Yuanyi Fan, Jinkui Chu, Ran Zhang, Chuanlong Guan, and Jianying Liu
The study of pixelated metamaterials that integrate both the functions of linear and circular polarization filters is rapidly growing due to the need for full-Stokes polarization imaging. However, there is a lack of large-area, ultracompact pixelated full-Stokes metamaterials with excellent performance, especially circular polarization filters with a high extinction ratio, a broad operating bandwidth, and a low-cost, high-quality, efficient manufacturing process, which limits the practical applications of pixelated full-Stokes metamaterials. In this study, we propose a universal design and fabrication scheme for large-area, ultracompact pixelated aluminum wire-grid-based metamaterials used in Vis-NIR full-Stokes polarization imaging. The aluminum wire-grid was designed as a linear polarization filter with an average linear polarization extinction ratio of 36,000 and a circular polarization filter with an average circular polarization extinction ratio of 110 in Vis-NIR. A large-area, ultracompact 320×320 pixelated aluminum wire-grid-based full-Stokes metamaterial was fabricated using nanoimprint lithography and nano transfer printing with the advantages of low cost and high efficiency. This metamaterial was used to achieve full-Stokes polarization imaging with errors within 8.77%, 12.58%, 14.04%, and 25.96% for Stokes parameters S0, S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The inversion errors of the compensated Stokes parameters can be reduced to 0.21%, 0.21%, 0.42%, and 1.96%, respectively.
{"title":"Large-area ultracompact pixelated aluminum-wire-grid-based metamaterials for Vis-NIR full-Stokes polarization imaging","authors":"Yuanyi Fan, Jinkui Chu, Ran Zhang, Chuanlong Guan, and Jianying Liu","doi":"10.1364/prj.494728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.494728","url":null,"abstract":"The study of pixelated metamaterials that integrate both the functions of linear and circular polarization filters is rapidly growing due to the need for full-Stokes polarization imaging. However, there is a lack of large-area, ultracompact pixelated full-Stokes metamaterials with excellent performance, especially circular polarization filters with a high extinction ratio, a broad operating bandwidth, and a low-cost, high-quality, efficient manufacturing process, which limits the practical applications of pixelated full-Stokes metamaterials. In this study, we propose a universal design and fabrication scheme for large-area, ultracompact pixelated aluminum wire-grid-based metamaterials used in Vis-NIR full-Stokes polarization imaging. The aluminum wire-grid was designed as a linear polarization filter with an average linear polarization extinction ratio of 36,000 and a circular polarization filter with an average circular polarization extinction ratio of 110 in Vis-NIR. A large-area, ultracompact <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>320</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.267em; margin-right: 0.267em;\">×</span><span>320</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mn>320</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>320</mn></mrow></math></script></span> pixelated aluminum wire-grid-based full-Stokes metamaterial was fabricated using nanoimprint lithography and nano transfer printing with the advantages of low cost and high efficiency. This metamaterial was used to achieve full-Stokes polarization imaging with errors within 8.77%, 12.58%, 14.04%, and 25.96% for Stokes parameters <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.05em;\">S</span><span style=\"vertical-align: -0.4em;\">0</span></span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></script></span>, <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.05em;\">S</span><span style=\"vertical-align: -0.4em;\">1</span></span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></script></span>, <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.05em;\">S</span><span style=\"vertical-align: -0.4em;\">2</span></span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></script></span>, and <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.05em;\">S</span><span style=\"vertical-align: -0.4em;\">3</span></span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></script></span>, respectively. The inversion errors of the compensated Stokes parameters can be reduced to 0.21%, 0.21%, 0.42%, and 1.96%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71509801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nannan Li, Qi Zou, Yizhi Lan, Yaqi Wang, Jun Zhang, Michael Somekh, Changjun Min, Fu Feng, and Xiaocong Yuan
Owing to their unique optical properties and new degrees of freedom, orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams have been applied in various fields. Detection of the topological charges (TCs) of OAM beams is the key step for their applications. However, on-chip sorting of OAM beams with large TCs still remains a challenge. In this paper, Bloch surface wave (BSW) structures with five semi-ring shaped nanoslits are modeled. A spatial separation of 135 nm on the chip is obtained between two neighboring OAM states. OAM beams with TCs up to 35 can be successfully sorted by the BSW structures, which is much larger than that using metallic structures (only seven). BSW structures exhibit better OAM sorting performances than metallic structures. We systematically show how the lower attenuation of BSW structures leads to far superior separation ability compared to surface plasmons propagating on metallic structures. In addition, sorting of two OAM beams with different TCs simultaneously can be achieved in this way. Our results reveal that BSW structures should be an excellent solution for OAM sorting with large TCs, which is beneficial for applications in integrated on-chip devices and optical communications.
