Dexiang Zhu, Zhouyuanhang Wang, Xiangyu Xu, Wenyu Du, Wei Huang, Yan Kuai, Benli Yu, Jianzhong Zheng, Zhijia Hu, Siqi Li
Circularly polarized lasers play a pivotal role in classical optics, nanophotonics, and quantum optical information processing, while their fabrication remains complex. This article begins with examining the interactions between stimulated emission and chiral matter, outlining a simple strategy for producing circularly polarized lasing from chiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), such as the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), embedded with achiral laser dyes (L/D-ZIF⊃dyes). It is found that the stimulated emission threshold and intensity are influenced by the interplay between the chiral polarization of the pump light and the inherent chirality of the MOF nanoparticles. We further present the design of a chiral vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), comprising an L/D-ZIF⊃dyes solid-state film sandwiched between a high-reflectivity distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror and a silver film. The cavity-based lasing exhibits higher asymmetry between emitting left-handed and right-handed polarized light compared to chiral spontaneous emission (SE) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), with an asymmetry value glum of approximately ±0.31. This value is nearly four-fold greater than that of SE and twice that of ASE. Our findings reveal a new approach to amplify chiral signals, promoting the comprehension and application of chiral–matter interactions, and offering a simple yet effective strategy to fabricate chiral lasers.
圆偏振激光器在经典光学、纳米光子学和量子光学信息处理中发挥着举足轻重的作用，但其制造过程仍然十分复杂。本文首先探讨了受激发射与手性物质之间的相互作用，概述了利用手性金属有机框架（MOF）（如沸石咪唑框架（ZIF））产生圆偏振激光的简单策略，并嵌入了非手性激光染料（L/D-ZIF⊃dyes）。研究发现，受激发射阈值和强度受泵浦光的手性偏振和 MOF 纳米粒子固有手性之间相互作用的影响。我们进一步介绍了手性垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）的设计，它由夹在高反射率分布式布拉格反射镜（DBR）和银膜之间的 L/D-ZIF⊃dyes 固体薄膜组成。与手性自发辐射（SE）和放大自发辐射（ASE）相比，基于空腔的激光在发射左手偏振光和右手偏振光之间表现出更高的不对称性，不对称性值 g lum 约为±0.31。这一数值几乎是 SE 的四倍，是 ASE 的两倍。我们的发现揭示了一种放大手性信号的新方法，促进了对手性物质相互作用的理解和应用，并为制造手性激光器提供了一种简单而有效的策略。
{"title":"Circularly polarized lasing from chiral metal-organic frameworks","authors":"Dexiang Zhu, Zhouyuanhang Wang, Xiangyu Xu, Wenyu Du, Wei Huang, Yan Kuai, Benli Yu, Jianzhong Zheng, Zhijia Hu, Siqi Li","doi":"10.1364/prj.520965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.520965","url":null,"abstract":"Circularly polarized lasers play a pivotal role in classical optics, nanophotonics, and quantum optical information processing, while their fabrication remains complex. This article begins with examining the interactions between stimulated emission and chiral matter, outlining a simple strategy for producing circularly polarized lasing from chiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), such as the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), embedded with achiral laser dyes (L/D-<jats:italic>ZIF</jats:italic><jats:italic>⊃</jats:italic><jats:italic>dyes</jats:italic>). It is found that the stimulated emission threshold and intensity are influenced by the interplay between the chiral polarization of the pump light and the inherent chirality of the MOF nanoparticles. We further present the design of a chiral vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), comprising an L/D-<jats:italic>ZIF</jats:italic><jats:italic>⊃</jats:italic><jats:italic>dyes</jats:italic> solid-state film sandwiched between a high-reflectivity distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror and a silver film. The cavity-based lasing exhibits higher asymmetry between emitting left-handed and right-handed polarized light compared to chiral spontaneous emission (SE) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), with an asymmetry value <jats:italic>g</jats:italic><jats:sub> <jats:italic>lum</jats:italic> </jats:sub> of approximately ±0.31. This value is nearly four-fold greater than that of SE and twice that of ASE. Our findings reveal a new approach to amplify chiral signals, promoting the comprehension and application of chiral–matter interactions, and offering a simple yet effective strategy to fabricate chiral lasers.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenxin Wang, Alexey V. Krasavin, Chenxinyu Pan, Junsheng Zheng, Zhiyong Li, Xin Guo, Anatoly V. Zayats, Limin Tong, Pan Wang
Ultrathin plasmonic nanostructures offer an unparalleled opportunity for the study of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and realization of compact nanophotonic devices. In this study, we introduce an ultrathin gold nanoribbon array and demonstrate an electric approach to actively tuning its plasmonic resonance, which leveraging the extreme light confinement capability in the ultrathin plasmonic nanostructure and a robust nanoscale electro-optical effect in indium tin oxide. Optimizing the design (to a total thickness as small as 12 nm for a 2-nm-thick gold nanoribbon array), we numerically demonstrate a spectral shift in the plasmonic resonance up to 36 nm along with an approximately 16% change in the transmission at a gate voltage below 1.7 V at the wavelength of 1.47 μm. This work presents progress towards electric tuning of plasmonic resonances in ultrathin metallic nanostructures for various applications including surface-enhanced spectroscopy, spontaneous emission enhancement, and optical modulation.
