Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548669
K. Smedley
Many control methods for power convertor switching circuits employ an integrator to realize PWM. Depending how the integrator is used, the dynamic performance differs greatly. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of the function of integrators in some representative integrator related PWM methods, such as ASDTIC control, delta/delta-sigma modulation, modulated integral control and one-cycle control. In general, zero steady-state error is granted for all methods. Further, the variable frequency control methods are able to achieve one-cycle dynamic response. In the constant frequency category, however, only the one-cycle control method achieves one-cycle dynamic response, i.e., it realizes zero dynamic tracking error in the cycle average sense. In this paper, performance enhancement rules were explored for variable frequency control method in order to reduce the frequency variation. For the one-cycle control method, a pulse position modulation effect is identified which deteriorates the perturbation rejection ability of the single-side modulated one-cycle control method in the high frequency range. As a result, a double-side modulation is proposed that effectively reduces this effect. In addition, a fast reset mechanism is suggested that improves the switching error correction. This paper also provides a general approach to use integrators in PWM to realize arbitrary function.
{"title":"Integrators in pulse width modulation [switching circuits]","authors":"K. Smedley","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548669","url":null,"abstract":"Many control methods for power convertor switching circuits employ an integrator to realize PWM. Depending how the integrator is used, the dynamic performance differs greatly. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of the function of integrators in some representative integrator related PWM methods, such as ASDTIC control, delta/delta-sigma modulation, modulated integral control and one-cycle control. In general, zero steady-state error is granted for all methods. Further, the variable frequency control methods are able to achieve one-cycle dynamic response. In the constant frequency category, however, only the one-cycle control method achieves one-cycle dynamic response, i.e., it realizes zero dynamic tracking error in the cycle average sense. In this paper, performance enhancement rules were explored for variable frequency control method in order to reduce the frequency variation. For the one-cycle control method, a pulse position modulation effect is identified which deteriorates the perturbation rejection ability of the single-side modulated one-cycle control method in the high frequency range. As a result, a double-side modulation is proposed that effectively reduces this effect. In addition, a fast reset mechanism is suggested that improves the switching error correction. This paper also provides a general approach to use integrators in PWM to realize arbitrary function.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"773-781 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79449810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548686
Wei Chen, F. Lee, T. Yamauchi
The charge pump electronic ballast circuit, which employs a charging capacitor and a high frequency AC source to implement the power factor correction (PFC), has become an attractive topology for ballasting the fluorescent lamps because it eliminates the use of a bulky boost inductor. But this circuit has the problem of high voltage stress at light load operations especially during the preheat and startup operations of the lamps. Based on the analysis of the operation principle, the following solution was proposed. With the introduction of a second resonance stage, the voltage stress in this ballast was reduced by half. The experimental results are provided for verification.
{"title":"Reduction of voltage stress in charge pump electronic ballast","authors":"Wei Chen, F. Lee, T. Yamauchi","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548686","url":null,"abstract":"The charge pump electronic ballast circuit, which employs a charging capacitor and a high frequency AC source to implement the power factor correction (PFC), has become an attractive topology for ballasting the fluorescent lamps because it eliminates the use of a bulky boost inductor. But this circuit has the problem of high voltage stress at light load operations especially during the preheat and startup operations of the lamps. Based on the analysis of the operation principle, the following solution was proposed. With the introduction of a second resonance stage, the voltage stress in this ballast was reduced by half. The experimental results are provided for verification.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"887-893 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78204607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548579
D. Tooth, S. Finney, J. McNeill, B. Williams
A modified PWM scheme reduces switching losses (compared to centre aligned PWM) by a theoretical 32% in a three phase AC-DC step down converter with sinusoidal input currents. This scheme does not rely on the addition of any extra components, but rather solely on the adjustment of the PWM scheme. It is also shown that two paralleled converters' PWM patterns can be interleaved so as to reduce supply conducted switching harmonics. The effect of supply flat topping is also considered and the low frequency harmonic distortion produced is eliminated.
