Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common cause of human microsporidiosis and can infect a variety of animal hosts worldwide. In Thailand, previous studies have shown that this parasite is common in domestic animals. However, information on the prevalence and genotypes of this parasite in other synanthropic wildlife, including bats, remains limited. Several pathogens have been previously detected in bats, suggesting that bats may serve as a reservoir for this parasite. In this study, a total of 105 bat guano samples were collected from six different sites throughout Thailand. Of these, 16 from Chonburi (eastern), Ratchaburi (western), and Chiang Rai (northern) provinces tested positive for E. bieneusi, representing an overall prevalence of 15.2%. Based on ITS1 sequence analysis, 12 genotypes were identified, including two known genotypes (D and type IV) frequently detected in humans and ten novel potentially zoonotic genotypes (TBAT01-TBAT10), all belonging to zoonotic group 1. Lyle's flying fox (Pteropus lylei), commonly found in Southeast Asia, was identified as the host in one sample that was also positive for E. bieneusi. Network analysis of E. bieneusi sequences detected in this study and those previously reported in Thailand also revealed intraspecific divergence and recent population expansion, possibly due to adaptive evolution associated with host range expansion. Our data revealed, for the first time, multiple E. bieneusi genotypes of zoonotic significance circulating in Thai bats and demonstrated that bat guano fertilizer may be a vehicle for disease transmission.
肠孢子虫病(Enterocytozoon bieneusi)是人类微孢子虫病的常见病因,也可感染世界各地的各种动物宿主。在泰国,先前的研究表明这种寄生虫在家畜中很常见。然而,有关这种寄生虫在包括蝙蝠在内的其他同类野生动物中的流行情况和基因型的信息仍然有限。以前曾在蝙蝠体内检测到过几种病原体,这表明蝙蝠可能是这种寄生虫的储库。在这项研究中,我们从泰国的六个不同地点共收集了 105 份蝙蝠粪便样本。其中,来自春武里府(东部)、叻丕府(西部)和清莱府(北部)的 16 份样本对 E. bieneusi 检测呈阳性,总体流行率为 15.2%。根据 ITS1 序列分析,确定了 12 种基因型,包括两种经常在人类中检测到的已知基因型(D 型和 IV 型)和 10 种新型潜在人畜共患病基因型(TBAT01-TBAT10),它们都属于人畜共患病第 1 组。对本研究中检测到的 E. bieneusi 序列和之前在泰国报道的序列进行的网络分析还发现了种内分化和近期的种群扩张,这可能是由于宿主范围扩大引起的适应性进化。我们的数据首次揭示了在泰国蝙蝠中流行的多种具有人畜共患病意义的 E. bieneusi 基因型,并证明蝙蝠粪便肥料可能是疾病传播的媒介。
{"title":"Identification of common human infectious and potentially zoonotic novel genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cavernicolous bats in Thailand.","authors":"Chatuthanai Savigamin, Pathamet Khositharattanakool, Puckavadee Somwang, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Padet Siriyasatien, Kanok Preativatanyou","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08253-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08253-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common cause of human microsporidiosis and can infect a variety of animal hosts worldwide. In Thailand, previous studies have shown that this parasite is common in domestic animals. However, information on the prevalence and genotypes of this parasite in other synanthropic wildlife, including bats, remains limited. Several pathogens have been previously detected in bats, suggesting that bats may serve as a reservoir for this parasite. In this study, a total of 105 bat guano samples were collected from six different sites throughout Thailand. Of these, 16 from Chonburi (eastern), Ratchaburi (western), and Chiang Rai (northern) provinces tested positive for E. bieneusi, representing an overall prevalence of 15.2%. Based on ITS1 sequence analysis, 12 genotypes were identified, including two known genotypes (D and type IV) frequently detected in humans and ten novel potentially zoonotic genotypes (TBAT01-TBAT10), all belonging to zoonotic group 1. Lyle's flying fox (Pteropus lylei), commonly found in Southeast Asia, was identified as the host in one sample that was also positive for E. bieneusi. Network analysis of E. bieneusi sequences detected in this study and those previously reported in Thailand also revealed intraspecific divergence and recent population expansion, possibly due to adaptive evolution associated with host range expansion. Our data revealed, for the first time, multiple E. bieneusi genotypes of zoonotic significance circulating in Thai bats and demonstrated that bat guano fertilizer may be a vehicle for disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08256-4
Santiago Nava, Maria V Rossner, Jose R Toffaletti, Miguel Da Luz, M Belen Rossner, Marcelo Signorini, Nicolás Morel
This work evaluated if strategic control based on no more than three or four annual treatments is useful to control Rhipicephalus microplus infestations on cattle when it is applied to intensive rotational grazing and silvopastoral systems with high stocking rates in subtropical areas. In the intensive rotational grazing system, three annual treatments with chemical acaricides were applied on cattle in two different schemes: between spring and early summer and from late winter and late spring. Strategic control based on three treatments with chemical acaricides from late winter to late spring plus an additional fourth treatment in summer was tested in the silvopastoral system. In the intensive rotational grazing systems, the control schemes allow to reach a significant reduction in the tick load on cattle considering