Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08288-w
Mounia Boutahar, Mourad Belaouni, Azeddine Ibrahimi, Rachid Eljaoudi, Tarik Aanniz, Mohammed Er-Rami, Pamela C Köster, Alejandro Dashti, David Carmena
Blastocystis is an intestinal protist frequently identified in humans and other animals, though its clinical significance remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in faecal samples from symptomatic (n = 55) and asymptomatic (n = 50) individuals seeking medical care in Meknes, Morocco. Detection of the protist was accomplished through coproparasitological examination and culture in Jones medium. Culture-positive samples were subjected to molecular analyses (PCR and Sanger sequencing) based on sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating patients. The overall Blastocystis infection rate was 51.4% (54/105), with no differences between symptomatic (52.7%, 29/55) and asymptomatic (50.0%, 25/50) individuals. Sequence analyses identified three Blastocystis subtypes, with ST3 being the most prevalent (42.0%), followed by ST1 (34.0%), and ST2 (12.0%). Regarding intra-subtype diversity, allele 4 was found within ST1; alleles 11/12 and alleles 34/36 (alone or in combination) were identified within ST2 and ST3 respectively. Allele 34 in ST3 (40.8%) and allele 4 in ST1 (34.7%) were the most common genetic variants circulating in the surveyed clinical population. A statistically significant association between ST2 and the presence of flatulence was observed. This is the first study assessing the epidemiology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in the Meknes region, Morocco.
{"title":"Unveiling Blastocystis epidemiology in Morocco: subtype diversity among clinical patients with and without gastrointestinal manifestations in the Meknes region.","authors":"Mounia Boutahar, Mourad Belaouni, Azeddine Ibrahimi, Rachid Eljaoudi, Tarik Aanniz, Mohammed Er-Rami, Pamela C Köster, Alejandro Dashti, David Carmena","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08288-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08288-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blastocystis is an intestinal protist frequently identified in humans and other animals, though its clinical significance remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in faecal samples from symptomatic (n = 55) and asymptomatic (n = 50) individuals seeking medical care in Meknes, Morocco. Detection of the protist was accomplished through coproparasitological examination and culture in Jones medium. Culture-positive samples were subjected to molecular analyses (PCR and Sanger sequencing) based on sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating patients. The overall Blastocystis infection rate was 51.4% (54/105), with no differences between symptomatic (52.7%, 29/55) and asymptomatic (50.0%, 25/50) individuals. Sequence analyses identified three Blastocystis subtypes, with ST3 being the most prevalent (42.0%), followed by ST1 (34.0%), and ST2 (12.0%). Regarding intra-subtype diversity, allele 4 was found within ST1; alleles 11/12 and alleles 34/36 (alone or in combination) were identified within ST2 and ST3 respectively. Allele 34 in ST3 (40.8%) and allele 4 in ST1 (34.7%) were the most common genetic variants circulating in the surveyed clinical population. A statistically significant association between ST2 and the presence of flatulence was observed. This is the first study assessing the epidemiology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in the Meknes region, Morocco.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08297-9
Rabecca Tembo, Walter Muleya, Mildred Zulu, Florence Mwaba, Ngula Monde, Andrew N Mukubesa, Joseph Ndebe, Ladslav Moonga, Andrew M Phiri
Urogenital schistosomiasis remains a pervasive health challenge in rural Zambian communities. This study explores the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium using mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nadh1). Urine samples from 421 children in Siavonga and Lusaka districts, Zambia, were collected between December 2020 and February 2022. Microscopy and DNA extraction facilitated the identification of S. haematobium, followed by amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of cox1 and nadh1 genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering with samples from mainland African countries, emphasizing shared haplotypes. Both mitochondrial genes exhibited substantial diversity, with 5 haplotypes from 37 cox1 sequences and 12 haplotypes from 23 nadh1 sequences. High haplotype diversity (0.621-0.808) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00181-0.03288) were observed. Siavonga and Lusaka districts shared the majority of S. haematobium haplotypes. Molecular variance and genetic differentiation analysis indicated variations within populations rather than between populations (cox1: -0.025, nadh1: 0.01646). These findings suggest a limited differentiation between S. haematobium populations in Siavonga and Lusaka, potentially indicating gene flow. Tajima's test revealed negative values, indicating a departure from neutrality, introduction of rare alleles, and recent population expansion. This study contributes essential insights into S. haematobium population genetics, crucial for effective urogenital schistosomiasis control in Zambia.