{"title":"Ecchymotic Skin Lesions and Hand Edema in a 10-month-old Boy.","authors":"Caitlyn Glover, Alexander K C Leung, Joseph M Lam","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006114","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2023-006114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macartney Welborn, Samantha A Cresoe, Kiran Motaparthi, Jennifer L Thompson
{"title":"Persistent Lip Swelling in a Teenage Girl.","authors":"Macartney Welborn, Samantha A Cresoe, Kiran Motaparthi, Jennifer L Thompson","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005710","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Elaine Maria Pereira","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006038","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2023-006038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanie C Marsh, Guillermo Yepes Junquera, Emily Stonebrook, John David Spencer, Joshua R Watson
Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for the evaluation, treatment, and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs), UTI diagnosis and management remains challenging for clinicians. Challenges with acute UTI management stem from vague presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic uncertainty, limitations in laboratory testing, and selecting appropriate antibiotic therapy in an era with increasing rates of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens. Recurrent UTI management remains difficult due to an incomplete understanding of the factors contributing to UTI, when to assess a child with repeated infections for kidney and urinary tract anomalies, and limited prevention strategies. To help reduce these uncertainties, this review provides a comprehensive overview of UTI epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies that may help pediatricians overcome the challenges associated with acute and recurrent UTI management.
尽管美国儿科学会（American Academy of Pediatrics）制定了尿路感染（UTI）的评估、治疗和管理指南，但UTI 的诊断和管理对临床医生来说仍然具有挑战性。急性尿路感染管理面临的挑战来自于模糊的症状和体征、诊断的不确定性、实验室检测的局限性，以及在抗生素耐药尿路病原体日益增多的时代选择适当的抗生素治疗。由于对导致尿毒症的因素了解不全面，何时对反复感染的儿童进行肾脏和尿路异常评估，以及预防策略有限，因此复发性尿毒症的治疗仍然困难重重。为了帮助减少这些不确定性，本综述全面概述了 UTI 的流行病学、风险因素、诊断、治疗和预防策略，可帮助儿科医生克服急性和复发性 UTI 管理方面的挑战。
{"title":"Urinary Tract Infections in Children.","authors":"Melanie C Marsh, Guillermo Yepes Junquera, Emily Stonebrook, John David Spencer, Joshua R Watson","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006017","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2023-006017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for the evaluation, treatment, and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs), UTI diagnosis and management remains challenging for clinicians. Challenges with acute UTI management stem from vague presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic uncertainty, limitations in laboratory testing, and selecting appropriate antibiotic therapy in an era with increasing rates of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens. Recurrent UTI management remains difficult due to an incomplete understanding of the factors contributing to UTI, when to assess a child with repeated infections for kidney and urinary tract anomalies, and limited prevention strategies. To help reduce these uncertainties, this review provides a comprehensive overview of UTI epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies that may help pediatricians overcome the challenges associated with acute and recurrent UTI management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Shieh, Taylor R Schoenheit, Shane T Mallon, Emily J Mathias
{"title":"Acute Weakness in a Toddler with Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Andrew Shieh, Taylor R Schoenheit, Shane T Mallon, Emily J Mathias","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005746","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristen Kyler, M Olivia Titus, Morgan Sims, Carrie Busch
{"title":"Acute Unilateral Lower Extremity Weakness in a 7-year-old Girl.","authors":"Kristen Kyler, M Olivia Titus, Morgan Sims, Carrie Busch","doi":"10.1542/pir.2021-005386","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2021-005386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastrostomy tube insertion has become a more common practice in pediatric patients. An increasing number of children both in health-care facilities and at home are relying on temporary or long-term enteral feeding. Gastrostomy tube placement can be accomplished by various methods and by a variety of specialists. Despite the overall safety of these procedures, both early and late complications can occur. It is important for pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists to be familiar with and aware of the indications, safety, and management of gastrostomies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the topic.
{"title":"Gastrostomy Tubes: Indications, Types, and Care.","authors":"Inna Novak, Nerissa K Velazco","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005647","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrostomy tube insertion has become a more common practice in pediatric patients. An increasing number of children both in health-care facilities and at home are relying on temporary or long-term enteral feeding. Gastrostomy tube placement can be accomplished by various methods and by a variety of specialists. Despite the overall safety of these procedures, both early and late complications can occur. It is important for pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists to be familiar with and aware of the indications, safety, and management of gastrostomies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents has increased during the past decades, with a 1.9% increase per year in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients with diabetes have a greater risk of hospitalizations compared with those without diabetes. Clear evidence has emerged in the past decade that supports appropriate glycemic control in the hospital setting to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of hospital complications and mortality. Determining the appropriate insulin regimen in patients with T1DM in the hospital depends on the clinical status, type of outpatient insulin regimen (multiple daily injections versus pump therapy), glycemic control before admission, nutritional status, procedures, and enteral versus parenteral nutrition. Due to the complexity of the inpatient management of diabetes, institutions should have an inpatient diabetes management team that includes dietitians, diabetes educators, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and endocrinologists. The use of inpatient diabetes teams has been demonstrated to be beneficial in the management of patients with T1DM.
{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes Management in the Hospital Setting.","authors":"Andrea Granados, Adriana Carrillo Iregui","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005645","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents has increased during the past decades, with a 1.9% increase per year in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients with diabetes have a greater risk of hospitalizations compared with those without diabetes. Clear evidence has emerged in the past decade that supports appropriate glycemic control in the hospital setting to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of hospital complications and mortality. Determining the appropriate insulin regimen in patients with T1DM in the hospital depends on the clinical status, type of outpatient insulin regimen (multiple daily injections versus pump therapy), glycemic control before admission, nutritional status, procedures, and enteral versus parenteral nutrition. Due to the complexity of the inpatient management of diabetes, institutions should have an inpatient diabetes management team that includes dietitians, diabetes educators, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and endocrinologists. The use of inpatient diabetes teams has been demonstrated to be beneficial in the management of patients with T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adolescent Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders.","authors":"Rachel H Alinsky, Jennifer Hipp","doi":"10.1542/pir.2022-005896","DOIUrl":"10.1542/pir.2022-005896","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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