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Suspected oncologic adverse reactions associated with interleukin-23 inhibitors in EudraVigilance: Comparative study and gender distribution. EudraVigilance中与白细胞介素-23抑制剂相关的疑似肿瘤不良反应:比较研究和性别分布。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1130
Fabrizio Calapai, Carmen Mannucci, Luigi Cardia, Mariaconcetta Currò, Gioacchino Calapai, Emanuela Esposito, Ilaria Ammendolia

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by plaque formation. Interleukin (IL)-23 is upregulated in psoriatic lesions and is thought to be a major regulator of the Th17 pathway in psoriasis pathogenesis. Three monoclonal antibodies targeting the IL-23p19 subunit, guselkumab, tildrakizumab, and risankizumab, have been approved for psoriasis therapy. The balance between cytokines IL-23 and IL-12 can affect antitumor and pro-tumor immune activities, and patients with psoriasis may have higher rates of cancer than the general population. Moreover, a chronic inflammatory state typical of psoriasis may induce protumorigenic effects, however, the potential risk of malignancy in patients taking these drugs remains largely unknown. This study investigated the occurrence of malignancies as suspected adverse reactions (SARs) potentially associated with IL-23 inhibitors by analyzing real-world data from the European EudraVigilance database. Although indicatory, these real-world data seem to confirm the potential association between the IL-23 inhibitors risankizumab and tildrakizumab, and the occurrence of SARs linked to cancer in patients with psoriasis and, according to a gender perspective, they show that this relationship is asymmetrically distributed between women and men, with a clear prevalence of oncologic SARs in men.

银屑病是一种以斑块形成为特征的慢性炎症性皮肤病。白细胞介素(IL)-23在银屑病病变中上调,被认为是银屑病发病机制中Th17通路的主要调节因子。三种靶向IL-23p19亚基的单克隆抗体,即古selkumab、tildrakizumab和risankizumab,已被批准用于银屑病治疗。细胞因子IL-23和IL-12之间的平衡可以影响抗肿瘤和促肿瘤免疫活性,银屑病患者的癌症发病率可能高于普通人群。此外,银屑病典型的慢性炎症状态可能会引起促肿瘤作用,然而,服用这些药物的患者患恶性肿瘤的潜在风险在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究通过分析欧洲EudraVigilance数据库的真实世界数据,调查了恶性肿瘤作为可能与IL-23抑制剂相关的疑似不良反应(SAR)的发生情况。尽管具有指示性,但这些真实世界的数据似乎证实了白细胞介素-23抑制剂利桑基珠单抗和替拉基珠单抗与银屑病患者中与癌症相关的严重急性呼吸系统综合征的发生之间的潜在关联,根据性别观点,他们表明这种关系在女性和男性之间不对称分布,男性中肿瘤严重急性呼吸综合征的患病率明显。
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引用次数: 1
Dose rationale for gabapentin and tramadol in pediatric patients with chronic pain. 加巴喷丁和曲马多在儿童慢性疼痛患者中的剂量原理。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1138
Paul Healy, Luka Verrest, Mariagrazia Felisi, Adriana Ceci, Oscar Della Pasqua

Despite off-label use, the efficacy and safety of gabapentin and tramadol in pediatric patients (3 months to <18 years old) diagnosed with chronic pain has not been characterized. However, generating evidence based on randomized clinical trials in this population has been extremely challenging. The current investigation illustrates the use of clinical trial simulations (CTSs) as a tool for optimizing doses and protocol design for a prospective investigation in pediatric patients with chronic pain. Pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and CTSs were used to describe the PKs of gabapentin and tramadol in the target population. In the absence of biomarkers of analgesia, systemic exposure (AUC, Css) was used to guide dose selection under the assumption of a comparable exposure-response (PKPD) relationship for either compound between adults and children. Two weight bands were identified for gabapentin, with doses titrated from 5 to 63 mg/kg. This yields gabapentin exposures (AUC0-8 ) of approximately 35 mg/L*h (1200 mg/day adult dose equivalent). For tramadol, median steady state concentrations between 200 and 300 ng/mL were achieved after doses of 2-5 mg/kg, but concentrations showed high interindividual variability. Simulation scenarios showed that titration steps are required to explore therapeutically relevant dose ranges taking into account the safety profile of both drugs. Gabapentin can be used t.i.d. at doses between 7-63 and 5-45 mg/kg for patients receiving gabapentin weighing <15 and ≥15 kg, respectively, whereas a t.i.d. regimen with doses between 1 and 5 mg/kg can be used for tramadol in patients who are not fast metabolisers.

