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Novel miRNA biomarkers for alveolar echinococcosis: sequencing and clinical validation. 肺泡棘球蚴病的新型 miRNA 生物标记物:测序和临床验证。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001367
Jideng Ma, Zian Li, Lanmin Liu, Xiaoqin Luo, Xiaoya Ma, Yumei Zhang, Lei Jiang, Xiangren A

This study aimed to explore extracellular microRNA derived from Echinococcus multilocularis (EM) in the plasma of patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and assess its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. EM-derived miRNAs were identified in plasma samples from 20 AE patients through miRNA sequencing. Three novel miRNA molecules (emu-miR-novel 1, 2 and 3) were predicted through bioinformatic analysis to elucidate their chromosomal locations, secondary structures and precursor forms. Subsequently, plasma samples from 30 AE patients and 30 controls were utilized to establish an assay via stem-loop reverse transcription PCR, optimizing primers, reaction systems, and conditions to assess cross-reactivity and sensitivity. Clinical validation revealed that emu-miR-novel 1 had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8994, a P value of less than 0.0001, a sensitivity of 83.3%, and a specificity of 86.7%. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for emu-miR-novel 1 (P < 0.05), whereas emu-miR-novel 2 and 3 showed AUC values of 0.7922 and 0.6883, with P values of 0.0001 and 0.012, respectively, indicating no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with samples from 18 common viruses, 4 parasitic infections, and miRNAs from AE sequenced from 8 species, confirming its high specificity. Emu-miR-novel 1 exhibited a sensitivity of 1 femtomolar. Emu-miR-novel 1 holds promise as a key diagnostic tool for AE, offering a novel perspective and approach for disease diagnosis.

本研究旨在探索肺泡棘球蚴病(AE)患者血浆中来自多房棘球蚴(EM)的细胞外microRNA,并评估其作为诊断生物标志物的潜力。通过miRNA测序,从20例AE患者的血浆样本中鉴定出em来源的miRNA。通过生物信息学分析预测了三个新的miRNA分子(emu-miR-novel 1、2和3),阐明了它们的染色体位置、二级结构和前体形式。随后,利用30例AE患者和30例对照组的血浆样本,通过茎环反转录PCR建立了一种检测方法,优化了引物、反应系统和条件,以评估交叉反应性和敏感性。临床验证显示,emu-miR-novel 1具有最高的诊断准确率,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.8994,P值小于0.0001,敏感性为83.3%,特异性为86.7%。emu-miR-novel 1组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), emu-miR-novel 2和3组间AUC值分别为0.7922和0.6883,P值分别为0.0001和0.012,组间差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。此外,该方法与18种常见病毒、4种寄生虫感染和8种AE测序的mirna无交叉反应性,证实了其高特异性。Emu-miR-novel 1的敏感性为1飞摩尔。Emu-miR-novel 1有望成为AE的关键诊断工具,为疾病诊断提供新的视角和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Pellets enriched with healthy hay and quebracho are not sufficient to control gastrointestinal nematodes in meat sheep commercial flocks. 添加了健康干草和坚木的颗粒不足以控制肉羊商业羊群中的胃肠道线虫。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001409
Léa Bordes, Corentin Souchon, Alice Claessens, Sophie Lavigne, Geneviève Bouix, Margaux Goyenetche, Laurence Sagot, Christelle Grisez, Guy-Gérard Merlande, Philippe Jacquiet

The emergence of AH multiresistant GIN compromises sustainability of grassland sheep farming worldwide. Plants rich in condensed tannins are an alternative method of parasitism management that is currently being explored. Feed supplementation trials with pellets rich in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and quebracho (Schinopsis spp.) were carried out. Three meat sheep farms in western France took part in the study and a total of 4 trials were carried out.During these 21-day trials, the ewes were returned to the sheepfold and half of them received a balanced ration supplemented with 70 g day−1 of healthy hay and quebracho pellets, while the other half received the same ration supplemented with 70 g day−1 of lucerne pellets. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were carried out at the start and end of each trial, and nematode species were identified by real-time PCR after larval culture. At D0, FEC were similar in both groups for all 4 trials. Proportions of species infecting the ewes varied from 1 trial to another: Haemonchus contortus was predominant in summer and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in winter. At D21, there were no significant differences in FEC between groups. Helminthofauna were not significantly different between groups, except for 1 trial where the proportion of H. contortus was reduced in the group supplemented with condensed-tannin pellets. The use of condensed tannins still requires additional studies to be advised as an effective method to manage gastrointestinal nematodes in farm.

