Nicole Pereira, Kathryn R. Hales, Andrew Mead, Lauren H. K. Chappell, Guy C. Barker, John P. Clarkson
Carrot is a major root vegetable crop grown in many parts of the world. In Europe, cavity spot disease continues to have a major impact on marketable yield. The disease is caused by several Pythium spp., with P. violae the main pathogen in the UK and results in small black lesions on mature carrot roots. The lack of reliable inoculation methods for these Pythium pathogens has, for many years, hampered the identification of new effective crop protection products or carrot varieties that are resistant to the disease. In this research, inoculation methods were developed for P. violae using mycelium or oospores, each of which successfully induced typical cavity spot symptoms in both pot‐ and field‐grown carrots as well as consistent root stunting in the former. These methods were also used to successfully identify carrot cultivars with resistance to cavity spot and confirmed the efficacy of the fungicide metalaxyl‐M against the disease. Results therefore demonstrated that the inoculation methods should be reliable for identifying the efficacy of crop protection products, assessing cavity spot resistance and for further studies investigating the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen.
胡萝卜是世界上许多地方种植的主要根菜作物。在欧洲，穴斑病继续对市场产量产生重大影响。这种病是由几种腐霉菌属引起的，在英国主要病原体是P. violae，其结果是在成熟的胡萝卜根部出现小的黑色病斑。多年来，由于缺乏针对这些白粉病病原体的可靠接种方法，阻碍了新的有效作物保护产品或抗病胡萝卜品种的鉴定。在这项研究中，开发了利用菌丝体或卵孢子接种 P. violae 的方法，每种方法都能成功诱导盆栽和田间种植的胡萝卜出现典型的穴斑症状，并使前者的根部持续发育不良。还利用这些方法成功鉴定了对空穴病有抗性的胡萝卜栽培品种，并确认了杀菌剂 metalaxyl-M 对该病的药效。因此，研究结果表明，接种方法对于确定作物保护产品的功效、评估穴斑病抗性以及进一步研究病原体的生物学和流行病学都是可靠的。
{"title":"Development of inoculation methods for Pythium violae to evaluate resistance of carrot cultivars and efficacy of crop protection products for cavity spot control","authors":"Nicole Pereira, Kathryn R. Hales, Andrew Mead, Lauren H. K. Chappell, Guy C. Barker, John P. Clarkson","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13967","url":null,"abstract":"Carrot is a major root vegetable crop grown in many parts of the world. In Europe, cavity spot disease continues to have a major impact on marketable yield. The disease is caused by several <jats:italic>Pythium</jats:italic> spp., with <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>violae</jats:italic> the main pathogen in the UK and results in small black lesions on mature carrot roots. The lack of reliable inoculation methods for these <jats:italic>Pythium</jats:italic> pathogens has, for many years, hampered the identification of new effective crop protection products or carrot varieties that are resistant to the disease. In this research, inoculation methods were developed for <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>violae</jats:italic> using mycelium or oospores, each of which successfully induced typical cavity spot symptoms in both pot‐ and field‐grown carrots as well as consistent root stunting in the former. These methods were also used to successfully identify carrot cultivars with resistance to cavity spot and confirmed the efficacy of the fungicide metalaxyl‐M against the disease. Results therefore demonstrated that the inoculation methods should be reliable for identifying the efficacy of crop protection products, assessing cavity spot resistance and for further studies investigating the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giorgio Gusella, Ana López‐Moral, Begoña I. Antón‐Domínguez, Carlos Trapero, Giancarlo Polizzi, Antonio Trapero, Themis J. Michailides, Carlos Agustí‐Brisach
In the Mediterranean Basin, the pistachio crop is considered an emerging nut crop due to the dependence of the European nut markets on international imports. Consequently, the extension and intensification of pistachio production to nontraditional growing areas has promoted both classic and emerging diseases of this nut tree, which are limiting factors in crop production. Due to the limited interest in pistachio crops, the aetiology and epidemiology of the main pistachio diseases are poorly studied. Thus, this review summarizes the state of pistachio disease research, with particular attention given to the Mediterranean area. The information reported here is based not only on the literature, but also the advancement of our research on pistachio diseases conducted in both Italy and Spain. We describe the main fungal diseases of the tree canopy in Mediterranean countries, such as Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight, Septoria leaf spot, and stem, branch and trunk canker diseases, followed by the main soilborne diseases. In addition, we review minor and/or sporadic fungal diseases originating in not only the Mediterranean, but also other pistachio‐producing countries. Another section is dedicated to other diseases caused by bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses and nematodes. Finally, we summarize the main control strategies adopted in Mediterranean Basin countries against pistachio diseases.