尽管标签外使用,加巴喷丁和曲马多在儿科患者中的疗效和安全性(3 月至0-8)约35 mg/L*小时(1200 mg/天成人剂量当量)。曲马多的中位稳态浓度在200和300之间 2-5次给药后达到ng/mL mg/kg,但浓度表现出较高的个体间变异性。模拟场景显示,考虑到两种药物的安全性,需要滴定步骤来探索治疗相关的剂量范围。加巴喷丁可按7-63至5-45的剂量静脉注射使用 mg/kg,用于接受加巴喷丁称重的患者
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引用次数: 0
A randomized, double-blind, comparative study of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of GP40141 (romiplostim biosimilar) and reference romiplostim in healthy male volunteers. GP40141(romipostim生物类似物)和参比romipostin在健康男性志愿者中的药效学和药代动力学的随机、双盲、比较研究。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1125
Igor Makarenko, Artem Dorotenko, Sergey Noskov, Veniamin Banko, Valeria Saparova, Alexandr Khokhlov, Evgeniia Zoreeva, Andrey Nedorubov, Bella Zinnatulina, Maria Gefen, Roman Drai

Aims: The pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity between GP40141, a proposed romiplostim biosimilar, and reference romiplostim was evaluated. Pharmacokinetics and safety were also assessed.

Methods: In this phase 1, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, crossover comparative study with an adaptive design, 56 healthy male volunteers were randomized 1:1 to receive a 3 ug × kg-1 subcutaneous dose of GP40141 and reference romiplostim. The PD similarity between GP40141 and the reference romiplostim was determined using the standard equivalence criteria (80%-125%) for the area under the platelet count-time curve from time 0 to the time of the last sampling for PD (AUCplt ) and the maximum observed platelet count (Pmax ).

Results: GP40141 and the reference romiplostim exhibited similar PD profiles. 90% CI for the geometric mean ratios for the primary PD parameters (AUCplt, Pmax ) for GP40141 (T) and the reference romiplostim (R) were fully contained within the predefined equivalence limits of 80%-125%: 98.13%-102.42% for AUCplt and 97.56%-105.80% for Pmax . The pharmacokinetic profiles of GP40141 and the reference romiplostim were well described. No adverse events were observed during the clinical trial after the administration of GP40141 and the reference romiplostim.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the PD similarity of GP40141 to the reference romiplostim. Both treatments had comparable safety profiles (NCT05652595).

目的:评价拟用罗匹司汀生物类似物GP40141与参考罗匹司亭之间的药效学(PD)相似性。还评估了药物动力学和安全性。方法:在这项采用适应性设计的1期随机、双盲、单剂量、交叉比较研究中,56名健康男性志愿者被1:1随机分配接受3μg × kg-1皮下剂量的GP40141和参比罗米司汀。使用标准等效标准(80%-125%)确定GP40141和参考romipostim之间的PD相似性,该标准等效标准用于从时间0到PD最后一次采样时的血小板计数-时间曲线下面积(AUCplt)和最大观察到的血小板计数(Pmax)。结果:GP40141和对照品romipostim表现出相似的PD图谱。GP40141(T)和参考romiplastim(R)的主要PD参数(AUCplt,Pmax)的几何平均比的90%CI完全包含在80%-125%的预定义等效限内:AUCplt为98.13%-102.42%,Pmax为97.56%-105.80%。对GP40141和参比罗密普司汀的药代动力学特征进行了详细描述。在给药GP40141和参考romipostim后的临床试验期间未观察到不良事件。结论:本研究证明了GP40141与参比药物romipostim的PD相似性。两种治疗方法的安全性相当(NCT05652595)。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating adverse events in databases. 评估数据库中的不良事件。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1129
Katie Lovell, Steven R Feldman
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引用次数: 0
Effect of nivasorexant (ACT-539313), a selective orexin-1-receptor antagonist, on multiple cytochrome P450 probe substrates in vitro and in vivo using a cocktail approach in healthy subjects. 在健康受试者中,采用鸡尾酒法,选择性食欲素-1受体拮抗剂尼瓦松(ACT-539313)在体外和体内对多种细胞色素P450探针底物的影响。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1143
Benjamin Berger, Priska Kaufmann, Matthias Berse, Alexander Treiber, Nathalie Grignaschi, Jasper Dingemanse