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population genetics of Schistosoma haematobium isolated from children in Lusaka and Siavonga districts, Zambia.","authors":"Rabecca Tembo, Walter Muleya, Mildred Zulu, Florence Mwaba, Ngula Monde, Andrew N Mukubesa, Joseph Ndebe, Ladslav Moonga, Andrew M Phiri","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08297-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08297-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urogenital schistosomiasis remains a pervasive health challenge in rural Zambian communities. This study explores the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium using mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nadh1). Urine samples from 421 children in Siavonga and Lusaka districts, Zambia, were collected between December 2020 and February 2022. Microscopy and DNA extraction facilitated the identification of S. haematobium, followed by amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of cox1 and nadh1 genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering with samples from mainland African countries, emphasizing shared haplotypes. Both mitochondrial genes exhibited substantial diversity, with 5 haplotypes from 37 cox1 sequences and 12 haplotypes from 23 nadh1 sequences. High haplotype diversity (0.621-0.808) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00181-0.03288) were observed. Siavonga and Lusaka districts shared the majority of S. haematobium haplotypes. Molecular variance and genetic differentiation analysis indicated variations within populations rather than between populations (cox1: -0.025, nadh1: 0.01646). These findings suggest a limited differentiation between S. haematobium populations in Siavonga and Lusaka, potentially indicating gene flow. Tajima's test revealed negative values, indicating a departure from neutrality, introduction of rare alleles, and recent population expansion. This study contributes essential insights into S. haematobium population genetics, crucial for effective urogenital schistosomiasis control in Zambia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08293-z
Agustín Bellusci, Morgan Pendaries, Laura Fasola, Carlos Ignacio Roesler, María Ornela Beltrame
Parasites are ubiquitous in wildlife populations and have a profound impact on population dynamics. Interest in parasites of wildlife has increased significantly in recent years, particularly in those with relevant conservation status. Patagonia is one of the wildest and remote areas of the world. The Wolffsohn's viscacha lives in a small mountainous area of Patagonia. Until now, little is known about the biology and ecology of this species. The aim of this research was to study the gastrointestinal parasite diversity in this rodent from a coprological survey. A total of 125 fecal samples from 25 colonies were examined. Each sample was rehydrated, homogenized, and analyzed using three parasitological techniques: spontaneous sedimentation, Mini-FLOTAC, and centrifugation-flotation in sucrose-saturated solution, followed by examination under optical microscopy. The samples, eggs, and oocysts of parasites were described, measured, and photographed. All colonies were positive for at least one parasite species. A total of 10 parasitic species were identified: Viscachataenia sp., possibly V. quadrata, Monoecocestus sp., an unidentified anoplocephalid, Heteroxynema sp., possibly H. (Cavioxyura) viscaciae, Helminthoxys sp., possibly H. effilatus, an unidentified strongylid-type egg, Trichuris sp., two morphologies of unidentified coccidians and Eimeria sp. This is the first exhaustive study of gastrointestinal parasites in L. wolffsohni and a large number of eggs and oocysts of parasites were found. Our results highlight the use of noninvasive techniques for the study of parasites of wildlife hosts; as in the case of this rodent with a remote habitat, which makes sampling difficult. The results of our study provide baseline information on gastrointestinal parasite infections in this species.
