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Fabrication, Characterization and Permeation Studies of Ionically Cross-linked Chitosan/Kaolin Composite Membranes 离子交联壳聚糖/高岭土复合膜的制备、表征及渗透研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.21253
S. B. Rekik, S. Gassara, J. Bouaziz, S. Baklouti, A. Deratani
This paper presents the successful preparation of porous membranes based on chitosan with enhanced mechanical, thermal and chemical properties applicable in water treatment field. Herein, chitosan/kaolin composite membranes with a cross-linking agent and a porogen were prepared using the solvent casting method. The characterization of the as-fabricated membranes indicated that the combined effect of kaolin as reinforcing agent, polyethylene glycol as pore former and citric acid as cross-linker in a chitosan matrix showed a significant influence on the membrane properties. The results indicated that the incorporation of a hydrophilic porogenic reagent into the collodion in addition to providing a porous morphology makes it possible to obtain a more hydrophilic membrane, and thus induces an increase in the pure water permeability. The cross-linked membranes exhibited an improved water resistance, better thermal and mechanical properties as compared to neat chitosan films. The cross-linked membranes had a mean pore size of 50 nm falling in the range of ultrafiltration. Their functional properties were determined in terms of pure water filtration and molecular weight cut-off tests.
本文介绍了壳聚糖多孔膜的成功制备,它具有较好的力学、热、化学性能,可应用于水处理领域。采用溶剂浇铸法制备了带有交联剂和多孔剂的壳聚糖/高岭土复合膜。制备的膜的表征表明,在壳聚糖基体中,高岭土作为补强剂,聚乙二醇作为成孔剂,柠檬酸作为交联剂的复合作用对膜的性能有显著影响。结果表明,在胶体中掺入亲水致孔剂除了提供多孔形态外,还可以获得更亲水的膜,从而诱导纯水渗透性的增加。与纯壳聚糖膜相比,交联膜具有更好的耐水性、热性能和力学性能。交联膜的平均孔径为50 nm,在超滤范围内。通过纯水过滤和分子量切断试验确定了它们的功能特性。
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引用次数: 0
Developing a Targeting Approach for Syngas Generation from Natural Gas 开发天然气制合成气的目标方法
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.21115
B. Patel, Bahizire Martin Mukeru
The conversion of natural and unconventional gas into syngas is a crucial intermediate step in the production of various important chemicals and liquid fuels. The syngas generation step usually requires the largest capital investment of the process and may also be very energy intensive. Therefore, determining the most efficient method of converting feedstock into syngas of the correct H2:CO ratio is of significant importance. The aim of this work was to set design and performance targets for different H2:CO ratios (depending on the downstream requirements) in terms of the carbon efficiency (including CO2 utilization or emissions), water usage, and energy requirements. It was shown that the overall process for natural gas tri-reforming is limited by the enthalpy change (ΔH = 0) and this process was able to produce work. It was further shown that high syngas ratios not only require significant amounts of natural gas and oxygen but also emit CO2.
将天然气和非常规天然气转化为合成气是生产各种重要化学品和液体燃料的关键中间步骤。合成气生产步骤通常需要最大的资本投资的过程,也可能是非常能源密集型。因此,确定将原料转化为H2:CO比例正确的合成气的最有效方法是非常重要的。这项工作的目的是在碳效率(包括二氧化碳利用或排放)、用水量和能源需求方面,为不同的H2:CO比例(取决于下游要求)设定设计和性能目标。结果表明,天然气三重整的整个过程受到焓变(ΔH = 0)的限制,该过程能够产生功。研究进一步表明,高合成气比例不仅需要大量的天然气和氧气,而且还会排放二氧化碳。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Fe Addition on Anaerobic Digestion Process in Treating Vinasse: Experimental and Kinetic Studies 添加铁对处理酒渣厌氧消化过程的影响:实验与动力学研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.20611
I. Syaichurrozi, S. Sarto, W. B. Sediawan, M. Hidayat
Vinasse is a continuously resulting waste by a bioethanol industry with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and a large volume. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the best method to treat vinasse because it converts COD to biogas, so the biogas can support the Indonesia's primary energy need. The goal of this study was to study the effect of Fe concentration on the AD process in treating the vinasse. The Fe concentration was varied to 0.06, 0.29, 0.64, 0.99 g/L. The results showed that increasing the Fe concentration from 0.06 to 0.29 g/L intensified the biogas yield by 360% (from 10.8 to 49.6 mL/g COD). However, further increasing the Fe concentration to 0.99 g/L decreased the biogas yield by 37.8% (from 10.8 to 6.7 mL/g COD). The Fe significantly affected the methane formation stage, but not the acid formation stage. A mechanistic model was built and successfully applied to predict the AD process. Based on the simulation results, Fe concentration of 0.29 g/L resulted in the highest values of YVFA/X2 (yield of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) consumption per biomass of X2 ), μm,2 (specific growth rate for X2 ),  fCH4 (composition of methane in biogas) and the lowest values of Ks,VFA (affinity coefficient in VFAs consumption), kd2 (death rate constant for X2 ), kVFA (consumption rate of VFAs for maintenance). The addition of Fe until 0.29 g/L was recommended to increase the quantity and quality (methane content reached 53.4%) of biogas production.
