Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10757
Ljerka Karleuša, Hana Mahmutefendić Lučin, Gordana Blagojević Zagorac, P. Lučin
During their life cycle, betaherpesviruses extensively reorganize the membranous system of the cell in order to develop a unique cytoplasmic environment of virion production (“virus factory”), known as cytoplasmic virion assembly compartment (cVAC). The betaherpesvirus cVAC has been studied both in human and murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected cells as they are considered to be models for betaherpesviruses biology. Studies of the cVAC were mainly based on electron microscopy and immunofluorescence tools, and in the previous decade, they have expanded to the use of new technologies and systems approaches (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics), which led to the acquisition of a vast amount of data. Despite the immense expansion of knowledge about membranous organelle system, including a large amount of data derived from CMV infected cells, the organization and biogenesis of the cVAC remain unclear. Accordingly, very little is known about the processes of a final stage of CMV maturation and the virion egress. This minireview summarizes current knowledge about the biogenesis of the betaherpesvirus factory from the already existent endosomal compartments.
{"title":"Cytoplasmic virion assembly compartment of betaherpesviruses","authors":"Ljerka Karleuša, Hana Mahmutefendić Lučin, Gordana Blagojević Zagorac, P. Lučin","doi":"10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10757","url":null,"abstract":"During their life cycle, betaherpesviruses extensively reorganize the membranous system of the cell in order to develop a unique cytoplasmic environment of virion production (“virus factory”), known as cytoplasmic virion assembly compartment (cVAC). The betaherpesvirus cVAC has been studied both in human and murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected cells as they are considered to be models for betaherpesviruses biology. Studies of the cVAC were mainly based on electron microscopy and immunofluorescence tools, and in the previous decade, they have expanded to the use of new technologies and systems approaches (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics), which led to the acquisition of a vast amount of data. Despite the immense expansion of knowledge about membranous organelle system, including a large amount of data derived from CMV infected cells, the organization and biogenesis of the cVAC remain unclear. Accordingly, very little is known about the processes of a final stage of CMV maturation and the virion egress. This minireview summarizes current knowledge about the biogenesis of the betaherpesvirus factory from the already existent endosomal compartments.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42575176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10818
Igor Stuparević
{"title":"Use of bacterial Rho helicase to gain new insights into the targeting mechanism of nuclear RNAs by the exosome-associated exoribonuclease Rrp6 and its cofactors in yeast","authors":"Igor Stuparević","doi":"10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/PB.V121-122I3-4.10818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49094810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18054/PB.V121-122I1-2.10737
I. Mijakovic
The rate of sequencing microbial genomes is accelerating, with the hope of discovering new antibiotics, cures for various diseases or new industrial en-zymes. However, about 25-30% of the genes in the sequenced microbial genomes do not have an assigned function. Predicting the functions of these “unknown” genes could unlock a considerable biological potential for biomedical and biotechnology applications, as well as further our understanding of the molecular tenets of life. Current methods for gene mining rely basically on comparison of primary sequences or 3D-structures to those of already characterized genes. The problem with such approaches is that unknown genes with no homology to the already characterized genes remain completely out of reach. Herein, I argue that evolutionary approaches, such as the genomic phylostratigraphy, can make a substantial contribution to genome mining – especially regarding genes with no homology to the characterized ones. My group has recently used genomic phylostratigraphy to discover new genes involved in sporulation of the bacterial model organism Bacillus subtilis . These new sporulation genes exhibited no sequence homology with the known sporulation genes and were missed by all other genome mining approaches. They have been discovered solely based on their evolutionary age. Along these lines, I argue that phylostratigraphy should be integrated into genome mining pipelines and develop a brief example of how this could be done .
