Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001318
Mercedes Gómez-Samblás, Beatriz Navarro-Dominguez, Sandra Sáez-Durán, Antonio Osuna, Rubén Bueno-Marí, María Teresa Galán-Puchades, Màrius V Fuentes
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, is a zoonotic parasite mainly of rats which act as definitive hosts. If humans become accidentally infected, the nematode is capable of migrating to the brain causing meningoencephalitis. Intermediate hosts are snails and slugs. Although originating from mainland China, A. cantonensis has now spread to various countries and continents. The precise timing of its departure from mainland China remains uncertain although it is often associated with significant historical events or migratory movements. The exit of A. cantonensis from mainland China is believed to have occurred in a singular event, followed by its divergence into 2 distinct clades: clade I, originating from mainland China, and clade II, representing global spread. Angiostrongylus cantonensis was first identified in continental Europe in 2021, specifically in Valencia, Spain. Illumina genome sequencing of 7 individuals isolated from rats captured in 2 different districts in the city of Valencia was carried out. The complete mitochondrial genome was assembled and compared with published A. cantonensis mitochondrial genomes through Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, both for complete mitochondrial genomes and for the cytochrome c oxidase I gene, given its widespread use for identification of the species. The findings revealed the presence of 2 different A. cantonensis haplotypes in the rats studied in Valencia, both belonging to clade II. In 2 rats both clades were present.
{"title":"Analysis of the mitochondrial genome to determine the origins and pathways of entry of <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i> in continental Europe (Valencia, Spain).","authors":"Mercedes Gómez-Samblás, Beatriz Navarro-Dominguez, Sandra Sáez-Durán, Antonio Osuna, Rubén Bueno-Marí, María Teresa Galán-Puchades, Màrius V Fuentes","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001318","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>, the rat lungworm, is a zoonotic parasite mainly of rats which act as definitive hosts. If humans become accidentally infected, the nematode is capable of migrating to the brain causing meningoencephalitis. Intermediate hosts are snails and slugs. Although originating from mainland China, <i>A. cantonensis</i> has now spread to various countries and continents. The precise timing of its departure from mainland China remains uncertain although it is often associated with significant historical events or migratory movements. The exit of <i>A. cantonensis</i> from mainland China is believed to have occurred in a singular event, followed by its divergence into 2 distinct clades: clade I, originating from mainland China, and clade II, representing global spread. <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i> was first identified in continental Europe in 2021, specifically in Valencia, Spain. Illumina genome sequencing of 7 individuals isolated from rats captured in 2 different districts in the city of Valencia was carried out. The complete mitochondrial genome was assembled and compared with published <i>A. cantonensis</i> mitochondrial genomes through Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, both for complete mitochondrial genomes and for the cytochrome c oxidase I gene, given its widespread use for identification of the species. The findings revealed the presence of 2 different <i>A. cantonensis</i> haplotypes in the rats studied in Valencia, both belonging to clade II. In 2 rats both clades were present.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1364-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1017/S003118202400146X
Tony L Goldberg, Addiel U Perez, Lewis J Campbell
Isopods infest fish worldwide, but their role as disease vectors remains poorly understood. Here, we describe infestation of Atlantic bonefish (Albula vulpes) in Belize with isopods in two of three locations studied, with infestation rates of 15 and 44%. Isopods fed aggressively, and infested fish showed missing scales and scars. Gross morphologic and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed the isopods to cluster within the family Aegidae and to be most closely related to members of the genus Rocinela, which are globally distributed micro-predators of fish. Metagenomic analysis of 10 isopods identified 11 viruses, including two novel reoviruses (Reovirales) in the families Sedoreoviridae and Spinareoviridae. The novel sedoreovirus clustered phylogenetically within an invertebrate-specific clade of viruses related to the genus Orbivirus, which contains arboviruses of global concern for mammal health. The novel spinareovirus clustered within the fish-infecting genus Aquareovirus, which contains viruses of global concern for fish health. Metagenomic analyses revealed no evidence of infection of bonefish with the novel aquareovirus, suggesting that viremia in bonefish is absent, low, or transient, or that isopods may have acquired the virus from other fish. During field collections, isopods aggressively bit humans, and blood meal analysis confirmed that isopods had fed on bonefish, other fish, and humans. Vector-borne transmission may be an underappreciated mechanism for aquareovirus transmission and for virus host switching between fish and other species, which has been inferred across viral families from studies of deep virus evolution.