{"title":"Electric tuning of plasmonic resonances in ultrathin gold nanoribbon arrays","authors":"Zhenxin Wang, Alexey V. Krasavin, Chenxinyu Pan, Junsheng Zheng, Zhiyong Li, Xin Guo, Anatoly V. Zayats, Limin Tong, Pan Wang","doi":"10.1364/prj.522533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.522533","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrathin plasmonic nanostructures offer an unparalleled opportunity for the study of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and realization of compact nanophotonic devices. In this study, we introduce an ultrathin gold nanoribbon array and demonstrate an electric approach to actively tuning its plasmonic resonance, which leveraging the extreme light confinement capability in the ultrathin plasmonic nanostructure and a robust nanoscale electro-optical effect in indium tin oxide. Optimizing the design (to a total thickness as small as 12 nm for a 2-nm-thick gold nanoribbon array), we numerically demonstrate a spectral shift in the plasmonic resonance up to 36 nm along with an approximately 16% change in the transmission at a gate voltage below 1.7 V at the wavelength of 1.47 μm. This work presents progress towards electric tuning of plasmonic resonances in ultrathin metallic nanostructures for various applications including surface-enhanced spectroscopy, spontaneous emission enhancement, and optical modulation.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An integrated photonic circuit architecture to perform a modified-convolution operation based on the discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT) is introduced. This is accomplished by utilizing two nonuniformly coupled waveguide lattices with equally spaced eigenmode spectra, the lengths of which are chosen so that the DFrFT and its inverse operations are achieved. A programmable modulator array is interlaced so that the required fractional convolution operation is performed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed architecture can effectively perform smoothing and edge detection tasks even for noisy input signals, which is further verified by electromagnetic wave simulations. Notably, mild lattice defects do not jeopardize the architecture performance, showing its resilience to manufacturing errors.
{"title":"Integrated photonic fractional convolution accelerator","authors":"Kevin Zelaya, Mohammed-Ali Miri","doi":"10.1364/prj.517491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.517491","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated photonic circuit architecture to perform a modified-convolution operation based on the discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT) is introduced. This is accomplished by utilizing two nonuniformly coupled waveguide lattices with equally spaced eigenmode spectra, the lengths of which are chosen so that the DFrFT and its inverse operations are achieved. A programmable modulator array is interlaced so that the required fractional convolution operation is performed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed architecture can effectively perform smoothing and edge detection tasks even for noisy input signals, which is further verified by electromagnetic wave simulations. Notably, mild lattice defects do not jeopardize the architecture performance, showing its resilience to manufacturing errors.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photonic integrated circuits are emerging as a promising platform for accelerating matrix multiplications in deep learning, leveraging the inherent parallel nature of light. Although various schemes have been proposed and demonstrated to realize such photonic matrix accelerators, the in situ training of artificial neural networks using photonic accelerators remains challenging due to the difficulty of direct on-chip backpropagation on a photonic chip. In this work, we propose a silicon microring resonator (MRR) optical crossbar array with a symmetric structure that allows for simple on-chip backpropagation, potentially enabling the acceleration of both the inference and training phases of deep learning. We demonstrate a 4×4 circuit on a Si-on-insulator platform and use it to perform inference tasks of a simple neural network for classifying iris flowers, achieving a classification accuracy of 93.3%. Subsequently, we train the neural network using simulated on-chip backpropagation and achieve an accuracy of 91.1% in the same inference task after training. Furthermore, we simulate a convolutional neural network for handwritten digit recognition, using a 9×9 MRR crossbar array to perform the convolution operations. This work contributes to the realization of compact and energy-efficient photonic accelerators for deep learning.
