Accounts of Chemical Research最新文献

The article analyses an original database of 177 Latin American women activists killed that had some connection with feminist social movements from 2015 to 2023. A growing body of literature has focused on the killings of socio-environmental activists in Latin America and where they occurred. However, their activisms are under-researched, precisely because feminist social movements and activists have frequently been killed while advocating for women’s rights in the subcontinent. This article focuses on the circumstances, a few reasons portrayed in newspaper events, and the perpetrators of such violence. Based on a literature review, I argue that taking into account the recent narcodynamics of the region, it is possible to understand such violence within the context of drug-related violence, but also—and more likely—to consider those killings as political feminicides. Political feminicides are then examined largely through transfeminicides and peasant/communitarian activists.

Let n be an odd positive integer, p be an odd prime with (pequiv 3pmod 4), (d_{1} = {{p^{n}-1}over {2}} -1 ) and (d_{2} =p^{n}-2). The function defined by (f_u(x)=ux^{d_{1}}+x^{d_{2}}) is called the generalized Ness–Helleseth function over (mathbb {F}_{p^n}), where (uin mathbb {F}_{p^n}). It was initially studied by Ness and Helleseth in the ternary case. In this paper, for (p^n equiv 3 pmod 4) and (p^n ge 7), we provide the necessary and sufficient condition for (f_u(x)) to be an APN function. In addition, for each u satisfying (chi (u+1) = chi (u-1)), the differential spectrum of (f_u(x)) is investigated, and it is expressed in terms of some quadratic character sums of cubic polynomials, where (chi (cdot )) denotes the quadratic character of ({mathbb {F}}_{p^n}).

Objectives

This systematic review examined the reporting practices of propensity score modeling (PSM) in criminology and criminal justice studies.

Methods

There were 229 articles (with 527 individual sets of PSM analyses) published between 2000 and 2022 in the top 19 ranked criminology and criminal justice journals that were identified for study inclusion. These articles were systematically coded to assess the presence of key PSM reporting elements, including covariates, estimation methods, balancing strategy, matching type, sample size, balance assessment, sensitivity analysis, and post-PSM analyses.

Results

The use of PSM has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Study findings suggest that while there are many areas where the discipline has improved reporting over the last 22 years, there are still others that are sorely lacking. Our review reveals that only 28.9% of studies reported the propensity score technique used, 21.8% did not report pre- or post-PSM sample information, and 26.6% of all studies examined either did not report a balance assessment or reported using only one assessment which were largely null hypothesis significance testing.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a baseline assessment of PSM reporting and provide some guidance for conducting, reviewing, and publishing PSM research in criminology and criminal justice journals.

In this paper, we present an improved attack on the stream cipher Salsa20. Our improvements are based on two technical contributions. First, we make use of a distribution of a linear combination of several random variables that are derived from different differentials and explain how to exploit this in order to improve the attack complexity. Secondly, we study and exploit how to choose the actual value for so-called probabilistic neutral bits optimally. Because of the limited influence of these key bits on the computation, in the usual attack approach, these are fixed to a constant value, often zero for simplicity. As we will show, despite the fact that their influence is limited, the constant can be chosen in significantly better ways, and intriguingly, zero is the worst choice. Using this, we propose the first-ever attack on 7.5-round of the 128-bit key version of Salsa20. Also, we provide improvements in the attack against the 8-round of the 256-bit key version of Salsa20 and the 7-round of the 128-bit key version of Salsa20.

The community has been pursuing improvements in the cardinalities for constant dimensional codes (CDC for short) for the past decade. Lao et al. (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 69(7):4333–4344, 2023) has shown that mixed dimension subspace codes can be used to construct large constant dimension subspace codes. The exploration of the CDCs’ construction is transformed into finding mixed dimension/distance subspace codes with large dimension distributions. In this paper, we apply the parallel construction to this mixed dimension construction, which allows us to contribute approximately more than 80 new constant dimension codes.