was >97% for all antifungals except for amphotericin B (89.4%), but this was attributed to seven isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations bordering the wild-type (WT) cut-off. The EA obtained when testing isavuconazole using YIT versus gradient diffusion was 77.2% overall, 90.2% for yeasts and 64% for moulds. In conclusion, the YIT plate is suitable for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts in our laboratory. Its use for mould isolates needs to be monitored further.
本研究评估了定制的Sensititre YeastOne（SYO）平板（含异唑康唑，YIT）与现有方法（包括SYO YO10平板和异唑康唑梯度条）的性能对比，以简化新加坡一家三级医院的抗真菌药敏试验工作流程。共有 101 株（51 株酵母菌和 50 株霉菌）临床分离物被纳入分析。研究中的分离物来自不同的身体部位，反映了日常工作中遇到的病例组合。抗真菌药敏试验采用三种方法进行：YO10、YIT 和梯度扩散条（仅适用于异唑康唑）。计算了重现性、基本一致（EA）和分类一致（CA）。对 YO10 和 YIT 平板进行比较时，8 种常见抗真菌药的重现性为 100%。除两性霉素 B（89.4%）外，所有抗真菌药物的 CA 均大于 97%，但这是因为有 7 个分离物的最低抑制浓度接近野生型（WT）临界值。使用 YIT 与梯度扩散法检测异黄酮唑时所获得的 EA 值总体为 77.2%，对酵母菌的 EA 值为 90.2%，对霉菌的 EA 值为 64%。总之，YIT 平板适用于我们实验室的酵母菌抗真菌药敏试验。对霉菌分离物的使用还需进一步监测。
{"title":"Evaluation of a customised Sensititre YeastOne plate containing isavuconazole for antifungal susceptibility testing in Singapore","authors":"Wenjie Huang, Geraldine Xue Qin Goh, Mei Gie Tan, Jing Sen Chua, Samantha Hui Wen Tan, Yen Ee Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the performance of a customised Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) plate including isavuconazole (YIT) against existing practice (comprising SYO YO10 plate and isavuconazole gradient strip) in order to streamline the workflow for antifungal susceptibility testing in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. A total of 101 (51 yeasts and 50 moulds) clinical isolates were included for analysis. Isolates included in the study were recovered from a variety of body sites and reflected the case mix encountered in daily practice. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using three methods: YO10, YIT and gradient diffusion strip (for isavuconazole only). Reproducibility, essential agreement (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) were calculated. When YO10 and YIT plates were compared, the reproducibility was 100% for eight common antifungals. The CA was >97% for all antifungals except for amphotericin B (89.4%), but this was attributed to seven isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations bordering the wild-type (WT) cut-off. The EA obtained when testing isavuconazole using YIT versus gradient diffusion was 77.2% overall, 90.2% for yeasts and 64% for moulds. In conclusion, the YIT plate is suitable for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts in our laboratory. Its use for mould isolates needs to be monitored further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 100-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.008
Dimitra Beroukas , Peter J. Roberts-Thomson , Tom P. Gordon , Adrian Y.S. Lee
{"title":"Immunoprecipitation assays for the detection of specific extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies: a role in the modern immunology laboratory?","authors":"Dimitra Beroukas , Peter J. Roberts-Thomson , Tom P. Gordon , Adrian Y.S. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 120-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.011
Eloise Williams , Doris Chibo , Jodie D'Costa , Suellen Nicholson , Kathy Jackson , Chuan K. Lim , Deborah A. Williamson
{"title":"New challenges for HIV testing in the setting of long-acting cabotegravir pre-exposure prophylaxis","authors":"Eloise Williams , Doris Chibo , Jodie D'Costa , Suellen Nicholson , Kathy Jackson , Chuan K. Lim , Deborah A. Williamson","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 105-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.012
Ying Wang , Yuki Teramoto , Hiroshi Miyamoto