{"title":"Isopods infesting Atlantic bonefish (<i>Albula vulpes</i>) host novel viruses, including reoviruses related to global pathogens, and opportunistically feed on humans.","authors":"Tony L Goldberg, Addiel U Perez, Lewis J Campbell","doi":"10.1017/S003118202400146X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S003118202400146X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isopods infest fish worldwide, but their role as disease vectors remains poorly understood. Here, we describe infestation of Atlantic bonefish (<i>Albula vulpes</i>) in Belize with isopods in two of three locations studied, with infestation rates of 15 and 44%. Isopods fed aggressively, and infested fish showed missing scales and scars. Gross morphologic and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed the isopods to cluster within the family Aegidae and to be most closely related to members of the genus <i>Rocinela</i>, which are globally distributed micro-predators of fish. Metagenomic analysis of 10 isopods identified 11 viruses, including two novel reoviruses (<i>Reovirales</i>) in the families <i>Sedoreoviridae</i> and <i>Spinareoviridae</i>. The novel sedoreovirus clustered phylogenetically within an invertebrate-specific clade of viruses related to the genus <i>Orbivirus</i>, which contains arboviruses of global concern for mammal health. The novel spinareovirus clustered within the fish-infecting genus <i>Aquareovirus</i>, which contains viruses of global concern for fish health. Metagenomic analyses revealed no evidence of infection of bonefish with the novel aquareovirus, suggesting that viremia in bonefish is absent, low, or transient, or that isopods may have acquired the virus from other fish. During field collections, isopods aggressively bit humans, and blood meal analysis confirmed that isopods had fed on bonefish, other fish, and humans. Vector-borne transmission may be an underappreciated mechanism for aquareovirus transmission and for virus host switching between fish and other species, which has been inferred across viral families from studies of deep virus evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1386-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001070
Gloria M Mulenga, Kalinga Chilongo, Chrisborn Mubamba, Bruce Gummow
Communities living in African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) endemic areas of Zambia use several control strategies to protect their livestock from the devastating effects of trypanosomiasis. Several studies have reported the effectiveness of trypanosomiasis control strategies based on retrospective data. In this study, we assessed incidence rates of AAT in cattle (n = 227) using a prospective cohort study comprising 4 treatment groups, i.e., Diminazene aceturate, Isometamidium chloride, Cyfluthrin pour-on and Cypermethrin treated targets. The study was conducted in Mambwe district in Eastern Zambia between February 2019 and March 2020. The endemic prevalence of AAT for each group was determined using ITS-PCR prior to application of treatments. High endemic trypanosome pre-treatment rates were found in all Groups (Diminazene aceturate (61%), Isometamidium chloride (48%), Cyfluthrin pour-on (87%) and Cypermethrin targets (72%)). The overall apparent prevalence for the Mambwe district was 67% (152/227) and true prevalence at 95%CI was 63–71%. Once treatments were implemented, 12 monthly follow-ups were conducted. The average monthly incidence rates without standardization recorded: Diminazene aceturate (67%) Isometamidium chloride (35%), Cyfluthrin pour-on (55%) and Cypermethrin targets (61%). Incidence rates were standardized considering the endemic level of disease for each Group and the average standardized monthly incidence rate in the Diminazene aceturate Group was 7%; the Isometamidium chloride Group −13%; the Cyfluthrin Group −26%; and the Cypermethrin target Group, −17%. All Groups showed a decrease in incidence of AAT over the period of the study with the Cyfluthrin group showing to be the most effective in reducing AAT incidence in cattle.