{"title":"Symmetric silicon microring resonator optical crossbar array for accelerated inference and training in deep learning","authors":"Rui Tang, Shuhei Ohno, Ken Tanizawa, Kazuhiro Ikeda, Makoto Okano, Kasidit Toprasertpong, Shinichi Takagi, Mitsuru Takenaka","doi":"10.1364/prj.520518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.520518","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic integrated circuits are emerging as a promising platform for accelerating matrix multiplications in deep learning, leveraging the inherent parallel nature of light. Although various schemes have been proposed and demonstrated to realize such photonic matrix accelerators, the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ</jats:italic> training of artificial neural networks using photonic accelerators remains challenging due to the difficulty of direct on-chip backpropagation on a photonic chip. In this work, we propose a silicon microring resonator (MRR) optical crossbar array with a symmetric structure that allows for simple on-chip backpropagation, potentially enabling the acceleration of both the inference and training phases of deep learning. We demonstrate a 4×4 circuit on a Si-on-insulator platform and use it to perform inference tasks of a simple neural network for classifying iris flowers, achieving a classification accuracy of 93.3%. Subsequently, we train the neural network using simulated on-chip backpropagation and achieve an accuracy of 91.1% in the same inference task after training. Furthermore, we simulate a convolutional neural network for handwritten digit recognition, using a 9×9 MRR crossbar array to perform the convolution operations. This work contributes to the realization of compact and energy-efficient photonic accelerators for deep learning.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinrui Zhu, Yaowen Hu, Shengyuan Lu, Hana K. Warner, Xudong Li, Yunxiang Song, Letícia Magalhães, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Andrea Cordaro, Neil Sinclair, Marko Lončar
The recent emergence of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has extended the landscape of integrated photonics. This has been enabled by the commercialization of TFLN wafers and advanced nanofabrication of TFLN such as high-quality dry etching. However, fabrication imperfections still limit the propagation loss to a few dB/m, restricting the impact of this platform. Here, we demonstrate TFLN microresonators with a record-high intrinsic quality (Q) factor of twenty-nine million, corresponding to an ultra-low propagation loss of 1.3 dB/m. We present spectral analysis and the statistical distribution of Q factors across different resonator geometries. Our work pushes the fabrication limits of TFLN photonics to achieve a Q factor within 1 order of magnitude of the material limit.
{"title":"Twenty-nine million intrinsic Q-factor monolithic microresonators on thin-film lithium niobate","authors":"Xinrui Zhu, Yaowen Hu, Shengyuan Lu, Hana K. Warner, Xudong Li, Yunxiang Song, Letícia Magalhães, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Andrea Cordaro, Neil Sinclair, Marko Lončar","doi":"10.1364/prj.521172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.521172","url":null,"abstract":"The recent emergence of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has extended the landscape of integrated photonics. This has been enabled by the commercialization of TFLN wafers and advanced nanofabrication of TFLN such as high-quality dry etching. However, fabrication imperfections still limit the propagation loss to a few dB/m, restricting the impact of this platform. Here, we demonstrate TFLN microresonators with a record-high intrinsic quality (<jats:italic>Q</jats:italic>) factor of twenty-nine million, corresponding to an ultra-low propagation loss of 1.3 dB/m. We present spectral analysis and the statistical distribution of <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> factors across different resonator geometries. Our work pushes the fabrication limits of TFLN photonics to achieve a <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> factor within 1 order of magnitude of the material limit.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandro C. Oliveira, Maria S. Soares, Bárbara V. Gonçalves, Andreia C. M. Rodrigues, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Rita G. Sobral, Nuno F. Santos, Jan Nedoma, Pedro L. Almeida, Carlos Marques
The consumption of contaminated food may cause serious illnesses, and traditional methods to detect Escherichia coli are still associated with long waiting times and high costs given the necessity to transport samples to specialized laboratories. There is a need to develop new technologies that allow cheap, fast, and direct monitoring at the site of interest. Thus, in this work, we developed optical immunosensors for the selective detection of E. coli, based on liquid crystal technology, whose molecules can align in different manners depending on the boundary conditions (such as substrates) as well as the environment that they experience. Each glass substrate was functionalized with anti-E. coli antibody using cysteamine as an intermediate, and a vertical alignment was imposed on the liquid crystal molecules by using DMOAP during functionalization. The presence of bacteria disrupts the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, changing the intensity of light emerging between cross polarizers, measured using a polarized optical microscope and a monochromator. It was possible to detect E. coli in suspensions in the concentration range from 2.8 cells/mL to 2.8×109 cells/mL. Selectivity was also evaluated, and the sensors were used to analyze contaminated water samples. A prototype was developed to allow faster, in-situ, and easier analysis avoiding bulky instruments.