a time interval from spring to autumn. However, the efficacy levels were not high enough in some specific moments, namely, the tick counts of summer and autumn (there were not significant differences between treated and control groups). The scheme evaluated in the silvopastoral grazing system yielded better results than those tested for the intensive rotational system, because significant differences in tick load between treated and control groups were observed in all post-treatment counts and when the analysis was performed for the whole study period. However, values of efficacy in the count-by-count comparison were disparate, ranging from 64.1 to 99.7. Although the efficacy values obtained in the silvopastoral system were better than those of the rotational grazing systems, the total tick load on treated cattle in autumn was not low enough (mean abundance values 25.14 and 38.14). Ticks were more evenly distributed among hosts in late summer and autumn than in spring or early summer, where few hosts carry most of the ticks. Some management strategies as intensive rotational systems or silvopastoral structures can lead to a more efficient forage use, but they imply greater tick challenge than in extensive grazing systems. In these situations, the schemes of strategic control bases on three or four annual treatments should be complemented with additional tactical treatments in late summer or autumn.
{"title":"Strategic control of the cattle tick Rhipicephlaus microplus applied to rotational and silvopastoral grazing systems in subtropical areas.","authors":"Santiago Nava, Maria V Rossner, Jose R Toffaletti, Miguel Da Luz, M Belen Rossner, Marcelo Signorini, Nicolás Morel","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08256-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08256-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work evaluated if strategic control based on no more than three or four annual treatments is useful to control Rhipicephalus microplus infestations on cattle when it is applied to intensive rotational grazing and silvopastoral systems with high stocking rates in subtropical areas. In the intensive rotational grazing system, three annual treatments with chemical acaricides were applied on cattle in two different schemes: between spring and early summer and from late winter and late spring. Strategic control based on three treatments with chemical acaricides from late winter to late spring plus an additional fourth treatment in summer was tested in the silvopastoral system. In the intensive rotational grazing systems, the control schemes allow to reach a significant reduction in the tick load on cattle considering a time interval from spring to autumn. However, the efficacy levels were not high enough in some specific moments, namely, the tick counts of summer and autumn (there were not significant differences between treated and control groups). The scheme evaluated in the silvopastoral grazing system yielded better results than those tested for the intensive rotational system, because significant differences in tick load between treated and control groups were observed in all post-treatment counts and when the analysis was performed for the whole study period. However, values of efficacy in the count-by-count comparison were disparate, ranging from 64.1 to 99.7. Although the efficacy values obtained in the silvopastoral system were better than those of the rotational grazing systems, the total tick load on treated cattle in autumn was not low enough (mean abundance values 25.14 and 38.14). Ticks were more evenly distributed among hosts in late summer and autumn than in spring or early summer, where few hosts carry most of the ticks. Some management strategies as intensive rotational systems or silvopastoral structures can lead to a more efficient forage use, but they imply greater tick challenge than in extensive grazing systems. In these situations, the schemes of strategic control bases on three or four annual treatments should be complemented with additional tactical treatments in late summer or autumn.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoa commonly found in domestic and wild animals. Limited information is available on Cryptosporidium in deer worldwide. In this study, 201 fecal samples were collected from Alpine musk deer on three farms in Gansu Province, China. Detection and subtyping of Cryptosporidium were performed by PCR and sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA and gp60 genes. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in Alpine musk deer was 3.9% (8/201), with infection rates of 1.0% (1/100), 2.8% (1/36), and 9.2% (6/65) in three different farms. All positive samples for Cryptosporidium were from adult deer. Two Cryptosporidium species were identified, including C. parvum (n = 2) and C. xiaoi (n = 6). The C. parvum isolates were subtyped as IIdA15G1, while the C. xiaoi isolates were subtyped as XXIIIa (n = 2) and XXIIIg (n = 4). The IIdA15G1 subtype of C. parvum was found for the first time in deer. These results provide important insights into the identity and human infectious potential of Cryptosporidium in farmed Alpine musk deer.
