Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.331335
Elson Impa, Yunita Nita, Yuni Priyandani
Background: The management of pharmaceutical products and medical consumables in primary healthcare centres (PHCs)should be efficient, effective, and rational. Management is one of the competencies of pharmacists. Objective: This study aimed to describe the management profile of pharmaceutical products and medical consumables at primary healthcare centres in the North Toraja district. Method: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to collect data. The indicator for managing pharmaceutical products and medical consumables was based on technical guidelines for pharmaceutical service standards at primary healthcare centres issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019. Research variables were planning, procurement, receipt, storage, distribution, disposal and recall, control, and administration. The sample consisted of all 28 PHCs in the North Toraja district. Results: The results from 27 PHCs showed that the management of pharmaceutical products and medical consumables consisted of planning (72.62%), procurement (66.06%), receipt (83.07%), storage (61.47%), distribution (66.69%), disposal and recall (33.84%), control (56.74%), and administration (62.36%). Conclusion: Managing pharmaceutical products and medical consumables at PHCs in the North Toraja district did not fully comply with pharmaceutical service standards.
{"title":"Profile of the management of pharmaceutical products and medical consumables at primary healthcare centres in North Toraja district","authors":"Elson Impa, Yunita Nita, Yuni Priyandani","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.331335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.331335","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of pharmaceutical products and medical consumables in primary healthcare centres (PHCs)should be efficient, effective, and rational. Management is one of the competencies of pharmacists. Objective: This study aimed to describe the management profile of pharmaceutical products and medical consumables at primary healthcare centres in the North Toraja district. Method: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to collect data. The indicator for managing pharmaceutical products and medical consumables was based on technical guidelines for pharmaceutical service standards at primary healthcare centres issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019. Research variables were planning, procurement, receipt, storage, distribution, disposal and recall, control, and administration. The sample consisted of all 28 PHCs in the North Toraja district. Results: The results from 27 PHCs showed that the management of pharmaceutical products and medical consumables consisted of planning (72.62%), procurement (66.06%), receipt (83.07%), storage (61.47%), distribution (66.69%), disposal and recall (33.84%), control (56.74%), and administration (62.36%). Conclusion: Managing pharmaceutical products and medical consumables at PHCs in the North Toraja district did not fully comply with pharmaceutical service standards.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.120126
Cindra Tri Yuniar, M. Fawaz El Fauzy, Ardika Fajrul Ihsan, Lia Amalia
Background: In Indonesia, compliance to the rational use of medicines (RUM) was 47.08% in community healthcare centers, and so might the university students. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate students' knowledge and attitude toward the RUM and identify the correlation between these parameters and drug safety awareness. Method: A cross-sectional study used the online questionnaire among university students in Greater Bandung Area from March-April 2022. Spearman’s rank was carried out in correlation analysis between the parameters. Result: In 342 subjects, 54.1% of students have moderate knowledge of RUM and drug safety awareness (56.7%). However, 80.1% of students have a high attitude towards RUM. Attitude toward RUM formed a significant, weak, and unidirectional correlation with knowledge (r = 0.292) and so did with safety awareness (r = 0.345). Conclusion: Students have a positive attitude towards RUM while having moderate knowledge of RUM and drug safety awareness.
{"title":"Drug safety awareness and rational use of medicines among university students in greater Bandung: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"Cindra Tri Yuniar, M. Fawaz El Fauzy, Ardika Fajrul Ihsan, Lia Amalia","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.120126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.120126","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Indonesia, compliance to the rational use of medicines (RUM) was 47.08% in community healthcare centers, and so might the university students. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate students' knowledge and attitude toward the RUM and identify the correlation between these parameters and drug safety awareness. Method: A cross-sectional study used the online questionnaire among university students in Greater Bandung Area from March-April 2022. Spearman’s rank was carried out in correlation analysis between the parameters. Result: In 342 subjects, 54.1% of students have moderate knowledge of RUM and drug safety awareness (56.7%). However, 80.1% of students have a high attitude towards RUM. Attitude toward RUM formed a significant, weak, and unidirectional correlation with knowledge (r = 0.292) and so did with safety awareness (r = 0.345). Conclusion: Students have a positive attitude towards RUM while having moderate knowledge of RUM and drug safety awareness.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.185188
Abdul Rahem, Umi Athiyah, Catur Dian Setiawan, Andi Hermansyah
Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase due to changes in human lifestyle. Adherence to taking medication becomes one of the keys to successful blood glucose control. Unfortunately, not all people with DM are obedient to take medicine because of various reasons, such as fear of the side effects. To avoid some concerns about medicine, some prefer to add herbal medicine. Objective: This study determined whether the addition of herbal medicine to conventional drugs increases the incidence of hypoglycemia. Methods: This study was carried out from October 2019-March 2020 on 350 Madurese patients with DM in 33 primary healthcare centres of Madura. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The independent variable in this study was the use of herbal medicine, while the dependent variable was the incidence of hypoglycemia. Results: About 41.4% of respondents used herbal medicine in addition to conventional drugs. Among those who consumed herbal medicine, 59.3% experienced hypoglycemia, while 24.4% did not take herbal medicine. The results showed a significant relationship between the use of herbal medicine and the incidence of hypoglycemia with a p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: The use of herbal medicine increased the incidence of hypoglycemia.