AH多重抗药GIN的出现危及全球草原羊养殖的可持续性。富含浓缩单宁的植物是目前正在探索的另一种寄生管理方法。进行了富含红豆素(Onobrychis viciifolia)和毛茛(Schinopsis spp.)颗粒的饲料补充试验。法国西部的三个肉羊农场参与了这项研究,总共进行了4次试验。在这21天的试验中,母羊被送回羊圈,其中一半的母羊接受平衡日粮,添加70 g健康干草和奎布拉丘草颗粒,另一半的母羊接受相同的日粮,添加70 g卢塞恩颗粒。在每个试验开始和结束时进行粪卵计数(FEC),幼虫培养后通过实时荧光定量PCR鉴定线虫种类。在D0时,4个试验中两组FEC相似。不同试验中感染母羊的菌种比例不同,夏季以弯血螨为主,冬季以色毛线虫为主。D21时,各组FEC无显著差异。除1个试验中添加浓缩单宁微丸组的弯尾螺比例降低外,各组间无显著差异。浓缩单宁的使用仍需要进一步的研究,以建议作为一种有效的方法来管理胃肠道线虫在农场。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal infestation patterns of ticks on Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). 北海道梅花鹿(Cervus nippon yesoensis)身上蜱虫的季节性侵扰模式。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001227
Kotaro Shimizu, Michito Shimozuru, Masami Yamanaka, Genta Ito, Ryo Nakao, Toshio Tsubota

Ticks prefer specific feeding sites on a host that are influenced by host–tick and tick–tick interactions. This study focused on the spatiotemporal distribution of ticks in Hokkaido sika deer, an important tick host in Hokkaido, Japan. Tick sampling was performed on the sika deer in the Shiretoko National Park between June and October 2022. Ticks were collected from 9 different body parts of the deer to compare their attachment site preferences. Interspecific and intraspecific relationships among ticks were examined using co-occurrence analysis. The collected ticks were nymphal and adult stages of 4 species: Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis japonica and Haemaphysalis megaspinosa. Seasonal variations in tick burden were observed, with I. persulcatus and I. ovatus peaking in June and declining towards October; H. japonica showing low numbers in July and August and increasing from September; and H. megaspinosa appearing from September onwards with little variation. Attachment site preferences varied among species, with a significant preference for the pinna in I. ovatus and I. persulcatus. Haemaphysalis japonica was mainly found on the body and legs between June and August, and shifted to the pinna from September. Haemaphysalis megaspinosa showed a general preference for areas other than the legs. Co-occurrence analysis revealed positive, negative and random co-occurrence patterns among the tick species. Ticks of the same genus and species exhibited positive co-occurrence patterns; I. ovatus showed negative co-occurrence patterns with Haemaphysalis spp. This study revealed the unique attachment site preferences and distinct seasonal distributions of tick species in the Hokkaido sika deer.

