Gas chromatographic capillary columns with polyethylene glycol (PEG) stationary phase are very frequently used. Their polar character makes them able to analyze many molecules. Alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and esters can be measured easily, but also molecules with acidic or alkaline characteristics can be separated. For these components, there are also acidic and alkaline modified PEG phases.When we want to buy a new column, we can choose from many manufacturers. Everyone tells us their column is the best, but we don’t know the real differences between these columns. It is because every manufacturer has its testing method under different circumstances and uses different test molecules. Also, they give us only a couple of information about the column, but that is not helpful in every case.We used an 8-component test mixture to compare the WAX columns of 6 manufacturers. The chromatogram lets us see the retention, resolution, and peak shape. We completed these parameters with the columns' efficiency and the sorption enthalpies and entropies of the analyzed compound. With these similar conditions, we can now compare the columns from different manufacturers and show more information about the columns to help the customer choose the best for the analysis.
{"title":"Analysis and Comparison of Gas Chromatographic Columns with Polyethylene Glycol Stationary Phase","authors":"G. Nyerges, Judit Mátyási, J. Balla","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21481","url":null,"abstract":"Gas chromatographic capillary columns with polyethylene glycol (PEG) stationary phase are very frequently used. Their polar character makes them able to analyze many molecules. Alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and esters can be measured easily, but also molecules with acidic or alkaline characteristics can be separated. For these components, there are also acidic and alkaline modified PEG phases.When we want to buy a new column, we can choose from many manufacturers. Everyone tells us their column is the best, but we don’t know the real differences between these columns. It is because every manufacturer has its testing method under different circumstances and uses different test molecules. Also, they give us only a couple of information about the column, but that is not helpful in every case.We used an 8-component test mixture to compare the WAX columns of 6 manufacturers. The chromatogram lets us see the retention, resolution, and peak shape. We completed these parameters with the columns' efficiency and the sorption enthalpies and entropies of the analyzed compound. With these similar conditions, we can now compare the columns from different manufacturers and show more information about the columns to help the customer choose the best for the analysis.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"78 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87923011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dry tray pressure drop behaviors in trays without downcomer with different inclination of holes (standard, 75°, 60° and 45°) and tray thickness (2.5, 5, and 10 mm) are investigated. The trays are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in Ansys Fluent® software. 20 °C air was used to represent the gas phase with 20–50 m3/h flow rates. The column there are four trays with 7 mm of hole diameter.The CFD results determined that the higher angle of the holes with respect to the tray causes smaller dry tray pressure drop and turbulence intensity in the gas flow. Furthermore, in 75° hole inclined perforated tray and the standard hole the dry tray pressure drop is similar. From the simulation results it is also determined that in case of higher tray thickness the dry tray pressure drop is lower.On the basis of the CFD simulation results some correlations can be determined for the calculation of the dry tray pressure drop of the different trays.
{"title":"CFD Investigation of Dry Tray Pressure Drop of Perforated Trays without Downcomer","authors":"V. Kállai, P. Mizsey, G. Szepesi","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21914","url":null,"abstract":"The dry tray pressure drop behaviors in trays without downcomer with different inclination of holes (standard, 75°, 60° and 45°) and tray thickness (2.5, 5, and 10 mm) are investigated. The trays are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in Ansys Fluent® software. 20 °C air was used to represent the gas phase with 20–50 m3/h flow rates. The column there are four trays with 7 mm of hole diameter.The CFD results determined that the higher angle of the holes with respect to the tray causes smaller dry tray pressure drop and turbulence intensity in the gas flow. Furthermore, in 75° hole inclined perforated tray and the standard hole the dry tray pressure drop is similar. From the simulation results it is also determined that in case of higher tray thickness the dry tray pressure drop is lower.On the basis of the CFD simulation results some correlations can be determined for the calculation of the dry tray pressure drop of the different trays.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81250048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Shatalov, K. Trachuk, A. Aydakova, Diana Akhmedova, I. Ivanov, D. Minenkov, I. Blazhevich, Daria Kirillova, S. Kedik
The current investigation is dedicated to the use of mathematical modeling, particularly the method of multifactorial analysis of multi-criteria optimization (MAMO) in pharmaceutical development. During the investigation the algorithmic sequence was offered and the necessary tests were provided. The gained data was interpreted through MAMO. The possibility of using the MAMO for solving the applied problem of purifying the oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrocitrate (OHMG-HC) that is considered to be as a pharmaceutical substance for formation of medicines. The dependencies of purifying conditions that have influence on the final impurities contents and the reasonability of using the suggested algorithm as a means of pharmaceutical development.
