Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001367
Jideng Ma, Zian Li, Lanmin Liu, Xiaoqin Luo, Xiaoya Ma, Yumei Zhang, Lei Jiang, Xiangren A
This study aimed to explore extracellular microRNA derived from Echinococcus multilocularis (EM) in the plasma of patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and assess its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. EM-derived miRNAs were identified in plasma samples from 20 AE patients through miRNA sequencing. Three novel miRNA molecules (emu-miR-novel 1, 2 and 3) were predicted through bioinformatic analysis to elucidate their chromosomal locations, secondary structures and precursor forms. Subsequently, plasma samples from 30 AE patients and 30 controls were utilized to establish an assay via stem-loop reverse transcription PCR, optimizing primers, reaction systems, and conditions to assess cross-reactivity and sensitivity. Clinical validation revealed that emu-miR-novel 1 had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8994, a P value of less than 0.0001, a sensitivity of 83.3%, and a specificity of 86.7%. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for emu-miR-novel 1 (P < 0.05), whereas emu-miR-novel 2 and 3 showed AUC values of 0.7922 and 0.6883, with P values of 0.0001 and 0.012, respectively, indicating no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with samples from 18 common viruses, 4 parasitic infections, and miRNAs from AE sequenced from 8 species, confirming its high specificity. Emu-miR-novel 1 exhibited a sensitivity of 1 femtomolar. Emu-miR-novel 1 holds promise as a key diagnostic tool for AE, offering a novel perspective and approach for disease diagnosis.
{"title":"Novel miRNA biomarkers for alveolar echinococcosis: sequencing and clinical validation.","authors":"Jideng Ma, Zian Li, Lanmin Liu, Xiaoqin Luo, Xiaoya Ma, Yumei Zhang, Lei Jiang, Xiangren A","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001367","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore extracellular microRNA derived from <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> (EM) in the plasma of patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and assess its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. EM-derived miRNAs were identified in plasma samples from 20 AE patients through miRNA sequencing. Three novel miRNA molecules (emu-miR-novel 1, 2 and 3) were predicted through bioinformatic analysis to elucidate their chromosomal locations, secondary structures and precursor forms. Subsequently, plasma samples from 30 AE patients and 30 controls were utilized to establish an assay <i>via</i> stem-loop reverse transcription PCR, optimizing primers, reaction systems, and conditions to assess cross-reactivity and sensitivity. Clinical validation revealed that emu-miR-novel 1 had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8994, a <i>P</i> value of less than 0.0001, a sensitivity of 83.3%, and a specificity of 86.7%. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for emu-miR-novel 1 (<i>P</i> < 0.05), whereas emu-miR-novel 2 and 3 showed AUC values of 0.7922 and 0.6883, with <i>P</i> values of 0.0001 and 0.012, respectively, indicating no significant difference between groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Furthermore, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with samples from 18 common viruses, 4 parasitic infections, and miRNAs from AE sequenced from 8 species, confirming its high specificity. Emu-miR-novel 1 exhibited a sensitivity of 1 femtomolar. Emu-miR-novel 1 holds promise as a key diagnostic tool for AE, offering a novel perspective and approach for disease diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001409
Léa Bordes, Corentin Souchon, Alice Claessens, Sophie Lavigne, Geneviève Bouix, Margaux Goyenetche, Laurence Sagot, Christelle Grisez, Guy-Gérard Merlande, Philippe Jacquiet
The emergence of AH multiresistant GIN compromises sustainability of grassland sheep farming worldwide. Plants rich in condensed tannins are an alternative method of parasitism management that is currently being explored. Feed supplementation trials with pellets rich in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and quebracho (Schinopsis spp.) were carried out. Three meat sheep farms in western France took part in the study and a total of 4 trials were carried out.During these 21-day trials, the ewes were returned to the sheepfold and half of them received a balanced ration supplemented with 70 g day−1 of healthy hay and quebracho pellets, while the other half received the same ration supplemented with 70 g day−1 of lucerne pellets. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were carried out at the start and end of each trial, and nematode species were identified by real-time PCR after larval culture. At D0, FEC were similar in both groups for all 4 trials. Proportions of species infecting the ewes varied from 1 trial to another: Haemonchus contortus was predominant in summer and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in winter. At D21, there were no significant differences in FEC between groups. Helminthofauna were not significantly different between groups, except for 1 trial where the proportion of H. contortus was reduced in the group supplemented with condensed-tannin pellets. The use of condensed tannins still requires additional studies to be advised as an effective method to manage gastrointestinal nematodes in farm.