蜱喜欢宿主身上的特定取食部位,这受到宿主-蜱和蜱-蜱相互作用的影响。本研究的重点是北海道梅花鹿体内蜱虫的时空分布,梅花鹿是日本北海道的重要蜱虫宿主。2022 年 6 月至 10 月期间,在知床国立公园对梅花鹿进行了蜱虫采样。从梅花鹿身体的 9 个不同部位采集了蜱虫,以比较它们对附着部位的偏好。通过共现分析,研究了蜱虫之间的种间和种内关系。采集到的蜱为 4 个物种的若虫和成虫:这 4 种蜱分别是 Ixodes ovatus、Ixodes persulcatus、Haemaphysalis japonica 和 Haemaphysalis megaspinosa。观察到蜱虫数量存在季节性变化,其中 I. persulcatus 和 I. ovatus 的数量在 6 月份达到高峰,10 月份开始下降;Haemaphysalis japonica 的数量在 7 月和 8 月较低,9 月份开始上升;Haemaphysalis megaspinosa 从 9 月份开始出现,但变化不大。不同物种对附着点的偏好各不相同,卵形姬蛙(I. ovatus)和柿形姬蛙(I. persulcatus)明显偏好羽片。Haemaphysalis japonica 在 6 月至 8 月期间主要出现在身体和腿部,从 9 月开始转向羽片。Haemaphysalis megaspinosa 一般偏好腿部以外的区域。共现分析表明,蜱类之间存在正、负和随机共现模式。同属同种的蜱表现出正的共现模式;I. ovatus与Haemaphysalis spp.表现出负的共现模式。 这项研究揭示了北海道梅花鹿中蜱物种独特的附着部位偏好和不同的季节分布。
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引用次数: 0
Mixed strongyle parasite infections vary across host age and space in a population of feral horses. 混合圆形寄生虫感染在野马种群中因宿主年龄和空间而异。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001185
Sangwook Ahn, Elizabeth M Redman, Stefan Gavriliuc, Jennifer Bellaw, John S Gilleard, Philip D McLoughlin, Jocelyn Poissant

Identifying factors that drive among-individual variation in mixed parasitic infections is fundamental to understanding the ecology and evolution of host–parasite interactions. However, a lack of non-invasive diagnostic tools to quantify mixed infections has restricted their investigation for host populations in the wild. This study applied DNA metabarcoding on parasite larvae cultured from faecal samples to characterize mixed strongyle infections of 320 feral horses on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, in 2014 to test for the influence of host (age, sex and reproductive/social status) and environmental (location, local density and social group membership) factors on variation. Twenty-five strongyle species were identified, with individual infections ranging from 3 to 18 species with a mean richness (±1 s.d.) of 10.8 ± 3.1. Strongyle eggs shed in faeces were dominated by small strongyle (cyathostomins) species in young individuals, transitioning to large strongyles (Strongylus spp.) in adults. Egg counts were highest in young individuals and in the west or centre of the island for most species. Individuals in the same social group had similar parasite communities, supporting the hypothesis that shared environment may drive parasite assemblages. Other factors such as local horse density, sex, date and reproductive/social status had minimal impacts on infection patterns. This study demonstrates that mixed infections can be dynamic across host ontogeny and space and emphasizes the need to consider species-specific infection patterns when investigating mixed infections.

识别驱动混合寄生虫感染个体差异的因素对于理解宿主-寄生虫相互作用的生态学和进化至关重要。然而,缺乏量化混合感染的非侵入性诊断工具限制了对野生宿主种群的调查。本研究对2014年加拿大新斯科舍省黑貂岛320匹野马粪便中培养的寄生虫幼虫进行DNA元编码,表征混合线虫感染,检测宿主(年龄、性别和生殖/社会地位)和环境(地点、当地密度和社会群体成员)因素对变异的影响。共鉴定出圆形虫种25种,个体感染3 ~ 18种,平均丰富度(±1 s.d)为10.8±3.1。幼虫粪便中的圆线虫卵以小圆线虫(cyathostomins)种为主,成虫粪便中的圆线虫转变为大圆线虫(圆线虫属)。卵数在年轻个体中最高,大多数物种在岛的西部或中部。同一社会群体中的个体具有相似的寄生虫群落,这支持了共享环境可能驱动寄生虫聚集的假设。其他因素,如当地马密度、性别、日期和生殖/社会地位对感染模式的影响最小。该研究表明,混合感染可以在宿主个体发育和空间上动态变化,并强调在调查混合感染时需要考虑物种特异性感染模式。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of Trichinella spiralis in farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa): an underrated risk in China. 养殖野猪(Sus scrofa)中旋毛虫螺旋体的发生:在中国被低估的风险。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001288
Nian-Zhang Zhang, Meng Wang, Wei-Gang Chen, Wen-Yan Gai, Thanh Thi Ha Dao, Ting-Ting Li, Wen-Hui Li, Hai-Rui Zhang, Hong Yin, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Bao-Quan Fu

