Katerina Lin, Kaitlyn T Marks, Farokh R Demehri, Jennifer M Perez
{"title":"Case 2: Subacute Respiratory Distress in a 3-Year-Old Boy.","authors":"Katerina Lin, Kaitlyn T Marks, Farokh R Demehri, Jennifer M Perez","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-006083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 6","pages":"321-325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Short stature (SS) is among the most common reasons for referral to a pediatric endocrinology clinic, particularly in urban areas. An appropriate medical history, including family history with measurement of the parents, an evaluation of the growth chart, an appropriate review of systems and physical exam, and determining the bone age, will allow the clinician to have a clear understanding of the reason(s) why the child is short. Familial SS and constitutional delay of growth are the most common causes of short stature. Children who are small for gestational age, whose height are not normal by age 2 years, and have dysmorphic features or abnormal body proportions should have an evaluation for genetic causes of SS. Children with abnormal growth velocity should be evaluated for endocrinopathies, inflammatory conditions, intestinal malabsorption, environmental factors, and/or chromosome mosaicism. Treatment of the identified cause should restore normal growth. Growth hormone treatment is only required by a minority of patients with SS.
{"title":"Short Stature for the General Pediatrician.","authors":"Alejandro Diaz, Lina Ayala Castro, Adriana Carrillo-Iregui","doi":"10.1542/pir.2024-006538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short stature (SS) is among the most common reasons for referral to a pediatric endocrinology clinic, particularly in urban areas. An appropriate medical history, including family history with measurement of the parents, an evaluation of the growth chart, an appropriate review of systems and physical exam, and determining the bone age, will allow the clinician to have a clear understanding of the reason(s) why the child is short. Familial SS and constitutional delay of growth are the most common causes of short stature. Children who are small for gestational age, whose height are not normal by age 2 years, and have dysmorphic features or abnormal body proportions should have an evaluation for genetic causes of SS. Children with abnormal growth velocity should be evaluated for endocrinopathies, inflammatory conditions, intestinal malabsorption, environmental factors, and/or chromosome mosaicism. Treatment of the identified cause should restore normal growth. Growth hormone treatment is only required by a minority of patients with SS.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 6","pages":"304-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nour Y Gebara, Allison B Rometo, Richard A Saladino
{"title":"Case 3: A 4-Year-Old Girl With a Cavitary Chest Lesion.","authors":"Nour Y Gebara, Allison B Rometo, Richard A Saladino","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-005964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-005964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 6","pages":"325-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Persistent Hypoxemia in a COVID-Positive Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Grace F Riley, Sarah Gustafson","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-006104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 5","pages":"277-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Barrett, Elizabeth Shih, Johanna B Warren
Sexual exploration is a natural part of adolescence, and most individuals will initiate sexual activity in their adolescent years. Privacy, confidentiality, and consent are crucial considerations in providing sexual health care to adolescents, with laws varying by state. References to gender in this article are primarily limited to the binary male-female due to lack of data representing the gender spectrum. We aim to reframe the conversation and offer tools to share with parents for productive conversations with their teens. Sex-positive parenting and the involvement of parents in promoting healthy sexual development through ongoing conversations is emphasized. Primary care practitioners have a vital role to play in providing sexual health education and services to adolescent patients, and this article offers practical tips and tricks in engaging this population.
{"title":"Adolescent Sexual Health: A Focus on the Sexual Health Portion of HEADSS Examination.","authors":"Caroline Barrett, Elizabeth Shih, Johanna B Warren","doi":"10.1542/pir.2024-006556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual exploration is a natural part of adolescence, and most individuals will initiate sexual activity in their adolescent years. Privacy, confidentiality, and consent are crucial considerations in providing sexual health care to adolescents, with laws varying by state. References to gender in this article are primarily limited to the binary male-female due to lack of data representing the gender spectrum. We aim to reframe the conversation and offer tools to share with parents for productive conversations with their teens. Sex-positive parenting and the involvement of parents in promoting healthy sexual development through ongoing conversations is emphasized. Primary care practitioners have a vital role to play in providing sexual health education and services to adolescent patients, and this article offers practical tips and tricks in engaging this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 5","pages":"235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anders C Jenson, Seth W Gregory, Nathaniel W Taggart, Michael P Penfold
{"title":"Acute Respiratory Distress and Oxygen Refractory Hypoxemia in a Term Newborn.","authors":"Anders C Jenson, Seth W Gregory, Nathaniel W Taggart, Michael P Penfold","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-006076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 5","pages":"267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations for the Pre-Sports Evaluation in Primary Care.","authors":"Ankita Khandai, Nailah Coleman","doi":"10.1542/pir.2024-006458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2024-006458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 5","pages":"287-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kate Shapiro, Maria A Carrillo-Marquez, Sandra R Arnold
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and acute bacterial arthritis (ABA) are among the most common invasive bacterial infections in otherwise healthy children. The diagnosis of AHO and ABA requires a high index of suspicion in children presenting with fever and musculoskeletal pain and judiciously chosen laboratory and imaging studies. Choosing the appropriate empirical antibiotic requires familiarity with local susceptibility patterns, especially for Staphylococcus aureus. Typical antibiotic duration for osteoarticular infection is 2-4 weeks depending on the type of infection, response to therapy, and presence of complications. Transitioning from parenteral to oral antibiotics is guided by clinical and laboratory evidence of resolving infection. This review will provide an overview of the recommendations contained in the 2 recently published guidelines for the management of AHO and ABA.
{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Acute Osteoarticular Infections: Summary of New Guidelines.","authors":"Kate Shapiro, Maria A Carrillo-Marquez, Sandra R Arnold","doi":"10.1542/pir.2023-006005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2023-006005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and acute bacterial arthritis (ABA) are among the most common invasive bacterial infections in otherwise healthy children. The diagnosis of AHO and ABA requires a high index of suspicion in children presenting with fever and musculoskeletal pain and judiciously chosen laboratory and imaging studies. Choosing the appropriate empirical antibiotic requires familiarity with local susceptibility patterns, especially for Staphylococcus aureus. Typical antibiotic duration for osteoarticular infection is 2-4 weeks depending on the type of infection, response to therapy, and presence of complications. Transitioning from parenteral to oral antibiotics is guided by clinical and laboratory evidence of resolving infection. This review will provide an overview of the recommendations contained in the 2 recently published guidelines for the management of AHO and ABA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20007,"journal":{"name":"Pediatrics in review","volume":"46 5","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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