{"title":"The Application of Mathematical Modeling Tools in Optimizing the Purification Process of the Substance Oligohexamethyleneguanidine Hydrocitrate","authors":"D. Shatalov, K. Trachuk, A. Aydakova, Diana Akhmedova, I. Ivanov, D. Minenkov, I. Blazhevich, Daria Kirillova, S. Kedik","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21380","url":null,"abstract":"The current investigation is dedicated to the use of mathematical modeling, particularly the method of multifactorial analysis of multi-criteria optimization (MAMO) in pharmaceutical development. During the investigation the algorithmic sequence was offered and the necessary tests were provided. The gained data was interpreted through MAMO. The possibility of using the MAMO for solving the applied problem of purifying the oligohexamethyleneguanidine hydrocitrate (OHMG-HC) that is considered to be as a pharmaceutical substance for formation of medicines. The dependencies of purifying conditions that have influence on the final impurities contents and the reasonability of using the suggested algorithm as a means of pharmaceutical development.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73355785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panna Vezse, János Attila Kalóczkai, D. Ster, L. Bezúr, Ádám Golcs, P. Huszthy, T. Tóth
Dry-column vacuum chromatographic technique is introduced for remediation of wastewater for the first time. A previously prepared chemically modified silica gel containing covalently immobilized Hg2+-selective acridino-crown ether selector molecules was used as an adsorbent. Removal of Hg2+ from highly contaminated river water was carried out to study practical applicability. Adsorption capacity, preconcentration factor, pH-sensitivity and selectivity in separation were determined. The adsorbent proved to be outstanding in selectivity, only Ag+ and Cu2+ interfered among 29 cations, was inert toward organic contaminants, exhibited regenerability and pH-independency between 3.0 ≤ pH ≤ 7.0. The proposed method showed a moderate efficiency in both adsorption (32 mg Hg2+ / 1 g adsorbent) and preconcentration (preconcentration factor of 100). A maximum 10 L of wastewater / 1 g adsorbent ratio is recommended as an upper limit for applicability. The described method showed a unique robustness and simplicity compared to conventional ion-chromatographic methods and an improved selectivity over physical interaction- or simple functional group-based adsorptions.
{"title":"Dry-column Vacuum Chromatographic Removal of Hg2+ from Wastewater Based on an Acridino-crown Ether-modified Spherical Silica Gel Adsorbent","authors":"Panna Vezse, János Attila Kalóczkai, D. Ster, L. Bezúr, Ádám Golcs, P. Huszthy, T. Tóth","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21563","url":null,"abstract":"Dry-column vacuum chromatographic technique is introduced for remediation of wastewater for the first time. A previously prepared chemically modified silica gel containing covalently immobilized Hg2+-selective acridino-crown ether selector molecules was used as an adsorbent. Removal of Hg2+ from highly contaminated river water was carried out to study practical applicability. Adsorption capacity, preconcentration factor, pH-sensitivity and selectivity in separation were determined. The adsorbent proved to be outstanding in selectivity, only Ag+ and Cu2+ interfered among 29 cations, was inert toward organic contaminants, exhibited regenerability and pH-independency between 3.0 ≤ pH ≤ 7.0. The proposed method showed a moderate efficiency in both adsorption (32 mg Hg2+ / 1 g adsorbent) and preconcentration (preconcentration factor of 100). A maximum 10 L of wastewater / 1 g adsorbent ratio is recommended as an upper limit for applicability. The described method showed a unique robustness and simplicity compared to conventional ion-chromatographic methods and an improved selectivity over physical interaction- or simple functional group-based adsorptions.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85388974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Windarti, L. Nulandaya, Widjijono Widjijono, N. Nuryono