{"title":"Evolutionary age of genes can assist in genome mining","authors":"I. Mijakovic","doi":"10.18054/PB.V121-122I1-2.10737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/PB.V121-122I1-2.10737","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of sequencing microbial genomes is accelerating, with the hope of discovering new antibiotics, cures for various diseases or new industrial en-zymes. However, about 25-30% of the genes in the sequenced microbial genomes do not have an assigned function. Predicting the functions of these “unknown” genes could unlock a considerable biological potential for biomedical and biotechnology applications, as well as further our understanding of the molecular tenets of life. Current methods for gene mining rely basically on comparison of primary sequences or 3D-structures to those of already characterized genes. The problem with such approaches is that unknown genes with no homology to the already characterized genes remain completely out of reach. Herein, I argue that evolutionary approaches, such as the genomic phylostratigraphy, can make a substantial contribution to genome mining – especially regarding genes with no homology to the characterized ones. My group has recently used genomic phylostratigraphy to discover new genes involved in sporulation of the bacterial model organism Bacillus subtilis . These new sporulation genes exhibited no sequence homology with the known sporulation genes and were missed by all other genome mining approaches. They have been discovered solely based on their evolutionary age. Along these lines, I argue that phylostratigraphy should be integrated into genome mining pipelines and develop a brief example of how this could be done .","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48300810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.5632
D. Vona-Túri, T. Szmatona-Túri, Blanka Gál, András Weipert, B. Kiss
Background and purpose: The impact of invasive species in ecosystems is an important problem worldwide and the spreading of invader species are affected exceedingly by linear infrastructure. Primarily the aim of our investigation was to studied how the invasion of the species impacts the isopod diversity of roadside verges. Secondly, we determined what attributes of linear infrastructure affect on mass occurrence by the species. Materials and methods: Double-glass pitfall traps were established a total of 37 localities along highways and mainroads in Hungary between 2011 and 2015. To studied what attributes of roads affect the abundance of A. vulgare we considered seasons, adjacent areas, road edge proximity, leaf-litter depth, highway age, vegetation and mowing. Results: We collected a total of 18 isopod species. The A. vulgare was the most abundant and frequently encountered species in both road types, which represented 89% of the total isopod catches. The high abundance of the species negatively correlated with isopod diversity. The invasive nature of this species is promoted by summer conditions, proximity of arable fields, intermediate distance from the road, leaf-litter at a depth of 3 cm and the youthfullness of the sampling sites. On mainroad verges the highest abundance was in the non-mown sections of the arid grassland sites. Conclusions: Our results suggest that this species is likely to adversely impact ecosystem function of roadside verges in Hungary. Different land use, water supply, surrounding landscapes, habitat structure, vegetation, biogeographical context and human activities along road verges influence the invasiveness of A. vulgare.
{"title":"Invasive occurrence and abundance changes of Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) in Hungarian roadside verges","authors":"D. Vona-Túri, T. Szmatona-Túri, Blanka Gál, András Weipert, B. Kiss","doi":"10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.5632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.5632","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: The impact of invasive species in ecosystems is an important problem worldwide and the spreading of invader species are affected exceedingly by linear infrastructure. Primarily the aim of our investigation was to studied how the invasion of the species impacts the isopod diversity of roadside verges. Secondly, we determined what attributes of linear infrastructure affect on mass occurrence by the species. \u0000Materials and methods: Double-glass pitfall traps were established a total of 37 localities along highways and mainroads in Hungary between 2011 and 2015. To studied what attributes of roads affect the abundance of A. vulgare we considered seasons, adjacent areas, road edge proximity, leaf-litter depth, highway age, vegetation and mowing. \u0000Results: We collected a total of 18 isopod species. The A. vulgare was the most abundant and frequently encountered species in both road types, which represented 89% of the total isopod catches. The high abundance of the species negatively correlated with isopod diversity. The invasive nature of this species is promoted by summer conditions, proximity of arable fields, intermediate distance from the road, leaf-litter at a depth of 3 cm and the youthfullness of the sampling sites. On mainroad verges the highest abundance was in the non-mown sections of the arid grassland sites. \u0000Conclusions: Our results suggest that this species is likely to adversely impact ecosystem function of roadside verges in Hungary. Different land use, water supply, surrounding landscapes, habitat structure, vegetation, biogeographical context and human activities along road verges influence the invasiveness of A. vulgare.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.4924
M. Šćepanović
Background and purpose: Abutilon theophrasti Medik (velvetleaf) is an invasive plant well spread in Croatia as noxious weed species. The aim of this study was to provide morphological, phenological and reproductive information of velvetleaf grown under various densities: 2, 5, 10 and 20 plants m-2. Material and methods: The field experiment was conducted in 2014 at University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture as complete randomized blocks design. Throughout the vegetation morphological (hypocotyl and epicotyls length, number of leaves and branches, plant height, shoot dry weight and diameter), phenological (beginning of flowering end of flowering and first capsule formation; GDD to beginning of flowering end of flowering and first capsule formation) and reproductive (capsules plant-1, seed capsules -1, seeds plant-1, seeds m-2, 1000 seeds weight and germinability) characteristics were measured. Results and conclusion: Mostly all morphological and reproductive characteristics were significantly affected by plant density. Increase of velvetleaf competition from 2 to 20 plants m-2 hasreduced number of capsule and consequently almost five fold decreased seed production per plant. However, plants which have been growing at densities > 5 plants m-2 produced in average 50% more seeds per land area than plants at the lowest density. Low germinability at harvest (2%) and six month later (15%) indicate on primary dormancy and possibility for longevity in soil if plants are left uncontrolled in the field. In contrast to morphological and reproductive changes, plants in high density did not showed increasing growing degree days requirements.