{"title":"Soft switching and interleaving for sinusoidal input current AC to DC step down converters","authors":"D. Tooth, S. Finney, J. McNeill, B. Williams","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548579","url":null,"abstract":"A modified PWM scheme reduces switching losses (compared to centre aligned PWM) by a theoretical 32% in a three phase AC-DC step down converter with sinusoidal input currents. This scheme does not rely on the addition of any extra components, but rather solely on the adjustment of the PWM scheme. It is also shown that two paralleled converters' PWM patterns can be interleaved so as to reduce supply conducted switching harmonics. The effect of supply flat topping is also considered and the low frequency harmonic distortion produced is eliminated.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"183-187 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78576649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548719
T. Ise, H. Yoneda, Y. Murakami, S. Tanahashi, S. Yamada, H. Chik
Precise current control within 0.01% accuracy of superconducting coils composing the Large Helical Device (LHD), which is a nuclear fusion experimental system under construction in Japan, is needed under the condition with strong mutual coupling between coils and some disturbances such as plasma, vacuum vessel etc. Application of the H/spl infin/ control scheme with a two-degree-of-freedom controller was studied. Good control results were obtained from the experimental model system with two superconducting coils. Simulation results with the LHD's circuit parameters show the possibility of successful control results.
{"title":"Current control of magnetically coupled superconducting coils for nuclear fusion experimental system using H/spl infin/ control scheme","authors":"T. Ise, H. Yoneda, Y. Murakami, S. Tanahashi, S. Yamada, H. Chik","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548719","url":null,"abstract":"Precise current control within 0.01% accuracy of superconducting coils composing the Large Helical Device (LHD), which is a nuclear fusion experimental system under construction in Japan, is needed under the condition with strong mutual coupling between coils and some disturbances such as plasma, vacuum vessel etc. Application of the H/spl infin/ control scheme with a two-degree-of-freedom controller was studied. Good control results were obtained from the experimental model system with two superconducting coils. Simulation results with the LHD's circuit parameters show the possibility of successful control results.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"1099-1104 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76628086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548714
A. S. Martins, E.V. Kassick, I. Barbi
This paper deals with the control strategy for the double boost converter in power factor correction (PFC) application, working in continuous conduction mode (CCM). This converter is based on the classic boost converter split into two parallel modules of power processing; each one of these modules process half of the nominal power of the converter. Technical literature concerning this converter does not analyze in detail some very important control aspects and it seems that it is still lacking a general control strategy for such converter. This subject is developed in the present paper. This is done by converter modeling based upon the PWM switch model. The model obtained, verified by simulations, points to a multivariable control system, since the converter output voltages and the control variables (duty cycle of the two active switches) are strongly coupled. The dynamic uncoupling technique is applied in order to overcome this undesirable characteristic and to design the voltage and current compensation loops. Each module of power processing has a current mode controlled PFC circuit with a current-regulation inner loop and a voltage-regulation outer loop and the dynamic uncoupling is performed over the former. Numerical simulation results of the behavior of the double-boost converter for power factor correction application are presented.
{"title":"Control strategy for the double-boost converter in continuous conduction mode applied to power factor correction","authors":"A. S. Martins, E.V. Kassick, I. Barbi","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548714","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the control strategy for the double boost converter in power factor correction (PFC) application, working in continuous conduction mode (CCM). This converter is based on the classic boost converter split into two parallel modules of power processing; each one of these modules process half of the nominal power of the converter. Technical literature concerning this converter does not analyze in detail some very important control aspects and it seems that it is still lacking a general control strategy for such converter. This subject is developed in the present paper. This is done by converter modeling based upon the PWM switch model. The model obtained, verified by simulations, points to a multivariable control system, since the converter output voltages and the control variables (duty cycle of the two active switches) are strongly coupled. The dynamic uncoupling technique is applied in order to overcome this undesirable characteristic and to design the voltage and current compensation loops. Each module of power processing has a current mode controlled PFC circuit with a current-regulation inner loop and a voltage-regulation outer loop and the dynamic uncoupling is performed over the former. Numerical simulation results of the behavior of the double-boost converter for power factor correction application are presented.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"1066-1072 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548585
J. R. Pinheiro, H. Hey
This paper proposes an active auxiliary commutation circuit (AACC) to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) in DC-AC power converters. The switching strategy implemented and the AACC make it possible for these power converters to operate with soft commutation of their main switches from no load up to full load, without increasing their voltage or current ratings. Due to commutation under zero voltage conditions, the main switches are implemented as a dual thyristor. The RMS current value carried by auxiliary switches is very low. To verify the feasibility of the proposed AACC, it is applied to a half-bridge inverter. Operation principle, commutation analysis, switching strategy and features are described and verified experimentally. These results have been obtained from a laboratory prototype operating at 30 kHz and rated at 300 W.