It remains to be determined if the prognostic value of cribriform morphology (Crib) associated with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC) is equivalent to that in conventional/acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma (CPA). We herein assessed radical prostatectomy findings and long-term oncologic outcomes in 732 men with Grade Group 2–4 CPA without any Gleason pattern 5. Our cases were divided into four cohorts according to the absence or presence of Crib within CPA and/or IDC: Cohort-1, no Crib (n=347; 47.4%); Cohort-2, Crib only in CPA (n=203; 27.7%); Cohort-3, Crib only in IDC (n=17; 2.3%); and Cohort-4, Crib in both CPA and IDC (n=165; 22.5%). Compared with that in CPA only (Cohort-2), Crib in both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4) was significantly associated with adverse histopathological features, including higher tumour grade/stage and larger tumour volume. Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher risks of postoperative recurrence in patients with Crib in IDC only [Cohort-3; hazard ratio (HR) 2.450, p=0.022] or both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4; HR 2.835, p<0.001) than in those with Crib in CPA only (Cohort-2), whereas the prognosis was analogous between Cohort-3 and Cohort-4 (p=0.913). In a multivariable analysis [Crib in CPA only (Cohort-2) as a reference], Crib in IDC only (Cohort-3; HR 3.821, p=0.002) or both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4; HR 1.905, p=0.004) showed significantly worse recurrence-free survival. Compared with Crib in CPA only, its presence in both CPA and IDC was thus found to be independently associated with a poorer prognosis, suggesting a potentially greater clinical impact of Crib in IDC than in CPA.
{"title":"Cribriform intraductal carcinoma of the prostate may be more aggressive than cribriform conventional/acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma","authors":"Ying Wang , Yuki Teramoto , Hiroshi Miyamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It remains to be determined if the prognostic value of cribriform morphology (Crib) associated with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC) is equivalent to that in conventional/acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma (CPA). We herein assessed radical prostatectomy findings and long-term oncologic outcomes in 732 men with Grade Group 2–4 CPA without any Gleason pattern 5. Our cases were divided into four cohorts according to the absence or presence of Crib within CPA and/or IDC: Cohort-1, no Crib (<em>n</em>=347; 47.4%); Cohort-2, Crib only in CPA (<em>n</em>=203; 27.7%); Cohort-3, Crib only in IDC (<em>n</em>=17; 2.3%); and Cohort-4, Crib in both CPA and IDC (<em>n</em>=165; 22.5%). Compared with that in CPA only (Cohort-2), Crib in both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4) was significantly associated with adverse histopathological features, including higher tumour grade/stage and larger tumour volume. Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher risks of postoperative recurrence in patients with Crib in IDC only [Cohort-3; hazard ratio (HR) 2.450, <em>p</em>=0.022] or both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4; HR 2.835, <em>p</em><0.001) than in those with Crib in CPA only (Cohort-2), whereas the prognosis was analogous between Cohort-3 and Cohort-4 (<em>p</em>=0.913). In a multivariable analysis [Crib in CPA only (Cohort-2) as a reference], Crib in IDC only (Cohort-3; HR 3.821, <em>p</em>=0.002) or both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4; HR 1.905, <em>p</em>=0.004) showed significantly worse recurrence-free survival. Compared with Crib in CPA only, its presence in both CPA and IDC was thus found to be independently associated with a poorer prognosis, suggesting a potentially greater clinical impact of Crib in IDC than in CPA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.004
Samuel Baumgart , Thuy Phan , Genevieve McKew
Shigellosis is an acute, often dysenteric, diarrhoeal illness that is responsible for much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella species have been detected worldwide and a regular review of local epidemiological and resistance rates is necessary to help guide empirical antibiotic choice. This retrospective laboratory study of faecal isolates between 2013 and 2023 demonstrates increasing rates of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, alongside an overall increase in MDR and XDR isolates.