Natural infection by Trichinella sp. has been reported in humans and more than 150 species of animals, especially carnivorous and omnivorous mammals. Although the presence of Trichinella sp. infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) has been documented worldwide, limited information is known about Trichinella circulation in farmed wild boars in China. This study intends to investigate the prevalence of Trichinella sp. in farmed wild boars in China. Seven hundred and sixty-one (761) muscle samples from farmed wild boars were collected in Jilin Province of China from 2017 to 2020. The diaphragm muscles were examined by artificial digestion method. The overall prevalence of Trichinella in farmed wild boars was 0.53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.55]. The average parasite loading was 0.076 ± 0.025 larvae per gram (lpg), and the highest burden was 0.21 lpg in a wild boar from Fusong city. Trichinella spiralis was the only species identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The 5S rDNA inter-genic spacer region of Trichinella was amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the obtained sequence (GenBank accession number: OQ725583) shared 100% identity with the T. spiralis HLJ isolate (GenBank accession number: MH289505). Since the consumption of farmed wild boars is expected to increase in the future, these findings highlight the significance of developing exclusive guidelines for the processing of slaughtered farmed wild boar meat in China.

据报道,旋毛虫属在人类和150多种动物,特别是肉食性和杂食性哺乳动物中有自然感染。虽然在世界范围内都有记录表明野猪中存在旋毛虫感染(Sus scrofa),但关于中国养殖野猪中旋毛虫传播的信息有限。本研究旨在调查中国养殖野猪中旋毛虫的流行情况。2017 - 2020年在吉林省采集了761份养殖野猪肌肉样本。采用人工消化法检查膈肌。养殖野猪中旋毛虫的总体流行率为0.53%[95%可信区间(CI): 0.51-0.55]。抚松市野猪平均寄生量为0.076±0.025只/ g (lpg),最高为0.21只/ g (lpg)。旋毛虫是唯一经多重聚合酶链反应鉴定的菌种。对旋毛虫5S rDNA基因间隔区进行扩增和测序。结果表明,所获得的序列(GenBank登录号:OQ725583)与螺旋螺旋体HLJ分离株(GenBank登录号:MH289505)同源性100%。由于养殖野猪的消费量预计将在未来增加,这些研究结果强调了在中国制定屠宰养殖野猪肉加工专门指南的重要性。
{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> in farmed wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>): an underrated risk in China.","authors":"Nian-Zhang Zhang, Meng Wang, Wei-Gang Chen, Wen-Yan Gai, Thanh Thi Ha Dao, Ting-Ting Li, Wen-Hui Li, Hai-Rui Zhang, Hong Yin, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Bao-Quan Fu","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001288","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural infection by <i>Trichinella</i> sp. has been reported in humans and more than 150 species of animals, especially carnivorous and omnivorous mammals. Although the presence of <i>Trichinella</i> sp. infection in wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) has been documented worldwide, limited information is known about <i>Trichinella</i> circulation in farmed wild boars in China. This study intends to investigate the prevalence of <i>Trichinella</i> sp. in farmed wild boars in China. Seven hundred and sixty-one (761) muscle samples from farmed wild boars were collected in Jilin Province of China from 2017 to 2020. The diaphragm muscles were examined by artificial digestion method. The overall prevalence of <i>Trichinella</i> in farmed wild boars was 0.53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.55]. The average parasite loading was 0.076 ± 0.025 larvae per gram (lpg), and the highest burden was 0.21 lpg in a wild boar from Fusong city. <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> was the only species identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The 5S rDNA inter-genic spacer region of <i>Trichinella</i> was amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the obtained sequence (GenBank accession number: OQ725583) shared 100% identity with the <i>T. spiralis</i> HLJ isolate (GenBank accession number: MH289505). Since the consumption of farmed wild boars is expected to increase in the future, these findings highlight the significance of developing exclusive guidelines for the processing of slaughtered farmed wild boar meat in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1351-1354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular characterization and analysis of the drug resistance-associated protein phosphoglycerate kinase of Eimeria tenella. 天牛埃默氏菌耐药性相关蛋白磷酸甘油酸激酶的分子特征和分析。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001355
Yu Yu, Wenhao Huang, Qiping Zhao, Shunhai Zhu, Hui Dong, Hongyu Han