{"title":"The risk of combined use of herbal and conventional medicines in diabetic patients","authors":"Abdul Rahem, Umi Athiyah, Catur Dian Setiawan, Andi Hermansyah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.185188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.185188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase due to changes in human lifestyle. Adherence to taking medication becomes one of the keys to successful blood glucose control. Unfortunately, not all people with DM are obedient to take medicine because of various reasons, such as fear of the side effects. To avoid some concerns about medicine, some prefer to add herbal medicine.\u0000Objective: This study determined whether the addition of herbal medicine to conventional drugs increases the incidence of hypoglycemia.\u0000Methods: This study was carried out from October 2019-March 2020 on 350 Madurese patients with DM in 33 primary healthcare centres of Madura. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The independent variable in this study was the use of herbal medicine, while the dependent variable was the incidence of hypoglycemia.\u0000Results: About 41.4% of respondents used herbal medicine in addition to conventional drugs. Among those who consumed herbal medicine, 59.3% experienced hypoglycemia, while 24.4% did not take herbal medicine. The results showed a significant relationship between the use of herbal medicine and the incidence of hypoglycemia with a p-value of 0.0001.\u0000Conclusion: The use of herbal medicine increased the incidence of hypoglycemia.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.7175
Salsabila Ayundiva Putri, Lina Winarti
Background: Meloxicam has low water solubility, which affects the dissolution and level of absorption. Objective: The study aimed to develop a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) based on a non-ionic surfactant combination and evaluate the release kinetics model using the DDsolver program. Methods: Oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were selected based on the solubility of meloxicam. Results: The best formula showed that 10% of castor oil, 70% of surfactant (tween 80: chromophore RH 40 in 1:1), and 20% of PEG 400 could develop SNEDDS with the 99.84±0.04% percentage of transmittance, 15.47±0.72 sec emulsifying time, and below 50 nm droplet size. The optimised formula is also stable and resistant to various dilutions and pH The dissolution efficiency (DE0-60) reveals a 5.27-fold increase compared to non-SNEDDS meloxicam. Meloxicam follows Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics, while meloxicam SNEDDS follows the Hixon-Crowell model. Conclusion: The best formula of SNEDDS consisting of a surfactant combination generate improvement in vitro dissolution of meloxicam.
{"title":"Meloxicam self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system with surfactants combination: Formulation and in vitro release model","authors":"Salsabila Ayundiva Putri, Lina Winarti","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.7175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.7175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Meloxicam has low water solubility, which affects the dissolution and level of absorption.\u0000Objective: The study aimed to develop a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) based on a non-ionic surfactant combination and evaluate the release kinetics model using the DDsolver program.\u0000Methods: Oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were selected based on the solubility of meloxicam.\u0000Results: The best formula showed that 10% of castor oil, 70% of surfactant (tween 80: chromophore RH 40 in 1:1), and 20% of PEG 400 could develop SNEDDS with the 99.84±0.04% percentage of transmittance, 15.47±0.72 sec emulsifying time, and below 50 nm droplet size. The optimised formula is also stable and resistant to various dilutions and pH The dissolution efficiency (DE0-60) reveals a 5.27-fold increase compared to non-SNEDDS meloxicam. Meloxicam follows Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics, while meloxicam SNEDDS follows the Hixon-Crowell model.\u0000Conclusion: The best formula of SNEDDS consisting of a surfactant combination generate improvement in vitro dissolution of meloxicam.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.269273
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum, Soedjajadi Keman, Soenarnatalina Melaniani, Hari Basuki Notobroto, Dewi Rokhmah, Hario Megatsaari
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 6,205 cases of food poisoning recorded by the Public Health Emergency Operation Centre (PHEOC) Indonesia. Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the profile, knowledge, attitude, and practice of food safety among college students in a pandemic situation. Method: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted online at Universitas Jember, Indonesia, in October 2020. The sample used was (n=187, college students whose profiles, knowledge, attitude and practice were analysed with a chi-square test and Spearman rank (α = 0.05). Result: The respondents were female (86.1%) and living in a dormitory (90.9%). The knowledge was medium, the attitude was neutral, and the practice was average. There was a significant correlation between profile and knowledge, attitude, and practice (p < 0.05); knowledge and attitude; knowledge and practice; attitude and practice in food safety among college students. (p < 0.05; α = 0.05). Conclusion: The college curriculum should be improved in knowledge, attitude and practice to prevent foodborne disease, especially in the pandemic situation.