Biphasic calcium phosphate substituted cerium (BCP/Ce) is a potential material for osteoporotic bone filler. Synthesis of BCP/Ce was conducted by the sol-gel method. This work aimed to study the influence of cerium as a precursor on the crystal structures, surface properties, and agglomeration of BCP/Ce. A series of samples were prepared by various Ce percentages (0.5–16%) and a constant molar ratio of (Ca + Ce)/P = 1.2. A structural study by Rietveld refinement calculation confirmed that synthesis without Ce produced BCP that contained hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) at a ratio of 93:7. The presence of Ce increased β-TCP content to 73% for the use of Ce 8%. None of Ca in the HA structure was replaced by Ce. Otherwise, Ce replaced Ca in β-TCP structure by isomorphic substitution at the Wyckoff site of 6a (0,0,-0.085) or Ca (4) position. As the maximum occupancy of Ca (4) = 43%, about 17% of that was substituted by Ce for the use of 14% Ce. Ce was found in two states as Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions with Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio > 1. The presence of Ce on the particle surface caused a change in the particle shape, from plate-like to spherical. The particle size decreased to <100 nm with the increase of Ce content. The rise of Ce content in BCP decreased the luminescent property due to the increase of oxygen vacancies. The negative value of Zeta potential confirms that BCP/Ce surface can accommodate bone cell proliferation.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Substituted Cerium as a Potential Osteoporotic Bone Filler","authors":"T. Windarti, L. Nulandaya, Widjijono Widjijono, N. Nuryono","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21111","url":null,"abstract":"Biphasic calcium phosphate substituted cerium (BCP/Ce) is a potential material for osteoporotic bone filler. Synthesis of BCP/Ce was conducted by the sol-gel method. This work aimed to study the influence of cerium as a precursor on the crystal structures, surface properties, and agglomeration of BCP/Ce. A series of samples were prepared by various Ce percentages (0.5–16%) and a constant molar ratio of (Ca + Ce)/P = 1.2. A structural study by Rietveld refinement calculation confirmed that synthesis without Ce produced BCP that contained hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) at a ratio of 93:7. The presence of Ce increased β-TCP content to 73% for the use of Ce 8%. None of Ca in the HA structure was replaced by Ce. Otherwise, Ce replaced Ca in β-TCP structure by isomorphic substitution at the Wyckoff site of 6a (0,0,-0.085) or Ca (4) position. As the maximum occupancy of Ca (4) = 43%, about 17% of that was substituted by Ce for the use of 14% Ce. Ce was found in two states as Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions with Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio > 1. The presence of Ce on the particle surface caused a change in the particle shape, from plate-like to spherical. The particle size decreased to <100 nm with the increase of Ce content. The rise of Ce content in BCP decreased the luminescent property due to the increase of oxygen vacancies. The negative value of Zeta potential confirms that BCP/Ce surface can accommodate bone cell proliferation.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76743862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Agboola, Grace Ayomide Oginni, Olagoke Oladokun, V. Efeovbokhan, A. O. Ayeni, A. Ayoola, Adedayo Adeyanju Adedamola, E. Alagbe, O. Fayomi, Lucey Moropeng, S.K. Ogunlade
Flat thin-film magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes were synthesized with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and employed for natural gas dehydration. The water vapor permeation was most pronounced with a nanocomposite membrane doped with 0.9 g MgO nanoparticles (NP) as a result of a significant upsurge in the permeability of water vapor in the membrane (0.87). With the increase in MgO NP, large macro-voids are created, substratum pore size, and thickness together with the water vapor permeation were upsurged. The dehydration of natural gas performance of magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes synthesized with PET was enhanced with the increase in MgO NP embedded in the membrane. Though water vapor permeation was restricted by the polyester non-woven material used as a support for the nano composite membranes, as the three membranes did not reach the permeation coefficient of 1. However, the permeation coefficient increased with an increased MgO NP, with three mambrane samples (M1, M2 and M3) having permeation coefficient of 0.763, 0.77 and 0.87 respectively. The gas reduced with an increase MgO NP, with M1, M2 and M3 having 3.46×10−2, 3.17×10−2 and 3.88×10−3 kg/m3 respectively. From the adsorption study, the discrepancy observed between CH4 and vapor with isotherm models was ascribed to the different adsorption behavior of CH4 and vapor on the membrane-active area. The cost of making the membrane cannot be considered as a terminal criterion because most of the cost-effective option is not always the optimum one. The membranes confirmed their suitability for the dehydration of natural gas.