寄生虫在野生动物种群中无处不在,对种群动态影响深远。近年来,人们对野生动物寄生虫的兴趣显著增加,尤其是对那些具有相关保护地位的寄生虫。巴塔哥尼亚是世界上最荒凉、最偏远的地区之一。沃尔夫松粘鼠生活在巴塔哥尼亚的一个小山区。到目前为止,人们对这一物种的生物学和生态学知之甚少。这项研究的目的是通过一项啮齿动物粪便调查,研究这种啮齿动物胃肠道寄生虫的多样性。研究人员共检查了来自 25 个啮齿动物群落的 125 份粪便样本。每个样本都经过重新水化、均质化,并使用三种寄生虫学技术进行分析:自发沉降、Mini-FLOTAC 和蔗糖饱和溶液中的离心-浮选,然后在光学显微镜下进行检查。对寄生虫样本、虫卵和卵囊进行描述、测量和拍照。所有菌落至少有一种寄生虫呈阳性。共鉴定出 10 种寄生虫:Viscachataenia sp.(可能是 V. quadrata)、Monoecocestus sp.(一种未确定的无尾虫)、Heteroxynema sp.(可能是 H. (Cavioxyura) viscaciae)、Helminthoxys sp.(可能是 H. effilatus)、一种未确定的强力虫卵、Trichuris sp、这是首次对沃尔夫索尼蛙的胃肠道寄生虫进行详尽研究,发现了大量寄生虫卵和卵囊。我们的研究结果突显了使用非侵入性技术研究野生动物宿主寄生虫的重要性;这种啮齿动物栖息地偏远,取样困难。我们的研究结果提供了该物种胃肠道寄生虫感染的基本信息。
{"title":"Gastrointestinal parasites of Wolffsohn's viscacha (Chinchillidae: Lagidium wolffsohni), an endemic rodent species from the wild Patagonia.","authors":"Agustín Bellusci, Morgan Pendaries, Laura Fasola, Carlos Ignacio Roesler, María Ornela Beltrame","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08293-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08293-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites are ubiquitous in wildlife populations and have a profound impact on population dynamics. Interest in parasites of wildlife has increased significantly in recent years, particularly in those with relevant conservation status. Patagonia is one of the wildest and remote areas of the world. The Wolffsohn's viscacha lives in a small mountainous area of Patagonia. Until now, little is known about the biology and ecology of this species. The aim of this research was to study the gastrointestinal parasite diversity in this rodent from a coprological survey. A total of 125 fecal samples from 25 colonies were examined. Each sample was rehydrated, homogenized, and analyzed using three parasitological techniques: spontaneous sedimentation, Mini-FLOTAC, and centrifugation-flotation in sucrose-saturated solution, followed by examination under optical microscopy. The samples, eggs, and oocysts of parasites were described, measured, and photographed. All colonies were positive for at least one parasite species. A total of 10 parasitic species were identified: Viscachataenia sp., possibly V. quadrata, Monoecocestus sp., an unidentified anoplocephalid, Heteroxynema sp., possibly H. (Cavioxyura) viscaciae, Helminthoxys sp., possibly H. effilatus, an unidentified strongylid-type egg, Trichuris sp., two morphologies of unidentified coccidians and Eimeria sp. This is the first exhaustive study of gastrointestinal parasites in L. wolffsohni and a large number of eggs and oocysts of parasites were found. Our results highlight the use of noninvasive techniques for the study of parasites of wildlife hosts; as in the case of this rodent with a remote habitat, which makes sampling difficult. The results of our study provide baseline information on gastrointestinal parasite infections in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08294-y
Eder Barbier, Marcos Rogério André, Enrico Bernard
Nycteribiidae encompasses a specialized group of wingless blood-sucking flies that parasitize bats worldwide. Such relationships are frequently species- or genus-specific, indicating unique eco-evolutionary processes. However, despite this significance, comprehensive studies on the relationships of these flies with their hosts, particularly in the New World, have been scarce. Here, we provide a detailed description of the parasitological patterns of nycteribiid flies infesting a population of Myotis lavali bats in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, considering the potential influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the establishment of nycteribiids on bat hosts. From July 2014 to June 2015, we captured 165 M. lavali bats and collected 390 Basilia travassosi flies. Notably, B. travassosi displayed a high prevalence and was the exclusive fly species parasitizing M. lavali in the surveyed area. Moreover, there was a significant predominance of female flies, indicating a female-biased pattern. The distribution pattern of the flies was aggregated; most hosts exhibited minimal or no parasitism, while a minority displayed heavy infestation. Sexually active male bats exhibited greater susceptibility to parasitism compared to their inactive counterparts, possibly due to behavioral changes during the peak reproductive period. We observed a greater prevalence and abundance of flies during the rainy season, coinciding with the peak reproductive phase of the host species. No obvious correlation was observed between the parasite load and bat body mass. Our findings shed light on the intricate dynamics of nycteribiid-bat interactions and emphasize the importance of considering various factors when exploring bat-parasite associations.