{"title":"Pellets enriched with healthy hay and quebracho are not sufficient to control gastrointestinal nematodes in meat sheep commercial flocks.","authors":"Léa Bordes, Corentin Souchon, Alice Claessens, Sophie Lavigne, Geneviève Bouix, Margaux Goyenetche, Laurence Sagot, Christelle Grisez, Guy-Gérard Merlande, Philippe Jacquiet","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001409","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of AH multiresistant GIN compromises sustainability of grassland sheep farming worldwide. Plants rich in condensed tannins are an alternative method of parasitism management that is currently being explored. Feed supplementation trials with pellets rich in sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis viciifolia</i>) and quebracho (<i>Schinopsis</i> spp.) were carried out. Three meat sheep farms in western France took part in the study and a total of 4 trials were carried out.During these 21-day trials, the ewes were returned to the sheepfold and half of them received a balanced ration supplemented with 70 g day<sup>−1</sup> of healthy hay and quebracho pellets, while the other half received the same ration supplemented with 70 g day<sup>−1</sup> of lucerne pellets. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were carried out at the start and end of each trial, and nematode species were identified by real-time PCR after larval culture. At D0, FEC were similar in both groups for all 4 trials. Proportions of species infecting the ewes varied from 1 trial to another: <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> was predominant in summer and <i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i> in winter. At D21, there were no significant differences in FEC between groups. Helminthofauna were not significantly different between groups, except for 1 trial where the proportion of <i>H. contortus</i> was reduced in the group supplemented with condensed-tannin pellets. The use of condensed tannins still requires additional studies to be advised as an effective method to manage gastrointestinal nematodes in farm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1380-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ticks prefer specific feeding sites on a host that are influenced by host–tick and tick–tick interactions. This study focused on the spatiotemporal distribution of ticks in Hokkaido sika deer, an important tick host in Hokkaido, Japan. Tick sampling was performed on the sika deer in the Shiretoko National Park between June and October 2022. Ticks were collected from 9 different body parts of the deer to compare their attachment site preferences. Interspecific and intraspecific relationships among ticks were examined using co-occurrence analysis. The collected ticks were nymphal and adult stages of 4 species: Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis japonica and Haemaphysalis megaspinosa. Seasonal variations in tick burden were observed, with I. persulcatus and I. ovatus peaking in June and declining towards October; H. japonica showing low numbers in July and August and increasing from September; and H. megaspinosa appearing from September onwards with little variation. Attachment site preferences varied among species, with a significant preference for the pinna in I. ovatus and I. persulcatus. Haemaphysalis japonica was mainly found on the body and legs between June and August, and shifted to the pinna from September. Haemaphysalis megaspinosa showed a general preference for areas other than the legs. Co-occurrence analysis revealed positive, negative and random co-occurrence patterns among the tick species. Ticks of the same genus and species exhibited positive co-occurrence patterns; I. ovatus showed negative co-occurrence patterns with Haemaphysalis spp. This study revealed the unique attachment site preferences and distinct seasonal distributions of tick species in the Hokkaido sika deer.