Nivasorexant, a selective orexin-1-receptor antagonist, has recently been assessed in the treatment of humans with binge-eating disorder. Herein, the inhibitory potential of nivasorexant on cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 was evaluated. Human liver microsomes/recombinant CYP enzymes were evaluated in vitro. In vivo, a single-center, open-label, fixed-sequence study was performed in healthy adults to explore the effect of 100 mg nivasorexant administered twice daily (b.i.d.) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of flurbiprofen (50 mg, CYP2C9), omeprazole (20 mg, CYP2C19), midazolam (2 mg, CYP3A4) making use of a cocktail approach. Plasma PK sampling was performed over 24 h on Day 1 (Cocktail alone), 8 (Cocktail + nivasorexant), and 15 (Cocktail + nivasorexant at steady state). Genotyping of subjects' CYPs was performed while safety and tolerability were also assessed. In vitro, nivasorexant inhibited CYP2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 in competitive inhibition assays with IC50 values of 8.6, 1.6, and 19-44 μM, respectively, while showing a significant time-dependent CYP2C19 inhibition. In 22 subjects, exposure to flurbiprofen, omeprazole, and midazolam was generally higher during concomitant single- (i.e., area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC] ratio increased by 1.04-, 2.05-, and 1.56-fold, respectively) and repeated-dose (i.e., AUC ratio increased by 1.47-, 6.84-, and 3.71-fold, respectively) nivasorexant administration compared with the cocktail substrates administered alone. The most frequently reported adverse event was somnolence. According to regulatory guidance, nivasorexant is classified as a moderate CYP2C19 and weak CYP3A4 inhibitor after 1 day and as a weak CYP2C9, strong CYP2C19, and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor after 8 days of 100 mg b.i.d. administration. Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05254548.

Nivasorexant是一种选择性食欲素-1受体拮抗剂,最近被评估用于治疗人类暴饮性饮食障碍。在此,评估了尼瓦松对细胞色素P450(CYPs)2C9、2C19和3A4的抑制潜力。在体外评估人肝微粒体/重组CYP酶。在体内,对健康成年人进行了一项单中心、开放标签、固定序列的研究,以探索100 mg nivasorexant,每日两次(b.i.d.)对氟比洛芬(50 mg,CYP2C9),奥美拉唑(20 mg,CYP2C19),咪唑安定(2 mg、CYP3A4)。在24小时内进行血浆PK取样 第1天的h(单独的鸡尾酒)、第8天(鸡尾酒+nivasorexant)和第15天(稳定状态下的鸡尾酒+niwasorexat)。对受试者的CYP进行基因分型,同时评估安全性和耐受性。在体外,nivasorexant在竞争性抑制试验中抑制CYP2C9、2C19和3A4,IC50值分别为8.6、1.6和19-44 μM,同时显示出显著的时间依赖性CYP2C19抑制。在22名受试者中,与单独给药的鸡尾酒底物相比,咪达唑仑在伴随单次给药(即,血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积[AUC]比分别增加1.04倍、2.05倍和1.56倍)和重复给药(AUC比分别增加1.47倍、6.84倍和3.71倍)期间通常更高。最常见的不良事件是嗜睡。根据监管指南,nivasorexant在1天后被分类为中度CYP2C19和弱CYP3A4抑制剂,在8天后被归类为弱CYP2C9、强CYP2C19或中度CYP3A4抑制物 100天 mg b.i.d.给药。Clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT05254548。
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引用次数: 0
Dopaminergic cell protection and alleviation of neuropsychiatric disease symptoms by VMAT2 expression through the class I HDAC inhibitor TC-H 106. 通过I类HDAC抑制剂TC-H 106表达VMAT2来保护多巴胺能细胞和减轻神经精神疾病症状。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1135
Heejin Lee, Hye-Ji Kim, Dong-Kyu Choi, Eu N-A Ko, Jae-Hyeog Choi, Yohan Seo, Sion Lee, Soong-Hyun Kim, Sejin Jung, Minwoo Kim, Dongwan Kang, Chun-Young Im, Gi-Hun Bae, Sung-Cherl Jung, Oh-Bin Kwon

