Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08359-y
Owen Bellingham, Tommy L F Leung
This study investigated the role of host traits, habitat, and sampling season on the prevalence and intensity of parasites in three species of platycephalid fishes. Three host species sampled were dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus, n = 3), blue-spotted flathead (Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus, n = 38), and tiger flathead (Platycephalus richardsoni, n = 59). A total of 14 metazoan parasite species were collected over 15 months, between July 2020 and September 2021. The parasites found included a chondracanthid copepod, adult hemiuroidean trematodes, cestode plerocercoids, larval and adult acanthocephalans, larval and adult nematodes, and an unknown species of helminth. General linear models were used to assess the relationship between host traits and sampling season with parasite infection intensity. The infection intensity of an unidentified plerocercoid species in P. caeruleopunctatus was found to be significantly associated with both sampling season and the interaction of host mass with sex. In P. richardsoni the infection intensity of the acanthocephalan, Corynosoma sp. was found to correlate with sampling season. The highest richness of parasite taxa was recorded from P. richardsoni, which may be due to the wide depth range of P. richardsoni, coupled with its generalist diet.
{"title":"How host ecology influences the parasite communities of three Australian flathead fishes, Platycephalus spp. (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae).","authors":"Owen Bellingham, Tommy L F Leung","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08359-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08359-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the role of host traits, habitat, and sampling season on the prevalence and intensity of parasites in three species of platycephalid fishes. Three host species sampled were dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus, n = 3), blue-spotted flathead (Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus, n = 38), and tiger flathead (Platycephalus richardsoni, n = 59). A total of 14 metazoan parasite species were collected over 15 months, between July 2020 and September 2021. The parasites found included a chondracanthid copepod, adult hemiuroidean trematodes, cestode plerocercoids, larval and adult acanthocephalans, larval and adult nematodes, and an unknown species of helminth. General linear models were used to assess the relationship between host traits and sampling season with parasite infection intensity. The infection intensity of an unidentified plerocercoid species in P. caeruleopunctatus was found to be significantly associated with both sampling season and the interaction of host mass with sex. In P. richardsoni the infection intensity of the acanthocephalan, Corynosoma sp. was found to correlate with sampling season. The highest richness of parasite taxa was recorded from P. richardsoni, which may be due to the wide depth range of P. richardsoni, coupled with its generalist diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 10","pages":"339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08340-9
Érica Gomes da Silva, Monique Celião de Oliveira, Hiasmim Chaves Brandão, Rozzanna Esther Cavalcanti Reis de Figueirêdo Chaves, Sara Rikeley Paulino Monteiro, Ricardo Koroiva, Thaís Barreto Guedes, Alexandre Vasconcellos, Waltécio de Oliveira Almeida
Pentastomida are lung parasites of a variety of hosts, mainly reptiles. Raillietiella is the genus with the largest number of species, whose taxonomic identification is still largely based on morphological data alone. In this classification, differences divide the genus into morphotypic groups. The Raillietiella parasites of insectivorous lizards, for example, are divided into "Group I" with species with hooks with sharp tips and "Group II" with posterior hooks with blunt tips. In the present work, we used molecular analysis to infer the morphological variation in hooks and size of specimens of Raillietiella mottae, parasites of several species of insectivorous lizards. Our results demonstrate that morphological differences comprise a phenotypic plasticity of a single species, whose variation is associated with host species, with females being larger and with hooks with blunt tips in nocturnal geckos and smaller ones with sharp tips in diurnal insectivorous lizards of different species, sizes, and habitats.