以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为原料合成了平面氧化镁-壳聚糖纳米复合膜，并将其用于天然气脱水。当纳米复合膜中掺杂0.9 g MgO纳米粒子(NP)时，其水蒸气渗透性显著提高(0.87)。随着MgO NP的增加，形成了较大的宏观孔隙，基质孔径、厚度和水蒸气渗透率均增大。PET合成的氧化镁-壳聚糖纳米复合膜的天然气脱水性能随着膜中MgO NP的增加而增强。虽然由于纳米复合膜的支撑材料为聚酯无纺布，限制了水蒸气的渗透，但三种膜的渗透系数均未达到1。但随着MgO NP的增加，渗透系数逐渐增大，3种膜样品(M1、M2和M3)的渗透系数分别为0.763、0.77和0.87。随着MgO NP的增加，气体减少，M1、M2和M3分别为3.46×10−2、3.17×10−2和3.88×10−3 kg/ M3。从吸附研究来看，等温模型观察到的CH4和水蒸气的差异归因于CH4和水蒸气在膜活性区域的不同吸附行为。制作膜的成本不能被认为是一个最终标准，因为大多数具有成本效益的选择并不总是最优的。这些膜证实了它们对天然气脱水的适用性。
{"title":"Synthesis of PET-Magnesium Oxide-Chitosan Nanocomposite Membranes for the Dehydration of Natural Gas","authors":"O. Agboola, Grace Ayomide Oginni, Olagoke Oladokun, V. Efeovbokhan, A. O. Ayeni, A. Ayoola, Adedayo Adeyanju Adedamola, E. Alagbe, O. Fayomi, Lucey Moropeng, S.K. Ogunlade","doi":"10.3311/ppch.20729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.20729","url":null,"abstract":"Flat thin-film magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes were synthesized with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and employed for natural gas dehydration. The water vapor permeation was most pronounced with a nanocomposite membrane doped with 0.9 g MgO nanoparticles (NP) as a result of a significant upsurge in the permeability of water vapor in the membrane (0.87). With the increase in MgO NP, large macro-voids are created, substratum pore size, and thickness together with the water vapor permeation were upsurged. The dehydration of natural gas performance of magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes synthesized with PET was enhanced with the increase in MgO NP embedded in the membrane. Though water vapor permeation was restricted by the polyester non-woven material used as a support for the nano composite membranes, as the three membranes did not reach the permeation coefficient of 1. However, the permeation coefficient increased with an increased MgO NP, with three mambrane samples (M1, M2 and M3) having permeation coefficient of 0.763, 0.77 and 0.87 respectively. The gas reduced with an increase MgO NP, with M1, M2 and M3 having 3.46×10−2, 3.17×10−2 and 3.88×10−3 kg/m3 respectively. From the adsorption study, the discrepancy observed between CH4 and vapor with isotherm models was ascribed to the different adsorption behavior of CH4 and vapor on the membrane-active area. The cost of making the membrane cannot be considered as a terminal criterion because most of the cost-effective option is not always the optimum one. The membranes confirmed their suitability for the dehydration of natural gas.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76127640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wijaya, P. M. S. B. Siregar, A. Badri, N. Palapa, Amri Amri, N. Ahmad, A. Lesbani
Mg/Cr-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Cr-LDH) and Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) intercalated metal oxide (Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method which is indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. Mg/Cr-LDH intercalated metal oxide increased its surface area from 21.5 to 38.9 m2/g, while the surface area of Mg/Al-LDH from 23.2 to 30.5 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of Mg/Cr-Cu is 64.156 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 78.740 mg/g for methyl red (MR), and the adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-Cu is 97.087 mg/g for MO and 108.696 mg/g for MR. Equilibrium time on the adsorption process occurred at 90 minutes with adsorption kinetics followed by pseudo-second-order (PSO). The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm equation. Data of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process in this study occurs spontaneously and endothermically. The regeneration results show that Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu can be used for the 5 cycles regeneration process of MO and MR adsorption process. Interactions that occur between adsorbents and adsorbate include physical interactions, interactions with the involvement of hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions.
