Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.344348
Khurin In Wahyuni, Yunita Nita, Elida Zairina
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) describes Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) as a comprehensive service provided by several health workers from different professional backgrounds, collaborating with patients, families and communities to provide quality services. Objective: To investigate the relationship between professions, gender, length of employment and age with IPC. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two type C hospitals in East Java from June to July, 2022. The total sampling technique used involved doctors, pharmacists, nurses and nutritionists. Informed consent was given to all study participants. The Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) questionnaire used a five-point Likert scale which comprising eight domains. Results: From the lowest average results for each domain, significant differences were found in the education group with the domain "team relations with the community, namely the pharmacist profession". Conclusion: Doctors, pharmacists, nurses and nutritionists have different levels of IPC perception in eight domains but there were no significant differences.
{"title":"Perception of healthcare personnel in interprofessional collaborations: A study in two “type c” hospitals in East Java","authors":"Khurin In Wahyuni, Yunita Nita, Elida Zairina","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.344348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.344348","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) describes Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) as a comprehensive service provided by several health workers from different professional backgrounds, collaborating with patients, families and communities to provide quality services. Objective: To investigate the relationship between professions, gender, length of employment and age with IPC. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two type C hospitals in East Java from June to July, 2022. The total sampling technique used involved doctors, pharmacists, nurses and nutritionists. Informed consent was given to all study participants. The Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) questionnaire used a five-point Likert scale which comprising eight domains. Results: From the lowest average results for each domain, significant differences were found in the education group with the domain \"team relations with the community, namely the pharmacist profession\". Conclusion: Doctors, pharmacists, nurses and nutritionists have different levels of IPC perception in eight domains but there were no significant differences.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Regulations for managing the distribution of pharmacies have been established in several countries, including Indonesia. The guidelines for establishing pharmacies have been published at some levels of government. However, the location of pharmacies in Indonesia is still uneven. Objective: to observe the regulations for determining the location of pharmacies in Indonesia Method: This paper documents several rules issued by the government, food and drug regulatory agencies, and pharmacists’ professional organisations that are related to the distribution of pharmacies in Indonesia. Result: There were no specific regulations governing the location of pharmacy distribution in Indonesia. Elaboration of laws about location distribution only regulates environmental waste management. Conclusion: The three factors that make it possible to improve the accessibility of pharmacies in Indonesia are 1) regulation of pharmacy ownership; 2) space between pharmacies; and 3) incentives for pharmacies in remote areas
{"title":"Regulations of the distribution of pharmaceutical services (pharmacies) locations in Indonesia: A review","authors":"None Catur Dian Setiawan, Arief Wibowo, Umi Athiyah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.274278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.274278","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regulations for managing the distribution of pharmacies have been established in several countries, including Indonesia. The guidelines for establishing pharmacies have been published at some levels of government. However, the location of pharmacies in Indonesia is still uneven. Objective: to observe the regulations for determining the location of pharmacies in Indonesia Method: This paper documents several rules issued by the government, food and drug regulatory agencies, and pharmacists’ professional organisations that are related to the distribution of pharmacies in Indonesia. Result: There were no specific regulations governing the location of pharmacy distribution in Indonesia. Elaboration of laws about location distribution only regulates environmental waste management. Conclusion: The three factors that make it possible to improve the accessibility of pharmacies in Indonesia are 1) regulation of pharmacy ownership; 2) space between pharmacies; and 3) incentives for pharmacies in remote areas","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There had been no research on shared leadership at the team level in diverse organisation. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of shared intersectoral leadership on family planning programme’s performance. Method: This was an observational study with a prospective longitudinal time series design. This study distributed questionnaires to 30 teams which were taken by simple random sampling to provide agreed answers. The measurement of the impact of shared leadership on performance was carried out three times. Linear regression was then used to analyse the data. The shared leadership team qualified as adequate. Result: The beta coefficient value indicated that shared leadership had a strong impact on the team’s performance of the family planning programme with a value of 0.817 - 0.824 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Once the shared leadership approach is effectively utilised, the team performance of family planning programmes will improve.