{"title":"Redescription of Raillietiella mottae (Raillietiellidae: Pentastomida) a generalist parasite of insectivorous lizards: phenotypic plasticity revealed by molecular data.","authors":"Érica Gomes da Silva, Monique Celião de Oliveira, Hiasmim Chaves Brandão, Rozzanna Esther Cavalcanti Reis de Figueirêdo Chaves, Sara Rikeley Paulino Monteiro, Ricardo Koroiva, Thaís Barreto Guedes, Alexandre Vasconcellos, Waltécio de Oliveira Almeida","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08340-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08340-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pentastomida are lung parasites of a variety of hosts, mainly reptiles. Raillietiella is the genus with the largest number of species, whose taxonomic identification is still largely based on morphological data alone. In this classification, differences divide the genus into morphotypic groups. The Raillietiella parasites of insectivorous lizards, for example, are divided into \"Group I\" with species with hooks with sharp tips and \"Group II\" with posterior hooks with blunt tips. In the present work, we used molecular analysis to infer the morphological variation in hooks and size of specimens of Raillietiella mottae, parasites of several species of insectivorous lizards. Our results demonstrate that morphological differences comprise a phenotypic plasticity of a single species, whose variation is associated with host species, with females being larger and with hooks with blunt tips in nocturnal geckos and smaller ones with sharp tips in diurnal insectivorous lizards of different species, sizes, and habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 10","pages":"337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of larval trematode infections in bithyniid snails across five provinces in southern Thailand. A total of 1,413 Bithynia siamensis snails were collected between October 2021 and October 2022 using handpicking and scooping methods. Among these, 844 were identified as B. s. siamensis and 569 as B. s. goniomphalos. The snail samples were examined for parasitic infections in the laboratory using shedding and crushing methods. Among the 27 sampling sites, snails from 6 sites were infected with various trematode species (infection rate: 4.95%, 70/1,413). Evaluation of the morphological and internal organ characteristics of the cercariae allowed for the categorization of the trematodes into five species of trematodes (belonging to four families). The identified species included Echinochasmus pelecani (family: Echinostomatidae), Echinostoma revolutum (family: Echinostomatidae), Haematoloechus similis (family: Haematoloechidae), Loxogenoides bicolor (family Lecithodendriidae), and Stictodora tridactyla (family: Heterophyidae), and the infection rates for these species were 3.26% (46/1,413), 0.35% (5/1,413), 0.42% (6/1,413), 0.78% (11/1,413), and 0.14% (2/1,413), respectively. The cercariae from the identified trematode species were studied for DNA analysis. The phylogenetic lineage reveals relationships among the species, confirming the morphological distinctions.
本研究旨在调查泰国南部五个府的双髻蜗牛幼虫吸虫感染情况。在 2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 10 月期间,采用手摘和舀取方法共采集了 1,413 只 Bithynia siamensis 蜗牛。其中,844 个被鉴定为 B. s. siamensis,569 个被鉴定为 B. s. goniomphalos。这些蜗牛样本在实验室用脱落法和压碎法进行寄生虫感染检查。在 27 个采样点中,6 个采样点的蜗牛感染了不同种类的吸虫(感染率:4.95%,70/1,413)。通过对蜗牛蛛形纲和内脏器官特征的评估,可将吸虫分为五种(隶属于四个科)。已确定的种类包括 Echinochasmus pelecani(棘口吸虫科)、Echinostoma revolutum(棘口吸虫科)、Haematoloechus similis(血吸虫科)、Loxogenoides bicolor(双色吸虫科)和 Stictodora tridactyla(异叶吸虫科),这些种类的感染率为 3.这些物种的感染率分别为 3.26% (46/1,413)、0.35% (5/1,413)、0.42% (6/1,413)、0.78% (11/1,413) 和 0.14% (2/1,413)。研究人员对已确定的吸虫种类的鞭毛虫进行了 DNA 分析。系统发生系揭示了各物种之间的关系,证实了形态学上的区别。