The importance of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in dopamine regulation, which is considered crucial for neuropsychiatric disorders, is currently being studied. Moreover, the development of disease treatments using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) is actively progressing in various fields. Recently, research on the possibility of regulating neuropsychiatric disorders has been conducted. In this study, we evaluated whether VMAT2 expression increased by an HDACi can fine-tune neuropsychotic behavior, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and protect against the cell toxicity through oxidized dopamine. First, approximately 300 candidate HDACi compounds were added to the SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cell line to identify the possible changes in the VMAT2 expression levels, which were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated, that treatment with pimelic diphenylamide 106 (TC-H 106), a class I HDACi, increased VMAT2 expression in both the SH-SY5Y cells and mouse brain. The increased VMAT2 expression induced by TC-H 106 alleviated the cytotoxicity attributed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and free dopamine treatment. Moreover, dopamine concentrations, both intracellularly and in the synaptosomes, were significantly elevated by increased VMAT2 expression. These results suggest that dopamine concentration regulation by VMAT2 expression induced by TC-H 106 could alter several related behavioral aspects that was confirmed by attenuation of hyperactivity and impulsivity, which were major characteristics of animal model showing ADHD-like behaviors. These results indicate that HDACi-increased VMAT2 expression offers sufficient protections against dopaminergic cell death induced by oxidative stress. Thus, the epigenetic approach could be considered as therapeutic candidate for neuropsychiatric disease regulation.

膀胱单胺类转运蛋白2(VMAT2)在多巴胺调节中的重要性目前正在研究中,多巴胺调节被认为对神经精神疾病至关重要。此外,使用组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂(HDACi)治疗疾病的开发在各个领域都取得了积极进展。最近,对调节神经精神障碍的可能性进行了研究。在这项研究中,我们评估了HDACi增加的VMAT2表达是否可以微调神经精神行为,如注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD),并通过氧化多巴胺保护细胞免受细胞毒性。首先,将大约300种候选HDACi化合物添加到SH-SY5Y多巴胺能细胞系中,以确定VMAT2表达水平的可能变化,这是使用定量聚合酶链式反应测量的。结果表明,用一类I类HDACi庚二酸二苯胺106(TC-H 106)处理,增加了SH-SY5Y细胞和小鼠脑中VMAT2的表达。TC-H 106诱导的VMAT2表达增加减轻了归因于6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)或1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶鎓(MPP+)和游离多巴胺处理的细胞毒性。此外,细胞内和突触体中的多巴胺浓度都因VMAT2表达的增加而显著升高。这些结果表明,TC-H 106诱导的VMAT2表达对多巴胺浓度的调节可以改变几个相关的行为方面,多动症和冲动性的减弱证实了这一点,这是表现出多动症样行为的动物模型的主要特征。这些结果表明,HDACi增加的VMAT2表达对氧化应激诱导的多巴胺能细胞死亡提供了足够的保护。因此,表观遗传学方法可以被认为是神经精神疾病调节的候选治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of pharmacological doses of niacin on subacute glucocorticoid-induced testicular damage in rats. 烟酸药物剂量对亚急性糖皮质激素诱导的大鼠睾丸损伤的影响。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1128
E Azimi Zangabad, Tahoora Shomali, L Roshangar