{"title":"Seasonal infestation patterns of ticks on Hokkaido sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon yesoensis</i>).","authors":"Kotaro Shimizu, Michito Shimozuru, Masami Yamanaka, Genta Ito, Ryo Nakao, Toshio Tsubota","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001227","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks prefer specific feeding sites on a host that are influenced by host–tick and tick–tick interactions. This study focused on the spatiotemporal distribution of ticks in Hokkaido sika deer, an important tick host in Hokkaido, Japan. Tick sampling was performed on the sika deer in the Shiretoko National Park between June and October 2022. Ticks were collected from 9 different body parts of the deer to compare their attachment site preferences. Interspecific and intraspecific relationships among ticks were examined using co-occurrence analysis. The collected ticks were nymphal and adult stages of 4 species: <i>Ixodes ovatus</i>, <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i>, <i>Haemaphysalis japonica</i> and <i>Haemaphysalis megaspinosa</i>. Seasonal variations in tick burden were observed, with <i>I. persulcatus</i> and <i>I. ovatus</i> peaking in June and declining towards October; <i>H. japonica</i> showing low numbers in July and August and increasing from September; and <i>H. megaspinosa</i> appearing from September onwards with little variation. Attachment site preferences varied among species, with a significant preference for the pinna in <i>I. ovatus</i> and <i>I. persulcatus</i>. <i>Haemaphysalis japonica</i> was mainly found on the body and legs between June and August, and shifted to the pinna from September. <i>Haemaphysalis megaspinosa</i> showed a general preference for areas other than the legs. Co-occurrence analysis revealed positive, negative and random co-occurrence patterns among the tick species. Ticks of the same genus and species exhibited positive co-occurrence patterns; <i>I. ovatus</i> showed negative co-occurrence patterns with <i>Haemaphysalis</i> spp. This study revealed the unique attachment site preferences and distinct seasonal distributions of tick species in the Hokkaido sika deer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1317-1325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001185
Sangwook Ahn, Elizabeth M Redman, Stefan Gavriliuc, Jennifer Bellaw, John S Gilleard, Philip D McLoughlin, Jocelyn Poissant
Identifying factors that drive among-individual variation in mixed parasitic infections is fundamental to understanding the ecology and evolution of host–parasite interactions. However, a lack of non-invasive diagnostic tools to quantify mixed infections has restricted their investigation for host populations in the wild. This study applied DNA metabarcoding on parasite larvae cultured from faecal samples to characterize mixed strongyle infections of 320 feral horses on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, in 2014 to test for the influence of host (age, sex and reproductive/social status) and environmental (location, local density and social group membership) factors on variation. Twenty-five strongyle species were identified, with individual infections ranging from 3 to 18 species with a mean richness (±1 s.d.) of 10.8 ± 3.1. Strongyle eggs shed in faeces were dominated by small strongyle (cyathostomins) species in young individuals, transitioning to large strongyles (Strongylus spp.) in adults. Egg counts were highest in young individuals and in the west or centre of the island for most species. Individuals in the same social group had similar parasite communities, supporting the hypothesis that shared environment may drive parasite assemblages. Other factors such as local horse density, sex, date and reproductive/social status had minimal impacts on infection patterns. This study demonstrates that mixed infections can be dynamic across host ontogeny and space and emphasizes the need to consider species-specific infection patterns when investigating mixed infections.
{"title":"Mixed strongyle parasite infections vary across host age and space in a population of feral horses.","authors":"Sangwook Ahn, Elizabeth M Redman, Stefan Gavriliuc, Jennifer Bellaw, John S Gilleard, Philip D McLoughlin, Jocelyn Poissant","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001185","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying factors that drive among-individual variation in mixed parasitic infections is fundamental to understanding the ecology and evolution of host–parasite interactions. However, a lack of non-invasive diagnostic tools to quantify mixed infections has restricted their investigation for host populations in the wild. This study applied DNA metabarcoding on parasite larvae cultured from faecal samples to characterize mixed strongyle infections of 320 feral horses on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, in 2014 to test for the influence of host (age, sex and reproductive/social status) and environmental (location, local density and social group membership) factors on variation. Twenty-five strongyle species were identified, with