{"title":"Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium in Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Gansu Province, Northwest China.","authors":"Ping Li, Bowen Zhang, Yafei Zhao, Rong Chen, Fuchang Yu, Meng Qi, Zhenjie Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08252-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08252-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoa commonly found in domestic and wild animals. Limited information is available on Cryptosporidium in deer worldwide. In this study, 201 fecal samples were collected from Alpine musk deer on three farms in Gansu Province, China. Detection and subtyping of Cryptosporidium were performed by PCR and sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA and gp60 genes. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in Alpine musk deer was 3.9% (8/201), with infection rates of 1.0% (1/100), 2.8% (1/36), and 9.2% (6/65) in three different farms. All positive samples for Cryptosporidium were from adult deer. Two Cryptosporidium species were identified, including C. parvum (n = 2) and C. xiaoi (n = 6). The C. parvum isolates were subtyped as IIdA15G1, while the C. xiaoi isolates were subtyped as XXIIIa (n = 2) and XXIIIg (n = 4). The IIdA15G1 subtype of C. parvum was found for the first time in deer. These results provide important insights into the identity and human infectious potential of Cryptosporidium in farmed Alpine musk deer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08250-w
Aisha Jamo Suleiman, Daphne E Mavrides, Sadiya Maxamhud, Eleni Gentekaki, Anastasios D Tsaousis
Cryptosporidium is an important water-borne and food-borne parasite with a high burden of disease. This organism has been shown to contaminate various leafy vegetables; however, studies assessing the presence of Cryptosporidium spp in pre-washed and ready-to-eat vegetables are limited. Routine surveillance in the UK revealed a nationwide exceedance of human cases of Cryptosporidium. Therefore, this study aims to assess the presence of this parasite in pre-washed vegetables from supermarkets in the UK. A total of 36 samples were purchased from four different supermarkets. A nested PCR targeting the SSU rRNA was carried out on 24 samples, 58% were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium. Sanger sequencing confirmed that, of these sequences, 4/24 (17%) produced significant similarities to Cryptosporidium parvum. This study provides evidence for the presence of C. parvum in pre-washed and ready-to-eat vegetables. Future work to identify the point of contamination is required.