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by Eimeria spp., and the emergence of drug resistance has seriously affected the control of the disease. Using RNA-seq, we previously found that phosphoglycerate kinase of Eimeria tenella (EtPGK) was differentially downregulated in diclazuril-resistant (DZR) and maduramicin-resistant (MRR) strains compared with drug-sensitive (DS) strain. In this study, we further analysed the characteristics and functions of EtPGK to find the possible mechanism of drug resistance of E. tenella. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot found that EtPGK was highly expressed in sporulated oocysts, followed by sporozoites and second-generation merozoites of E. tenella. Indirect immunofluorescence localization showed that EtPGK was located mainly in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the parasites. Invasion inhibition assays showed that anti-rEtPGK antibody significantly inhibited the invasion of parasites. Further studies using qRT-PCR and western blot found that the transcription and translation levels of EtPGK were downregulated in both resistant (DZR and MRR) strains compared with the DS strain, and the transcription level correlated negatively with the drug concentration. The enzyme activity assay revealed that EtPGK enzyme activity was decreased in the DZR strain compared with the DS strain. qRT-PCR revealed that the mRNA transcription level of EtPGK was significantly downregulated in the field DZR strain and salinomycin-resistant strain compared with the DS strain. These results suggested that EtPGK has other important roles that are separate and distinct from its function in glycolysis, and it might be involved in the development of drug resistance of E. tenella.

球虫病是由艾美耳属引起的一种寄生虫病,耐药性的出现严重影响了该病的控制。此前,我们利用RNA-seq技术发现,与药物敏感株(DS)相比,地克珠利耐药株(DZR)和马杜霉素耐药株(MRR)中的天牛埃默氏菌磷酸甘油酸激酶(EtPGK)存在不同程度的下调。本研究进一步分析了EtPGK的特征和功能,以寻找天牛肠杆菌耐药的可能机制。定量实时 PCR(qRT-PCR)和 Western 印迹发现,EtPGK 在天牛的孢子化卵囊、孢子虫和第二代裂殖子中高表达。间接免疫荧光定位显示,EtPGK 主要位于寄生虫的细胞质和表面。侵袭抑制实验表明,抗 rEtPGK 抗体能显著抑制寄生虫的侵袭。利用 qRT-PCR 和 Western 印迹进一步研究发现,与 DS 菌株相比,两种抗性菌株(DZR 和 MRR)中 EtPGK 的转录和翻译水平均出现下调,且转录水平与药物浓度呈负相关。酶活性测定显示,DZR菌株的EtPGK酶活性比DS菌株低。qRT-PCR显示,与DS菌株相比,田间DZR菌株和盐霉素耐药菌株的EtPGK mRNA转录水平显著下调。这些结果表明,EtPGK具有与其糖酵解功能不同的其他重要作用,可能参与了天牛耐药性的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of optimum scopes of environmental drivers for schistosome-transmitting Oncomelania hupensis using agent-based model in Dongting Lake Region, China. 利用基于代理的模型确定中国洞庭湖区环境驱动因素对血吸虫传播的最佳影响范围。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001306
Junhui Huang, Jiamin Wang, Yanfeng Gong, Ning Xu, Yu Zhou, Liyun Zhu, Liang Shi, Yue Chen, Qingwu Jiang, Yibiao Zhou

Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis), the sole intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, greatly influence the prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis japonica. The distribution area of O. hupensis has remained extensive for numerous years. This study aimed to establish a valid agent-based model of snail density and further explore the environmental conditions suitable for snail breeding. A marshland with O. hupensis was selected as a study site in Dongting Lake Region, and snail surveys were monthly conducted from 2007 to 2016. Combined with the data from historical literature, an agent-based model of snail density was constructed in NetLogo 6.2.0 and validated with the collected survey data. BehaviorSpace was used to identify the optimal ranges of soil temperature, pH, soil water content, and vegetation coverage for snail growth, development and reproduction. An agent-based model of snail density was constructed and showed a strong agreement with the monthly average snail density from the field surveys. As soil temperature increased, the snail density initially rose before declining, reaching its peak at around 21°C. There were similar variation patterns for other environmental factors. The findings from the model suggested that the optimum ranges of soil temperature, pH, soil water content and vegetation coverage were 19°C to 23 °C, 6.4 to 7.6, 42% to 75%, and 70% to 93%, respectively. A valid agent-based model of snail density was constructed, providing more objective information about the optimum ranges of environmental factors for snail growth, development and reproduction.