individual infections ranging from 3 to 18 species with a mean richness (±1 s.d.) of 10.8 ± 3.1. Strongyle eggs shed in faeces were dominated by small strongyle (cyathostomins) species in young individuals, transitioning to large strongyles (<i>Strongylus</i> spp.) in adults. Egg counts were highest in young individuals and in the west or centre of the island for most species. Individuals in the same social group had similar parasite communities, supporting the hypothesis that shared environment may drive parasite assemblages. Other factors such as local horse density, sex, date and reproductive/social status had minimal impacts on infection patterns. This study demonstrates that mixed infections can be dynamic across host ontogeny and space and emphasizes the need to consider species-specific infection patterns when investigating mixed infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1299-1316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001288
Nian-Zhang Zhang, Meng Wang, Wei-Gang Chen, Wen-Yan Gai, Thanh Thi Ha Dao, Ting-Ting Li, Wen-Hui Li, Hai-Rui Zhang, Hong Yin, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Bao-Quan Fu
Natural infection by Trichinella sp. has been reported in humans and more than 150 species of animals, especially carnivorous and omnivorous mammals. Although the presence of Trichinella sp. infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) has been documented worldwide, limited information is known about Trichinella circulation in farmed wild boars in China. This study intends to investigate the prevalence of Trichinella sp. in farmed wild boars in China. Seven hundred and sixty-one (761) muscle samples from farmed wild boars were collected in Jilin Province of China from 2017 to 2020. The diaphragm muscles were examined by artificial digestion method. The overall prevalence of Trichinella in farmed wild boars was 0.53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.55]. The average parasite loading was 0.076 ± 0.025 larvae per gram (lpg), and the highest burden was 0.21 lpg in a wild boar from Fusong city. Trichinella spiralis was the only species identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The 5S rDNA inter-genic spacer region of Trichinella was amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the obtained sequence (GenBank accession number: OQ725583) shared 100% identity with the T. spiralis HLJ isolate (GenBank accession number: MH289505). Since the consumption of farmed wild boars is expected to increase in the future, these findings highlight the significance of developing exclusive guidelines for the processing of slaughtered farmed wild boar meat in China.
据报道,旋毛虫属在人类和150多种动物,特别是肉食性和杂食性哺乳动物中有自然感染。虽然在世界范围内都有记录表明野猪中存在旋毛虫感染(Sus scrofa),但关于中国养殖野猪中旋毛虫传播的信息有限。本研究旨在调查中国养殖野猪中旋毛虫的流行情况。2017 - 2020年在吉林省采集了761份养殖野猪肌肉样本。采用人工消化法检查膈肌。养殖野猪中旋毛虫的总体流行率为0.53%[95%可信区间(CI): 0.51-0.55]。抚松市野猪平均寄生量为0.076±0.025只/ g (lpg),最高为0.21只/ g (lpg)。旋毛虫是唯一经多重聚合酶链反应鉴定的菌种。对旋毛虫5S rDNA基因间隔区进行扩增和测序。结果表明,所获得的序列(GenBank登录号:OQ725583)与螺旋螺旋体HLJ分离株(GenBank登录号:MH289505)同源性100%。由于养殖野猪的消费量预计将在未来增加,这些研究结果强调了在中国制定屠宰养殖野猪肉加工专门指南的重要性。
{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> in farmed wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>): an underrated risk in China.","authors":"Nian-Zhang Zhang, Meng Wang, Wei-Gang Chen, Wen-Yan Gai, Thanh Thi Ha Dao, Ting-Ting Li, Wen-Hui Li, Hai-Rui Zhang, Hong Yin, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Bao-Quan Fu","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001288","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural infection by <i>Trichinella</i> sp. has been reported in humans and more than 150 species of animals, especially carnivorous and omnivorous mammals. Although the presence of <i>Trichinella</i> sp. infection in wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) has been documented worldwide, limited information is known about <i>Trichinella</i> circulation in farmed wild boars in China. This study intends to investigate the prevalence of <i>Trichinella</i> sp. in farmed wild boars in China. Seven hundred and sixty-one (761) muscle samples from farmed wild boars were collected in Jilin Province of China from 2017 to 2020. The diaphragm muscles were examined by artificial digestion method. The overall prevalence of <i>Trichinella</i> in farmed wild boars was 0.53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.55]. The average parasite loading was 0.076 ± 0.025 larvae per gram (lpg), and the highest burden was 0.21 lpg in a wild boar from Fusong city. <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> was the only species identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The 5S rDNA inter-genic spacer region of <i>Trichinella</i> was amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the obtained sequence (GenBank accession number: OQ725583) shared 100% identity with the <i>T. spiralis</i> HLJ isolate (GenBank accession number: MH289505). Since the consumption of farmed wild boars is expected to increase in the future, these findings highlight the significance of developing exclusive guidelines for the processing of slaughtered farmed wild boar meat in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1351-1354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by Eimeria spp., and the emergence of drug resistance has seriously affected the control of the disease. Using RNA-seq, we previously found that phosphoglycerate kinase of Eimeria tenella (EtPGK) was differentially downregulated in diclazuril-resistant (DZR) and maduramicin-resistant (MRR) strains compared with drug-sensitive (DS) strain. In this study, we further analysed the characteristics and functions of EtPGK to find the possible mechanism of drug resistance of E. tenella. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot found that EtPGK was highly expressed in sporulated oocysts, followed by sporozoites and second-generation merozoites of E. tenella. Indirect immunofluorescence localization showed that EtPGK was located mainly in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the parasites. Invasion inhibition assays showed that anti-rEtPGK antibody significantly inhibited the invasion of parasites. Further studies using qRT-PCR and western blot found that the transcription and translation levels of EtPGK were downregulated in both resistant (DZR and MRR) strains compared with the DS strain, and the transcription level correlated negatively with the drug concentration. The enzyme activity assay revealed that EtPGK enzyme activity was decreased in the DZR strain compared with the DS strain. qRT-PCR revealed that the mRNA transcription level of EtPGK was significantly downregulated in the field DZR strain and salinomycin-resistant strain compared with the DS strain. These results suggested that EtPGK has other important roles that are separate and distinct from its function in glycolysis, and it might be involved in the development of drug resistance of E. tenella.
球虫病是由艾美耳属引起的一种寄生虫病,耐药性的出现严重影响了该病的控制。此前,我们利用RNA-seq技术发现,与药物敏感株(DS)相比,地克珠利耐药株(DZR)和马杜霉素耐药株(MRR)中的天牛埃默氏菌磷酸甘油酸激酶(EtPGK)存在不同程度的下调。本研究进一步分析了EtPGK的特征和功能,以寻找天牛肠杆菌耐药的可能机制。定量实时 PCR(qRT-PCR)和 Western 印迹发现,EtPGK 在天牛的孢子化卵囊、孢子虫和第二代裂殖子中高表达。间接免疫荧光定位显示,EtPGK 主要位于寄生虫的细胞质和表面。侵袭抑制实验表明,抗 rEtPGK 抗体能显著抑制寄生虫的侵袭。利用 qRT-PCR 和 Western 印迹进一步研究发现,与 DS 菌株相比,两种抗性菌株(DZR 和 MRR)中 EtPGK 的转录和翻译水平均出现下调,且转录水平与药物浓度呈负相关。酶活性测定显示,DZR菌株的EtPGK酶活性比DS菌株低。qRT-PCR显示,与DS菌株相比,田间DZR菌株和盐霉素耐药菌株的EtPGK mRNA转录水平显著下调。这些结果表明,EtPGK具有与其糖酵解功能不同的其他重要作用,可能参与了天牛耐药性的产生。
{"title":"Molecular characterization and analysis of the drug resistance-associated protein phosphoglycerate kinase of <i>Eimeria tenella</i>.","authors":"Yu Yu, Wenhao Huang, Qiping Zhao, Shunhai Zhu, Hui Dong, Hongyu Han","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001355","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by <i>Eimeria</i> spp., and the emergence of drug resistance has seriously affected the control of the disease. Using RNA-seq, we previously found that phosphoglycerate kinase of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> (<i>Et</i>PGK) was differentially downregulated in diclazuril-resistant (DZR) and maduramicin-resistant (MRR) strains compared with drug-sensitive (DS) strain. In this study, we further analysed the characteristics and functions of <i>Et</i>PGK to find the possible mechanism of drug resistance of <i>E. tenella</i>. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot found that <i>Et</i>PGK was highly expressed in sporulated oocysts, followed by sporozoites and second-generation merozoites of <i>E. tenella</i>. Indirect immunofluorescence localization showed that <i>Et</i>PGK was located mainly in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the parasites. Invasion inhibition assays showed that anti-r<i>Et</i>PGK antibody significantly inhibited the invasion of parasites. Further studies using qRT-PCR and western blot found that the transcription and translation levels of <i>Et</i>PGK were downregulated in both resistant (DZR and MRR) strains compared with the DS strain, and the transcription level correlated negatively with the drug concentration. The enzyme activity assay revealed that <i>Et</i>PGK enzyme activity was decreased in the DZR strain compared with the DS strain. qRT-PCR revealed that the mRNA transcription level of <i>Et</i>PGK was significantly downregulated in the field DZR strain and salinomycin-resistant strain compared with the DS strain. These results suggested that <i>Et</i>PGK has other important roles that are separate and distinct from its function in glycolysis, and it might be involved in the development of drug resistance of <i>E. tenella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1371-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis), the sole intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, greatly influence the prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis japonica. The distribution area of O. hupensis has remained extensive for numerous years. This study aimed to establish a valid agent-based model of snail density and further explore the environmental conditions suitable for snail breeding. A marshland with O. hupensis was selected as a study site in Dongting Lake Region, and snail surveys were monthly conducted from 