{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of trematodes hosted by Bithynia siamensis in Southern Thailand.","authors":"Duangduen Krailas, Thanaporn Wongpim, Jirayus Komsuwan, Nuanpan Veeravechsukij, Chanyanuch Janmanee, Piyawan Thongchot, Wivitchuta Dechruksa, Saranphat Suwanrat, Kampanat Tharapoom, Matthias Glaubrecht","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08345-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08345-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of larval trematode infections in bithyniid snails across five provinces in southern Thailand. A total of 1,413 Bithynia siamensis snails were collected between October 2021 and October 2022 using handpicking and scooping methods. Among these, 844 were identified as B. s. siamensis and 569 as B. s. goniomphalos. The snail samples were examined for parasitic infections in the laboratory using shedding and crushing methods. Among the 27 sampling sites, snails from 6 sites were infected with various trematode species (infection rate: 4.95%, 70/1,413). Evaluation of the morphological and internal organ characteristics of the cercariae allowed for the categorization of the trematodes into five species of trematodes (belonging to four families). The identified species included Echinochasmus pelecani (family: Echinostomatidae), Echinostoma revolutum (family: Echinostomatidae), Haematoloechus similis (family: Haematoloechidae), Loxogenoides bicolor (family Lecithodendriidae), and Stictodora tridactyla (family: Heterophyidae), and the infection rates for these species were 3.26% (46/1,413), 0.35% (5/1,413), 0.42% (6/1,413), 0.78% (11/1,413), and 0.14% (2/1,413), respectively. The cercariae from the identified trematode species were studied for DNA analysis. The phylogenetic lineage reveals relationships among the species, confirming the morphological distinctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 10","pages":"338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease, which seriously endangers human health. The immune game between parasite and host is not fully understood. Exosomes are thought to be one of the ways of information communication between parasite and host. In this study, we attempted to explore the communication between Echinococcus granulosus and its host through the medium of exosomes. We collected plasma from E. granulosus patients (CE-EXO) and healthy donors (HD-EXO) and extracted exosomes from the plasma. The expression profile of miRNA in plasma was determined by second generation sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to annotate the function of target genes of differential miRNAs. Meanwhile, we co-cultured plasma exosomes from healthy donors and plasma exosomes from E. granulosus patients with Jurkat T cells with or without phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. The expression of CD69 on Jurkat T cells was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the miRNA of exosomes between healthy donors and E. granulosus patients was significantly different. GO and KEGG were used to annotate the function of target genes of differential miRNAs. The results indicate that many important pathways are involved in inflammation, metabolism, and immune response after parasite infection, such as p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Flow cytometry showed that CE-EXO reduced the expression of CD69 + on Jurkat T cells. Our present results suggest that these differentially expressed miRNAs may be important regulators of parasite-host interactions. Meanwhile, functional prediction of its target genes provides valuable information for understanding the mechanism of host-parasite interactions. These results provide clues for future studies on E. granulosus escape from host immune attack, which could help control E. granulosus infection.
棘球蚴病是一种人畜共患病,严重危害人类健康。寄生虫与宿主之间的免疫博弈尚未完全明了。外泌体被认为是寄生虫与宿主之间进行信息交流的途径之一。在这项研究中,我们试图通过外泌体这一媒介来探索粒棘球蚴与宿主之间的交流。我们采集了粒棘球蚴患者(CE-EXO)和健康供体(HD-EXO)的血浆,并从血浆中提取了外泌体。通过二代测序测定了血浆中 miRNA 的表达谱。基因本体(GO)和京都基因组百科全书(KEGG)被用来注释不同 miRNA 的靶基因功能。同时,我们将健康供体的血浆外泌体和粒细胞埃希氏菌患者的血浆外泌体与Jurkat T细胞在植物血凝素(PHA)刺激或无植物血凝素(PHA)刺激下进行了共培养。流式细胞术检测了 Jurkat T 细胞上 CD69 的表达。结果表明,健康供体和肉芽肿埃希氏菌患者外泌体的 miRNA 有显著差异。研究人员利用 GO 和 KEGG 对不同 miRNA 的靶基因功能进行了注释。结果表明,寄生虫感染后,许多重要通路都参与了炎症、新陈代谢和免疫反应,如p53信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路和糖酵解/糖元生成。流式细胞术显示,CE-EXO 降低了 Jurkat T 细胞上 CD69 + 的表达。我们目前的研究结果表明,这些不同表达的 miRNA 可能是寄生虫与宿主相互作用的重要调节因子。同时,对其靶基因的功能预测为了解宿主-寄生虫相互作用的机制提供了有价值的信息。这些结果为今后研究肉毒梭菌逃避宿主免疫攻击提供了线索,有助于控制肉毒梭菌感染。