{"title":"Morphological, phenological and reproducitve characteristics of the invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik as affected by various plant densities","authors":"M. Šćepanović","doi":"10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.4924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.4924","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: Abutilon theophrasti Medik (velvetleaf) is an invasive plant well spread in Croatia as noxious weed species. The aim of this study was to provide morphological, phenological and reproductive information of velvetleaf grown under various densities: 2, 5, 10 and 20 plants m-2. \u0000Material and methods: The field experiment was conducted in 2014 at University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture as complete randomized blocks design. Throughout the vegetation morphological (hypocotyl and epicotyls length, number of leaves and branches, plant height, shoot dry weight and diameter), phenological (beginning of flowering end of flowering and first capsule formation; GDD to beginning of flowering end of flowering and first capsule formation) and reproductive (capsules plant-1, seed capsules -1, seeds plant-1, seeds m-2, 1000 seeds weight and germinability) characteristics were measured. \u0000Results and conclusion: Mostly all morphological and reproductive characteristics were significantly affected by plant density. Increase of velvetleaf competition from 2 to 20 plants m-2 hasreduced number of capsule and consequently almost five fold decreased seed production per plant. However, plants which have been growing at densities > 5 plants m-2 produced in average 50% more seeds per land area than plants at the lowest density. Low germinability at harvest (2%) and six month later (15%) indicate on primary dormancy and possibility for longevity in soil if plants are left uncontrolled in the field. In contrast to morphological and reproductive changes, plants in high density did not showed increasing growing degree days requirements.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6703
O. Kravchenko, N. Raksha, T. Halenova, T. Ishchuk, T. Vovk, M. Tymoshenko, O. Savchuk, L. Ostapchenko
Abstract Background: Fibrinolysis and thrombosis alterations include important parts of stroke pathophysiology. At the same time fibrinolytic system disorders are a common feature of patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. So it may increase the possibility of developing atherosclerotic lesions and occlusive intravascular thrombi. The present study investigated the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus presence on the indicators of fibrinolytic parameters (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) content, streptokinase-activated plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin activities, euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and Hageman-factor-dependent fibrinolysis time) under ischemic stroke (IS). Materials and methods: Participants were 87 subjects with IS, 22 of them had diabetes mellitus. Blood samples besides for aforementioned parameters were analyzed for glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin content. Results: The research established increase of plasma PAI-1 and tPA levels, ECLT, Hageman-factor-dependent fibrinolysis time in IS and IS with diabetes mellitus patient groups in comparison with the control. PAI-1 concentration in plasma was positively correlated with both lysis time tests but tPA content was negative correlated with glucose level and PAI-1 for only IS patients. But there was a high negative correlation between tPA and ECLT as well as Hageman-factor-dependent fibrinolysis time for both investigated IS forms. Conclusions: The results showed important differences in the characteristics of the fibrinolytic mechanism in IS patients compared with healthy population. The major differences were elevated PAI-1 and t-PA contents and prolonged ECLT in IS patients but no significant differences in these parameters were observed between the patients with IS and IS with diabetes.