{"title":"Liquid crystal immunosensors for the selective detection of Escherichia coli with a fast analysis tool","authors":"Sandro C. Oliveira, Maria S. Soares, Bárbara V. Gonçalves, Andreia C. M. Rodrigues, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Rita G. Sobral, Nuno F. Santos, Jan Nedoma, Pedro L. Almeida, Carlos Marques","doi":"10.1364/prj.524660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.524660","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of contaminated food may cause serious illnesses, and traditional methods to detect <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli</jats:italic> are still associated with long waiting times and high costs given the necessity to transport samples to specialized laboratories. There is a need to develop new technologies that allow cheap, fast, and direct monitoring at the site of interest. Thus, in this work, we developed optical immunosensors for the selective detection of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli</jats:italic>, based on liquid crystal technology, whose molecules can align in different manners depending on the boundary conditions (such as substrates) as well as the environment that they experience. Each glass substrate was functionalized with anti-<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli</jats:italic> antibody using cysteamine as an intermediate, and a vertical alignment was imposed on the liquid crystal molecules by using DMOAP during functionalization. The presence of bacteria disrupts the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, changing the intensity of light emerging between cross polarizers, measured using a polarized optical microscope and a monochromator. It was possible to detect <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli</jats:italic> in suspensions in the concentration range from 2.8 cells/mL to 2.8×10<jats:sup>9</jats:sup> cells/<jats:italic>mL</jats:italic>. Selectivity was also evaluated, and the sensors were used to analyze contaminated water samples. A prototype was developed to allow faster, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in-situ</jats:italic>, and easier analysis avoiding bulky instruments.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polarization holography has been extensively applied in many fields, such as optical science, metrology, and biochemistry, due to its property of polarization modulation. However, the modulated polarization state of diffracted light corresponds strictly to that of incident light one by one. Here, a kind of tunable polarization holographic grating has been designed in terms of Jones matrices, and intensity-based polarization manipulation has been realized experimentally. The proposed tunable polarization holographic grating is recorded on an azobenzene liquid-crystalline film by a pair of coherent light beams with orthogonal polarization states and asymmetrically controlled intensities. It is found that the diffracted light can be actively manipulated from linearly to circularly polarized based on the light intensity of the recording holographic field when the polarization state of incident light keeps constant. Our work could enrich the field of light manipulation and holography.