{"title":"A pilot study of microRNAs expression profile in plasma of patients with hydatid disease: potential immunomodulation of hydatid disease.","authors":"Jing Xiao, Jian-Wen Wu, Yun-Zhuo Xin, Dong Song, Xiao-Ping Gao, Mei Yin, Wei Zhao, Fu-Lin Liu, Hao Wang, Jie Wang, Jia-Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08350-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08350-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease, which seriously endangers human health. The immune game between parasite and host is not fully understood. Exosomes are thought to be one of the ways of information communication between parasite and host. In this study, we attempted to explore the communication between Echinococcus granulosus and its host through the medium of exosomes. We collected plasma from E. granulosus patients (CE-EXO) and healthy donors (HD-EXO) and extracted exosomes from the plasma. The expression profile of miRNA in plasma was determined by second generation sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to annotate the function of target genes of differential miRNAs. Meanwhile, we co-cultured plasma exosomes from healthy donors and plasma exosomes from E. granulosus patients with Jurkat T cells with or without phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. The expression of CD69 on Jurkat T cells was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the miRNA of exosomes between healthy donors and E. granulosus patients was significantly different. GO and KEGG were used to annotate the function of target genes of differential miRNAs. The results indicate that many important pathways are involved in inflammation, metabolism, and immune response after parasite infection, such as p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Flow cytometry showed that CE-EXO reduced the expression of CD69 + on Jurkat T cells. Our present results suggest that these differentially expressed miRNAs may be important regulators of parasite-host interactions. Meanwhile, functional prediction of its target genes provides valuable information for understanding the mechanism of host-parasite interactions. These results provide clues for future studies on E. granulosus escape from host immune attack, which could help control E. granulosus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 10","pages":"336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trichomonas gallinae is a widespread protozoan parasite that primarily affects birds, causing a disease known as avian trichomonosis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. gallinae, a parasite causing avian trichomoniasis in feral pigeons, budgerigars, and finches in Tehran, Iran. The 5.8S ribosomal RNA locus, along with the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, has been extensively utilized for genotype identification and for determining inter- and intra-specific diversity. More recently, the Fe-hydrogenase (Fe-Hyd) gene has been suggested as an additional genetic marker to enhance the accuracy of strain subtyping discrimination. In the present study, a total of 12% (12/100) birds examined were infected with T. gallinae using microscopy and PCR methods. Infection was found in seven of 30 (23.3%) feral pigeons, three of 40 (7.5%) budgerigars, and two of 30 (6.66%) finches. Analysis of the ITS2 region of T. gallinae isolates revealed two highly similar sequences. The first sequence (GenBank: OQ689964-OQ689970) was found in five feral pigeons and two budgerigars, whereas the second sequence (GenBank: OQ689971-OQ689975) was identified in two feral pigeons, one budgerigar, and two finches. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of two distinct clusters (cluster I and cluster II) within the trichomonads based on the ITS2 region. However, further analysis using Fe-Hyd revealed greater diversity, with three subtypes identified (A1, A2, and C1). One isolate identified in the present study (GenBank accession number: OQ694508.1) belonged to subtype A1. Combining ITS2 and Fe-Hyd markers holds promise for a more comprehensive understanding of the population structure of T. gallinae and the potential role of ITS2 in host adaptation.