{"title":"Presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in pre-washed vegetables from different supermarkets in South East England: A pilot study.","authors":"Aisha Jamo Suleiman, Daphne E Mavrides, Sadiya Maxamhud, Eleni Gentekaki, Anastasios D Tsaousis","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08250-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08250-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidium is an important water-borne and food-borne parasite with a high burden of disease. This organism has been shown to contaminate various leafy vegetables; however, studies assessing the presence of Cryptosporidium spp in pre-washed and ready-to-eat vegetables are limited. Routine surveillance in the UK revealed a nationwide exceedance of human cases of Cryptosporidium. Therefore, this study aims to assess the presence of this parasite in pre-washed vegetables from supermarkets in the UK. A total of 36 samples were purchased from four different supermarkets. A nested PCR targeting the SSU rRNA was carried out on 24 samples, 58% were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium. Sanger sequencing confirmed that, of these sequences, 4/24 (17%) produced significant similarities to Cryptosporidium parvum. This study provides evidence for the presence of C. parvum in pre-washed and ready-to-eat vegetables. Future work to identify the point of contamination is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11142934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08241-x
Ethan D Renner, Ian C Duggan
A number of studies have been conducted on monogenean seasonality, though primarily in continental regions with wide annual temperatures ranges. We investigated seasonal changes in the prevalence and intensity of Salsuginus seculus infesting sexually dimorphic western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in New Zealand. This represents the first examination of seasonality for this species globally, and the first seasonal assessment of any monogenean population in New Zealand, a temperate country with a mild oceanic climate. Prevalence and intensity of S. seculus with respect to fish size and sex was also examined. Prevalence of S. seculus changed temporally, peaking in summer, and was strongly positively correlated with algal concentrations. This relationship may be associated with increasing food levels, leading to an increase in fish courting and mating, resulting in high numbers and close physical associations of G. affinis individuals, facilitating transmission of the monogeneans. Thus, biotic factors may be important in determining temporal changes in S. seculus prevalence in New Zealand. Female G. affinis had a significantly higher prevalence and mean intensity of S. seculus than males. Longer fish had a higher mean intensity and prevalence of S. seculus. Female G. affinis likely host disproportionately more monogeneans as they are larger than males. Alternatively, females may have a compromised immune response during reproductive periods. Overall, seasonal change was observed in S. seculus prevalence and intensity under New Zealand's mild climatic conditions, and the larger female G. affinis in this dimorphic species supported a greater prevalence and intensity of infestation than males.
虽然主要是在年温差较大的大陆地区,但已经开展了许多关于单基因动物季节性的研究。我们调查了新西兰性二型西方蚊子鱼(Gambusia affinis)中Salsuginus seculus侵扰的流行率和强度的季节性变化。这是首次在全球范围内对该物种的季节性进行研究,也是首次对新西兰这个海洋性气候温和的温带国家的单基因种群进行季节性评估。此外,还研究了鮨科鱼的流行率和强度与鱼体大小和性别的关系。鮨科鱼类的流行率随时间变化,在夏季达到高峰,并与藻类浓度密切正相关。这种关系可能与食物量的增加有关,食物量的增加导致鱼类求偶和交配的增加,从而导致 G. affinis 个体的数量增加和身体的紧密结合,促进了单基因虫的传播。因此,生物因素可能是决定新西兰鮨科鱼类流行率时间变化的重要因素。雌性 G. affinis 的 S. seculus 感染率和平均强度明显高于雄性。体长较长的鱼的鮨科鱼刺平均强度和流行率都较高。由于雌鱼比雄鱼大,因此雌鱼可能寄生更多的单基因虫。另外,雌鱼在繁殖期间的免疫反应可能会受到影响。总体而言,在新西兰温和的气候条件下,鮨科鱼类的感染率和感染强度随季节发生变化,在这一二型物种中,体型较大的雌性鲈鱼比雄性鲈鱼感染率和感染强度更高。
{"title":"Season, size, and sex: factors influencing monogenean prevalence and intensity on Gambusia affinis in New Zealand.","authors":"Ethan D Renner, Ian C Duggan","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08241-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08241-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of studies have been conducted on monogenean seasonality, though primarily in continental regions with wide annual temperatures ranges. We investigated seasonal changes in the prevalence and intensity of Salsuginus seculus infesting sexually dimorphic western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in New Zealand. This represents the first examination of seasonality for this species globally, and the first seasonal assessment of any monogenean population in New Zealand, a temperate country with a mild oceanic climate. Prevalence and intensity of S. seculus with respect to fish size and sex was also examined. Prevalence of S. seculus changed temporally, peaking in summer, and was strongly positively correlated with algal concentrations. This relationship may be associated with increasing food levels, leading to an increase in fish courting and mating, resulting in high numbers and close physical associations of G. affinis individuals, facilitating transmission of the monogeneans. Thus, biotic factors may be important in determining temporal changes in S. seculus prevalence in New Zealand. Female G. affinis had a significantly higher prevalence and mean intensity of S. seculus than males. Longer fish had a higher mean intensity and prevalence of S. seculus. Female G. affinis likely host disproportionately more monogeneans as they are larger than males. Alternatively, females may have a compromised immune response during reproductive periods. Overall, seasonal change was observed in S. seculus prevalence and intensity under New Zealand's mild climatic conditions, and the larger female G. affinis in this dimorphic species supported a greater prevalence and intensity of infestation than males.