{"title":"Tunable polarization holographic gratings obtained by varying the ratio of intensities of the recording beams","authors":"Hong Chen, Ziyao Lyu, and Changshun Wang","doi":"10.1364/prj.502730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.502730","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization holography has been extensively applied in many fields, such as optical science, metrology, and biochemistry, due to its property of polarization modulation. However, the modulated polarization state of diffracted light corresponds strictly to that of incident light one by one. Here, a kind of tunable polarization holographic grating has been designed in terms of Jones matrices, and intensity-based polarization manipulation has been realized experimentally. The proposed tunable polarization holographic grating is recorded on an azobenzene liquid-crystalline film by a pair of coherent light beams with orthogonal polarization states and asymmetrically controlled intensities. It is found that the diffracted light can be actively manipulated from linearly to circularly polarized based on the light intensity of the recording holographic field when the polarization state of incident light keeps constant. Our work could enrich the field of light manipulation and holography.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong-Qiang Liu, Yong Zhu, Hongcheng Yin, Jinhai Sun, Yan Wang, and Yongxing Che
Controlling the dispersion characteristic of metasurfaces (or metalenses) along a broad bandwidth is of great importance to develop high-performance broadband metadevices. Different from traditional lenses that rely on the material refractive index along the light trajectory, metasurfaces or metalenses provide a new regime of dispersion control via a sub-wavelength metastructure, which is known as negative chromatic dispersion. However, broadband metalenses design with high-performance focusing especially with a reduced device dimension is a significant challenge in society. Here, we design, fabricate, and demonstrate a broadband high-performance diffractive-type plasmonic metalens based on a circular split-ring resonator metasurface with a relative working bandwidth of 28.6%. The metalens thickness is only 0.09λ0 (λ0 is at the central wavelength), which is much thinner than previous broadband all-dielectric metalenses. The full-wave simulation results show that both high transmissive efficiency above 80% (the maximum is even above 90%) and high average focusing efficiency above 45% (the maximum is 56%) are achieved within the entire working bandwidth of 9–12 GHz. Moreover, an average high numerical aperture of 0.7 (NA=0.7) of high-efficiency microwave metalens is obtained in the simulations. The broadband high-performance metalens is also fabricated and experimental measurements verify its much higher average focusing efficiency of 55% (the maximum is above 65% within the broad bandwidth) and a moderate high NA of 0.6. The proposed plasmonic metalens can facilitate the development of wavelength-dependent broadband diffractive devices and is also meaningful to further studies on arbitrary dispersion control in diffractive optics based on plasmonic metasurfaces.
{"title":"Broadband high-efficiency plasmonic metalens with negative dispersion characteristic","authors":"Yong-Qiang Liu, Yong Zhu, Hongcheng Yin, Jinhai Sun, Yan Wang, and Yongxing Che","doi":"10.1364/prj.513990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.513990","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling the dispersion characteristic of metasurfaces (or metalenses) along a broad bandwidth is of great importance to develop high-performance broadband metadevices. Different from traditional lenses that rely on the material refractive index along the light trajectory, metasurfaces or metalenses provide a new regime of dispersion control via a sub-wavelength metastructure, which is known as negative chromatic dispersion. However, broadband metalenses design with high-performance focusing especially with a reduced device dimension is a significant challenge in society. Here, we design, fabricate, and demonstrate a broadband high-performance diffractive-type plasmonic metalens based on a circular split-ring resonator metasurface with a relative working bandwidth of 28.6%. The metalens thickness is only <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>0.09</span><span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.05em;\">λ</span><span style=\"vertical-align: -0.4em;\">0</span></span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mn>0.09</mn><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></script></span> (<span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span><span style=\"margin-right: 0.05em;\">λ</span><span style=\"vertical-align: -0.4em;\">0</span></span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></script></span> is at the central wavelength), which is much thinner than previous broadband all-dielectric metalenses. The full-wave simulation results show that both high transmissive efficiency above 80% (the maximum is even above 90%) and high average focusing efficiency above 45% (the maximum is 56%) are achieved within the entire working bandwidth of 9–12 GHz. Moreover, an average high numerical aperture of 0.7 (<span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span>NA</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.333em; margin-right: 0.333em;\">=</span><span>0.7</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>NA</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.7</mn></mrow></math></script></span>) of high-efficiency microwave metalens is obtained in the simulations. The broadband high-performance metalens is also fabricated and experimental measurements verify its much higher average focusing efficiency of 55% (the maximum is above 65% within the broad bandwidth) and a moderate high NA of 0.6. The proposed plasmonic metalens can facilitate the development of wavelength-dependent broadband diffractive devices and is also meaningful to further studies on arbitrary dispersion control in diffractive optics based on plasmonic metasurfaces.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Shi, Yingchuan He, Jianlin Wang, Lulu Zhou, Jianwei Chen, Liwei Zhou, Zeyu Xi, Zhen Wang, Ke Fang, and Yiming Li
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) enables three-dimensional (3D) investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples, offering unique insights into their organization. However, traditional 3D super-resolution microscopy using high numerical aperture (NA) objectives is limited by imaging depth of field (DOF), restricting their practical application to relatively thin biological samples. Here, we developed a unified solution for thick sample super-resolution imaging using a deformable mirror (DM) which served for fast remote focusing, optimized point spread function (PSF) engineering, and accurate aberration correction. By effectively correcting the system aberrations introduced during remote focusing and sample aberrations at different imaging depths, we achieved high-accuracy, large DOF imaging (∼8μm) of the whole-cell organelles [i.e., nuclear pore complex (NPC), microtubules, and mitochondria] with a nearly uniform resolution of approximately 35 nm across the entire cellular volume.