{"title":"On-chip sorting of orbital angular momentum beams using Bloch surface wave structures","authors":"Nannan Li, Qi Zou, Yizhi Lan, Yaqi Wang, Jun Zhang, Michael Somekh, Changjun Min, Fu Feng, and Xiaocong Yuan","doi":"10.1364/prj.502760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.502760","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their unique optical properties and new degrees of freedom, orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams have been applied in various fields. Detection of the topological charges (TCs) of OAM beams is the key step for their applications. However, on-chip sorting of OAM beams with large TCs still remains a challenge. In this paper, Bloch surface wave (BSW) structures with five semi-ring shaped nanoslits are modeled. A spatial separation of 135 nm on the chip is obtained between two neighboring OAM states. OAM beams with TCs up to 35 can be successfully sorted by the BSW structures, which is much larger than that using metallic structures (only seven). BSW structures exhibit better OAM sorting performances than metallic structures. We systematically show how the lower attenuation of BSW structures leads to far superior separation ability compared to surface plasmons propagating on metallic structures. In addition, sorting of two OAM beams with different TCs simultaneously can be achieved in this way. Our results reveal that BSW structures should be an excellent solution for OAM sorting with large TCs, which is beneficial for applications in integrated on-chip devices and optical communications.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71509804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qilin Duan, Yali Zeng, Yuhang Yin, Jinying Xu, Zhining Chen, Zhanlei Hao, Huanyang Chen, and Yineng Liu
To enhance the strength of chiral light–matter interaction for practical applications, the chirality and quality factors (Q-factors) of current methods need to be strengthened simultaneously. Here, we propose a design of photonic crystal slabs (PhCs) supporting chiral bound states in the continuum (BICs) of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, exhibiting maximal chiroptical responses with high Q-factors and near-unity circular dichroism (CD=0.98). Different from the past, the PhCs we employed only have reduced in-plane symmetry and can support simultaneously chiral quasi-BICs (q-BICs) of TE and TM mode with two-dimensional ultra-strong external and internal chirality. Based on the temporal coupled-mode theory, two analytical expressions of CD of chiral q-BICs response are revealed, which are consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, we elucidate these results within the charge-current multipole expansion framework and demonstrate that the co-excitation of higher-order multipole electric/magnetic modes is responsible for near-perfect CD. Our results may provide more flexible opportunities for various applications requiring high Q-factors and chirality control, such as chiral lasing, chiral sensing, and enantiomer separation.
{"title":"Photonic crystal slabs with maximal chiroptical response empowered by bound states in the continuum","authors":"Qilin Duan, Yali Zeng, Yuhang Yin, Jinying Xu, Zhining Chen, Zhanlei Hao, Huanyang Chen, and Yineng Liu","doi":"10.1364/prj.497954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.497954","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the strength of chiral light–matter interaction for practical applications, the chirality and quality factors (<span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>Q</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow></math></script></span>-factors) of current methods need to be strengthened simultaneously. Here, we propose a design of photonic crystal slabs (PhCs) supporting chiral bound states in the continuum (BICs) of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, exhibiting maximal chiroptical responses with high <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>Q</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow></math></script></span>-factors and near-unity circular dichroism (<span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>CD</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.333em; margin-right: 0.333em;\">=</span><span>0.98</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>CD</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.98</mn></mrow></math></script></span>). Different from the past, the PhCs we employed only have reduced in-plane symmetry and can support simultaneously chiral quasi-BICs (<span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>q</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></script></span>-BICs) of TE and TM mode with two-dimensional ultra-strong external and internal chirality. Based on the temporal coupled-mode theory, two analytical expressions of CD of chiral <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>q</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></script></span>-BICs response are revealed, which are consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, we elucidate these results within the charge-current multipole expansion framework and demonstrate that the co-excitation of higher-order multipole electric/magnetic modes is responsible for near-perfect CD. Our results may provide more flexible opportunities for various applications requiring high <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>Q</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>Q</mi></mrow></math></script></span>-factors and chirality control, such as chiral lasing, chiral sensing, and enantiomer separation.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71509572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-chaotic dual-mode and tri-mode microcavity lasers have been recently proposed and demonstrated for high-speed random number generation. Here, we report the characteristics of irregular pulse packages and self-chaos operation for a dual-mode circular-sided square microcavity laser. In addition to the mode interaction between the fundamental and first-order transverse modes, we observed irregular pulse packages due to the mode beating of near-degenerate modes for the first time to our best knowledge. Moreover, a successive route from periodic-one and periodic-three states to chaos is first experimentally illustrated by increasing injection current. The chaotic state is observed over a current range of 10 mA, and the maximum chaos effective bandwidth of 22.4 GHz is realized with a flatness of ±4dB. Chaotic characteristics are also investigated for different longitudinal modes, which indicates that the self-chaotic microlaser can provide robust parallel chaotic outputs for practical application.