{"title":"An active auxiliary commutation circuit for inverters","authors":"J. R. Pinheiro, H. Hey","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an active auxiliary commutation circuit (AACC) to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) in DC-AC power converters. The switching strategy implemented and the AACC make it possible for these power converters to operate with soft commutation of their main switches from no load up to full load, without increasing their voltage or current ratings. Due to commutation under zero voltage conditions, the main switches are implemented as a dual thyristor. The RMS current value carried by auxiliary switches is very low. To verify the feasibility of the proposed AACC, it is applied to a half-bridge inverter. Operation principle, commutation analysis, switching strategy and features are described and verified experimentally. These results have been obtained from a laboratory prototype operating at 30 kHz and rated at 300 W.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"223-229 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73608002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548722
M. van der Berg, J. A. Ferreira
A new family of soft switching, unity power factor converters with high input power factor and isolated output is presented. A feature of the converters is a significant reduction of conducted EMI. Six converter topologies have been identified that share a zero voltage switching phase arm on the input boost converter stage. Detailed analysis and experimental results are presented on the double ZVS phase arm, resonant transition converter, which is operated at constant switching frequency.
{"title":"A family of low EMI, unity power factor converters","authors":"M. van der Berg, J. A. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548722","url":null,"abstract":"A new family of soft switching, unity power factor converters with high input power factor and isolated output is presented. A feature of the converters is a significant reduction of conducted EMI. Six converter topologies have been identified that share a zero voltage switching phase arm on the input boost converter stage. Detailed analysis and experimental results are presented on the double ZVS phase arm, resonant transition converter, which is operated at constant switching frequency.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"1120-1127 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74056633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548819
J. Sigg, M. Bruckmann, P. Turkes
Both, experimental and simulation techniques are used to investigate the series connection of IGBTs. An experimental setup with a power rating of 4.8 kV and 600 A is established. Circuit simulations are performed using physics-based models for the IGBT and the freewheeling diode. Experimental and calculated characteristics agree very well.
{"title":"The series connection of IGBTs investigated by experiments and simulation","authors":"J. Sigg, M. Bruckmann, P. Turkes","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548819","url":null,"abstract":"Both, experimental and simulation techniques are used to investigate the series connection of IGBTs. An experimental setup with a power rating of 4.8 kV and 600 A is established. Circuit simulations are performed using physics-based models for the IGBT and the freewheeling diode. Experimental and calculated characteristics agree very well.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"1760-1765 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73810406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548638
Tianwen Wu, Y. Chen
This paper presents a systematic and unified approach to modeling PWM DC/DC power converters using the layer scheme. With the layer scheme, typical PWM power converters, such as buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta and Sepic, can be derived from the two basic power converter trees, buck and boost. The small-signal models of these power converters can, therefore, be readily derived in terms of h-parameter (for buck family) and g-parameter (for boost family). Using the proposed approach can help to yield highly related dynamic models of the power converters in a family. This merit has made the proposed modeling method become uniquely valuable.
{"title":"A systematic and unified approach to modeling PWM DC/DC converters using the layer scheme","authors":"Tianwen Wu, Y. Chen","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548638","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a systematic and unified approach to modeling PWM DC/DC power converters using the layer scheme. With the layer scheme, typical PWM power converters, such as buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta and Sepic, can be derived from the two basic power converter trees, buck and boost. The small-signal models of these power converters can, therefore, be readily derived in terms of h-parameter (for buck family) and g-parameter (for boost family). Using the proposed approach can help to yield highly related dynamic models of the power converters in a family. This merit has made the proposed modeling method become uniquely valuable.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"575-580 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90421670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-23DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1996.548618
H. Mao, F. Lee, Xunwei Zhou, H. Dai
This paper proposes new three-phase ZVT topologies. With a split DC link, the auxiliary switch voltage rating is reduced to half DC-link voltage, so the conduction loss and switching loss in the auxiliary circuit are significantly reduced compared to previous ZVT circuit. With the ZVT circuit reducing main switch turn-on loss, the converter can be operated at high switching frequencies efficiently and reliably, achieving higher power density and better control performance. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the analysis.
{"title":"Novel soft switched three-phase voltage source converters with reduced auxiliary switch stresses","authors":"H. Mao, F. Lee, Xunwei Zhou, H. Dai","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1996.548618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1996.548618","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes new three-phase ZVT topologies. With a split DC link, the auxiliary switch voltage rating is reduced to half DC-link voltage, so the conduction loss and switching loss in the auxiliary circuit are significantly reduced compared to previous ZVT circuit. With the ZVT circuit reducing main switch turn-on loss, the converter can be operated at high switching frequencies efficiently and reliably, achieving higher power density and better control performance. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the analysis.","PeriodicalId":19979,"journal":{"name":"PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"64 1","pages":"443-448 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90433593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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