酒糟是生物乙醇工业连续产生的化学需氧量(COD)浓度高、体积大的废弃物。厌氧消化(AD)是处理酒糟的最佳方法,因为它将COD转化为沼气,因此沼气可以满足印度尼西亚的一次能源需求。本研究的目的是研究铁浓度对处理酒糟AD过程的影响。Fe浓度分别为0.06、0.29、0.64、0.99 g/L。结果表明,当Fe浓度从0.06 g/L增加到0.29 g/L时,沼气产量提高了360% (COD从10.8 mL/g提高到49.6 mL/g)。然而,当铁浓度进一步增加到0.99 g/L时,沼气产量下降了37.8%(从10.8 mL/g COD降至6.7 mL/g COD)。铁对甲烷形成阶段的影响显著,而对酸形成阶段的影响不显著。建立了一个机制模型,并成功地应用于AD过程的预测。模拟结果表明,当Fe浓度为0.29 g/L时,每生物量消耗的挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)产率(YVFA/X2)、特定生长率(μm,2)、甲烷组成(fCH4)值最高,而挥发性脂肪酸消耗亲和系数(VFA)、死亡率常数(kd2)、维持用挥发性脂肪酸消耗速率(kVFA)值最低。建议添加铁至0.29 g/L,可提高沼气产量和质量(甲烷含量达53.4%)。
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引用次数: 2
Recent List of Cyclodextrin-Containing Drug Products 含环糊精的药品最新清单
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.21222
I. Puskás, L. Szente, Levente Szőcs, É. Fenyvesi
The number of the cyclodextrin-containing drug formulations on the market has been continuously growing since the first drug (prostaglandin E1 formulated with α-cyclodextrin) was launched in Japan in 1976. We have collected a list of drugs from various sources available on the internet to find 130 approved pharmaceutical ingredients formulated with either parent cyclodextrins or their hydroxypropyl, sulfobutyl, random methylated or sulfolipo derivatives. We have sorted the drug products according to the cavity size of the cyclodextrins, the administration route and dosage forms.
自1976年第一种药物(α-环糊精配制的前列腺素E1)在日本上市以来,市场上含环糊精的药物制剂的数量不断增加。我们从互联网上的各种来源收集了一份药物清单,找到了130种经批准的药物成分,这些成分由母体环糊精或它们的羟丙基、磺基丁基、随机甲基化或磺基丁基衍生物组成。我们根据环糊精的空腔大小、给药途径和剂型对药品进行了分类。
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引用次数: 9
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents from Avocado (Persea americana) Seed Extract Encapsulated in Gum Arabic through Spray Drying Method 喷雾干燥法从阿拉伯胶包封的鳄梨(Persea americana)种子提取物中提取抗氧化剂和抗菌剂
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.20698
D. B. Kautsar, M. F. Rois, Nurul Faizah, W. Widiyastuti, T. Nurtono, H. Setyawan
In this work, the objective is to utilize avocado seed extract as a cheap alternative source of active compounds and was successfully encapsulated using gum arabic by spray drying as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. First, the active compounds were extracted from avocado seed using solvent n-hexane and followed by solvent separation using rotary vacuum evaporator. Next, gum arabic as the encapsulation agent was added to avocado seed extract to form an emulsion, then spray-dried with drying air at a temperature of 140 °C. The mass ratio of avocado seed was varied at extract: gum arabic of 5:5, 5:10, 5:15, and 5:20. Then, the particle morphology, yield, moisture content, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, chemical groups, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial ability were analyzed to investigate the performance of the encapsulation particles. Among the ranges studied, the extract–gum arabic with a mass ratio of 5:10 exhibited the best properties of yield powder, loading capacity, and encapsulation efficiency at 49.78%, 3.43%, and 7.33%, respectively. The encapsulated particles have smooth surface, crackless, lower indentation, and a single-core encapsulation structure with an average diameter of 4.60 μm. Besides, the stability of antioxidant activity decreased by 2.36%, from 94.82% to 92.46% for four weeks of storage. They also performed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, which were maintained after seven days. Meanwhile for avocado seed extract only, the unencapsulated stability of antioxidant activity has continually decrease from 91.58% to 84.05% and performed no antimicrobial activity against E. coli after seven days.