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11143034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08244-8
Egor A Repkin, Elizaveta R Gafarova, Marina A Varfolomeeva, Dmitrii S Kurjachii, Dmitrii E Polev, Alexei L Shavarda, Georgiy P Maslakov, Roman I Mullakhmetov, Ekaterina V Zubova, Timur B Bariev, Andrei I Granovitch, Arina L Maltseva
The intricate relationships between parasites and hosts encompass a wide range of levels, from molecular interactions to population dynamics. Parasites influence not only the physiological processes in the host organism, but also the entire ecosystem, affecting mortality of individuals, the number of offspring through parasitic castration, and matter and energy cycles. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern host-parasite relationships and their impact on host physiology and environment remains challenging. In this study, we analyzed how infection with Microphallus trematodes affects the metabolome of two Littorina snail species inhabiting different intertidal zone shore levels. We applied non-targeted GC-MS-based metabolomics to analyze biochemical shifts induced by trematode infection in a host organism. We have identified changes in energy, amino acid, sugar, and lipid metabolism. In particular, we observed intensified amino acid catabolism and nitrogenous catabolites (glutamine, urea) production. These changes primarily correlated with infection and interspecies differences of the hosts rather than shore level. The changes detected in the host metabolism indicate that other aspects of life may have been affected, both within the host organism and at a supra-organismal level. Therefore, we explored changes in microbiota composition, deviations in the host molluscs behavior, and acetylcholinesterase activity (ACE, an enzyme involved in neuromuscular transmission) in relation to infection. Infected snails displayed changes in their microbiome composition. Decreased ACE activity in snails was associated with reduced mobility, but whether it is associated with trematode infection remains unclear. The authors suggest a connection between the identified biochemical changes and the deformation of the shell of molluscs, changes in their behavior, and the associated microbiome. The role of parasitic systems formed by microphallid trematodes and Littorina snails in the nitrogen cycle at the ecosystem level is also assumed.
{"title":"Littorina snails and Microphallus trematodes: Diverse consequences of the trematode-induced metabolic shifts.","authors":"Egor A Repkin, Elizaveta R Gafarova, Marina A Varfolomeeva, Dmitrii S Kurjachii, Dmitrii E Polev, Alexei L Shavarda, Georgiy P Maslakov, Roman I Mullakhmetov, Ekaterina V Zubova, Timur B Bariev, Andrei I Granovitch, Arina L Maltseva","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08244-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08244-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate relationships between parasites and hosts encompass a wide range of levels, from molecular interactions to population dynamics. Parasites influence not only the physiological processes in the host organism, but also the entire ecosystem, affecting mortality of individuals, the number of offspring through parasitic castration, and matter and energy cycles. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern host-parasite relationships and their impact on host physiology and environment remains challenging. In this study, we analyzed how infection with Microphallus trematodes affects the metabolome of two Littorina snail species inhabiting different intertidal zone shore levels. We applied non-targeted GC-MS-based metabolomics to analyze biochemical shifts induced by trematode infection in a host organism. We have identified changes in energy, amino acid, sugar, and lipid metabolism. In particular, we observed intensified amino acid catabolism and nitrogenous catabolites (glutamine, urea) production. These changes primarily correlated with infection and interspecies differences of the hosts rather than shore level. The changes detected in the host metabolism indicate that other aspects of life may have been affected, both within the host organism and at a supra-organismal level. Therefore, we explored changes in microbiota composition, deviations in the host molluscs behavior, and acetylcholinesterase activity (ACE, an enzyme involved in neuromuscular transmission) in relation to infection. Infected snails displayed changes in their microbiome composition. Decreased ACE activity in snails was associated with reduced mobility, but whether it is associated with trematode infection remains unclear. The authors suggest a connection between the identified biochemical changes and the deformation of the shell of molluscs, changes in their behavior, and the associated microbiome. The role of parasitic systems formed by microphallid trematodes and Littorina snails in the nitrogen cycle at the ecosystem level is also assumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08238-6