2007 to 2016. Combined with the data from historical literature, an agent-based model of snail density was constructed in NetLogo 6.2.0 and validated with the collected survey data. BehaviorSpace was used to identify the optimal ranges of soil temperature, pH, soil water content, and vegetation coverage for snail growth, development and reproduction. An agent-based model of snail density was constructed and showed a strong agreement with the monthly average snail density from the field surveys. As soil temperature increased, the snail density initially rose before declining, reaching its peak at around 21°C. There were similar variation patterns for other environmental factors. The findings from the model suggested that the optimum ranges of soil temperature, pH, soil water content and vegetation coverage were 19°C to 23 °C, 6.4 to 7.6, 42% to 75%, and 70% to 93%, respectively. A valid agent-based model of snail density was constructed, providing more objective information about the optimum ranges of environmental factors for snail growth, development and reproduction.
{"title":"Identification of optimum scopes of environmental drivers for schistosome-transmitting <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> using agent-based model in Dongting Lake Region, China.","authors":"Junhui Huang, Jiamin Wang, Yanfeng Gong, Ning Xu, Yu Zhou, Liyun Zhu, Liang Shi, Yue Chen, Qingwu Jiang, Yibiao Zhou","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001306","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> (<i>O. hupensis</i>), the sole intermediate host of <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i>, greatly influence the prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis japonica. The distribution area of <i>O. hupensis</i> has remained extensive for numerous years. This study aimed to establish a valid agent-based model of snail density and further explore the environmental conditions suitable for snail breeding. A marshland with <i>O. hupensis</i> was selected as a study site in Dongting Lake Region, and snail surveys were monthly conducted from 2007 to 2016. Combined with the data from historical literature, an agent-based model of snail density was constructed in NetLogo 6.2.0 and validated with the collected survey data. BehaviorSpace was used to identify the optimal ranges of soil temperature, pH, soil water content, and vegetation coverage for snail growth, development and reproduction. An agent-based model of snail density was constructed and showed a strong agreement with the monthly average snail density from the field surveys. As soil temperature increased, the snail density initially rose before declining, reaching its peak at around 21°C. There were similar variation patterns for other environmental factors. The findings from the model suggested that the optimum ranges of soil temperature, pH, soil water content and vegetation coverage were 19°C to 23 °C, 6.4 to 7.6, 42% to 75%, and 70% to 93%, respectively. A valid agent-based model of snail density was constructed, providing more objective information about the optimum ranges of environmental factors for snail growth, development and reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1355-1363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001239
Spencer C Galen, Emily Ostrow, Suravi Ray, Marissa Henry, Janice Dispoto, Alison Fetterman, Lisa Kiziuk, Jason D Weckstein
Migratory animals likely play an important role in the geographic spread of parasites. In fact, a common assumption is that parasites are potentially transmitted by migratory animals at temporary stopover sites along migratory routes, yet very few studies have assessed whether transmission at stopover sites can or does occur. We investigated the potential for a group of vector-transmitted parasites, the avian haemosporidians, to be transmitted during migratory stopover periods at Rushton Woods Preserve in Pennsylvania, USA. Using an analysis of 1454 sampled avian hosts, we found that while a core group of abundant haemosporidians was shared between local breeding birds and passing migrants, the parasite community of migratory birds at Rushton was distinct from that of local breeding birds and showed similarity to a previously sampled boreal forest haemosporidian community. Haemosporidians that were unique to passing migratory birds were associated with sampling sites in North America with cooler summer temperatures than haemosporidians that are transmitted at Rushton, suggesting that the transmission of these parasites may be restricted to high-latitude regions outside of our temperate stopover site. We also found that the abundance of mosquitoes in our study region is offset from that of migratory bird abundance during avian migratory periods, with the peak period of bird migration occurring during periods of low mosquito activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that although abundant haemosporidians are possibly transmitted between local and passing migratory birds, a combination of biotic and abiotic factors may constrain haemosporidian transmission during avian stopover at our study site.