{"title":"An evaluation of African animal trypanosomiasis control strategies in remote communities of Eastern Zambia.","authors":"Gloria M Mulenga, Kalinga Chilongo, Chrisborn Mubamba, Bruce Gummow","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001070","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communities living in African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) endemic areas of Zambia use several control strategies to protect their livestock from the devastating effects of trypanosomiasis. Several studies have reported the effectiveness of trypanosomiasis control strategies based on retrospective data. In this study, we assessed incidence rates of AAT in cattle (<i>n</i> = 227) using a prospective cohort study comprising 4 treatment groups, i.e., Diminazene aceturate, Isometamidium chloride, Cyfluthrin pour-on and Cypermethrin treated targets. The study was conducted in Mambwe district in Eastern Zambia between February 2019 and March 2020. The endemic prevalence of AAT for each group was determined using ITS-PCR prior to application of treatments. High endemic trypanosome pre-treatment rates were found in all Groups (Diminazene aceturate (61%), Isometamidium chloride (48%), Cyfluthrin pour-on (87%) and Cypermethrin targets (72%)). The overall apparent prevalence for the Mambwe district was 67% (152/227) and true prevalence at 95%CI was 63–71%. Once treatments were implemented, 12 monthly follow-ups were conducted. The average monthly incidence rates without standardization recorded: Diminazene aceturate (67%) Isometamidium chloride (35%), Cyfluthrin pour-on (55%) and Cypermethrin targets (61%). Incidence rates were standardized considering the endemic level of disease for each Group and the average standardized monthly incidence rate in the Diminazene aceturate Group was 7%; the Isometamidium chloride Group −13%; the Cyfluthrin Group −26%; and the Cypermethrin target Group, −17%. All Groups showed a decrease in incidence of AAT over the period of the study with the Cyfluthrin group showing to be the most effective in reducing AAT incidence in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1269-1276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne parasitic disease, routinely diagnosed by direct light microscopy. The sensitivity of this method is dependent on the number of parasites present in the lesion. Immunoexpression of CD1a surface antigen by Leishmania amastigotes and its application as a diagnostic tool has been recently demonstrated in several species including Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum. Leishmania donovani is the only reported species in Sri Lanka primarily causing CL and its CD1a status remains unexplored. We studied CD1a expression by amastigotes of L. donovani in skin biopsies from 116 patients with suspected CL. The biopsy sections were stained with CD1a clones O10 and MTB1 separately. Slit skin smear (SSS) results were considered the gold standard for diagnosis of CL. 103 cases were confirmed through SSS where 73 of them showed positive parasite staining for CD1a clone MTB1 with 70.9% sensitivity. Positivity was seen mostly in parasites closer to the epidermis. CD1a clone O10 failed to detect any amastigotes. Test sensitivity improved to 74.1% when the analysis was applied only to patients with low/no discernible Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies in histology. Our findings show that CD1a clone MTB1 successfully stains amastigotes of L. donovani species and can be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool in detecting CL, especially when LD bodies are low in number. This method could be validated to detect other forms of leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani in Indian and sub-Saharan regions.