Glucocorticoid excess adversely affects male reproduction. This study evaluates effects of pharmacological doses of niacin on testicular structure and function in dexamethasone-treated rats. Adult rats (48) were randomly assigned to 6 equal groups: (1) Negative control (NC): normal rats; (2) Positive control (PC): dexamethasone at 7 mg/kg/day by intraperitoneal injections for 7 days; groups 3-6 (N50, N100, N200, and N400): dexamethasone and concomitant treatment with niacin at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day by oral gavages. Testicular weight and volume of PC rats were significantly lower than the NC group (p < .05). Testicular volume of rats in the N50 and N200 groups was statistically similar to the NC group. Significant decreases in serum testosterone with a slight LH increase were detected in the PC group. Nacin at 50 mg/kg reversed serum testosterone to NC levels and increased serum LH concentration. Niacin only slightly increased epididymal spermatozoa number while all groups of niacin-treated rats had significantly higher percentages of motile spermatozoa compared with the PC group. Hypospermatogenesis, germ cell degeneration and depletion, epithelial vacuolization, and degenerated Leydig cells were observed in PC rats. Lesions were relatively milder in niacin-treated rats. Johnsen scores were also significantly higher in niacin-treated rats. Niacin reduced apoptosis as shown by TUNEL assay. In conclusion, niacin administration at pharmacological doses dose-dependently ameliorates the destructive effects of dexamethasone on sperm motility, Johnsen score, and testicular cell apoptosis in rats with the latter can be considered a decisive mechanism for its positive effects on testis.

糖皮质激素过量会对男性生殖产生不利影响。本研究评估了药物剂量烟酸对地塞米松治疗大鼠睾丸结构和功能的影响。成年大鼠(48只)随机分为6组:(1)阴性对照组(NC):正常大鼠;(2) 阳性对照(PC):地塞米松7 mg/kg/天,腹膜内注射7次 天;第3-6组(N50、N100、N200和N400):地塞米松和烟酸联合治疗50、100、200和400 mg/kg/天。PC大鼠睾丸重量和体积显著低于NC组(p
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引用次数: 0
IPEx: A gamification tool for learner application of pharmacologic principles of opioid use, misuse, and addiction. IPEx:一种游戏化工具,用于学习阿片类药物使用、滥用和成瘾的药理学原理。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1141
Kelly Karpa, Josie Ward, Melanie Stegman, Arthur Berg, Shou Ling Leong

Opioids are often prescribed to treat chronic pain ailments, despite lack of evidence for many conditions. Prescriptions frequently become the gateway to opioid misuse and abuse. In response to the opioid crisis, medical school educators in the state of Pennsylvania developed core competencies pertaining to opioids and addiction for which all medical students should demonstrate proficiency before graduation. To enable students to achieve these competencies, we developed a web-based app (IPEx) that delivers a gamified experience for learners in which they are (re)exposed to opioid competencies and practice applying pharmacologic principles in the context of a series of longitudinal patient scenarios. Learning and application are measured by student responses to application questions before and after each of five modules. Prior to launching the IPEx tool broadly, we wished to test the application questions; thus, we invited fourth year medical students to complete a 45 question quiz based on IPEx module content. Students had no specific preparation prior to taking the quiz but had been exposed to all content elsewhere in the curriculum. A total of 45 of 141 medical students (32%) opted to complete the quiz (mean score was 47% ± 13%; range 18%-73%). Cronbach alpha for the instrument was .74. These results suggest that the instrument has internal validity, and medical students have room for growth when it comes to application of opioid related competencies, a situation that the IPEx tool may be uniquely suited to remedy.