{"title":"Migratory birds have a distinct haemosporidian community and are temporally decoupled from vector abundance at a stopover site.","authors":"Spencer C Galen, Emily Ostrow, Suravi Ray, Marissa Henry, Janice Dispoto, Alison Fetterman, Lisa Kiziuk, Jason D Weckstein","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001239","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migratory animals likely play an important role in the geographic spread of parasites. In fact, a common assumption is that parasites are potentially transmitted by migratory animals at temporary stopover sites along migratory routes, yet very few studies have assessed whether transmission at stopover sites can or does occur. We investigated the potential for a group of vector-transmitted parasites, the avian haemosporidians, to be transmitted during migratory stopover periods at Rushton Woods Preserve in Pennsylvania, USA. Using an analysis of 1454 sampled avian hosts, we found that while a core group of abundant haemosporidians was shared between local breeding birds and passing migrants, the parasite community of migratory birds at Rushton was distinct from that of local breeding birds and showed similarity to a previously sampled boreal forest haemosporidian community. Haemosporidians that were unique to passing migratory birds were associated with sampling sites in North America with cooler summer temperatures than haemosporidians that are transmitted at Rushton, suggesting that the transmission of these parasites may be restricted to high-latitude regions outside of our temperate stopover site. We also found that the abundance of mosquitoes in our study region is offset from that of migratory bird abundance during avian migratory periods, with the peak period of bird migration occurring during periods of low mosquito activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that although abundant haemosporidians are possibly transmitted between local and passing migratory birds, a combination of biotic and abiotic factors may constrain haemosporidian transmission during avian stopover at our study site.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1326-1335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001252
Daniel C Huston, Scott C Cutmore, Thomas H Cribb, Pierre Sasal, Russell Q-Y Yong
Emprostiotrema contains just 3 species: E. fusum, E. kuntzi and E. sigani. As adults, all 3 species infect rabbitfishes (Siganidae: Siganus). New collections from 11 species of Siganus from northern Australia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Palau and Japan enabled an exploration of species composition within this genus. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate a deep distinction between 2 major clades; clade 1 comprises most of the sequences of specimens from Australia as well as all of those from Japan, Palau and New Caledonia and clade 2 comprises all sequences of specimens from French Polynesia, 2 sequences from Australia and the single sequence from Bali. In all analyses, both major clades have genetic structuring leading to distinct geographic lineages. Morphologically, specimens relating to clades 1 and 2 differ but overlap in body shape, oral sucker and egg size. Principle component analysis shows a general (but not complete) separation between specimens relating to the 2 clades. We interpret the 2 clades as representing 2 species: clade 1 is identified as E. fusum and is reported in this study from 10 species of siganids from Australia, Japan, Palau and New Caledonia; clade 2 is described as E. gotozakiorum n. sp., for all specimens from French Polynesia and rare specimens from Australia and Indonesia. We recognize E. sigani as a junior synonym of E. fusum. Although species of Emprostiotrema occur widely in the tropical Indo-Pacific, they have not been detected from Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), the southern Great Barrier Reef or Moreton Bay (southern Queensland).