五倍子毛滴虫(Trichomonas gallinae)是一种广泛存在的原生动物寄生虫,主要影响鸟类,导致一种被称为禽毛滴虫病的疾病。本研究旨在调查伊朗德黑兰野鸽、虎皮鹦鹉和雀鸟中引起禽毛滴虫病的寄生虫 T. gallinae 的流行情况和遗传多样性。5.8S 核糖体 RNA 位点以及内部转录间隔 2(ITS2)区域已被广泛用于基因型鉴定以及确定种间和种内多样性。最近,有人建议将铁氢化酶(Fe-Hyd)基因作为额外的遗传标记,以提高菌株亚型鉴别的准确性。在本研究中,使用显微镜和聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,共有 12% 的鸟类(12/100)感染了五倍子蝇。30只野鸽中有7只(23.3%)、40只虎皮鹦鹉中有3只(7.5%)、30只雀鸟中有2只(6.66%)被感染。对 T. gallinae 分离物的 ITS2 区域分析发现了两个高度相似的序列。第一个序列(GenBank:OQ689964-OQ689970)在五只野鸽和两只虎皮鹦鹉中发现,而第二个序列(GenBank:OQ689971-OQ689975)在两只野鸽、一只虎皮鹦鹉和两只雀中发现。系统发育分析证实,基于 ITS2 区域,毛滴虫存在两个不同的群集(群集 I 和群集 II)。然而,使用铁-水化物(Fe-Hyd)进行的进一步分析显示了更大的多样性,确定了三个亚型(A1、A2 和 C1)。本研究中发现的一个分离株(GenBank登录号:OQ694508.1)属于 A1 亚型。结合 ITS2 和 Fe-Hyd 标记有望更全面地了解 T. gallinae 的种群结构以及 ITS2 在宿主适应中的潜在作用。
{"title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Trichomonas gallinae isolated from ornamental birds in Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Aida Ebrahimi Ahmadabad, Bahar Shemshadi, Zohreh Momeni, Nadia Taeifi Nasrabadi","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08346-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08346-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichomonas gallinae is a widespread protozoan parasite that primarily affects birds, causing a disease known as avian trichomonosis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. gallinae, a parasite causing avian trichomoniasis in feral pigeons, budgerigars, and finches in Tehran, Iran. The 5.8S ribosomal RNA locus, along with the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, has been extensively utilized for genotype identification and for determining inter- and intra-specific diversity. More recently, the Fe-hydrogenase (Fe-Hyd) gene has been suggested as an additional genetic marker to enhance the accuracy of strain subtyping discrimination. In the present study, a total of 12% (12/100) birds examined were infected with T. gallinae using microscopy and PCR methods. Infection was found in seven of 30 (23.3%) feral pigeons, three of 40 (7.5%) budgerigars, and two of 30 (6.66%) finches. Analysis of the ITS2 region of T. gallinae isolates revealed two highly similar sequences. The first sequence (GenBank: OQ689964-OQ689970) was found in five feral pigeons and two budgerigars, whereas the second sequence (GenBank: OQ689971-OQ689975) was identified in two feral pigeons, one budgerigar, and two finches. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of two distinct clusters (cluster I and cluster II) within the trichomonads based on the ITS2 region. However, further analysis using Fe-Hyd revealed greater diversity, with three subtypes identified (A1, A2, and C1). One isolate identified in the present study (GenBank accession number: OQ694508.1) belonged to subtype A1. Combining ITS2 and Fe-Hyd markers holds promise for a more comprehensive understanding of the population structure of T. gallinae and the potential role of ITS2 in host adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 10","pages":"335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08357-0
Fabiana E Sosa, Diego M Medina, Juan F Micheloud, Hugo M Borsetti, Nancy Hernández, Leonhard Schnittger, Sandra R Romero, Mónica Florin-Christensen
An outbreak of Psoroptes sp.-caused mange was detected in a llama herd of Larcas, Jujuy province, Argentina. Infested llamas showed alopecia, erythema, hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation of the ear pinnae, as well as crusts and serous, serosanguineous, or purulent drainage with unpleasant smell in the external ear canal. Microscopic evaluation of skin scrapings revealed 0.5- to 0.7-mm-long acari identified as Psoroptes sp. based on their morphology. Histology showed a typical allergic reaction with perivascular to periadnexal mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences analyzed from the sampled acari clustered into a single P. ovis clade including sequences isolated from rabbits and bighorn sheep, with P. natalensis as a sister taxon that infested bighorn sheep from the USA. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences showed three well-supported clades, one of which contained the sequences of the Larcas llamas and US bighorn sheep isolates. This is the first report on P. ovis infestation of llamas raised in their original location. Investigations on mange etiological agents acting on South American camelids and their distribution are necessary to implement control strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of these parasitic infections.