{"title":"A wingless fly on a winged mammal: host-parasite dynamics between Basilia travassosi (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) and Myotis lavali (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae).","authors":"Eder Barbier, Marcos Rogério André, Enrico Bernard","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08294-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08294-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nycteribiidae encompasses a specialized group of wingless blood-sucking flies that parasitize bats worldwide. Such relationships are frequently species- or genus-specific, indicating unique eco-evolutionary processes. However, despite this significance, comprehensive studies on the relationships of these flies with their hosts, particularly in the New World, have been scarce. Here, we provide a detailed description of the parasitological patterns of nycteribiid flies infesting a population of Myotis lavali bats in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, considering the potential influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the establishment of nycteribiids on bat hosts. From July 2014 to June 2015, we captured 165 M. lavali bats and collected 390 Basilia travassosi flies. Notably, B. travassosi displayed a high prevalence and was the exclusive fly species parasitizing M. lavali in the surveyed area. Moreover, there was a significant predominance of female flies, indicating a female-biased pattern. The distribution pattern of the flies was aggregated; most hosts exhibited minimal or no parasitism, while a minority displayed heavy infestation. Sexually active male bats exhibited greater susceptibility to parasitism compared to their inactive counterparts, possibly due to behavioral changes during the peak reproductive period. We observed a greater prevalence and abundance of flies during the rainy season, coinciding with the peak reproductive phase of the host species. No obvious correlation was observed between the parasite load and bat body mass. Our findings shed light on the intricate dynamics of nycteribiid-bat interactions and emphasize the importance of considering various factors when exploring bat-parasite associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction of dams and hydroelectric plants affects biodiversity in aquatic environments and can facilitate the invasion of species. Few studies assess the long-term response of parasite fauna under these events. The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the endoparasite composition of the invasive catfish Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) in the floodplain of the upper Paraná River over a 27-year study period. A total of 79 fish were collected in period 1 (1993) and 31 in period 2 (2019/2020) at the same sampling points, and the endoparasites were located in the gastrointestinal system using a stereomicroscope. It was found that the development of the fish and the composition of their endoparasitic fauna changed over time. In the second period, the fish presented smaller values for mass (g) and standard length (cm) when compared to period 1. It was found that three species of endoparasites were found per period, but although the richness was the same, the composition differed, and only one digenean (Microrchis oligovitellum Lunaschi, 1987 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae)) was shared. The Porto Primavera Dam was built upstream of the site between the sampling periods (1999) and caused a number of environmental changes, possibly being the main factor responsible for changes in components of the parasite community. Anthropic modification to an environment can cause loss of diversity and loss of ecological interactions. Through our results, we emphasize the importance of including parasite fauna in studies that assess environmental impacts.
{"title":"Temporal change in the parasite community of an invasive fish Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) in a neotropical floodplain.","authors":"Gabriela Michelan, Lidiany Doreto Cavalcanti, Atsler Luana Lehun, Wagner Toshio Hasuike, Ricardo Massato Takemoto","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08285-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08285-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The construction of dams and hydroelectric plants affects biodiversity in aquatic environments and can facilitate the invasion of species. Few studies assess the long-term response of parasite fauna under these events. The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the endoparasite composition of the invasive catfish Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) in the floodplain of the upper Paraná River over a 27-year study period. A total of 79 fish were collected in period 1 (1993) and 31 in period 2 (2019/2020) at the same sampling points, and the endoparasites were located in the gastrointestinal system using a stereomicroscope. It was found that the development of the fish and the composition of their endoparasitic fauna changed over time. In the second period, the fish presented smaller values for mass (g) and standard length (cm) when compared to period 1. It was found that three species of endoparasites were found per period, but although the richness was the same, the composition differed, and only one digenean (Microrchis oligovitellum Lunaschi, 1987 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae)) was shared. The Porto Primavera Dam was built upstream of the site between the sampling periods (1999) and caused a number of environmental changes, possibly being the main factor responsible for changes in components of the parasite community. Anthropic modification to an environment can cause loss of diversity and loss of ecological interactions. Through our results, we emphasize the importance of including parasite fauna in studies that assess environmental impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08286-y
Katarína Loziaková Peňazziová, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler, Tomáš Csank, Branislav Peťko, Anna Ondrejková, Miloš Halán, Petra Schusterová, Soňa Pivka, Ľuboš Korytár
This study describes the first detection of Ixodes ventalloi in Slovakia. Two engorged females of I. ventalloi were collected from Dunnocks (Prunella modularis) captured in eastern Slovakia. The identification of females was based on morphological and molecular 16S rRNA gene features. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a classification of the females into distinct genogroups. Moreover, comparative morphological analysis highlighted variations between the two females, particularly in the curvature of the auriculae, the shape of coxa I, and the internal spur. These findings suggest the potential for varied phenotypes of I. ventalloi correlated with their genogroups. Nonetheless, I. ventalloi population establishment within Slovakia necessitates further investigation through flagging or drag sampling.