{"title":"Modified Layered Double Hydroxide Mg/M3+ (M3+ = Al and Cr) Using Metal Oxide (Cu) as Adsorbent for Methyl Orange and Methyl Red Dyes","authors":"A. Wijaya, P. M. S. B. Siregar, A. Badri, N. Palapa, Amri Amri, N. Ahmad, A. Lesbani","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21608","url":null,"abstract":"Mg/Cr-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Cr-LDH) and Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) intercalated metal oxide (Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method which is indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. Mg/Cr-LDH intercalated metal oxide increased its surface area from 21.5 to 38.9 m2/g, while the surface area of Mg/Al-LDH from 23.2 to 30.5 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of Mg/Cr-Cu is 64.156 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 78.740 mg/g for methyl red (MR), and the adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-Cu is 97.087 mg/g for MO and 108.696 mg/g for MR. Equilibrium time on the adsorption process occurred at 90 minutes with adsorption kinetics followed by pseudo-second-order (PSO). The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm equation. Data of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process in this study occurs spontaneously and endothermically. The regeneration results show that Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu can be used for the 5 cycles regeneration process of MO and MR adsorption process. Interactions that occur between adsorbents and adsorbate include physical interactions, interactions with the involvement of hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88829922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafsa Yaiche Achour, Cristina Blanco Llamero, Sid Ahmed Saadi, N. Bouras, A. Zitouni, J. Señoráns
In recent years, intensive research has been conducted on natural carotenoids extraction using several processes. Conventional extraction methods require high amounts of solvents and a long extraction time. However, pressurized liquid extraction demonstrated to be an interesting method. The extraction efficiencies of pressurized liquid for the recovery of carotenoids, from the green and the orange biomasses of the microalga Dunaliella salina DunaDZ1, are described. Organic solvents were tested including ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and a mixture of n-hexane:ethanol (3:4). Moreover, three extraction temperatures were used (90, 120 and 150 °C) at constant pressure. Extraction efficiency and extracts characterization were conducted. Results have shown that temperature has a positive effect on extraction yield. HPLC characterization showed that β-carotene is the main carotenoid in the orange biomass, and lutein in the green biomass, with the presence of other minor carotenoids in both biomasses. The highest carotenoid amounts were found in the n-hexane orange biomass extract, with β-carotene isomers as the main carotenoid (138.54 and 357.10 mg/g of dry extract, for cis and trans isomers, respectively). Otherwise, extracts obtained at the lowest tested temperature provided the best carotenoid yields. The best results for the antioxidant activity were obtained at 120 °C for orange biomass ethyl acetate extract.
{"title":"Pressurized Liquid Extraction for the Recovery of Carotenoids and Functional Compounds from Green and Orange Dunaliella salina Biomasses","authors":"Hafsa Yaiche Achour, Cristina Blanco Llamero, Sid Ahmed Saadi, N. Bouras, A. Zitouni, J. Señoráns","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21386","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, intensive research has been conducted on natural carotenoids extraction using several processes. Conventional extraction methods require high amounts of solvents and a long extraction time. However, pressurized liquid extraction demonstrated to be an interesting method. The extraction efficiencies of pressurized liquid for the recovery of carotenoids, from the green and the orange biomasses of the microalga Dunaliella salina DunaDZ1, are described. Organic solvents were tested including ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and a mixture of n-hexane:ethanol (3:4). Moreover, three extraction temperatures were used (90, 120 and 150 °C) at constant pressure. Extraction efficiency and extracts characterization were conducted. Results have shown that temperature has a positive effect on extraction yield. HPLC characterization showed that β-carotene is the main carotenoid in the orange biomass, and lutein in the green biomass, with the presence of other minor carotenoids in both biomasses. The highest carotenoid amounts were found in the n-hexane orange biomass extract, with β-carotene isomers as the main carotenoid (138.54 and 357.10 mg/g of dry extract, for cis and trans isomers, respectively). Otherwise, extracts obtained at the lowest tested temperature provided the best carotenoid yields. The best results for the antioxidant activity were obtained at 120 °C for orange biomass ethyl acetate extract.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73791735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edible packaging films produced from biomaterials are environmentally friendly, promising alternatives against synthetic plastics films. The aim of this study was to produce a low-cost edible film from waste dry walnut shell by casting method. Effects of the plasticizer type and concentration, lemon essential oil (LEO) and aloe vera gel (AVG) addition on edible films properties were investigated. Produced edible films characterization analysis were realized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Moisture content, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water solubility, swelling index, thicknesses and color parameters of the produced edible films were investigated. Moisture content of the films was decreased between 23.3–50.6% after LEO and AVG addition, except the moisture content of the film plasticized with 20% sorbitol was increased by 518%. WVTR of the films were increased between 8.7–72.3% after LEO and AVG addition due to the hydrophobic character of LEO. Glycerol plasticized edible films water solubility were decreased between 27.3–75.9%, sorbitol plasticized edible films water solubility were increased between 237.5–100.8% with LEO and AVG incorporation. The swelling index of C1 was reduced by 51.5%, C2 was reduced by 62.4%, C4 was reduced by 36.1%. The swelling index of the C3 was increased by 10.5%, C5 was increased by 21.5%. LEO and AVG addition increased to the film thickness maximum 79.2%. Total color changes (ΔE) of glycerol plasticized films were higher than sorbitol plasticized film. The edible film produced can be used in food packaging due to the appropriate physical and barrier properties.