{"title":"Foodborne disease and food safety among college students in pandemic situation","authors":"Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum, Soedjajadi Keman, Soenarnatalina Melaniani, Hari Basuki Notobroto, Dewi Rokhmah, Hario Megatsaari","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.269273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.269273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 6,205 cases of food poisoning recorded by the Public Health Emergency Operation Centre (PHEOC) Indonesia. Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the profile, knowledge, attitude, and practice of food safety among college students in a pandemic situation. Method: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted online at Universitas Jember, Indonesia, in October 2020. The sample used was (n=187, college students whose profiles, knowledge, attitude and practice were analysed with a chi-square test and Spearman rank (α = 0.05). Result: The respondents were female (86.1%) and living in a dormitory (90.9%). The knowledge was medium, the attitude was neutral, and the practice was average. There was a significant correlation between profile and knowledge, attitude, and practice (p < 0.05); knowledge and attitude; knowledge and practice; attitude and practice in food safety among college students. (p < 0.05; α = 0.05). Conclusion: The college curriculum should be improved in knowledge, attitude and practice to prevent foodborne disease, especially in the pandemic situation.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.510
Umarudin Umarudin, Sri Widyarti, Warsito Warsito, Sri Rahayu
Background: ROS are created when high levels of oxidative stress occur due to hypercholesterolemia. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) controls the expression of antioxidant genes. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) therapy degrades NRF2. Chitosan 501.1 kDa from snail shells contains bioactive chemicals that can induce NRF2 activity. Objective: To evaluate the potential antioxidant activity of the bioactive compound in Mw 501.1 kDa chitosan by targeting KEAP1 and NRF2 proteins in-silico. Method: The 3D structures of the bioactive compounds chitosan and control 51M were derived from the PubChem database, and the proteins were derived from the RCSB PDB. The biological activity of chitosan bioactive compounds was predicted using the PASS Online server. Molecular docking was performed using Hex 8.0.0 Cuda with Shape+Electro+DARS and visualised with Discovery Studio. The biological activity of chitosan compounds was predicted as lipotropic and antioxidant. Result: The discovery of the bioactive compound chitosan 501.1 kDa interacted strongly with KEAP1. The bioactive compound chitosan also inhibited KEAP1 through residues GLN75 and LEU84 at the 51M-KEAP1 interaction. Conclusion: The bioactive compound chitosan 501.1 kDa could inhibit the interaction of KEAP1-NRF2 proteins so that NRF2 could transcribe antioxidant genes. Therefore, may serve as a suitable alternative.