在这项工作中,目的是利用鳄梨种子提取物作为一种廉价的活性化合物的替代来源,并通过喷雾干燥的方法成功地用阿拉伯胶包封作为抗氧化剂和抗菌剂。首先用正己烷溶剂提取牛油果籽中的活性物质,然后用旋转真空蒸发器进行溶剂分离。然后将阿拉伯胶作为包封剂加入牛油果籽提取物中形成乳化液,然后在140℃的干燥温度下用干燥空气喷雾干燥。牛油果种子在阿拉伯胶提取液中的质量比分别为5:5、5:10、5:15和5:20。然后,对包封颗粒的形貌、产率、含水率、包封效率、负载能力、化学基团、抗氧化活性和抗菌能力进行了分析。其中,质量比为5:10的提取液-阿拉伯胶的产粉率、载药量和包封率分别为49.78%、3.43%和7.33%,性能最佳。包埋颗粒表面光滑、无裂纹、压痕低,为平均直径为4.60 μm的单芯包埋结构。贮藏4周后,其抗氧化活性稳定性从94.82%下降到92.46%,下降了2.36%。它们还对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,并在7天后保持这种活性。仅牛油果籽提取物的抗氧化活性的未包封稳定性从91.58%持续下降到84.05%,7天后对大肠杆菌无抑菌活性。
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引用次数: 3
Application of MIA-QSAR in Designing New Protein P38 MAP Kinase Compounds Using a Genetic Algorithm MIA-QSAR在遗传算法设计新的蛋白P38 MAP激酶化合物中的应用
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.20852
Mithra Mirshafiei, A. Niazi, A. Yazdanipour
Multivariate image analysis quantitative structure-activity relationship (MIA-QSAR) study aims to obtain information from a descriptor set, which are image pixels of two-dimensional molecule structures. In the QSAR study of protein P38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase compounds, the genetic algorithm application for pixel selection and image processing is investigated. There is a quantitative relationship between the structure and the pIC50 based on the information obtained. (The pIC50 is the negative logarithm of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration ( IC50 ), so pIC50 = −log IC50 .) Protein P38 MAP kinase inhibitors are used in the treatment of malignant tumors. The development of a model to predict the pIC50 of these compounds was performed in this study. To accomplish this, the molecules were first plotted and fixed in the same coordinates in ChemSketch. Then, the images were processed in the MATLAB program. Partial least squares (PLS) model, orthogonal signal correction partial least squares (OSC-PLS) model, and genetic algorithm partial least squares (GA-PLS) model methods are used to generate quantitative models, and pIC50 prediction is performed. The GA-PLS model has the highest predictive power for a series of statistical parameters such as root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP). Finally, the molecular junction (docking) was done for predicted molecules in quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) with an appropriate receptor and acceptable results were obtained. These results are good and proper for the prediction of compounds with better properties.