本研究描述了在斯洛伐克首次发现的 Ixodes ventalloi。研究人员从斯洛伐克东部捕获的敦诺克(Prunella modularis)中采集到两只充血的 I. ventalloi 雌虫。根据形态学和分子 16S rRNA 基因特征对雌虫进行了鉴定。系统进化分析表明,雌虫被划分为不同的基因组。此外,比较形态学分析突出显示了两只雌蛙之间的差异,特别是在耳廓的弯曲度、尾萼 I 的形状和内距方面。这些发现表明,文鸟的表型可能与其基因组相关。尽管如此,斯洛伐克境内的 I. ventalloi 种群建立仍需要通过标记或拖曳取样进行进一步调查。
{"title":"First detection and a new avian host of the tick Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936, in Slovakia.","authors":"Katarína Loziaková Peňazziová, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler, Tomáš Csank, Branislav Peťko, Anna Ondrejková, Miloš Halán, Petra Schusterová, Soňa Pivka, Ľuboš Korytár","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08286-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08286-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the first detection of Ixodes ventalloi in Slovakia. Two engorged females of I. ventalloi were collected from Dunnocks (Prunella modularis) captured in eastern Slovakia. The identification of females was based on morphological and molecular 16S rRNA gene features. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a classification of the females into distinct genogroups. Moreover, comparative morphological analysis highlighted variations between the two females, particularly in the curvature of the auriculae, the shape of coxa I, and the internal spur. These findings suggest the potential for varied phenotypes of I. ventalloi correlated with their genogroups. Nonetheless, I. ventalloi population establishment within Slovakia necessitates further investigation through flagging or drag sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08277-z
Kiliana Bekelaar, Luis Carvalho, Tania Waghorn, Peter Green, Charlotte Bouchet, Dave Leathwick
Exsheathment is crucial in the transition from free-living to parasitic phase for most strongyle nematode species. A greater understanding of this process could help in developing new parasitic control methods. This study aimed to identify commonalities in response to exsheathment triggers (heat acclimation, CO2 and pH) in a wide range of species (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Chabertia ovina, and members of the subfamily Ostertagiinae) from sheep, cattle and farmed deer. The initial expectation of similarity in pH requirements amongst species residing within the same organ was not supported, with unexpected pH preferences for exsheathment of Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Cooperia oncophora. We also found differences between species in their response to temperature acclimation, with higher exsheathment in response to heat shock observed for H. contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, T. axei, T. vitrinus and Oesophagostomum sikae. Furthermore, some species showed poor exsheathment under all experimental conditions, such as Cooperia curticei and the large intestinal nematodes C. ovina and Oesophagostomum venulosum. Interestingly, there were some significant differences in response depending on the host from which the parasites were derived. The host species significantly impacted on the exsheathment response for H. contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, T. vitrinus and T. colubriformis. Overall, the data showed variability between nematode species in their response to these in vitro exsheathment triggers, highlighting the complexity of finding a common set of conditions for all species in order to develop a control method based on triggering the exsheathment process prematurely.