{"title":"Nonlinear dynamics in a circular-sided square microcavity laser","authors":"Jian-Cheng Li, Jin-Long Xiao, Yue-De Yang, You-Ling Chen, and Yong-Zhen Huang","doi":"10.1364/prj.489371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.489371","url":null,"abstract":"Self-chaotic dual-mode and tri-mode microcavity lasers have been recently proposed and demonstrated for high-speed random number generation. Here, we report the characteristics of irregular pulse packages and self-chaos operation for a dual-mode circular-sided square microcavity laser. In addition to the mode interaction between the fundamental and first-order transverse modes, we observed irregular pulse packages due to the mode beating of near-degenerate modes for the first time to our best knowledge. Moreover, a successive route from periodic-one and periodic-three states to chaos is first experimentally illustrated by increasing injection current. The chaotic state is observed over a current range of 10 mA, and the maximum chaos effective bandwidth of 22.4 GHz is realized with a flatness of <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span style=\"margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em;\">±</span><span>4</span><span> </span><span>dB</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">±</mo><mn>4</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi>dB</mi></mrow></math></script></span>. Chaotic characteristics are also investigated for different longitudinal modes, which indicates that the self-chaotic microlaser can provide robust parallel chaotic outputs for practical application.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71509571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An on-chip optical phased array (OPA) is considered as a promising solution for next generation solid-state beam steering. However, most of the reported OPAs suffer from low operating bandwidths, making them limited in many applications. We propose and demonstrate a high-speed 2D scanning OPA based on thin-film lithium niobate phase modulators with traveling-wave electrodes. The measured modulation bandwidth is up to 2.5 GHz. Moreover, an aperiodic array combined with a slab grating antenna is also used to suppress the grating lobes of far-field beams, which enables a large field of view (FOV) as well as small beam width. A 16-channel OPA demonstrates an FOV of 50°×8.6° and a beam width of 0.73°×2.8° in the phase tuning direction and the wavelength scanning direction, respectively.
{"title":"High-speed 2D beam steering with Large Field of View based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Optical Phased Array","authors":"Wenlei Li, Xu Zhao, Jianghao He, Hao Yan, Bingcheng Pan, Zichen Guo, Xiang E Han, Jingye Chen, Daoxin Dai, Yaocheng Shi","doi":"10.1364/prj.502439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.502439","url":null,"abstract":"An on-chip optical phased array (OPA) is considered as a promising solution for next generation solid-state beam steering. However, most of the reported OPAs suffer from low operating bandwidths, making them limited in many applications. We propose and demonstrate a high-speed 2D scanning OPA based on thin-film lithium niobate phase modulators with traveling-wave electrodes. The measured modulation bandwidth is up to 2.5 GHz. Moreover, an aperiodic array combined with a slab grating antenna is also used to suppress the grating lobes of far-field beams, which enables a large field of view (FOV) as well as small beam width. A 16-channel OPA demonstrates an FOV of 50°×8.6° and a beam width of 0.73°×2.8° in the phase tuning direction and the wavelength scanning direction, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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