多变量图像分析定量构效关系(MIA-QSAR)研究旨在从描述符集中获取信息,该描述符集是二维分子结构的图像像素。在蛋白P38有丝分裂原活化蛋白(MAP)激酶化合物的QSAR研究中,研究了遗传算法在像素选择和图像处理中的应用。根据所获得的信息,结构与pIC50之间存在定量关系。(pIC50是半最大抑制浓度(IC50)的负对数,因此pIC50 = - log IC50。)蛋白P38 MAP激酶抑制剂用于治疗恶性肿瘤。本研究建立了预测这些化合物pIC50的模型。为了做到这一点,首先在ChemSketch中将分子绘制并固定在相同的坐标上。然后在MATLAB程序中对图像进行处理。采用偏最小二乘(PLS)模型、正交信号校正偏最小二乘(OSC-PLS)模型和遗传算法偏最小二乘(GA-PLS)模型方法生成定量模型,并进行pIC50预测。GA-PLS模型对预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和相对标准误差(RSEP)等一系列统计参数具有最高的预测能力。最后,将定量构效关系(QSAR)中预测的分子与合适的受体进行分子连接(对接),得到了可接受的结果。这些结果对于预测性能较好的化合物具有良好的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel (±)-trans-Dihydronarciclasine Analogues: Preparation of a Pivotal Intermediate Containing Two Methoxy Substituents 新型(±)-反式二氢精氨酸类似物的立体选择性合成:含两个甲氧基取代基的关键中间体的制备
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.20438
Balázs Lévai, Gábor Varró, A. Simon, L. Hegedűs, I. Kádas
An efficient stereoselective synthesis of a pivotal intermediate, a cyclic allyl alcohol derivative containing two methoxy groups [(±)-22], using for the preparation of (±)-trans-dihydronarciclasine analogues was elaborated starting from easily available and inexpensive methyl gallate. This new synthetic route consists of 17 reaction steps, and provides an opportunity to obtain the wanted alkaloid derivative containing an additional methoxy group at position 11, in the ring A of the phenanthridone scaffold.
本文以容易获得且价格低廉的没食子酸甲酯为原料,高效立体选择性合成了一种关键中间体,一种含有两个甲氧基[±)-22]的环烯丙醇衍生物,用于制备(±)-反式二氢精氨酸类似物。这种新的合成路线包括17个反应步骤,并提供了一个机会,以获得所需的生物碱衍生物含有一个额外的甲氧基在位置11,在非那恶酮支架的A环。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Surfactants and pH Modifying Agents on the Dissolution and Permeation of Pimobendan 表面活性剂和pH改性剂对比莫苯丹溶解和渗透的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.20970
Petra Tőzsér, Luca L. Kovács, Szabina Kádár, Dóra Csicsák, P. Sóti, Gergely Völgyi, B. Sinkó, Z. Nagy, Enikő Borbás
Solubility and permeability are key parameters for establishing in vitro-in vivo correlation for poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Recent studies demonstrate that not only solubility, but also effective permeability of the API may change due to the addition of solubilizing agents, and there is a certain mathematical relation between these physicochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to show the importance of early screening of solubility and permeability in presence of additives in order to achieve the expected bioavailability of the API. In this work, the effect of surfactants and microenvironmental pH modifiers were in focus, and pimobendan was chosen as model drug.In the case of pH modifiers, the equilibrium solubility of the API increased, while the permeability decreased significantly. No negative effect was observed for two surfactants at low additive levels, but these two additives also exhibited a slightly negative effect on permeability when used at higher concentrations. In the simultaneous dissolution-permeation studies the surfactants-containing formulation was found to have slightly higher flux than the pH-modifier-containing one. It can be due to the phenomenon that the dissolution of the active substance can be enhanced by these surfactants without any significant permeability reducing effect.The results obtained from the present study clearly demonstrate the importance of studying drug-additive interactions in every step of formulation development and based on these, the selection of the appropriate quality and quantity of additives. In addition, the results also underline the significance of performing simultaneous dissolution-permeation studies to predict bioavailability.