{"title":"In silico approach of bioactive molecule chitosan 501.1 kDa from snail shell as antioxidant and inhibitor of the keap1-nrf2 protein-protein interaction","authors":"Umarudin Umarudin, Sri Widyarti, Warsito Warsito, Sri Rahayu","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.510","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ROS are created when high levels of oxidative stress occur due to hypercholesterolemia. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) controls the expression of antioxidant genes. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) therapy degrades NRF2. Chitosan 501.1 kDa from snail shells contains bioactive chemicals that can induce NRF2 activity. Objective: To evaluate the potential antioxidant activity of the bioactive compound in Mw 501.1 kDa chitosan by targeting KEAP1 and NRF2 proteins in-silico. Method: The 3D structures of the bioactive compounds chitosan and control 51M were derived from the PubChem database, and the proteins were derived from the RCSB PDB. The biological activity of chitosan bioactive compounds was predicted using the PASS Online server. Molecular docking was performed using Hex 8.0.0 Cuda with Shape+Electro+DARS and visualised with Discovery Studio. The biological activity of chitosan compounds was predicted as lipotropic and antioxidant. Result: The discovery of the bioactive compound chitosan 501.1 kDa interacted strongly with KEAP1. The bioactive compound chitosan also inhibited KEAP1 through residues GLN75 and LEU84 at the 51M-KEAP1 interaction. Conclusion: The bioactive compound chitosan 501.1 kDa could inhibit the interaction of KEAP1-NRF2 proteins so that NRF2 could transcribe antioxidant genes. Therefore, may serve as a suitable alternative.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.116119
Maimunah Abdul Muna’aim, Azlina Mokhtar, Muhammad Najmi Khairudin, Hafiz Jaafa, Amirah Azzeri, Tengku Amatullah Madeehah Tengku Mohd
Background: KLiP Mobile (Klinik pakar bergerak) is a mobile eye specialist clinic initiated by the state government of Negeri Sembilan and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). It is funded by the state of Negeri Sembilan and managed by USIM. Objectives: The four objectives of this programme are: 1) Providing essential eye services, 2) Enhancing public-private partnerships to support the programme, especially among the underprivileged community for cataract surgery, rehabilitation of vision, and glasses for children and elderly 3) Promoting awareness through knowledge transfer programme on eye disease 4) conducting research. This paper aims to describe the prevalence of common eye diseases among our target population in Negeri Sembilan. Method: This is a cross-sectional study consisting of referred or walk-in patients who visited the KLiP Mobile program between January 2016 to June 2022. Results: The result showed the prevalence of common eye diseases among the population and is comparable with our national eye survey. Conclusion: The KLiP Mobile is a model of community engagement programme and is expected to continue benefiting the community especially those who are unable to access specialist services.
{"title":"The KLiP Mobile: A model of community engagement programme","authors":"Maimunah Abdul Muna’aim, Azlina Mokhtar, Muhammad Najmi Khairudin, Hafiz Jaafa, Amirah Azzeri, Tengku Amatullah Madeehah Tengku Mohd","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.116119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.116119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: KLiP Mobile (Klinik pakar bergerak) is a mobile eye specialist clinic initiated by the state government of Negeri Sembilan and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). It is funded by the state of Negeri Sembilan and managed by USIM. Objectives: The four objectives of this programme are: 1) Providing essential eye services, 2) Enhancing public-private partnerships to support the programme, especially among the underprivileged community for cataract surgery, rehabilitation of vision, and glasses for children and elderly 3) Promoting awareness through knowledge transfer programme on eye disease 4) conducting research. This paper aims to describe the prevalence of common eye diseases among our target population in Negeri Sembilan. Method: This is a cross-sectional study consisting of referred or walk-in patients who visited the KLiP Mobile program between January 2016 to June 2022. Results: The result showed the prevalence of common eye diseases among the population and is comparable with our national eye survey. Conclusion: The KLiP Mobile is a model of community engagement programme and is expected to continue benefiting the community especially those who are unable to access specialist services.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.1115
Fivy Kurniawati, Erna Kristin, Sri Awalia Febriana, Rizaldy T. Pinzon
Background: The risk prediction model has become increasingly popular in recent years in helping clinical decision-making. Existing models cannot be directly applied in Indonesia. Objective: To review the existing prediction models and their limitations. Method: A search related to the prediction of ADR risk was conducted using several journal databases: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Articles were screened to match specified criteria and further studied. Result: Nine articles met the criteria and were then analysed. Studies were carried out in various countries. The study population include; the elderly (>65 years, three studies), age (≥15 years, three studies), patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (≥18 years, one study) and two studies in cancer patients. The outcomes were; ADR (five studies), ADE ( two studies), DRPs (one study), and cardiovascular effects (one study). The methods for determining the predictors of ADRs all used multivariable logistic regression. Conclusion: Each country has different treatment patterns, prescribing practices, traditions and drug distribution, so it is necessary to develop a prediction model for ADRs that is country-specific.