{"title":"Fibrinolytic parameters under ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus combination","authors":"O. Kravchenko, N. Raksha, T. Halenova, T. Ishchuk, T. Vovk, M. Tymoshenko, O. Savchuk, L. Ostapchenko","doi":"10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: Fibrinolysis and thrombosis alterations include important parts of stroke pathophysiology. At the same time fibrinolytic system disorders are a common feature of patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. So it may increase the possibility of developing atherosclerotic lesions and occlusive intravascular thrombi. The present study investigated the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus presence on the indicators of fibrinolytic parameters (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) content, streptokinase-activated plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin activities, euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and Hageman-factor-dependent fibrinolysis time) under ischemic stroke (IS). \u0000Materials and methods: Participants were 87 subjects with IS, 22 of them had diabetes mellitus. Blood samples besides for aforementioned parameters were analyzed for glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin content. \u0000Results: The research established increase of plasma PAI-1 and tPA levels, ECLT, Hageman-factor-dependent fibrinolysis time in IS and IS with diabetes mellitus patient groups in comparison with the control. PAI-1 concentration in plasma was positively correlated with both lysis time tests but tPA content was negative correlated with glucose level and PAI-1 for only IS patients. But there was a high negative correlation between tPA and ECLT as well as Hageman-factor-dependent fibrinolysis time for both investigated IS forms. \u0000Conclusions: The results showed important differences in the characteristics of the fibrinolytic mechanism in IS patients compared with healthy population. The major differences were elevated PAI-1 and t-PA contents and prolonged ECLT in IS patients but no significant differences in these parameters were observed between the patients with IS and IS with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6749
S. Bekic, D. Drenjančević, J. Talapko, Ivan Kotris, I. Škrlec, J. Vraneš
Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin on the adherence ability and morphology of wild-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to the Buffalo green monkey kidney cell line, using indirect immunofluorescence staining. Materials and methods: Bacterial adherence changes were tested before and after exposure to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32 MIC of antibiotics. Results: A statistical difference in the number of attached bacteria after exposure to all subMICs of ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin was observed (p<0.05), even after only 1/2 MIC of gentamicin. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that antibiotics in much lower concentrations than those necessary for inhibition of bacterial multiplications could damage the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the epithelial cell line.
{"title":"The effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the adherence ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to epithelial cells in vitro","authors":"S. Bekic, D. Drenjančević, J. Talapko, Ivan Kotris, I. Škrlec, J. Vraneš","doi":"10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6749","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin on the adherence ability and morphology of wild-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to the Buffalo green monkey kidney cell line, using indirect immunofluorescence staining. \u0000Materials and methods: Bacterial adherence changes were tested before and after exposure to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32 MIC of antibiotics. \u0000Results: A statistical difference in the number of attached bacteria after exposure to all subMICs of ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin was observed (p<0.05), even after only 1/2 MIC of gentamicin. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that antibiotics in much lower concentrations than those necessary for inhibition of bacterial multiplications could damage the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the epithelial cell line.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45501590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6650
D. Szép
Background and purpose: The assumption that the species composition and the relative abundance of small mammals in pellets of Barn Owls reflects the landscape structure of the hunting area is tested, based on habitat preferences of small mammals identified from pellets collected in the hilly and lowland parts of Baranja county (Croatia). Materials and methods: During 2007 we collected 2395 whole pellets and their fragments in 21 localities, from which 6613 prey remains were identified as belonging to small mammals (99.5%) of 23 species. The correlation between the relative abundance of mammal species and landscape structures (habitat types and landscape features) was tested. Results: There was a significant correlation between the relative abundance of seven small mammal species and the proportion of particular landscape structure classes. The number of small mammal species showed a negative correlation with the area of inland marshes. The evenness of the small mammal fauna grew with the mosaicity of landscape and the length of the borders in the owl’s hunting area. In the total prey the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) dominated with more than 62%, which indicates its population outbreak. The diversity and evenness of small mammals in the hilly and lowland regions did not differ. Conclusions: We found significant correlations between the relative abundance of some small mammal species and the landscape structure classes in the owls’ hunting area. Our results suggested that the diversity of small mammals increases as the mosaic of the landscape increases, while the degree of population outbreak of the Common Vole decreases. These relationships should be taken into consideration when designing landscapes or changing land use.