{"title":"Intersectoral leadership on family planning programme performance: A prospective longitudinal study","authors":"Anif Prasetyorini, None Muhadi, None Puryanti, Thinni Nurul Rochmah, Fendy Suhariadi","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.154158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.154158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There had been no research on shared leadership at the team level in diverse organisation. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of shared intersectoral leadership on family planning programme’s performance. Method: This was an observational study with a prospective longitudinal time series design. This study distributed questionnaires to 30 teams which were taken by simple random sampling to provide agreed answers. The measurement of the impact of shared leadership on performance was carried out three times. Linear regression was then used to analyse the data. The shared leadership team qualified as adequate. Result: The beta coefficient value indicated that shared leadership had a strong impact on the team’s performance of the family planning programme with a value of 0.817 - 0.824 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Once the shared leadership approach is effectively utilised, the team performance of family planning programmes will improve.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) is an intervention designed to optimise the appropriate use of antibiotics is expected to reduce selective pressure on microbes, control antimicrobial resistance, improve patient clinical outcomes, and cost reduction. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of antimicrobial stewardship on "reserve" antibiotics use and procuring cost of antibiotics in hospitals. Method: The study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. A retrospective observational design study to analyse trends of "reserve" antibiotics use and procuring cost before AMS implementation (January 2018-December 2019) and after AMS implementation (January 2020-December 2021). Results: The total meropenem consumption before AMS intervention in January 2018-December 2019 was 9950 DDD, and after AMS intervention in January 2020-December 2021 was 4639 DDD, showing a decrease of 53 %. Procuring Meropenem cost in 2018-2019 was Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 1.490 billion and IDR 309 million between 2020 to 2021. Cost reduction positively impacts saving procurement costs in hospitals of IDR 1.18 billion (79%). Conclusion: The impact antimicrobial stewardship programs can reduce reserve antibiotic use with meropenem indicator and have a sustainable economic impact, saving the cost of procuring antibiotics in hospitals.
{"title":"The impact of antimicrobial stewardship on reserve antibiotic use and procuring cost","authors":"Mariyatul Qibtiyah, Joni Wahyuhadi, Junaidi Khotib","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.149153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.149153","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) is an intervention designed to optimise the appropriate use of antibiotics is expected to reduce selective pressure on microbes, control antimicrobial resistance, improve patient clinical outcomes, and cost reduction. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of antimicrobial stewardship on \"reserve\" antibiotics use and procuring cost of antibiotics in hospitals. Method: The study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. A retrospective observational design study to analyse trends of \"reserve\" antibiotics use and procuring cost before AMS implementation (January 2018-December 2019) and after AMS implementation (January 2020-December 2021). Results: The total meropenem consumption before AMS intervention in January 2018-December 2019 was 9950 DDD, and after AMS intervention in January 2020-December 2021 was 4639 DDD, showing a decrease of 53 %. Procuring Meropenem cost in 2018-2019 was Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 1.490 billion and IDR 309 million between 2020 to 2021. Cost reduction positively impacts saving procurement costs in hospitals of IDR 1.18 billion (79%). Conclusion: The impact antimicrobial stewardship programs can reduce reserve antibiotic use with meropenem indicator and have a sustainable economic impact, saving the cost of procuring antibiotics in hospitals.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.6065
Ahmad Dzulfikri Nurhan, Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty, Juni Ekowati
Background: The morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis (TB) remain high in various countries as a result of pharmacological intervention failures, such as incomplete treatment regimens and inadequate doses, triggering resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to anti-TB drugs used. This phenomenon requires innovation to explore and develop novel anti-TB drugs so that the problem of resistance is overcome and treatment of TB is more optimal. Objective: In this study, chemoinformatics investigations were carried out on quassinoids derived from Brucea javanica to be developed as anti-TB drugs. Method: Evaluation of drug-likeness with the SwissADME online tool, prediction of toxicity with the pkCSM online tool, and molecular docking studies with AutoDock Vina software were performed on 18 quassinoids from Brucea javanica. Result: The findings showed that Bruceine A, Bruceine, and Bruceine D, met the drug-likeness criteria, showed a good toxicity profile, and had better binding energy (-7.5; -7.5; and -7 kcal/mol, respectively) than isoniazid (-5.8 kcal/mol) which is a first-line anti-TB drug on enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA; PDB ID: 2NSD). Conclusion: This study found several quassinoids from Brucea javanica with the potential to be developed as anti-TB drugs.
