Perspectives in Psychiatric Care最新文献

Purpose: Estimate the effect of nursing, shift, and patient characteristics on patients' aggression.

Design and methods: Follow-up study on a closed psychiatric ward was performed to estimate the effect of nursing team characteristics and patient characteristics on the incidence of aggression.

Findings: The incidence of aggression (n = 802 in sample) was lower in teams with >75% male nurses. Teams scoring high on extraversion experienced more verbal aggression and teams scoring high on neuroticism experienced more physical aggression. Younger patients and/or involuntarily admitted patients were more frequently aggressive.

Practice implications: These findings could stimulate support for nurses to prevent aggression.

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the altruism levels of nursing students and the affecting factors.

Background: Altruism is important for nursing students who are at the beginning of their careers as it is characterized by other-oriented feelings such as compassion and empathy.

Methods: The study was carried out as descriptive research. A total of 1200 nursing students studying at the nursing faculty of a state university in Turkey constituted the population of the study. The sample of the study consisted of 558 students. The data of the study were collected on January-February 2020. Data were collected by the researchers with the "Student Information Form" and the "Altruism Scale." Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program.

Results: The main scores of the subdimensions were found to be as follows: "Participating in Volunteer Activities," 24.51 ± 6.50; "Helping Financially," 23.56 ± 5.01; "Helping in Traumatic Situations," 25.68 ± 3.68; "Caring for the 'Elderly/Sick,'" 16.54 ± 3.25; "Helping Based on Physical Strength," 19.55 ± 4.21; "Helping in the Education Process," 19.68 ± 3.72; and "Helping from a Sense of Closeness," 21.06 ± 3.34. The total mean score of the Altruism Scale was found to be 150.59 ± 24.16. The altruism levels of nursing students were found to be at a high level. In addition, the altruism levels of the students who were female, studying in the fourth grade, has an income less than their expenses, felt belonging to the profession, and read books were found to be higher compared to the others.

Sleeping difficulties are the most significant cause of disability in menopausal women. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first line of management for sleeping difficulties and chronic insomnia.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based CBT program on sleeping difficulties in menopausal women.

Design: This was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 80 eligible menopausal women who fit the criteria of poor sleep quality were randomly and evenly assigned to the CBT intervention group or the control group.

Tools: The tools used for data collection were the demographic sheet, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and sleep diary. Internet-based CBT modules were administered to the intervention group. Six consecutive modules were held weekly for each participant. Sleep quality scores and insomnia index scores were considered the primary outcomes, while sleep diaries were the secondary outcomes. Self-administered questionnaires were given at baseline and 6 weeks after randomization.

Findings: Internet-based CBT is effective in reducing sleeping difficulties, particularly sleep quality scores (-3.60 ± 2.76) and insomnia index scores (-5.10 ± 3.54) from baseline. Moreover, the program induced significant changes in sleep parameters, such as increased total sleep hours (t = 2.734, p = 0.008), increased sleep efficiency ≥85%, (t = 3.558, p = 0.001), and decreased sleep latency (t = 2.180, p = 0.033) compared with the control group.

Conclusion: The strong predictors of having very poor sleep quality were short duration since last menopause, severity of hot flashes, and short duration of sleep difficulties.

Practice implication: Internet-based CBT is a useful practical intervention for managing sleeping difficulties in menopausal women. The current study provides evidence on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavioral intervention; thus, we recommend this method as a practical and accessible intervention to improve sleep in menopausal women.

Purpose: This descriptive study determined lawyers' beliefs about mental illnesses and their tendency to stigmatize people with mental illnesses.

Design and methods: The sample consisted of 181 lawyers. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form, the Beliefs toward Mental Illness Scale (BMI), and the Stigma Scale (SS).

Findings: Participants felt compassion, uneasiness, curiosity, and pity for people with mental illnesses. Participants had a mean BMI and SS score of 1.99 ± 0.70 and 2.19 ± 0.61, respectively. Their BMI and SS scores were moderately and positively correlated (r = 0.554) PRACTICE İMPLICATIONS: Lawyers should be informed about mental illness by courses within the context of health education in law schools' curricula. Future studies should focus on other community leaders' beliefs about mental illness and their tendency to stigmatize people with mental illnesses.

Purpose: To examine a screen model for detecting undergraduates with higher risk for developing psychosis (HRDP).

Design and methods: A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used. The screen model included exploration stage by self-report scales and confirmation stage by face-to-face interviews.

Findings: A total of 273 students were detected from 4744 surveys during 4 years. Of them, 120 students with HRDP were identified and 7 had been diagnosed as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders at 12-month follow-up.

Practice implications: This screen model can be used in early detection for undergraduates with HRDP from large general samples.

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to investigate the relationship between problematic smartphone use and the life goals.

Design and methods: The study was conducted on 310 nursing students. The data were collected with the "Smartphone Addiction Scale'' and "Life Goals Scale."

Findings: Increased internal life goals of the students was found to decrease the tendency to be engaged in a virtual relationship while increased external life goals increased the risk of smartphone addiction.

Practice implications: Programs to increase awareness should be developed to minimize smartphone addiction and increase internal goals in nursing students, and similar programs should also be conducted for nurses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to synthesize the studies examining the effects of psychosocial skills training (PSST) on the quality of life of people with schizophrenia using a meta-analysis.

Design and methods: Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Findings: PSST was found to have a moderate effect on the overall score of quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia, a moderate effect on the psychological dimension, and a low effect on the physical dimension.

Practice implications: It can be said that psychosocial skills training is an effective intervention that can be used to improve the quality of life of people with schizophrenia.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of interpersonal relational role analysis (IRRA) on nursing students' depressive symptoms and coping styles.

Design and methods: This study was conducted with randomized controlled, pretest-posttest control group design, and follow-up test patterns (n = 10).

Findings: As a result, IRRA had a positive effect on nursing students' depressive symptoms and coping styles.

Practice implications: Psychiatric nurses and other mental health professionals can readily use IRRA to help reduce depressive symptoms in groups with mild to moderate depressive symptoms and to develop effective styles to cope with stress.

Purpose: To assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Scale for Positive Aspects of Caregiving Experience (SPACE).

Design and methods: The methodological descriptive study was conducted with 228 family caregivers of people with dementia (PwD) in Turkey, Izmir, between March 2018 and December 2019.

Findings: The Turkish version of SPACE is a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate the positive experiences of caregivers of PwD in the Turkish society.

Practice implications: It is thought that this measurement tool will be useful for researchers working with primary caregivers in Turkey.