Yanmin Zhang, Wenrui Guo, Haifeng Wen, Yaqin Shi, Wa Gao, Xindi Chen, Tengyu Wang, Wenlong Wang, Weijie Wu
In this study, 858 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were predicted as sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin. These lncRNAs underwent bioinformatic analysis. In total, 205 lncRNAs significantly differed using log2 (difference multiplicity) > 1 or log2 (difference multiplicity) < - 1 and FDR < 0.05 as the threshold for significant difference analysis. We selected five lncRNAs based on significant differences in expression, cis-regulation, and their association with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. These expressions of lncRNAs, namely MSTRG.12610.1, MSTRG.8169.1, MSTRG.6355.1, MSTRG.980.1, and MSTRG.9045.1, were significantly downregulated. These findings were consistent with the results of transcriptomic sequencing. We further investigated the relative expression of target gene mRNAs and the regulation of mRNA and miRNA, starting with lncRNA cis-regulation of mRNA, and constructed a lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA network regulation. After a series of statistical analyses, we finally screened out UGT8, Unc-116, Fer-related kinase-1, GGPP synthase 1, and sart3, which may be involved in developing drug resistance under the regulation of their corresponding lncRNAs. The findings of this study provide a novel direction for future studies on drug resistance targets.
{"title":"Analysis of lncRNA-related studies of ivermectin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus.","authors":"Yanmin Zhang, Wenrui Guo, Haifeng Wen, Yaqin Shi, Wa Gao, Xindi Chen, Tengyu Wang, Wenlong Wang, Weijie Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08238-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08238-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, 858 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were predicted as sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin. These lncRNAs underwent bioinformatic analysis. In total, 205 lncRNAs significantly differed using log2 (difference multiplicity) > 1 or log2 (difference multiplicity) < - 1 and FDR < 0.05 as the threshold for significant difference analysis. We selected five lncRNAs based on significant differences in expression, cis-regulation, and their association with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. These expressions of lncRNAs, namely MSTRG.12610.1, MSTRG.8169.1, MSTRG.6355.1, MSTRG.980.1, and MSTRG.9045.1, were significantly downregulated. These findings were consistent with the results of transcriptomic sequencing. We further investigated the relative expression of target gene mRNAs and the regulation of mRNA and miRNA, starting with lncRNA cis-regulation of mRNA, and constructed a lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA network regulation. After a series of statistical analyses, we finally screened out UGT8, Unc-116, Fer-related kinase-1, GGPP synthase 1, and sart3, which may be involved in developing drug resistance under the regulation of their corresponding lncRNAs. The findings of this study provide a novel direction for future studies on drug resistance targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08247-5
Janaina Marques do Nascimento, Samuel Vieira Brito, Adonias Aphoena Martins Teixeira, Renata Guimarães Frederico, Arlan Araujo Rodrigues, José Gracione do Nascimento Sousa Filho, Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha
The species Haemonchus contortus occurs in many regions worldwide, mainly parasitising small ruminants and economically impacting animal production. Climate change is considered a driving force for the risk of diseases caused by helminths and can also affect relationships between parasites and their hosts, with the potential to cause losses in both animal production and biodiversity in general. The aim of this study was to model the potential distribution of H. contortus in South America. We used MaxEnt to perform the analyses and describe the contribution of important bioclimatic variables involved in the species distribution. Our results show that H. contortus colonised most of the areas with habitats that suit the species' environmental requirements and that this parasite presents habitat suitability in a future scenario. Understanding the effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of parasite species is essential for monitoring these pathogens, in addition to predicting the areas that tend to present future parasite outbreaks and identify opportunities to mitigate the impacts of the emergence of diseases caused by these organisms.