{"title":"Chemoinformatics approach to the screening and development of quassinoids from Brucea javanica as antituberculosis drugs","authors":"Ahmad Dzulfikri Nurhan, Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty, Juni Ekowati","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.6065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.6065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis (TB) remain high in various countries as a result of pharmacological intervention failures, such as incomplete treatment regimens and inadequate doses, triggering resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to anti-TB drugs used. This phenomenon requires innovation to explore and develop novel anti-TB drugs so that the problem of resistance is overcome and treatment of TB is more optimal. Objective: In this study, chemoinformatics investigations were carried out on quassinoids derived from Brucea javanica to be developed as anti-TB drugs. Method: Evaluation of drug-likeness with the SwissADME online tool, prediction of toxicity with the pkCSM online tool, and molecular docking studies with AutoDock Vina software were performed on 18 quassinoids from Brucea javanica. Result: The findings showed that Bruceine A, Bruceine, and Bruceine D, met the drug-likeness criteria, showed a good toxicity profile, and had better binding energy (-7.5; -7.5; and -7 kcal/mol, respectively) than isoniazid (-5.8 kcal/mol) which is a first-line anti-TB drug on enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA; PDB ID: 2NSD). Conclusion: This study found several quassinoids from Brucea javanica with the potential to be developed as anti-TB drugs.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that frequently arises during the second trimester, typically after 20 weeks of pregnancy, requiring increased awareness and vigilance. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse factors affecting pregnant women’s behaviours in early detection of warning signs of preeclampsia (PE) based on the health belief model. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 225 respondents as research subjects in Tuban Regency. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. Data analysis employed structural equal modelling. Results: The results demonstrated that sociodemographic factors had an indirect pathway toward detection behaviours of the PE warning signs through perceived susceptibility/severity and perceived barrier. Health belief factors, including perceived susceptibility/severity, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and perceived self-efficacy, had direct pathways toward detection behaviours of the PE warning signs. Cues to action had both direct and indirect pathways toward detection behaviours of the PE warning signs. Conclusion: Improvement of promotion efforts and comprehensive health education by incorporating cognitive, physiological, and psychosocial beliefs were immensely required to enhance better detection behaviours.
{"title":"Pregnant women behaviours in early detection of preeclampsia warning signs based on health belief model: A structural equal modelling analysis","authors":"Dwi Rukma Santi, Dewi Retno Suminar, Shrimarti Rukmini Devy, None Mahmudah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.7681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.7681","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that frequently arises during the second trimester, typically after 20 weeks of pregnancy, requiring increased awareness and vigilance. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse factors affecting pregnant women’s behaviours in early detection of warning signs of preeclampsia (PE) based on the health belief model. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 225 respondents as research subjects in Tuban Regency. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. Data analysis employed structural equal modelling. Results: The results demonstrated that sociodemographic factors had an indirect pathway toward detection behaviours of the PE warning signs through perceived susceptibility/severity and perceived barrier. Health belief factors, including perceived susceptibility/severity, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and perceived self-efficacy, had direct pathways toward detection behaviours of the PE warning signs. Cues to action had both direct and indirect pathways toward detection behaviours of the PE warning signs. Conclusion: Improvement of promotion efforts and comprehensive health education by incorporating cognitive, physiological, and psychosocial beliefs were immensely required to enhance better detection behaviours.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.233237
Bella Donna Perdana Putra, Pratiwi Asih A.N.T, Budi Suprapti, Dery P Arina, Mulya Sundari
Background: Anticoagulants can prevent thromboembolic activities, improve prognosis, and reduce the mortality rate in Covid-19 patients with coagulopathy. Objective: To analyse the effect of Fondaparinux in decreasing D-dimer levels, and to determine the correlation between patient characteristics, disease severity, and D-dimer levels. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study using the medical records of Covid-19 in-patients who were ≥ 17 years old, on Fondaparinux 2.5 mg OD and had D-dimer measurement pre-and post-five days-Fondaparinux therapy during hospitalisation at referral general hospital in Bengkulu, Indonesia between April 2020 and December 2021. The data were assessed to evaluate the differences in the pre-post D-dimer levels, the relationship between patient characteristics and disease severity, and the relationship between disease severity and D-dimer levels. Results: A total of thirty-six patients were included in this study, of which 52.78% were males and 44.44% were aged 46-55 years old. Furthermore, 88.89% had comorbidity, and 55.55% had moderate severity. There was a significant decrease in D-dimer levels in all disease severity (p < 0.05). Patient characteristics and disease severity were not associated with D-dimer depletion (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Fondaparinux reduced the D-dimer levels in all severity of Covid-19 patients.