{"title":"Evaluation of CD1a immunostaining in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i> in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Hasna Riyal, Nilakshi Samaranayake, Priyani Amarathunga, Deepani Munidasa, Nadira Karunaweera","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024000799","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024000799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne parasitic disease, routinely diagnosed by direct light microscopy. The sensitivity of this method is dependent on the number of parasites present in the lesion. Immunoexpression of CD1a surface antigen by <i>Leishmania</i> amastigotes and its application as a diagnostic tool has been recently demonstrated in several species including <i>Leishmania major</i>, <i>Leishmania tropica</i> and <i>Leishmania infantum</i>. <i>Leishmania donovani</i> is the only reported species in Sri Lanka primarily causing CL and its CD1a status remains unexplored. We studied CD1a expression by amastigotes of <i>L. donovani</i> in skin biopsies from 116 patients with suspected CL. The biopsy sections were stained with CD1a clones O10 and MTB1 separately. Slit skin smear (SSS) results were considered the gold standard for diagnosis of CL. 103 cases were confirmed through SSS where 73 of them showed positive parasite staining for CD1a clone MTB1 with 70.9% sensitivity. Positivity was seen mostly in parasites closer to the epidermis. CD1a clone O10 failed to detect any amastigotes. Test sensitivity improved to 74.1% when the analysis was applied only to patients with low/no discernible Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies in histology. Our findings show that CD1a clone MTB1 successfully stains amastigotes of <i>L. donovani</i> species and can be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool in detecting CL, especially when LD bodies are low in number. This method could be validated to detect other forms of leishmaniasis caused by <i>L. donovani</i> in Indian and sub-Saharan regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1148-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the molecular intricacies of the transmembrane protein TSP11 gene in Echinococcus strains isolated from livestock and patients in Yunnan Province afflicted with Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) between 2016 and 2020. Gene typing analysis of the ND1 gene revealed the presence of the G1 type, G5 type and untyped strains, constituting 52.4, 38.1 and 9.5%, respectively. The analysis of 42 DNA sequences has revealed 24 novel single nucleotide polymorphic sites, delineating 11 haplotypes, all of which were of the mutant type. Importantly, there were no variations observed in mutation sites or haplotypes in any of the hosts. The total length of the TSP11 gene's 4 exons is 762 bp, encoding 254 amino acids. Our analysis posits the existence of 6 potential B-cell antigenic epitopes within TSP11, specifically at positions 49-KSN-51, 139-GKRG-142, 162-DNG-164, 169-NGS-171, 185-DS-186 and 231-PPRFTN-236. Notably, these epitopes exhibit consistent presence among various intermediate hosts and haplotypes. However, further validation is imperative to ascertain their viability as diagnostic antigens for E. granulosus in the Yunnan Province.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and B-cell epitope analysis of the TSP11 gene in <i>Echinococcus</i> infection strains from Yunnan Province.","authors":"Qian Xu, Zhengqing Wang, Jinrong Zi, Xuan Cai, Fangwei Wu, Benfu Li, Jia Peng, Jianxiong Li, Xinliu Yan, Ying Dong, Yaming Yang","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024000726","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024000726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the molecular intricacies of the transmembrane protein TSP11 gene in <i>Echinococcus</i> strains isolated from livestock and patients in Yunnan Province afflicted with <i>Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus)</i> between 2016 and 2020. Gene typing analysis of the ND1 gene revealed the presence of the G1 type, G5 type and untyped strains, constituting 52.4, 38.1 and 9.5%, respectively. The analysis of 42 DNA sequences has revealed 24 novel single nucleotide polymorphic sites, delineating 11 haplotypes, all of which were of the mutant type. Importantly, there were no variations observed in mutation sites or haplotypes in any of the hosts. The total length of the TSP11 gene's 4 exons is 762 bp, encoding 254 amino acids. Our analysis posits the existence of 6 potential B-cell antigenic epitopes within TSP11, specifically at positions 49-KSN-51, 139-GKRG-142, 162-DNG-164, 169-NGS-171, 185-DS-186 and 231-PPRFTN-236. Notably, these epitopes exhibit consistent presence among various intermediate hosts and haplotypes. However, further validation is imperative to ascertain their viability as diagnostic antigens for <i>E. granulosus</i> in the Yunnan Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1108-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024000635
Ju Pu, Xiaoxia Lin, Wenge Dong
Amphalius spirataenius belongs to Arthropoda, Insecta, Siphonaptera, Ceratophylloidea, Ceratophyllinae, Amphalius. Only 2 species from the subfamily Ceratophyllinae have been sequenced for mitogenomes to date. The genus Amphalius mitogenome research was still blank. The A. spirataenius mitogenome was determined, annotated and analysed for the first time in this study. The 14 825 bp long genome has the typical metazoan of 37 genes with insect ancestral genome arrangement pattern. There was no significant difference in codon usage of 13 protein-coding genes: UUA, UCU, GUU, ACU and GCU were the most frequently used codons. It was found that the reason for codon preference mainly contributed to natural selection base on PR2, ENC-plot and neutrality curve analysis. Evolutionary rate, conserved sites, variable sites and nucleotide diversity analysis indicated that nad6 of A. spirataenius had the fastest evolutionary rate, while cox1 had the slowest evolutionary rate. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on 13 protein-coding genes and 2 rRNA genes datasets using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood method. The phylogenetic tree supported that both Siphonaptera and Mecoptera were monophyletic, and were sister groups to each other. This study filled gap of the genus Amphalius mitogenome sequences and was of great significance for understanding evolution of the order Siphonaptera.