{"title":"Potential distribution modelling for Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in South America.","authors":"Janaina Marques do Nascimento, Samuel Vieira Brito, Adonias Aphoena Martins Teixeira, Renata Guimarães Frederico, Arlan Araujo Rodrigues, José Gracione do Nascimento Sousa Filho, Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08247-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08247-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The species Haemonchus contortus occurs in many regions worldwide, mainly parasitising small ruminants and economically impacting animal production. Climate change is considered a driving force for the risk of diseases caused by helminths and can also affect relationships between parasites and their hosts, with the potential to cause losses in both animal production and biodiversity in general. The aim of this study was to model the potential distribution of H. contortus in South America. We used MaxEnt to perform the analyses and describe the contribution of important bioclimatic variables involved in the species distribution. Our results show that H. contortus colonised most of the areas with habitats that suit the species' environmental requirements and that this parasite presents habitat suitability in a future scenario. Understanding the effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of parasite species is essential for monitoring these pathogens, in addition to predicting the areas that tend to present future parasite outbreaks and identify opportunities to mitigate the impacts of the emergence of diseases caused by these organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08245-7
Ali Abdelfattah, Nawal S Hijjawi, Khaldun Jacoub
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease referring to the infection with blood parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. It impacts millions of people worldwide, primarily in low-to-middle-income countries. Patients infected with schistosomiasis often exhibit a distinct hematological profile, including anemia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. Platelets, essential components of the hemostatic system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Schistosomes secrete serine proteases and express ectoenzymes, such as calpain protease, alkaline phosphatase (SmAP), phosphodiesterase (SmNPP5), ATP diphosphohydrolase (SmATPDase1), serine protease Sk1, SmSP2, and Sm22.6, which can interfere with platelet normal functioning. This report provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on platelet abnormalities observed in patients with schistosomiasis, highlighting their importance in the disease progression and complications. It delves into the interactions between platelets and schistosomes, including the impact of platelet dysfunction on hemostasis and immune responses, immune-mediated platelet destruction, and the potential mechanisms by which schistosome tegumental ectoenzymes affect platelets. Furthermore, the report clarifies the relationship between platelet abnormalities and clinical manifestations such as thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders, and the emergence of portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding. Understanding the complex interplay between platelets and schistosomes is crucial for improving patient management and outcomes in schistosomiasis, particularly for those with platelet alterations. This knowledge contributes to improved diagnostic methods, innovative treatment strategies, and global efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis.
{"title":"An overview of qualitative and quantitative platelet abnormalities in schistosomiasis.","authors":"Ali Abdelfattah, Nawal S Hijjawi, Khaldun Jacoub","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08245-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08245-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease referring to the infection with blood parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. It impacts millions of people worldwide, primarily in low-to-middle-income countries. Patients infected with schistosomiasis often exhibit a distinct hematological profile, including anemia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. Platelets, essential components of the hemostatic system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Schistosomes secrete serine proteases and express ectoenzymes, such as calpain protease, alkaline phosphatase (SmAP), phosphodiesterase (SmNPP5), ATP diphosphohydrolase (SmATPDase1), serine protease Sk1, SmSP2, and Sm22.6, which can interfere with platelet normal functioning. This report provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on platelet abnormalities observed in patients with schistosomiasis, highlighting their importance in the disease progression and complications. It delves into the interactions between platelets and schistosomes, including the impact of platelet dysfunction on hemostasis and immune responses, immune-mediated platelet destruction, and the potential mechanisms by which schistosome tegumental ectoenzymes affect platelets. Furthermore, the report clarifies the relationship between platelet abnormalities and clinical manifestations such as thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders, and the emergence of portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding. Understanding the complex interplay between platelets and schistosomes is crucial for improving patient management and outcomes in schistosomiasis, particularly for those with platelet alterations. This knowledge contributes to improved diagnostic methods, innovative treatment strategies, and global efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08237-7
Sedthapong Laojun, Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are among the most medically significant insects, with several species acting as vectors for human pathogens. Although there are frequent reports of mosquito-borne diseases in the border island areas of Thailand, comprehensive data on the diversity and DNA barcoding of these mosquito species remain limited. This study investigated mosquito diversity in two main archipelagos in Thailand-the Trat archipelago (comprising Chang Island and Kood Island) and the Ranong archipelago (comprising Chang Island and Phayam Island)-and generated DNA barcode data from the mosquitoes found there. The survey across these islands discovered a total of 41 species, highlighting the presence of several species known to be vectors for human diseases. Thirty-seven mosquito species from the island areas were documented to provide reference DNA barcode sequences for mosquitoes in Thailand's island regions. Two species, Aedes fumidus and Finlaya flavipennis, have been added as new COI sequence records in the database. DNA barcoding was highly effective in classifying almost all species by identifying barcoding gaps, except for Anopheles baimaii and Anopheles dirus, which could not be distinguished. Additionally, the study noted that geographical variations might influence certain mosquito species, such as Anopheles barbirostris A3 and Mansonia dives, causing them to be split into two distinct subgroups. The findings of this study are crucial, as they aid in classifying mosquito species using molecular techniques and expand our knowledge of disease vectors in these biodiverse regions.