日本血吸虫的唯一中间宿主日本血吸虫(Oncomelania hupensis)对日本血吸虫病的流行和分布有很大影响。多年来,O. hupensis 的分布范围一直很广。本研究旨在建立一个有效的钉螺密度代理模型,并进一步探索适合钉螺繁殖的环境条件。研究选取了洞庭湖区的一片沼泽地作为研究地点,从2007年至2016年每月进行一次蜗牛调查。结合历史文献数据,在 NetLogo 6.2.0 中构建了基于代理的蜗牛密度模型,并用收集到的调查数据进行了验证。BehaviorSpace 用于确定蜗牛生长、发育和繁殖所需的土壤温度、pH 值、土壤含水量和植被覆盖率的最佳范围。构建的基于代理的蜗牛密度模型与实地调查的月平均蜗牛密度非常吻合。随着土壤温度的升高,蜗牛密度先上升后下降,在 21°C 左右达到峰值。其他环境因素也有类似的变化规律。该模型的研究结果表明,土壤温度、pH 值、土壤含水量和植被覆盖率的最佳范围分别为 19°C 至 23°C、6.4 至 7.6、42% 至 75% 和 70% 至 93%。构建了一个有效的基于代理的蜗牛密度模型,为蜗牛生长、发育和繁殖的最佳环境因素范围提供了更客观的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Migratory birds have a distinct haemosporidian community and are temporally decoupled from vector abundance at a stopover site. 候鸟有独特的血孢子虫群落,在时间上与中途停留地的病媒丰度脱钩。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001239
Spencer C Galen, Emily Ostrow, Suravi Ray, Marissa Henry, Janice Dispoto, Alison Fetterman, Lisa Kiziuk, Jason D Weckstein

Migratory animals likely play an important role in the geographic spread of parasites. In fact, a common assumption is that parasites are potentially transmitted by migratory animals at temporary stopover sites along migratory routes, yet very few studies have assessed whether transmission at stopover sites can or does occur. We investigated the potential for a group of vector-transmitted parasites, the avian haemosporidians, to be transmitted during migratory stopover periods at Rushton Woods Preserve in Pennsylvania, USA. Using an analysis of 1454 sampled avian hosts, we found that while a core group of abundant haemosporidians was shared between local breeding birds and passing migrants, the parasite community of migratory birds at Rushton was distinct from that of local breeding birds and showed similarity to a previously sampled boreal forest haemosporidian community. Haemosporidians that were unique to passing migratory birds were associated with sampling sites in North America with cooler summer temperatures than haemosporidians that are transmitted at Rushton, suggesting that the transmission of these parasites may be restricted to high-latitude regions outside of our temperate stopover site. We also found that the abundance of mosquitoes in our study region is offset from that of migratory bird abundance during avian migratory periods, with the peak period of bird migration occurring during periods of low mosquito activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that although abundant haemosporidians are possibly transmitted between local and passing migratory birds, a combination of biotic and abiotic factors may constrain haemosporidian transmission during avian stopover at our study site.

迁徙动物很可能在寄生虫的地理分布中扮演重要角色。事实上,一个普遍的假设是,寄生虫有可能通过迁徙动物在迁徙路线沿途的临时停留地传播,但很少有研究对停留地是否会或确实发生传播进行评估。我们在美国宾夕法尼亚州的拉什顿森林保护区调查了一组病媒传播的寄生虫--鸟类血孢子虫在迁徙停留期间传播的可能性。通过对 1454 个采样的鸟类宿主进行分析,我们发现,虽然当地繁殖鸟类和过路候鸟之间共享一组核心的大量血孢子虫,但拉什顿候鸟的寄生虫群落与当地繁殖鸟类的寄生虫群落不同,并且与之前采样的北方森林血孢子虫群落相似。与在拉什顿传播的血孢子虫相比,过路候鸟特有的血孢子虫与夏季气温较低的北美采样点有关,这表明这些寄生虫的传播可能仅限于温带中途停留点以外的高纬度地区。我们还发现,在候鸟迁徙期间,我们研究区域的蚊子数量与候鸟数量相抵消,候鸟迁徙的高峰期出现在蚊子活动较少的时期。总之,这些研究结果表明,虽然大量血孢子虫可能会在本地鸟类和过路候鸟之间传播,但在我们的研究地点,生物和非生物因素的结合可能会限制鸟类在停留期间的血孢子虫传播。
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引用次数: 0
Taxonomy and systematics of Emprostiotrema Cianferoni and Ceccolini, 2021 (Digenea: Emprostiotrematidae), parasites of rabbitfish (Siganidae) from the Indo-West Pacific marine region. 印度-西太平洋海洋区域兔鱼(Siganidae)寄生虫 Emprostiotrema Cianferoni and Ceccolini, 2021(Digenea: Emprostiotrematidae)的分类和系统学。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001252
Daniel C Huston, Scott C Cutmore, Thomas H Cribb, Pierre Sasal, Russell Q-Y Yong