Emprostiotrema 只包含 3 个物种:E.fusum、E.kuntzi 和 E.sigani。成虫时,这 3 个物种都会感染兔鱼(兔鱼科:Siganus)。从澳大利亚北部、印度尼西亚、新喀里多尼亚、法属波利尼西亚、帕劳和日本新采集到的 11 种 Siganus 使我们能够探索该属的物种组成。系统发生学分析表明,该属有两个主要支系:支系 1 包括来自澳大利亚的大部分标本序列以及来自日本、帕劳和新喀里多尼亚的所有标本序列;支系 2 包括来自法属波利尼西亚的所有标本序列、来自澳大利亚的 2 个序列以及来自巴厘岛的单个序列。在所有分析中,这两个主要支系都有遗传结构,形成不同的地理世系。从形态上看,第 1 支系和第 2 支系的标本各不相同,但在体形、口吸盘和卵的大小上有重叠。主成分分析表明,这两个支系的标本之间存在普遍(但不完全)的分离。我们将这两个支系解释为代表 2 个物种:支系 1 被认定为 E. fusum,在本研究中报告了来自澳大利亚、日本、帕劳和新喀里多尼亚的 10 个西干类物种;支系 2 被描述为 E. gotozakiorum n. sp.,代表来自法属波利尼西亚的所有标本以及来自澳大利亚和印度尼西亚的稀有标本。我们认为 E. sigani 是 E. fusum 的低等异名。虽然 Emprostiotrema 物种广泛分布于印度洋-太平洋热带地区,但在宁格鲁礁(西澳大利亚)、大堡礁南部或莫尔顿湾(昆士兰州南部)尚未发现它们的踪迹。
{"title":"Taxonomy and systematics of <i>Emprostiotrema</i> Cianferoni and Ceccolini, 2021 (Digenea: Emprostiotrematidae), parasites of rabbitfish (Siganidae) from the Indo-West Pacific marine region.","authors":"Daniel C Huston, Scott C Cutmore, Thomas H Cribb, Pierre Sasal, Russell Q-Y Yong","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001252","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Emprostiotrema</i> contains just 3 species: <i>E. fusum</i>, <i>E. kuntzi</i> and <i>E. sigani</i>. As adults, all 3 species infect rabbitfishes (Siganidae: <i>Siganus</i>). New collections from 11 species of <i>Siganus</i> from northern Australia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Palau and Japan enabled an exploration of species composition within this genus. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate a deep distinction between 2 major clades; clade 1 comprises most of the sequences of specimens from Australia as well as all of those from Japan, Palau and New Caledonia and clade 2 comprises all sequences of specimens from French Polynesia, 2 sequences from Australia and the single sequence from Bali. In all analyses, both major clades have genetic structuring leading to distinct geographic lineages. Morphologically, specimens relating to clades 1 and 2 differ but overlap in body shape, oral sucker and egg size. Principle component analysis shows a general (but not complete) separation between specimens relating to the 2 clades. We interpret the 2 clades as representing 2 species: clade 1 is identified as <i>E. fusum</i> and is reported in this study from 10 species of siganids from Australia, Japan, Palau and New Caledonia; clade 2 is described as <i>E. gotozakiorum</i> n. sp., for all specimens from French Polynesia and rare specimens from Australia and Indonesia. We recognize <i>E. sigani</i> as a junior synonym of <i>E. fusum</i>. Although species of <i>Emprostiotrema</i> occur widely in the tropical Indo-Pacific, they have not been detected from Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), the southern Great Barrier Reef or Moreton Bay (southern Queensland).</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1336-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001604
Ju Pu, Xiaoxia Lin, Wenge Dong
{"title":"The first mitogenome of the genus Amphalius (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) and its phylogenetic implications - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Ju Pu, Xiaoxia Lin, Wenge Dong","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001604","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1397-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11896667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}