蚊子(双翅目:Culicidae)是医学上最重要的昆虫之一,其中几个物种是人类病原体的传播媒介。虽然泰国边境岛屿地区经常有蚊子传播疾病的报道,但有关这些蚊子物种多样性和 DNA 条形码的全面数据仍然有限。这项研究调查了泰国两个主要群岛--乍达群岛(包括昌岛和古德岛)和拉农群岛(包括昌岛和帕扬岛)--的蚊子多样性,并从那里发现的蚊子中生成了 DNA 条形码数据。在这些岛屿上进行的调查共发现了 41 个物种,其中有几个物种是已知的人类疾病传播媒介。对岛屿地区的 37 种蚊子进行了记录,为泰国岛屿地区的蚊子提供了 DNA 条形码参考序列。数据库中新增了两个物种,即伊蚊(Aedes fumidus)和黄蚊(Finlaya flavipennis)的 COI 序列记录。通过识别条形码缺口,DNA 条形码在对几乎所有物种进行分类方面都非常有效,但无法区分的白纹伊蚊(Anopheles baimaii)和按蚊(Anopheles dirus)除外。此外,该研究还注意到,地理差异可能会影响某些蚊子物种,如按蚊 A3 和 Mansonia dives,导致它们被分成两个不同的亚群。这项研究的发现至关重要,因为它们有助于利用分子技术对蚊子物种进行分类,并扩大了我们对这些生物多样性地区疾病媒介的了解。
{"title":"Island mosquitoes of Thailand: an update on species diversity and DNA barcoding.","authors":"Sedthapong Laojun, Tanawat Chaiphongpachara","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08237-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08237-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are among the most medically significant insects, with several species acting as vectors for human pathogens. Although there are frequent reports of mosquito-borne diseases in the border island areas of Thailand, comprehensive data on the diversity and DNA barcoding of these mosquito species remain limited. This study investigated mosquito diversity in two main archipelagos in Thailand-the Trat archipelago (comprising Chang Island and Kood Island) and the Ranong archipelago (comprising Chang Island and Phayam Island)-and generated DNA barcode data from the mosquitoes found there. The survey across these islands discovered a total of 41 species, highlighting the presence of several species known to be vectors for human diseases. Thirty-seven mosquito species from the island areas were documented to provide reference DNA barcode sequences for mosquitoes in Thailand's island regions. Two species, Aedes fumidus and Finlaya flavipennis, have been added as new COI sequence records in the database. DNA barcoding was highly effective in classifying almost all species by identifying barcoding gaps, except for Anopheles baimaii and Anopheles dirus, which could not be distinguished. Additionally, the study noted that geographical variations might influence certain mosquito species, such as Anopheles barbirostris A3 and Mansonia dives, causing them to be split into two distinct subgroups. The findings of this study are crucial, as they aid in classifying mosquito species using molecular techniques and expand our knowledge of disease vectors in these biodiverse regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}