{"title":"Effect of fondaparinux anticoagulants on D-dimer levels in Covid-19 patients","authors":"Bella Donna Perdana Putra, Pratiwi Asih A.N.T, Budi Suprapti, Dery P Arina, Mulya Sundari","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.233237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.233237","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anticoagulants can prevent thromboembolic activities, improve prognosis, and reduce the mortality rate in Covid-19 patients with coagulopathy. Objective: To analyse the effect of Fondaparinux in decreasing D-dimer levels, and to determine the correlation between patient characteristics, disease severity, and D-dimer levels. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study using the medical records of Covid-19 in-patients who were ≥ 17 years old, on Fondaparinux 2.5 mg OD and had D-dimer measurement pre-and post-five days-Fondaparinux therapy during hospitalisation at referral general hospital in Bengkulu, Indonesia between April 2020 and December 2021. The data were assessed to evaluate the differences in the pre-post D-dimer levels, the relationship between patient characteristics and disease severity, and the relationship between disease severity and D-dimer levels. Results: A total of thirty-six patients were included in this study, of which 52.78% were males and 44.44% were aged 46-55 years old. Furthermore, 88.89% had comorbidity, and 55.55% had moderate severity. There was a significant decrease in D-dimer levels in all disease severity (p < 0.05). Patient characteristics and disease severity were not associated with D-dimer depletion (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Fondaparinux reduced the D-dimer levels in all severity of Covid-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Continuity of care is an important attribute of healthcare. Problems are particularly common when many patients are discharged from hospitals to primary healthcare centres. However, data on problems in continuity of care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were limited and inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to identify problems in continuity of care in Indonesia. Method: This observational study was conducted from January to February 2022 in five selected primary healthcare centres (PHC) in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Data were collected using a checklist of the patient’s routine visits, care planning service and follow-up during the transition. Result: Thirty patients were recruited based on their risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most patients (60%) did not visit the PHC routinely as scheduled, and around 37% of patient medical records were not filled due to inconsistency in the physician assigned per visit. Only six respondents received patient books concerning medication management, while the rest did not get any. Follow-ups for HbA1C testing that were supposed to be provided biannually were not conducted, and only one patient underwent routine fasting blood glucose tests every month. Conclusion: The continuity of care for patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia was lacking due to non-adherence to regular treatment, inadequate documentation and absence of follow-up services.
{"title":"Problems in continuity of care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Agnes Christie Rinda, Umi Athiyah, Andi Hermansyah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.238241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.238241","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Continuity of care is an important attribute of healthcare. Problems are particularly common when many patients are discharged from hospitals to primary healthcare centres. However, data on problems in continuity of care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were limited and inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to identify problems in continuity of care in Indonesia. Method: This observational study was conducted from January to February 2022 in five selected primary healthcare centres (PHC) in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Data were collected using a checklist of the patient’s routine visits, care planning service and follow-up during the transition. Result: Thirty patients were recruited based on their risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most patients (60%) did not visit the PHC routinely as scheduled, and around 37% of patient medical records were not filled due to inconsistency in the physician assigned per visit. Only six respondents received patient books concerning medication management, while the rest did not get any. Follow-ups for HbA1C testing that were supposed to be provided biannually were not conducted, and only one patient underwent routine fasting blood glucose tests every month. Conclusion: The continuity of care for patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia was lacking due to non-adherence to regular treatment, inadequate documentation and absence of follow-up services.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Momordica charantia seed oil and powder are potential ingredients for a body scrub. The seeds contain fatty acids to moisturise the skin, and the mineral content to remove dead skin cells and nourish the skin. Objective: To determine the optimal efficiency of Momordica charantia seed oil and powder on body scrub cream produce. Methods: The body scrub used W/O (water-in-Oil) cream base. Simplex Lattice Design was used to determine five formulas. The irritation test with the Draize Skin Test method was carried out on rats (n = three, in each formula), and the Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII) was calculated. Informed consent from the female participants has been obtained for the hedonic test. Results: The body scrub cream produced appropriate organoleptic, was not irritating, and was stable after centrifugation and cycling test. The optimum formula contained five grams of oil and one gram of powder with a pH of 5.21; viscosity of 205.33 dPa.s; spreading of 6.12cm; adhesion time of 19.86 seconds; rate of washing of 20.60 seconds; a colour value of 4.04; scent value of 2.90; and texture value of 2.98. Conclusion: The optimised body scrub cream yielded a good formula which can be developed as a body scrub preparation.