阿片类药物通常用于治疗慢性疼痛疾病,尽管缺乏许多疾病的证据。处方经常成为滥用和滥用阿片类药物的途径。为了应对阿片类药物危机,宾夕法尼亚州医学院的教育工作者培养了与阿片类和成瘾相关的核心能力,所有医学生都应在毕业前证明其熟练程度。为了使学生能够实现这些能力,我们开发了一款基于网络的应用程序(IPEx),为学习者提供游戏化体验,让他们(再次)接触阿片类药物能力,并在一系列纵向患者场景中应用药理学原理。学习和应用是通过学生在五个模块之前和之后对应用问题的回答来衡量的。在广泛推出IPEx工具之前,我们希望测试应用程序问题;因此,我们邀请了四年级的医学生完成了一个基于IPEx模块内容的45个问题的测验。学生们在参加测验之前没有做任何具体的准备,但已经接触到了课程中其他地方的所有内容。141名医学生中,共有45人(32%)选择完成测试(平均得分为47% ± 13%;范围18%-73%)。该仪器的克朗巴赫α为.74。这些结果表明,该工具具有内部有效性,医学生在应用阿片类药物相关能力方面有成长空间,IPEx工具可能是唯一适合治疗的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of (-)-MBP, a novel 5-HT2C agonist and 5-HT2A/2B antagonist/inverse agonist on brain activity: A phMRI study on awake mice. 新型5-HT2C激动剂和5-HT2A/2B拮抗剂/反向激动剂(-)-MBP对大脑活动的影响:清醒小鼠的phMRI研究。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1144
Preeti K Sathe, Gargi R Ramdasi, Kaylie Giammatteo, Harvens Beauzile, Shuyue Wang, Heng Zhang, Praveen Kulkarni, Raymond G Booth, Craig F Ferris

A novel serotonin ligand (-)-MBP was developed for the treatment of schizophrenia that has 5-HT2A/2B antagonist activity together with 5-HT2C agonist activity. The multi-functional activity of this novel drug candidate was characterized using pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging. It was hypothesized (-)-MBP would affect activity in brain areas associated with sensory perception. Adult male mice were given one of three doses of (-)-MBP (3.0, 10, 18 mg/kg) or vehicle while fully awake during the MRI scanning session and imaged for 15 min post I.P. injection. BOLD functional imaging was used to follow changes in global brain activity. Data for each treatment were registered to a 3D MRI mouse brain atlas providing site-specific information on 132 different brain areas. There was a dose-dependent decrease in positive BOLD signal in numerous brain regions, especially thalamus, cerebrum, and limbic cortex. The 3.0 mg/kg dose had the greatest effect on positive BOLD while the 18 mg/kg dose was less effective. Conversely, the 18 mg/kg dose showed the greatest negative BOLD response while the 3.0 mg/kg showed the least. The prominent activation of the thalamus and cerebrum included the neural circuitry associated with Papez circuit of emotional experience. When compared to vehicle, the 3.0 mg dose affected all sensory modalities, for example, olfactory, somatosensory, motor, and auditory except for the visual cortex. These findings show that (-)-MBP, a ligand with both 5-HT2A/2B antagonist and 5-HT2C agonist activities, interacts with thalamocortical circuitry and impacts areas involved in sensory perception.

开发了一种新的5-羟色胺配体(-)-MBP用于治疗精神分裂症,该配体具有5-HT2A/2B拮抗剂活性和5-HT2C激动剂活性。利用药理学磁共振成像对这种新型候选药物的多功能活性进行了表征。据推测(-)-MBP会影响与感觉相关的大脑区域的活动。成年雄性小鼠接受三种剂量(-)-MBP(3.0,10,18 mg/kg)或载体,同时在MRI扫描期间完全清醒并成像15 注射后分钟。BOLD功能成像用于跟踪整体大脑活动的变化。将每次治疗的数据登记到3D MRI小鼠大脑图谱中,该图谱提供132个不同大脑区域的特定位点信息。在许多大脑区域,特别是丘脑、大脑和边缘皮层,阳性BOLD信号呈剂量依赖性降低。3.0 mg/kg剂量对阳性BOLD的影响最大,而18 mg/kg剂量效果较差。相反,18 mg/kg剂量显示出最大的阴性BOLD反应,而3.0 mg/kg表现最少。丘脑和大脑的显著激活包括与情绪体验的帕佩兹回路相关的神经回路。与车辆相比,3.0 mg剂量影响除视觉皮层外的所有感觉模式,例如嗅觉、体感、运动和听觉。这些发现表明,(-)-MBP是一种同时具有5-HT2A/2B拮抗剂和5-HT2C激动剂活性的配体,与丘脑皮质回路相互作用,并影响与感觉感知有关的区域。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid changes of mRNA expressions of cardiac ion channels affected by Torsadogenic drugs influence susceptibility of rat hearts to arrhythmias induced by Beta-Adrenergic stimulation. 致Torsagenic药物影响的心脏离子通道mRNA表达的快速变化影响大鼠心脏对β肾上腺素能刺激诱导的心律失常的易感性。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1134
Katarina Hadova, Jana Kmecova, Katarina Ochodnicka-Mackovicova, Eva Kralova, Gabriel Doka, Lenka Bies Pivackova, Peter Vavrinec, Tatiana Stankovicova, Peter Krenek, Jan Klimas

Drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS) and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) are serious concerns in drug development. Although rats are a useful scientific tool, their hearts, unlike larger species, usually do not respond to torsadogenic drugs. Consequently, their resistance to drug-induced arrhythmias is poorly understood. Here, we challenged rats with rapid delayed rectifier current (Ikr)-inhibiting antibiotic clarithromycin (CLA), loop diuretic furosemide (FUR) or their combination (CLA + FUR), and examined functional and molecular abnormalities after stimulation with isoproterenol. Clarithromycin and furosemide were administered orally at 12-h intervals for 7 days. To evaluate electrical instability, electrocardiography (ECG) was recorded either in vivo or ex vivo using the Langendorff-perfused heart method under basal conditions and subsequently under beta-adrenergic stimulation. Gene expression was measured using real-time quantitative PCR in left ventricular tissue. Indeed, FUR and CLA + FUR rats exhibited hypokalemia. CLA and CLA + FUR treatment resulted in drug-induced LQTS and even an episode of TdP in one CLA + FUR rat. The combined treatment dysregulated gene expression of several ion channels subunits, including KCNQ1, calcium channels and Na+/K + -ATPase subunits, while both monotherapies had no impact. The rat with recorded TdP exhibited differences in the expression of ion channel genes compared to the rest of rats within the CLA + FUR group. The ECG changes were not detected in isolated perfused hearts. Hence, we report rapid orchestration of ion channel reprogramming of hearts with QT prolongation induced by simultaneous administration of clarithromycin and furosemide in rats, which may account for their ability to avoid arrhythmias triggered by beta-adrenergic stimulation.

药物诱导的长QT综合征(LQTS)和尖端扭转(TdP)是药物开发中的严重问题。尽管大鼠是一种有用的科学工具,但与体型较大的物种不同,它们的心脏通常对致扭转药物没有反应。因此,人们对它们对药物引起的心律失常的抵抗力知之甚少。在这里,我们用抑制快速延迟整流电流(Ikr)的抗生素克拉霉素(CLA)、环路利尿剂呋塞米(FUR)或它们的组合(CLA + FUR),并检查用异丙肾上腺素刺激后的功能和分子异常。克拉霉素和速尿口服给药,间隔12小时,共7天 天。为了评估电不稳定性,在基础条件下以及随后在β肾上腺素能刺激下,使用Langendorff灌注心脏法在体内或离体记录心电图(ECG)。使用实时定量PCR测量左心室组织中的基因表达。事实上,FUR和CLA + FUR大鼠表现出低钾血症。CLA和CLA + FUR治疗导致药物诱导的LQTS,甚至在一个CLA中出现TdP发作 + FUR大鼠。联合治疗失调了几个离子通道亚基的基因表达,包括KCNQ1、钙通道和Na+/K + -ATP酶亚基,而两种单一疗法都没有影响。与CLA内的其他大鼠相比,具有记录的TdP的大鼠在离子通道基因表达方面表现出差异 + FUR集团。在离体灌注心脏中未检测到心电图变化。因此,我们报道了在大鼠中同时给予克拉霉素和呋塞米诱导QT延长的心脏离子通道重编程的快速协调,这可能是它们避免β-肾上腺素能刺激引发心律失常的能力的原因。
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Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
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