{"title":"The first mitogenome of the genus <i>Amphalius</i> (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) and its phylogenetic implications.","authors":"Ju Pu, Xiaoxia Lin, Wenge Dong","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024000635","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024000635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Amphalius spirataenius</i> belongs to Arthropoda, Insecta, Siphonaptera, Ceratophylloidea, Ceratophyllinae, <i>Amphalius</i>. Only 2 species from the subfamily Ceratophyllinae have been sequenced for mitogenomes to date. The genus <i>Amphalius</i> mitogenome research was still blank. The <i>A. spirataenius</i> mitogenome was determined, annotated and analysed for the first time in this study. The 14 825 bp long genome has the typical metazoan of 37 genes with insect ancestral genome arrangement pattern. There was no significant difference in codon usage of 13 protein-coding genes: UUA, UCU, GUU, ACU and GCU were the most frequently used codons. It was found that the reason for codon preference mainly contributed to natural selection base on PR2, ENC-plot and neutrality curve analysis. Evolutionary rate, conserved sites, variable sites and nucleotide diversity analysis indicated that <i>nad6</i> of <i>A. spirataenius</i> had the fastest evolutionary rate, while <i>cox1</i> had the slowest evolutionary rate. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on 13 protein-coding genes and 2 rRNA genes datasets using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood method. The phylogenetic tree supported that both Siphonaptera and Mecoptera were monophyletic, and were sister groups to each other. This study filled gap of the genus <i>Amphalius</i> mitogenome sequences and was of great significance for understanding evolution of the order Siphonaptera.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1085-1095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024001094
Fernando H Aballay, Marta I Saloña-Bordas, M Alejandra Perotti
We report a case of a suspected intestinal myiasis of a child from Southeast Argentina. Diptera larvae were sampled by a physician from the nappy worn by the child and submitted for examination and identification to the Laboratorio de Artrópodos (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata). Based on diagnosis of the anterior and posterior spiracles and mouthparts, the larvae were identified as the false stable fly Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817) (Diptera: Muscidae). A comparison of diagnostic characters between Argentinean and European third instars of this species is presented. Muscina stabulans is a prevalent species in the district of General Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires province, where the case occurred. Its abundance in the area coincidentally peaked at the time of the infestation. This is the 1st report of M. stabulans as a suspect of intestinal myiasis for the whole of the southern cone of South America (Chile and Argentina).
我们报告了一例阿根廷东南部儿童疑似肠道蠅蛆病的病例。医生从孩子穿的尿布上采集了双翅目幼虫样本,并提交给马德普拉塔国立大学(Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata)的Artrópodos实验室进行检查和鉴定。根据对前后螺线管和口器的诊断,幼虫被确定为假厩蝇 Muscina stabulans(Fallén,1817 年)(双翅目:鹟科)。本文对该物种阿根廷和欧洲第三龄幼虫的诊断特征进行了比较。Muscina stabulans 是该病例发生地布宜诺斯艾利斯省 General Pueyrredón 地区的常见物种。它在该地区的数量恰好在虫害发生时达到高峰。这是整个南美洲南锥体地区(智利和阿根廷)首次报告 M. stabulans 是肠道蠅蛆病的疑似病例。
{"title":"A first record of a suspected intestinal myiasis caused by <i>Muscina stabulans</i> (Fallén 1817) (Diptera: Muscidae) in Southern South America.","authors":"Fernando H Aballay, Marta I Saloña-Bordas, M Alejandra Perotti","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024001094","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024001094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of a suspected intestinal myiasis of a child from Southeast Argentina. Diptera larvae were sampled by a physician from the nappy worn by the child and submitted for examination and identification to the Laboratorio de Artrópodos (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata). Based on diagnosis of the anterior and posterior spiracles and mouthparts, the larvae were identified as the false stable fly <i>Muscina stabulans</i> (Fallén, 1817) (Diptera: Muscidae). A comparison of diagnostic characters between Argentinean and European third instars of this species is presented. <i>Muscina stabulans</i> is a prevalent species in the district of General Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires province, where the case occurred. Its abundance in the area coincidentally peaked at the time of the infestation. This is the 1st report of <i>M. stabulans</i> as a suspect of intestinal myiasis for the whole of the southern cone of South America (Chile and Argentina).</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1277-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024000878