{"title":"Risk prediction models on adverse drug reactions: A review","authors":"Fivy Kurniawati, Erna Kristin, Sri Awalia Febriana, Rizaldy T. Pinzon","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The risk prediction model has become increasingly popular in recent years in helping clinical decision-making. Existing models cannot be directly applied in Indonesia. Objective: To review the existing prediction models and their limitations. Method: A search related to the prediction of ADR risk was conducted using several journal databases: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Articles were screened to match specified criteria and further studied. Result: Nine articles met the criteria and were then analysed. Studies were carried out in various countries. The study population include; the elderly (>65 years, three studies), age (≥15 years, three studies), patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (≥18 years, one study) and two studies in cancer patients. The outcomes were; ADR (five studies), ADE ( two studies), DRPs (one study), and cardiovascular effects (one study). The methods for determining the predictors of ADRs all used multivariable logistic regression. Conclusion: Each country has different treatment patterns, prescribing practices, traditions and drug distribution, so it is necessary to develop a prediction model for ADRs that is country-specific.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"70 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.6670
Hasan Ismail, Umi Athijah, Widi Hidayat, Abdul Rahem
Background: Patients' understanding of the pharmacists’ role is needed to create a positive image so that it is easier for pharmacists to make patients understand the use of drugs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the public perception of the image of pharmacists in providing services to patients. Method: An observational study was conducted on fifty-three (53) respondents who received pharmaceutical services directly from pharmacists at the pharmacies in East Java. The research variable was the pharmacists' image which is measured through competence, ethics, communication skills, and emotional intelligence based on the perception of the patient. Result: The majority of pharmacists had good ratings for their competence and ethics (96%), and most of the pharmacists were perceived to have good communication skills and emotional intelligence (92% and 79% respectively). Conclusion: The pharmacists' images, according to the patients' perception were in the “good” category, although there is a need to be an increase in emotional intelligence.
{"title":"Patient’s perception of the image of community pharmacists","authors":"Hasan Ismail, Umi Athijah, Widi Hidayat, Abdul Rahem","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.6670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.6670","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients' understanding of the pharmacists’ role is needed to create a positive image so that it is easier for pharmacists to make patients understand the use of drugs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the public perception of the image of pharmacists in providing services to patients. Method: An observational study was conducted on fifty-three (53) respondents who received pharmaceutical services directly from pharmacists at the pharmacies in East Java. The research variable was the pharmacists' image which is measured through competence, ethics, communication skills, and emotional intelligence based on the perception of the patient. Result: The majority of pharmacists had good ratings for their competence and ethics (96%), and most of the pharmacists were perceived to have good communication skills and emotional intelligence (92% and 79% respectively). Conclusion: The pharmacists' images, according to the patients' perception were in the “good” category, although there is a need to be an increase in emotional intelligence.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the catastrophic diseases that absorbs the most health budgets. Reimbursement of healthcare costs from the National Health Insurance Agency is done through the case-based groups (INA-CBGs) and fee-for-service (non-INA-CBGs) methods based on e-catalogue drug prices. Drug costs are a concern. Objective: To evaluate drug prescription compliance to the national formulary, total drug cost and drugs cost included in the INA-CBGs package. Method: This observational study used retrospective prescription data from the outpatient Cardiology Clinic. A quantitative analysis was conducted for prescription compliance with formulary and drug costs. Result: Out of the 4,443 prescriptions, the prescription alignment with the national formulary was 98%. The difference between the total e-catalogue and the actual drug costs was IDR4,818,252 (0.9%) (p > 0.05). Drug costs constitute 19% of the INA-CBGs package. Conclusion: Drug prescribing is quite efficient with 98% compliance with the formulary and drug costs constitute 19% of the INA-CBGs package.
{"title":"Drug cost analysis of outpatients with cardiovascular disease under the national health insurance scheme","authors":"Andi Bulqiah Nur, Budi Suprapti, Yulistiani Yulistiani, M. Yusuf, Nelly Kurniawati","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the catastrophic diseases that absorbs the most health budgets. Reimbursement of healthcare costs from the National Health Insurance Agency is done through the case-based groups (INA-CBGs) and fee-for-service (non-INA-CBGs) methods based on e-catalogue drug prices. Drug costs are a concern. Objective: To evaluate drug prescription compliance to the national formulary, total drug cost and drugs cost included in the INA-CBGs package. Method: This observational study used retrospective prescription data from the outpatient Cardiology Clinic. A quantitative analysis was conducted for prescription compliance with formulary and drug costs. Result: Out of the 4,443 prescriptions, the prescription alignment with the national formulary was 98%. The difference between the total e-catalogue and the actual drug costs was IDR4,818,252 (0.9%) (p > 0.05). Drug costs constitute 19% of the INA-CBGs package. Conclusion: Drug prescribing is quite efficient with 98% compliance with the formulary and drug costs constitute 19% of the INA-CBGs package.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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