{"title":"Aberration correction for deformable-mirror-based remote focusing enables high-accuracy whole-cell super-resolution imaging","authors":"Wei Shi, Yingchuan He, Jianlin Wang, Lulu Zhou, Jianwei Chen, Liwei Zhou, Zeyu Xi, Zhen Wang, Ke Fang, and Yiming Li","doi":"10.1364/prj.514414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.514414","url":null,"abstract":"Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) enables three-dimensional (3D) investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples, offering unique insights into their organization. However, traditional 3D super-resolution microscopy using high numerical aperture (NA) objectives is limited by imaging depth of field (DOF), restricting their practical application to relatively thin biological samples. Here, we developed a unified solution for thick sample super-resolution imaging using a deformable mirror (DM) which served for fast remote focusing, optimized point spread function (PSF) engineering, and accurate aberration correction. By effectively correcting the system aberrations introduced during remote focusing and sample aberrations at different imaging depths, we achieved high-accuracy, large DOF imaging (<span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span style=\"margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em;\">∼</span><span>8</span><span> </span><span>μm</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math display=\"inline\"><mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">∼</mo><mn>8</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi>μm</mi></mrow></math></script></span>) of the whole-cell organelles [i.e., nuclear pore complex (NPC), microtubules, and mitochondria] with a nearly uniform resolution of approximately 35 nm across the entire cellular volume.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiarui Li, Taoran Le, Hongyuan Zhang, Haoyun Wei, and Yan Li
Brillouin microscopy, which maps the elastic modulus from the frequency shift of scattered light, has evolved to a faster speed for the investigation of rapid biomechanical changes. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) spectroscopy has the potential to speed up measurement through the resonant amplification interaction from pulsed excitation and time-domain continuous detection. However, significant progress has not been achieved due to the limitation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the corresponding need for excessive averaging to maintain high spectral precision. Moreover, the limited spatial resolution also hinders its application in mechanical imaging. Here, by scrutinizing the SNR model, we design a high-speed ISBS microscope through multi-parameter optimization including phase, reference power, and acquisition time. Leveraging this, with the further assistance of the Matrix Pencil method for data processing, three-dimensional mechanical images are mapped under multiple contrast mechanisms for a millimeter-scale polydimethylsiloxane pattern immersed in methanol, enabling the identification of these two transparent materials without any contact or labeling. Our experimental results demonstrate the capability to maintain high spectral precision and resolution at a sub-millisecond integration time for one pixel. With a two-order improvement in the speed and a tenfold improvement in the spatial resolution over the state-of-the-art systems, this method makes it possible for ISBS microscopes to sensitively investigate rapid mechanical changes in time and space.
{"title":"High-speed impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy","authors":"Jiarui Li, Taoran Le, Hongyuan Zhang, Haoyun Wei, and Yan Li","doi":"10.1364/prj.509922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.509922","url":null,"abstract":"Brillouin microscopy, which maps the elastic modulus from the frequency shift of scattered light, has evolved to a faster speed for the investigation of rapid biomechanical changes. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) spectroscopy has the potential to speed up measurement through the resonant amplification interaction from pulsed excitation and time-domain continuous detection. However, significant progress has not been achieved due to the limitation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the corresponding need for excessive averaging to maintain high spectral precision. Moreover, the limited spatial resolution also hinders its application in mechanical imaging. Here, by scrutinizing the SNR model, we design a high-speed ISBS microscope through multi-parameter optimization including phase, reference power, and acquisition time. Leveraging this, with the further assistance of the Matrix Pencil method for data processing, three-dimensional mechanical images are mapped under multiple contrast mechanisms for a millimeter-scale polydimethylsiloxane pattern immersed in methanol, enabling the identification of these two transparent materials without any contact or labeling. Our experimental results demonstrate the capability to maintain high spectral precision and resolution at a sub-millisecond integration time for one pixel. With a two-order improvement in the speed and a tenfold improvement in the spatial resolution over the state-of-the-art systems, this method makes it possible for ISBS microscopes to sensitively investigate rapid mechanical changes in time and space.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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