{"title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance rates for Shigella species in a resource-rich setting","authors":"Samuel Baumgart , Thuy Phan , Genevieve McKew","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shigellosis is an acute, often dysenteric, diarrhoeal illness that is responsible for much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <em>Shigella</em> species have been detected worldwide and a regular review of local epidemiological and resistance rates is necessary to help guide empirical antibiotic choice. This retrospective laboratory study of faecal isolates between 2013 and 2023 demonstrates increasing rates of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, alongside an overall increase in MDR and XDR isolates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.009
Que Lam , Nilika Wijeratne
{"title":"Comparison of commonly used equations for sodium adjustment in hyperglycaemia","authors":"Que Lam , Nilika Wijeratne","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.006
Eveline Staub , Qinghua Cao , Xin-Ming Chen , Carol Pollock
Collecting urine samples in neonates by catheterisation or suprapubic puncture causes trauma, whereas self-adhesive collection bags can damage fragile skin. An alternative method is the collection of samples from urine-soaked cotton wool balls placed in diapers. The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of albumin, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and uromodulin between clean-catch urine and samples collected in cotton wool balls in neonates and assess the efficiency of exosome extraction. Standard clean-catch urine samples were assayed for albumin, creatinine, NGAL, and uromodulin using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Concentrations were compared to the same urine samples extracted immediately from soaked cotton wool balls (sample 2, S2) or the urine extracted from cotton wool balls placed in a diaper in a warm incubator for 2 h before extraction (sample 3, S3). Exosomes were extracted from all three samples of one patient for visualisation by electron microscopy. Twenty-six infants (17 males) of median gestational age at birth of 32+1 weeks had urine collected at a median age of 29 days at 37+6 weeks corrected age. Concentrations in S2 and S3 were within 10% of the concentration of standard samples in 46% and 35% of specimens for albumin, 69% and 58% for creatinine, 12% and 12% for NGAL, and 27% and 15% for uromodulin, respectively, without consistent positive or negative bias. Urine albumin/creatinine ratios (UACRs) were 4.3% less in S2 and 4.5% less in S3 than in standard samples. Exosomes were extracted and visualised from all three sample types. Neonatal urine samples extracted from cotton wool balls can be used to screen for relevant albuminuria but provide imprecise estimates of NGAL and uromodulin. The proof of exosome extraction from urine collection in cotton wool balls opens the potential to examine exosomal cargo.
{"title":"Concentration of kidney markers and detection of exosomes in urine samples collected in cotton wool balls in preterm and term neonates","authors":"Eveline Staub , Qinghua Cao , Xin-Ming Chen , Carol Pollock","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collecting urine samples in neonates by catheterisation or suprapubic puncture causes trauma, whereas self-adhesive collection bags can damage fragile skin. An alternative method is the collection of samples from urine-soaked cotton wool balls placed in diapers. The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of albumin, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and uromodulin between clean-catch urine and samples collected in cotton wool balls in neonates and assess the efficiency of exosome extraction. Standard clean-catch urine samples were assayed for albumin, creatinine, NGAL, and uromodulin using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Concentrations were compared to the same urine samples extracted immediately from soaked cotton wool balls (sample 2, S2) or the urine extracted from cotton wool balls placed in a diaper in a warm incubator for 2 h before extraction (sample 3, S3). Exosomes were extracted from all three samples of one patient for visualisation by electron microscopy. Twenty-six infants (17 males) of median gestational age at birth of 32+1 weeks had urine collected at a median age of 29 days at 37+6 weeks corrected age. Concentrations in S2 and S3 were within 10% of the concentration of standard samples in 46% and 35% of specimens for albumin, 69% and 58% for creatinine, 12% and 12% for NGAL, and 27% and 15% for uromodulin, respectively, without consistent positive or negative bias. Urine albumin/creatinine ratios (UACRs) were 4.3% less in S2 and 4.5% less in S3 than in standard samples. Exosomes were extracted and visualised from all three sample types. Neonatal urine samples extracted from cotton wool balls can be used to screen for relevant albuminuria but provide imprecise estimates of NGAL and uromodulin. The proof of exosome extraction from urine collection in cotton wool balls opens the potential to examine exosomal cargo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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