阿根廷胡胡伊省拉尔卡斯(Larcas)的骆马群中爆发了由疥癣病引起的疥癣病。受感染的骆马出现脱发、红斑、色素沉着、角化过度、耳廓发炎,外耳道出现结痂、浆液性、浆液血性或脓性排泄物,并伴有难闻的气味。对皮肤刮片进行显微镜评估后发现,根据其形态,发现了 0.5 至 0.7 毫米长的螨虫,确定为 Psoroptes sp.。组织学检查显示出典型的过敏反应,血管周围至附件周围混合性炎症浸润。系统发生树分析表明,从取样的螨类中分析出的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I 基因序列聚类为一个单一的 P. ovis 支系,包括从兔子和大角羊中分离出的序列,其中 P. natalensis 是侵染美国大角羊的姊妹类群。细胞色素 b 序列的系统发育分析显示有三个支持良好的支系,其中一个支系包含 Larcas 骆马和美国大角羊分离物的序列。这是第一份关于在原产地饲养的骆马感染猫鼬的报告。有必要对作用于南美骆驼的疥癣病原体及其分布进行调查,以实施控制策略,减轻这些寄生虫感染的负面影响。
{"title":"First report on the occurrence of psoroptic mange in llamas (Lama glama) of the Andean region.","authors":"Fabiana E Sosa, Diego M Medina, Juan F Micheloud, Hugo M Borsetti, Nancy Hernández, Leonhard Schnittger, Sandra R Romero, Mónica Florin-Christensen","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08357-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08357-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An outbreak of Psoroptes sp.-caused mange was detected in a llama herd of Larcas, Jujuy province, Argentina. Infested llamas showed alopecia, erythema, hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation of the ear pinnae, as well as crusts and serous, serosanguineous, or purulent drainage with unpleasant smell in the external ear canal. Microscopic evaluation of skin scrapings revealed 0.5- to 0.7-mm-long acari identified as Psoroptes sp. based on their morphology. Histology showed a typical allergic reaction with perivascular to periadnexal mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences analyzed from the sampled acari clustered into a single P. ovis clade including sequences isolated from rabbits and bighorn sheep, with P. natalensis as a sister taxon that infested bighorn sheep from the USA. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences showed three well-supported clades, one of which contained the sequences of the Larcas llamas and US bighorn sheep isolates. This is the first report on P. ovis infestation of llamas raised in their original location. Investigations on mange etiological agents acting on South American camelids and their distribution are necessary to implement control strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of these parasitic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 9","pages":"334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08356-1
Fekadu Massebo, Temesgen Ashine, Nigatu Negash, Nigatu Eligo, Elifaged Hailemeskel, Thomas T Minda, Bernt Lindtjørn, Endalamaw Gadisa
Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an "exotic" urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2-3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi, with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia's largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia.
{"title":"The expansion of an invasive malaria vector: Anopheles stephensi emergence in Arba Minch town in the southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia.","authors":"Fekadu Massebo, Temesgen Ashine, Nigatu Negash, Nigatu Eligo, Elifaged Hailemeskel, Thomas T Minda, Bernt Lindtjørn, Endalamaw Gadisa","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08356-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08356-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an \"exotic\" urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2-3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi, with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia's largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 9","pages":"333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08354-3
Paula Marcotegui, Alma Islas-Ortega, Delfina Cantatore, Yamila Reshaid, Martin Montes, Jorge Barneche, Sergio Martorelli
In this study, we compared the efficacy of geometric morphometric techniques, including outlines and landmark-based approaches, to support the differentiation of Trichodina bellottii from three co-occurring killifish species. Both methods were able to differentiate trichodinids from different host species. However, discriminat analyses and MANOVA results based on landmarks had greater accuracy possibly because these analyses only provide information on certain points defined by the researcher, while the analyses based on outlines take into account points with less taxonomic information.