Gediminas Valkiūnas, Tatjana A Iezhova, Mélanie Duc, Jenny C Dunn, Staffan Bensch
Haemoproteus bobricklefsi sp. nov. (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) was found in the dunnock Prunella modularis and represents the first blood parasite described in accentor birds of the Prunellidae. The description is based on the morphology of blood stages and includes information about a barcoding segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (lineage hDUNNO01) and the full mitochondrial genome, which can be used for identification and diagnosis of this infection. The new parasite can be readily distinguished from described species of haemoproteids parasitizing passeriform birds due to markedly variable position of nuclei in advanced and fully grown macrogametocytes. Illustrations of blood stages of the new species are given, and phylogenetic analyses based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences and the full mitochondrial genome identified the closely related lineages. DNA haplotype networks showed that transmission occurs in Europe and North America. This parasite was found in the dunnock in Europe and several species of the Passerellidae in North America. It is probably of Holarctic distribution, with the highest reported prevalence in the UK. The parasite distribution seems to be geographically patchy, with preference for areas of relatively cool climates. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that H. bobricklefsi sp. nov. belongs to the Parahaemoproteus subgenus and is probably transmitted by biting midges belonging to Culicoides (Ceratopogonidae). The available data on molecular occurrence indicate that this pathogen is prone to abortive development, so worth attention in regard of consequences for bird health.
Haemoproteus bobricklefsi sp.nov.(血孢子虫科,Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae)被发现于杜父鱼(Prunella modularis)中,是首次在杜父鱼科(Prunellidae)口音鸟类中描述的血液寄生虫。该描述以血液阶段的形态为基础,包括线粒体细胞色素 b 基因的条形码片段(hDUNNO01 系)和完整的线粒体基因组信息,可用于鉴定和诊断这种感染。由于这种新寄生虫在晚期和完全生长的大核细胞中细胞核的位置明显不同,因此可以很容易地将其与已描述过的寄生于雀形目鸟类的血蛋白寄生虫区分开来。文中给出了新物种血液阶段的图解,并根据部分线粒体细胞色素 b 基因序列和完整的线粒体基因组进行了系统发育分析,确定了密切相关的品系。DNA 单倍型网络显示,该寄生虫在欧洲和北美洲传播。这种寄生虫在欧洲的杜父鱼和北美洲的几种雀形目鱼类中都有发现。该寄生虫可能分布在北半球,英国的报告流行率最高。寄生虫的地理分布似乎不均衡,偏好气候相对凉爽的地区。系统发生学分析表明,H. bobricklefsi sp.现有的分子发生数据表明,这种病原体很容易流产,因此值得关注其对鸟类健康的影响。
{"title":"A new blood parasite of the accentor birds: description, molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationships and distribution.","authors":"Gediminas Valkiūnas, Tatjana A Iezhova, Mélanie Duc, Jenny C Dunn, Staffan Bensch","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024000878","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024000878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemoproteus bobricklefsi</i> sp. nov. (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) was found in the dunnock <i>Prunella modularis</i> and represents the first blood parasite described in accentor birds of the Prunellidae. The description is based on the morphology of blood stages and includes information about a barcoding segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome <i>b</i> gene (lineage hDUNNO01) and the full mitochondrial genome, which can be used for identification and diagnosis of this infection. The new parasite can be readily distinguished from described species of haemoproteids parasitizing passeriform birds due to markedly variable position of nuclei in advanced and fully grown macrogametocytes. Illustrations of blood stages of the new species are given, and phylogenetic analyses based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome <i>b</i> gene sequences and the full mitochondrial genome identified the closely related lineages. DNA haplotype networks showed that transmission occurs in Europe and North America. This parasite was found in the dunnock in Europe and several species of the Passerellidae in North America. It is probably of Holarctic distribution, with the highest reported prevalence in the UK. The parasite distribution seems to be geographically patchy, with preference for areas of relatively cool climates. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that <i>H. bobricklefsi</i> sp. nov. belongs to the <i>Parahaemoproteus</i> subgenus and is probably transmitted by biting midges belonging to <i>Culicoides</i> (Ceratopogonidae). The available data on molecular occurrence indicate that this pathogen is prone to abortive development, so worth attention in regard of consequences for bird health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1163-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024000970
Marcelo Tonatiuh González-García, Alejandra López-Jiménez, Mirza Patricia Ortega-Olivares, Ana Lucia Sereno-Uribe, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León, Martín García-Varela
Adults of the genus Posthodiplostomum, Dubois, 1936 are parasites of fish-eating birds, mainly of the family Ardeidae, and are globally distributed. The genus currently comprises 35 species, although recent molecular evidence has shown that the diversity of the genus is underestimated since several candidate species have been recognized. In the Neotropical region of Mexico, at least 6 Posthodiplostomum lineages have been detected with metacercaria stages recovered from unrelated fish hosts. Here, we obtained adult specimens of Posthodiplostomum from 6 fish-eating birds representing 2 families (Butorides virescens, Ardea herodias, Nycticorax nycticorax, Tigrisoma mexicanum – Ardeidae, and Rynchops niger and Leucophaeus atricilla – Lariidae) from 4 localities in southern Mexico. Specimens were sequenced for 2 nuclear (28S and ITS1–5.8S–ITS2) and 1 mitochondrial (cox1) molecular marker. Phylogenetic analyses allowed us to link metacercariae and adult specimens and recognized a lineage, which was described morphologically. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by its prosoma morphology and body size; this is the first described species in the Neotropical region of Mexico. Additionally, new host and locality records for P. macrocotyle and P. pricei are presented, expanding their geographical distribution range in the Americas.
{"title":"Unravelling the diversity of <i>Posthodiplostomum</i> Dubois, 1936 (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) in fish-eating birds from the Neotropical region of Mexico, with the description of a new species.","authors":"Marcelo Tonatiuh González-García, Alejandra López-Jiménez, Mirza Patricia Ortega-Olivares, Ana Lucia Sereno-Uribe, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León, Martín García-Varela","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024000970","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182024000970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adults of the genus <i>Posthodiplostomum</i>, Dubois, 1936 are parasites of fish-eating birds, mainly of the family Ardeidae, and are globally distributed. The genus currently comprises 35 species, although recent molecular evidence has shown that the diversity of the genus is underestimated since several candidate species have been recognized. In the Neotropical region of Mexico, at least 6 <i>Posthodiplostomum</i> lineages have been detected with metacercaria stages recovered from unrelated fish hosts. Here, we obtained adult specimens of <i>Posthodiplostomum</i> from 6 fish-eating birds representing 2 families (<i>Butorides virescens</i>, <i>Ardea herodias</i>, <i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>, <i>Tigrisoma mexicanum</i> – Ardeidae, and <i>Rynchops niger</i> and <i>Leucophaeus atricilla</i> – Lariidae) from 4 localities in southern Mexico. Specimens were sequenced for 2 nuclear (28S and ITS1–5.8S–ITS2) and 1 mitochondrial (<i>cox1</i>) molecular marker. Phylogenetic analyses allowed us to link metacercariae and adult specimens and recognized a lineage, which was described morphologically. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by its prosoma morphology and body size; this is the first described species in the Neotropical region of Mexico. Additionally, new host and locality records for <i>P. macrocotyle</i> and <i>P. pricei</i> are presented, expanding their geographical distribution range in the Americas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1225-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}