{"title":"Connection between prey composition and the landscape structure in the hunting area of Barn Owl’s (Tyto alba) in Baranja (Croatia)","authors":"D. Szép","doi":"10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6650","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: The assumption that the species composition and the relative abundance of small mammals in pellets of Barn Owls reflects the landscape structure of the hunting area is tested, based on habitat preferences of small mammals identified from pellets collected in the hilly and lowland parts of Baranja county (Croatia). \u0000Materials and methods: During 2007 we collected 2395 whole pellets and their fragments in 21 localities, from which 6613 prey remains were identified as belonging to small mammals (99.5%) of 23 species. The correlation between the relative abundance of mammal species and landscape structures (habitat types and landscape features) was tested. \u0000Results: There was a significant correlation between the relative abundance of seven small mammal species and the proportion of particular landscape structure classes. The number of small mammal species showed a negative correlation with the area of inland marshes. The evenness of the small mammal fauna grew with the mosaicity of landscape and the length of the borders in the owl’s hunting area. In the total prey the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) dominated with more than 62%, which indicates its population outbreak. The diversity and evenness of small mammals in the hilly and lowland regions did not differ. \u0000Conclusions: We found significant correlations between the relative abundance of some small mammal species and the landscape structure classes in the owls’ hunting area. Our results suggested that the diversity of small mammals increases as the mosaic of the landscape increases, while the degree of population outbreak of the Common Vole decreases. These relationships should be taken into consideration when designing landscapes or changing land use.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43184388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6866
Shah Hussain
Background and purpose: Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration in rice grains can help improve Zn nutrition of people. The combinations of Zn and nitrogen (N) applications at panicle initiation were investigated for Zn biofortification in rice. Materials and methods: Rice (cv. Super Basmati) seedling were grown in pots having a calcareous soil. All possible combinations of four Zn (control, Soil 6 mg Zn kg–1, foliar 2 × 0.2% Zn and soil + foliar Zn) and three N (control, soil 20 mg N kg–1 and foliar 0.5% N) levels were imposed at panicle initiation. At maturity, grains were analysed for Zn and proteins. Results: Grain protein concentration was significantly increased with foliar Zn treatments, and with soil and foliar N. Maximum grain Zn concertation (30 mg kg–1) was achieved with application of soil Zn + foliar Zn + foliar N. At each N level, Zn application by either method significantly increased grain Zn concentration over control. This increase in grain Zn concertation at N levels was 36 to 54% with soil Zn + foliar Zn, 27 to 45% with foliar Zn and 9 to 15% with soil Zn over its control level. Conclusions: Grain Zn concentration was significantly increased with soil N when combined with soil Zn, and with foliar N when combined with foliar Zn treatments. Conclusively, foliar N combined with soil + foliar Zn is the best combination of late Zn and N application for agronomic Zn biofortification in rice.
背景与目的：提高稻米中锌的含量有助于改善人体锌营养状况。研究了水稻穗期施用锌和氮的组合对锌生物强化的影响。材料和方法：在石灰性土壤中培育水稻幼苗。四种锌（对照，土壤6 mg Zn kg–1，叶面2×0.2%锌和土壤+叶面锌）和三种氮（对照，土地20 mg N kg–1和叶面0.5%N）水平的所有可能组合都在穗期施用。成熟时，对谷物进行锌和蛋白质分析。结果：叶面锌处理显著提高了籽粒蛋白质浓度，土壤和叶面氮也显著提高了蛋白质浓度。施用土壤锌+叶面锌+叶面氮可使籽粒锌浓度达到最大值（30 mg kg–1）。在氮水平下，土壤锌+叶面锌的籽粒锌含量比对照水平增加了36%至54%，叶面锌增加了27%至45%，土壤锌增加了9%至15%。结论：施用土壤锌时，籽粒锌浓度随土壤氮浓度的增加而显著增加，施用叶面锌时，粒锌浓度随叶面氮浓度的升高而显著增加。综上所述，叶面施氮与土壤+叶面施锌是水稻后期施锌和施氮的最佳组合。
{"title":"Combined zinc and nitrogen applications at panicle initiation for zinc biofortification in rice","authors":"Shah Hussain","doi":"10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.6866","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration in rice grains can help improve Zn nutrition of people. The combinations of Zn and nitrogen (N) applications at panicle initiation were investigated for Zn biofortification in rice. \u0000Materials and methods: Rice (cv. Super Basmati) seedling were grown in pots having a calcareous soil. All possible combinations of four Zn (control, Soil 6 mg Zn kg–1, foliar 2 × 0.2% Zn and soil + foliar Zn) and three N (control, soil 20 mg N kg–1 and foliar 0.5% N) levels were imposed at panicle initiation. At maturity, grains were analysed for Zn and proteins. \u0000Results: Grain protein concentration was significantly increased with foliar Zn treatments, and with soil and foliar N. Maximum grain Zn concertation (30 mg kg–1) was achieved with application of soil Zn + foliar Zn + foliar N. At each N level, Zn application by either method significantly increased grain Zn concentration over control. This increase in grain Zn concertation at N levels was 36 to 54% with soil Zn + foliar Zn, 27 to 45% with foliar Zn and 9 to 15% with soil Zn over its control level. \u0000Conclusions: Grain Zn concentration was significantly increased with soil N when combined with soil Zn, and with foliar N when combined with foliar Zn treatments. Conclusively, foliar N combined with soil + foliar Zn is the best combination of late Zn and N application for agronomic Zn biofortification in rice.","PeriodicalId":19950,"journal":{"name":"Periodicum Biologorum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44430711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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