Emprostiotrema contains just 3 species: E. fusum, E. kuntzi and E. sigani. As adults, all 3 species infect rabbitfishes (Siganidae: Siganus). New collections from 11 species of Siganus from northern Australia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Palau and Japan enabled an exploration of species composition within this genus. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate a deep distinction between 2 major clades; clade 1 comprises most of the sequences of specimens from Australia as well as all of those from Japan, Palau and New Caledonia and clade 2 comprises all sequences of specimens from French Polynesia, 2 sequences from Australia and the single sequence from Bali. In all analyses, both major clades have genetic structuring leading to distinct geographic lineages. Morphologically, specimens relating to clades 1 and 2 differ but overlap in body shape, oral sucker and egg size. Principle component analysis shows a general (but not complete) separation between specimens relating to the 2 clades. We interpret the 2 clades as representing 2 species: clade 1 is identified as E. fusum and is reported in this study from 10 species of siganids from Australia, Japan, Palau and New Caledonia; clade 2 is described as E. gotozakiorum n. sp., for all specimens from French Polynesia and rare specimens from Australia and Indonesia. We recognize E. sigani as a junior synonym of E. fusum. Although species of Emprostiotrema occur widely in the tropical Indo-Pacific, they have not been detected from Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), the southern Great Barrier Reef or Moreton Bay (southern Queensland).

Emprostiotrema 只包含 3 个物种:E.fusum、E.kuntzi 和 E.sigani。成虫时,这 3 个物种都会感染兔鱼(兔鱼科:Siganus)。从澳大利亚北部、印度尼西亚、新喀里多尼亚、法属波利尼西亚、帕劳和日本新采集到的 11 种 Siganus 使我们能够探索该属的物种组成。系统发生学分析表明,该属有两个主要支系:支系 1 包括来自澳大利亚的大部分标本序列以及来自日本、帕劳和新喀里多尼亚的所有标本序列;支系 2 包括来自法属波利尼西亚的所有标本序列、来自澳大利亚的 2 个序列以及来自巴厘岛的单个序列。在所有分析中,这两个主要支系都有遗传结构,形成不同的地理世系。从形态上看,第 1 支系和第 2 支系的标本各不相同,但在体形、口吸盘和卵的大小上有重叠。主成分分析表明,这两个支系的标本之间存在普遍(但不完全)的分离。我们将这两个支系解释为代表 2 个物种:支系 1 被认定为 E. fusum,在本研究中报告了来自澳大利亚、日本、帕劳和新喀里多尼亚的 10 个西干类物种;支系 2 被描述为 E. gotozakiorum n. sp.,代表来自法属波利尼西亚的所有标本以及来自澳大利亚和印度尼西亚的稀有标本。我们认为 E. sigani 是 E. fusum 的低等异名。虽然 Emprostiotrema 物种广泛分布于印度洋-太平洋热带地区,但在宁格鲁礁(西澳大利亚)、大堡礁南部或莫尔顿湾(昆士兰州南部)尚未发现它们的踪迹。
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引用次数: 0
The first mitogenome of the genus Amphalius (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) and its phylogenetic implications - CORRIGENDUM.
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001604
Ju Pu, Xiaoxia Lin, Wenge Dong
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引用次数: 0
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Parasitology
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