{"title":"Two methods for geometric morphometric analysis of trichodinids from killifishes.","authors":"Paula Marcotegui, Alma Islas-Ortega, Delfina Cantatore, Yamila Reshaid, Martin Montes, Jorge Barneche, Sergio Martorelli","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08354-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08354-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we compared the efficacy of geometric morphometric techniques, including outlines and landmark-based approaches, to support the differentiation of Trichodina bellottii from three co-occurring killifish species. Both methods were able to differentiate trichodinids from different host species. However, discriminat analyses and MANOVA results based on landmarks had greater accuracy possibly because these analyses only provide information on certain points defined by the researcher, while the analyses based on outlines take into account points with less taxonomic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 9","pages":"332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aggregation is a fundamental feature of parasite distribution in the host population, but the biological implications of the aggregation indices used to describe the relationships between the populations of parasites and hosts are not evident. It is speculated that the form of distribution in each case is predicated on the host's varying resistance to the infection, which is hard to control, making it difficult to adequately interpret the index values. This paper examines several cases from trout farms in Russian Karelia to explore the monogenean Gyrodactylus spp. infection in rainbow trout of varying ages. The genetic homogeneity of cage-reared fish and the direct life cycle of the helminths make the relationship between the species more lucid than in natural host-parasite systems. The results give no ground to speak of any specific patterns: as well as in the natural systems, the infection rates in trout vary widely, i.e., the helminth distribution has not become more uniform; the observed distributions in all cases are adequately approximated by the negative binomial model; the positive abundance-occupancy relationships (AORs) and abundance-variance relationships (AVRs) common for parasitic systems apply to the basic infection parameters. The form of the negative binomial distribution is shaped by two parameters-k and θ, the former being a metric of the infection variability, which depends on the host's individual resistance, and the latter representing the parasites' reproduction and establishment success rates. A rise in the parameter k indicates increased aggregation and a higher parameter θ points to a more uniform frequency distribution. These parameters can be used as a representative tool for monitoring the parasite communities in salmonid fishes, including in aquaculture.
聚集是寄生虫在宿主群体中分布的一个基本特征,但用于描述寄生虫和宿主群体之间关系的聚集指数的生物学意义并不明显。据推测,每种情况下的分布形式都是以宿主对感染的不同抵抗力为前提的,而这种抵抗力是难以控制的,因此很难充分解释指数值。本文研究了俄罗斯卡累利阿鳟鱼养殖场的几个案例,以探讨不同年龄的虹鳟鱼感染单基因河豚的情况。网箱饲养鱼类的基因同质性和蠕虫的直接生命周期使得物种之间的关系比自然宿主-寄生虫系统中的关系更加清晰。研究结果没有给出任何具体的模式:与自然系统中一样,鳟鱼的感染率差异很大,即螺旋体的分布并没有变得更加均匀;在所有情况下观察到的分布都可以用负二项模型充分近似;寄生系统中常见的正丰度-占位关系(AORs)和丰度-方差关系(AVRs)适用于基本感染参数。负二项分布的形式由两个参数--k 和 θ 决定,前者是感染变异性的度量,取决于宿主的个体抵抗力,后者代表寄生虫的繁殖率和建立成功率。参数 k 升高表示聚集程度增加,参数 θ 升高表示频率分布更均匀。这些参数可用作监测鲑科鱼类寄生虫群落(包括水产养殖中的寄生虫群落)的代表性工具。
{"title":"Parasite abundance distribution as a model of host-parasite relationships between monogeneans Gyrodactylus spp. and cage-reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.","authors":"Evgeny Ieshko, Vyacheslav Gorbach, Aleksey Parshukov","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08351-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08351-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggregation is a fundamental feature of parasite distribution in the host population, but the biological implications of the aggregation indices used to describe the relationships between the populations of parasites and hosts are not evident. It is speculated that the form of distribution in each case is predicated on the host's varying resistance to the infection, which is hard to control, making it difficult to adequately interpret the index values. This paper examines several cases from trout farms in Russian Karelia to explore the monogenean Gyrodactylus spp. infection in rainbow trout of varying ages. The genetic homogeneity of cage-reared fish and the direct life cycle of the helminths make the relationship between the species more lucid than in natural host-parasite systems. The results give no ground to speak of any specific patterns: as well as in the natural systems, the infection rates in trout vary widely, i.e., the helminth distribution has not become more uniform; the observed distributions in all cases are adequately approximated by the negative binomial model; the positive abundance-occupancy relationships (AORs) and abundance-variance relationships (AVRs) common for parasitic systems apply to the basic infection parameters. The form of the negative binomial distribution is shaped by two parameters-k and θ, the former being a metric of the infection variability, which depends on the host's individual resistance, and the latter representing the parasites' reproduction and establishment success rates. A rise in the parameter k indicates increased aggregation and a higher parameter θ points to a more uniform frequency distribution. These parameters can be used as a representative tool for monitoring the parasite communities in salmonid fishes, including in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 9","pages":"329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08353-4