{"title":"Development of Dry Walnut Shell Edible Film Plasticized with Glycerol and/or Sorbitol and Incorporated with Aloe Vera Gel and Lemon Essential Oil","authors":"Berika Girgin, N. Tugrul","doi":"10.3311/ppch.21511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.21511","url":null,"abstract":"Edible packaging films produced from biomaterials are environmentally friendly, promising alternatives against synthetic plastics films. The aim of this study was to produce a low-cost edible film from waste dry walnut shell by casting method. Effects of the plasticizer type and concentration, lemon essential oil (LEO) and aloe vera gel (AVG) addition on edible films properties were investigated. Produced edible films characterization analysis were realized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Moisture content, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water solubility, swelling index, thicknesses and color parameters of the produced edible films were investigated. Moisture content of the films was decreased between 23.3–50.6% after LEO and AVG addition, except the moisture content of the film plasticized with 20% sorbitol was increased by 518%. WVTR of the films were increased between 8.7–72.3% after LEO and AVG addition due to the hydrophobic character of LEO. Glycerol plasticized edible films water solubility were decreased between 27.3–75.9%, sorbitol plasticized edible films water solubility were increased between 237.5–100.8% with LEO and AVG incorporation. The swelling index of C1 was reduced by 51.5%, C2 was reduced by 62.4%, C4 was reduced by 36.1%. The swelling index of the C3 was increased by 10.5%, C5 was increased by 21.5%. LEO and AVG addition increased to the film thickness maximum 79.2%. Total color changes (ΔE) of glycerol plasticized films were higher than sorbitol plasticized film. The edible film produced can be used in food packaging due to the appropriate physical and barrier properties.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90723712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents a robustness study of a previously developed empirical model that links Young's modulus to two key parameters of crystalline structure; crystallinity and lamellae thickness. The reliability of this modulus prediction model was tested by using different calorimeters and different polypropylene grades as well. Small samples were fabricated from injection-molded bars from different locations of the specimens in order to check the effect of structural inhomogeneity originated by the dynamic processing conditions. In addition, the standard deviation and consequently the accuracy of the prediction was tested by repeated calorimetric measurements. The crystalline structure and melting characteristics were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tensile properties of studied specimens were evaluated by standardized tensile tests. Although, the accuracy and reliability of the prediction model is dependent on the instrument used for thermal analysis, reasonably good agreement was found between the predicted and measured values in most cases. However, we may note that only well-calibrated calorimeters are suitable for reliable prediction of the modulus.
{"title":"Robustness Study of a Tensile Modulus Prediction Model for Semicrystalline Polymers","authors":"Ali Zarbali, Balázs Pinke, A. Menyhárd","doi":"10.3311/ppch.20991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.20991","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a robustness study of a previously developed empirical model that links Young's modulus to two key parameters of crystalline structure; crystallinity and lamellae thickness. The reliability of this modulus prediction model was tested by using different calorimeters and different polypropylene grades as well. Small samples were fabricated from injection-molded bars from different locations of the specimens in order to check the effect of structural inhomogeneity originated by the dynamic processing conditions. In addition, the standard deviation and consequently the accuracy of the prediction was tested by repeated calorimetric measurements. The crystalline structure and melting characteristics were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tensile properties of studied specimens were evaluated by standardized tensile tests. Although, the accuracy and reliability of the prediction model is dependent on the instrument used for thermal analysis, reasonably good agreement was found between the predicted and measured values in most cases. However, we may note that only well-calibrated calorimeters are suitable for reliable prediction of the modulus.","PeriodicalId":19922,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83321786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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