{"title":"Inconsistency of in vitro exsheathment triggers for gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep, cattle and deer.","authors":"Kiliana Bekelaar, Luis Carvalho, Tania Waghorn, Peter Green, Charlotte Bouchet, Dave Leathwick","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08277-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08277-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exsheathment is crucial in the transition from free-living to parasitic phase for most strongyle nematode species. A greater understanding of this process could help in developing new parasitic control methods. This study aimed to identify commonalities in response to exsheathment triggers (heat acclimation, CO<sub>2</sub> and pH) in a wide range of species (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Chabertia ovina, and members of the subfamily Ostertagiinae) from sheep, cattle and farmed deer. The initial expectation of similarity in pH requirements amongst species residing within the same organ was not supported, with unexpected pH preferences for exsheathment of Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Cooperia oncophora. We also found differences between species in their response to temperature acclimation, with higher exsheathment in response to heat shock observed for H. contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, T. axei, T. vitrinus and Oesophagostomum sikae. Furthermore, some species showed poor exsheathment under all experimental conditions, such as Cooperia curticei and the large intestinal nematodes C. ovina and Oesophagostomum venulosum. Interestingly, there were some significant differences in response depending on the host from which the parasites were derived. The host species significantly impacted on the exsheathment response for H. contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, T. vitrinus and T. colubriformis. Overall, the data showed variability between nematode species in their response to these in vitro exsheathment triggers, highlighting the complexity of finding a common set of conditions for all species in order to develop a control method based on triggering the exsheathment process prematurely.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perkinsus, a parasitic pathogen of marine bivalves, is widely distributed among various mollusks in numerous countries. However, the prevalence and diversity of Perkinsus species in the two economically important mussels, Mytilus coruscus and M. galloprovincialis, in China remain unknown. The presence of the Perkinsus species was identified in the two mussels sampled along the coast of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, using both the alternative Ray's fluid thioglycolate medium (ARFTM) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ARFTM test indicated the presence of Perkinsus-like hypnospores in the two mussels. The diameter of the hypnospores in M. coruscus was significantly smaller than that in M. galloprovincialis. The prevalence of Perkinsus in M. galloprovincialis and M. coruscus ranged from 0 to 37.5% and 0 to 25%, respectively. The mean intensity of Perkinsus in M. galloprovincialis and M. coruscus ranged from 0 to 5.14 and 0 to 4.92, respectively. The PCR assay showed that the prevalence of Perkinsus spp. in M. galloprovincialis and M. coruscus was 0 to 25.0% and 0 to 12.5%, respectively. The homology analysis of the newly obtained internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of Perkinsus revealed the highest identity of 100% with P. beihaiensis. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Perkinsus isolates from the two mussels were clustered with P. beihaiensis. The results of the molecular biology indicated that only P. beihaiensis was detected in the two mussels. The highest prevalence of P. beihaiensis was observed in Liaoning province (Dalian, 20.83%), followed by Shandong province, Zhejiang province and Fujian province. Consequently, it is recommended that surveillance should be conducted in Dalian, where the prevalence and mean intensity of P. beihaiensis in M. galloprovincialis are the highest.
{"title":"Survey on Perkinsus species in two economic mussels (Mytilus coruscus and M. galloprovincialis) along the coast of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea.","authors":"Jiaxin Gao, Xiaoao Yang, Jiaying Zhai, Pengzhi Qi, Zhongjie Ren, Denghui Zhu, Peipei Fu","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08287-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08287-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perkinsus, a parasitic pathogen of marine bivalves, is widely distributed among various mollusks in numerous countries. However, the prevalence and diversity of Perkinsus species in the two economically important mussels, Mytilus coruscus and M. galloprovincialis, in China remain unknown. The presence of the Perkinsus species was identified in the two mussels sampled along the coast of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, using both the alternative Ray's fluid thioglycolate medium (ARFTM) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ARFTM test indicated the presence of Perkinsus-like hypnospores in the two mussels. The diameter of the hypnospores in M. coruscus was significantly smaller than that in M. galloprovincialis. The prevalence of Perkinsus in M. galloprovincialis and M. coruscus ranged from 0 to 37.5% and 0 to 25%, respectively. The mean intensity of Perkinsus in M. galloprovincialis and M. coruscus ranged from 0 to 5.14 and 0 to 4.92, respectively. The PCR assay showed that the prevalence of Perkinsus spp. in M. galloprovincialis and M. coruscus was 0 to 25.0% and 0 to 12.5%, respectively. The homology analysis of the newly obtained internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of Perkinsus revealed the highest identity of 100% with P. beihaiensis. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Perkinsus isolates from the two mussels were clustered with P. beihaiensis. The results of the molecular biology indicated that only P. beihaiensis was detected in the two mussels. The highest prevalence of P. beihaiensis was observed in Liaoning province (Dalian, 20.83%), followed by Shandong province, Zhejiang province and Fujian province. Consequently, it is recommended that surveillance should be conducted in Dalian, where the prevalence and mean intensity of P. beihaiensis in M. galloprovincialis are the highest.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptosporidium infection is a common occurrence in rodents worldwide. In this study, 435 wild brown rats were captured from an animal feedlot in Xinjiang, China, with a fecal sample obtained directly from the rectal contents of each rat. The DNA extracted from these fecal samples was analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in brown rats was found to be 5.5% (24 out of 435). Interestingly, the infection rates varied among different animal enclosures, with rates of 0% in the chicken coop (0/51), cowshed (0/3), and varying rates in other areas including the sheepfold (6.1%, 6/98), the pigsty (7.6%, 10/132), the dovecote (7.0%, 5/71), and outdoor environments (3.8%, 3/80). The study identified three species and one genotype of Cryptosporidium, namely C. occultus (n = 10), C. parvum (n = 4), C. ditrichi (n = 1), and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 9). Additionally, two of the C. parvum isolates were successfully subtyped as IIdA19G1 (n = 2) at the gp60 gene. These results offer valuable insights into the prevalence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in brown rats within the region.
{"title":"Molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. in brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) from an animal feedlot in Xinjiang, China.","authors":"Min Li, Ping Li, Yongqiang He, Chenhao Zhao, Fuchang Yu, Hui Dong, Zhenjie Zhang, Meng Qi","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08289-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08289-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidium infection is a common occurrence in rodents worldwide. In this study, 435 wild brown rats were captured from an animal feedlot in Xinjiang, China, with a fecal sample obtained directly from the rectal contents of each rat. The DNA extracted from these fecal samples was analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in brown rats was found to be 5.5% (24 out of 435). Interestingly, the infection rates varied among different animal enclosures, with rates of 0% in the chicken coop (0/51), cowshed (0/3), and varying rates in other areas including the sheepfold (6.1%, 6/98), the pigsty (7.6%, 10/132), the dovecote (7.0%, 5/71), and outdoor environments (3.8%, 3/80). The study identified three species and one genotype of Cryptosporidium, namely C. occultus (n = 10), C. parvum (n = 4), C. ditrichi (n = 1), and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 9). Additionally, two of the C. parvum isolates were successfully subtyped as IIdA19G1 (n = 2) at the gp60 gene. These results offer valuable insights into the prevalence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in brown rats within the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08282-2
José de la Fuente, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Marcelo B Labruna, Matias P J Szabó
Ticks are ectoparasite vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health worldwide. Rational integration of different control interventions including plant-derived repellents and acaricides, management of natural predators, and vaccines is required for innovative approaches to reduce the risks associated with ticks and tick-borne diseases. How tick populations are naturally controlled is always a question. Tick interactions with other arthropods including predators evolved from ancient times. In this study, Cretaceous (ca. 100 Mya) Burmese amber inclusions were identified as probably related to Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) tick larvae and spider silk. As illustrated in this study, ancient interactions between ticks and spiders may support arthropod predatory behavior as a natural control intervention. Rational integrative management of different tick control interventions including natural predators under a One Health perspective will contribute to effectively and sustainably reducing the risks associated with ticks and tick-borne diseases.
{"title":"Interaction between spiders and ticks-ancient arthropod predatory behavior?","authors":"José de la Fuente, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Marcelo B Labruna, Matias P J Szabó","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08282-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08282-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks are ectoparasite vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health worldwide. Rational integration of different control interventions including plant-derived repellents and acaricides, management of natural predators, and vaccines is required for innovative approaches to reduce the risks associated with ticks and tick-borne diseases. How tick populations are naturally controlled is always a question. Tick interactions with other arthropods including predators evolved from ancient times. In this study, Cretaceous (ca. 100 Mya) Burmese amber inclusions were identified as probably related to Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) tick larvae and spider silk. As illustrated in this study, ancient interactions between ticks and spiders may support arthropod predatory behavior as a natural control intervention. Rational integrative management of different tick control interventions including natural predators under a One Health perspective will contribute to effectively and sustainably reducing the risks associated with ticks and tick-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}