Ahu Nakhaei Madih, Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari, Maysam Yousefi, Mohsen Ehsan, Elham Akhlaghi, Hosein Kamyabi, Amir Shafiee, Majid Fasihi Harandi
The factors involving in the natural history and determinants of different features of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) are not adequately understood. Several host-related factors including the genetic structure of the host and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are believed to be involved in the natural history of CE in humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between HLA class II genes and active and inactive stages of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Echinococcus granulosus cyst samples and patient information were collected from the biobank of the Iranian Hydatid Disease Registry from 2019 to 2022. HLA-DRB and HLA-DQB were characterized by PCR method. CE patients were categorized into three active (CE1 and CE2), inactive (CE4 and CE5), and transitional (CE3) stages according to the WHO ultrasound classification of CE. In total, 77 participants including 38 patients (36.8% men and 63.2% women) with different stages of CE as well as 39 healthy individuals (38.5% men and 61.5% women) were included in the study. Findings of the study showed that the frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 was significantly lower in the patients compared to the healthy individuals. The frequencies of HLA-DQB and HLA-DRB alleles were not differed significantly between active, inactive, and transitional stages of E. granulosus cysts. Findings of this study indicate the potential role of this allele in the susceptibility of human to cystic echinococcosis. Further large-scale studies in different endemic countries are required to document the significance of HLA-DQB and HLA-DRB as a host-related factor in the natural history of CE in human.
{"title":"HLA class II profile in patients with different stages of cystic echinococcosis according to the WHO ultrasound imaging classification.","authors":"Ahu Nakhaei Madih, Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari, Maysam Yousefi, Mohsen Ehsan, Elham Akhlaghi, Hosein Kamyabi, Amir Shafiee, Majid Fasihi Harandi","doi":"10.1007/s00436-024-08353-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-024-08353-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The factors involving in the natural history and determinants of different features of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) are not adequately understood. Several host-related factors including the genetic structure of the host and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are believed to be involved in the natural history of CE in humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between HLA class II genes and active and inactive stages of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Echinococcus granulosus cyst samples and patient information were collected from the biobank of the Iranian Hydatid Disease Registry from 2019 to 2022. HLA-DRB and HLA-DQB were characterized by PCR method. CE patients were categorized into three active (CE1 and CE2), inactive (CE4 and CE5), and transitional (CE3) stages according to the WHO ultrasound classification of CE. In total, 77 participants including 38 patients (36.8% men and 63.2% women) with different stages of CE as well as 39 healthy individuals (38.5% men and 61.5% women) were included in the study. Findings of the study showed that the frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 was significantly lower in the patients compared to the healthy individuals. The frequencies of HLA-DQB and HLA-DRB alleles were not differed significantly between active, inactive, and transitional stages of E. granulosus cysts. Findings of this study indicate the potential role of this allele in the susceptibility of human to cystic echinococcosis. Further large-scale studies in different endemic countries are required to document the significance of HLA-DQB and HLA-DRB as a host-related factor in the natural history of CE in human.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"123 9","pages":"330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}