水溶性差的活性药物成分的溶解度和渗透性是建立其体内外相关性的关键参数。最近的研究表明,增溶剂的加入不仅会改变原料药的溶解度,还会改变原料药的有效渗透率,并且这些理化参数之间存在一定的数学关系。本研究的目的是显示在添加剂存在的情况下早期筛选溶解度和渗透性的重要性,以实现原料药的预期生物利用度。本研究重点研究了表面活性剂和微环境pH调节剂的作用,并选择匹莫苯丹作为模型药物。在pH改性剂的情况下,原料药的平衡溶解度增加,而渗透率明显降低。两种表面活性剂在较低的添加水平下对渗透率没有负面影响,但在较高的浓度下,这两种表面活性剂对渗透率也有轻微的负面影响。在同时溶透研究中,发现含表面活性剂的配方比含ph改性剂的配方具有稍高的通量。这可能是由于这种现象,这些表面活性剂可以增强活性物质的溶解,而没有明显的降低渗透性的作用。本研究的结果清楚地表明,研究药物添加剂的相互作用在配方开发的每一步的重要性,并以此为基础,选择适当的质量和数量的添加剂。此外,研究结果还强调了同时进行溶出渗透研究对预测生物利用度的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Processing and Characterization of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets 六方氮化硼纳米片增强聚丙烯纳米复合薄膜的制备与表征
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.20589
G. Bayramoglu, Mehmet Mudu
In this study, we synthesized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNN) via the molten hydroxide exfoliation method which results in small flakes and nanoscrolls. The resultant h-BNNs can be dispersed in various solvents such as water, ethanol, and acetone, and form a stable dispersion. The morphological and structural analysis of h-BNNs were performed with Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The masterbatch (MB) method was used to incorporate the h-BNNs into the polypropylene (PP) matrix via melt mixing. Dilution and film production processes were performed using a twin screw extruder. Nanocomposite films having an h-BNN weight ratio of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% were prepared. Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the thermal stability. Crystallization (Tc) temperatures were increased with the increased amount of h-BNNs and h-BNNs nucleating agent behavior on the PP crystallization was observed. Oxidation induction time (OIT) of the pure PP was increased from 8.84 min to 17.82 min. The results show a considerable effect of the h-BNN content on the thermo-oxidative stability of the nanocomposites studied. The rheological and mechanical properties of the PP-hBNN nanocomposite films were also determined depending on the particle loading ratio. Optimum particle content providing the best thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties were found to be 3% wt.
在本研究中,我们采用熔融氢氧化物剥离法合成了六方氮化硼纳米片(h-BNN),得到了小薄片和纳米卷。得到的h- bnn可以分散在各种溶剂中,如水、乙醇和丙酮,并形成稳定的分散体。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、x射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对h-BNNs进行了形态和结构分析。采用母粒(MB)法将h-BNNs通过熔融混合掺入聚丙烯(PP)基体中。稀释和薄膜生产过程使用双螺杆挤出机进行。制备了h-BNN重量比分别为1%、2%、3%和5%的纳米复合膜。采用热重分析仪(TGA)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对其热稳定性进行了研究。结晶温度(Tc)随h-BNNs用量的增加而升高,并观察到h-BNNs成核剂对PP结晶的影响。纯PP的氧化诱导时间(OIT)从8.84 min增加到17.82 min。结果表明,h-BNN含量对所研究的纳米复合材料的热氧化稳定性有相当大的影响。PP-hBNN纳米复合膜的流变学和力学性能也随颗粒负载比的变化而变化。最佳颗粒含量提供最佳的热,机械和流变性能被发现是3%重量。
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引用次数: 0
Formaldehyde Adsorption and Sensing: A Density Functional Theory Study on Pd4 Nanocluster Decorated CNT Structure Pd4纳米簇修饰碳纳米管结构的密度泛函理论研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3311/ppch.20522
N. Yuksel, A. Kose, Mehmet Ferdi Fellah
The sensing of formaldehyde, one of the volatile organic compounds used in chemical processes, is very important. In this study, the adsorption and sensing of formaldehyde molecule on Pd4 nanocluster decorated carbon nanotube (Pd4-CNT) was investigated by using DFT method. The WB97XD hybrid method was used in DFT calculations. The adsorption energy value was calculated as −8.1 kJ/mol. This low adsorption energy confirms the very short recovery time and the predominance of weak interactions. There was a decrease of approximately 20% in the HOMO-LUMO gap after the interaction. This result shows that the Pd4-CNT can be used as a sensor at room temperature.
甲醛是化学过程中使用的挥发性有机化合物之一,它的检测是非常重要的。本研究采用DFT方法研究了Pd4纳米簇修饰碳纳米管(Pd4- cnt)对甲醛分子的吸附和传感。DFT计算采用WB97XD混合方法。吸附能为−8.1 kJ/mol。这种低吸附能证实了极短的恢复时间和弱相互作用的优势。相互作用后,HOMO-LUMO间隙减小了约20%。这一结果表明Pd4-CNT可以在室温下用作传感器。
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引用次数: 0
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Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering
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