{"title":"Optimisation of seed oil and powder of Momordica charantia in the formulation of body scrub cream","authors":"Lina Winarti, Shifwatu Dzakkiyah, Eka Deddy Irawan, Erlia Narulita","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.127131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.127131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Momordica charantia seed oil and powder are potential ingredients for a body scrub. The seeds contain fatty acids to moisturise the skin, and the mineral content to remove dead skin cells and nourish the skin. Objective: To determine the optimal efficiency of Momordica charantia seed oil and powder on body scrub cream produce. Methods: The body scrub used W/O (water-in-Oil) cream base. Simplex Lattice Design was used to determine five formulas. The irritation test with the Draize Skin Test method was carried out on rats (n = three, in each formula), and the Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII) was calculated. Informed consent from the female participants has been obtained for the hedonic test. Results: The body scrub cream produced appropriate organoleptic, was not irritating, and was stable after centrifugation and cycling test. The optimum formula contained five grams of oil and one gram of powder with a pH of 5.21; viscosity of 205.33 dPa.s; spreading of 6.12cm; adhesion time of 19.86 seconds; rate of washing of 20.60 seconds; a colour value of 4.04; scent value of 2.90; and texture value of 2.98. Conclusion: The optimised body scrub cream yielded a good formula which can be developed as a body scrub preparation.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.259263
M.A. Hanny Ferry Fernanda, None Ashon Sa’adi, None Sudjarwo
Background: An important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in women is elevated blood testosterone levels. The presence of testosterone in the urine is very likely to support the PCOS diagnosis; however, more investigation is required to determine whether blood testosterone levels are associated with PCOS. Objective: A total of 30 PCOS-positive women participated in this observational study using a diagnostic test approach. Method: The ELISA technique was used to measure the amounts of testosterone in the woman's urine and serum. Result: The levels of testosterone in the urine of 30 PCOS women were lower than those in the serum, with values of 2.688 nmol/L and 8.067 nmol/L, respectively. The Spearman correlation test findings revealed a value of 0.39 at a significance level of 0.05, with a cut-off value of 2.6010 nmol/L at sensitivity and specificity of 0.625 and 0.571, showing the importance of urine testosterone levels in detecting hyperandrogenic PCOS patients. Conclusion: In women with PCOS, serum and urine testosterone levels are correlated.
{"title":"An observational analysis of blood and urine testosterone in diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome","authors":"M.A. Hanny Ferry Fernanda, None Ashon Sa’adi, None Sudjarwo","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.259263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.259263","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in women is elevated blood testosterone levels. The presence of testosterone in the urine is very likely to support the PCOS diagnosis; however, more investigation is required to determine whether blood testosterone levels are associated with PCOS. Objective: A total of 30 PCOS-positive women participated in this observational study using a diagnostic test approach. Method: The ELISA technique was used to measure the amounts of testosterone in the woman's urine and serum. Result: The levels of testosterone in the urine of 30 PCOS women were lower than those in the serum, with values of 2.688 nmol/L and 8.067 nmol/L, respectively. The Spearman correlation test findings revealed a value of 0.39 at a significance level of 0.05, with a cut-off value of 2.6010 nmol/L at sensitivity and specificity of 0.625 and 0.571, showing the importance of urine testosterone levels in detecting hyperandrogenic PCOS patients. Conclusion: In women with PCOS, serum and urine testosterone levels are correlated.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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