{"title":"Current status of pistachio diseases in countries of the Mediterranean Basin","authors":"Giorgio Gusella, Ana López‐Moral, Begoña I. Antón‐Domínguez, Carlos Trapero, Giancarlo Polizzi, Antonio Trapero, Themis J. Michailides, Carlos Agustí‐Brisach","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13962","url":null,"abstract":"In the Mediterranean Basin, the pistachio crop is considered an emerging nut crop due to the dependence of the European nut markets on international imports. Consequently, the extension and intensification of pistachio production to nontraditional growing areas has promoted both classic and emerging diseases of this nut tree, which are limiting factors in crop production. Due to the limited interest in pistachio crops, the aetiology and epidemiology of the main pistachio diseases are poorly studied. Thus, this review summarizes the state of pistachio disease research, with particular attention given to the Mediterranean area. The information reported here is based not only on the literature, but also the advancement of our research on pistachio diseases conducted in both Italy and Spain. We describe the main fungal diseases of the tree canopy in Mediterranean countries, such as Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight, Septoria leaf spot, and stem, branch and trunk canker diseases, followed by the main soilborne diseases. In addition, we review minor and/or sporadic fungal diseases originating in not only the Mediterranean, but also other pistachio‐producing countries. Another section is dedicated to other diseases caused by bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses and nematodes. Finally, we summarize the main control strategies adopted in Mediterranean Basin countries against pistachio diseases.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rikky Rai, Kayla M. Vittore, Julius Pasion, Maria L. Malvino, Jonathan D. Mason, Qiong Liu, Salisu Sulley, Mohammad Babadoost, Julian M. Catchen, Sarah R. Hind
Bacterial spot disease of cucurbits, caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae, is a major problem in cucurbit‐growing areas worldwide. In the Midwestern region of the United States, pumpkin and squash fields can have greater than 90% infected fruits, leading to high yield losses. While reference genomes are available for this bacterial species, the genetic diversity between different strains and populations is unknown. After performing restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) analysis of X. cucurbitae isolates collected from the Midwestern region, we selected five representative isolates for further characterization, which included whole‐genome sequencing and in vitro enzyme and in planta virulence assays. Our results suggest that minimal genetic diversity exists between these isolates, and that the isolates have differential virulence on different cucurbit host plants. This study contributes to our understanding of X. cucurbitae population dynamics in the Midwestern region and may assist with developing additional management strategies for controlling bacterial spot disease of cucurbits.
{"title":"Comparative genomics of Xanthomonas cucurbitae isolates collected from Midwestern United States pumpkin fields","authors":"Rikky Rai, Kayla M. Vittore, Julius Pasion, Maria L. Malvino, Jonathan D. Mason, Qiong Liu, Salisu Sulley, Mohammad Babadoost, Julian M. Catchen, Sarah R. Hind","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13965","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial spot disease of cucurbits, caused by <jats:italic>Xanthomonas cucurbitae</jats:italic>, is a major problem in cucurbit‐growing areas worldwide. In the Midwestern region of the United States, pumpkin and squash fields can have greater than 90% infected fruits, leading to high yield losses. While reference genomes are available for this bacterial species, the genetic diversity between different strains and populations is unknown. After performing restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) analysis of <jats:italic>X</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cucurbitae</jats:italic> isolates collected from the Midwestern region, we selected five representative isolates for further characterization, which included whole‐genome sequencing and in vitro enzyme and in planta virulence assays. Our results suggest that minimal genetic diversity exists between these isolates, and that the isolates have differential virulence on different cucurbit host plants. This study contributes to our understanding of <jats:italic>X</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cucurbitae</jats:italic> population dynamics in the Midwestern region and may assist with developing additional management strategies for controlling bacterial spot disease of cucurbits.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1998.tb00001.x
A Sharma, A Murayama, T Osaki, M Ikegami
The DNA forms of a tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) isolate, from infected tomato in Japan were characterized. Probes specific to TLCV and tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) from Thailand detected virus‐specific single‐ and double‐stranded DNA equivalent to DNA A of the bipartite geminiviruses. Hybridization analysis and polymerase chain reaction failed to detect a DNA B. In addition to the genomic DNA, defective DNA molecules of approximately half genome length were detected, which were cloned at a unique HpaII site present in the conserved stem‐loop region. Analysis of the partial sequence of 20 independent clones of defective DNA demonstrated their origin from a DNA Alike component. The clone pTLSG 2 was sequenced completely, indicating a large deletion near the coat protein gene and several rearrangements in the replication‐associated protein (AC1) and the intergenic region (IR). This is a novel finding characterizing TLCV at the molecular level, from which it can be predicted as a distinct geminivirus possessing a single genomic component. Furthermore, in infected tomatoes, large amounts of a defective DNA accumulate that have retained cis‐elements essential for replication.
对从日本受感染的番茄中分离出的烟草卷叶病毒（TLCV）的DNA形式进行了鉴定。来自泰国的烟草卷叶病毒和番茄黄卷叶 geminivirus（TYLCV）的特异性探针检测到了病毒特异性单链和双链 DNA，相当于双链 geminivirus 的 DNA A。杂交分析和聚合酶链反应均未能检测到 DNA B。除了基因组 DNA 外，还检测到约为基因组一半长度的缺陷 DNA 分子，这些分子克隆于保守的茎环区域中的一个独特的 HpaII 位点。对 20 个独立克隆缺陷 DNA 的部分序列分析表明，它们来自 DNA Alike 成分。对克隆 pTLSG 2 进行了完整测序，结果表明在衣壳蛋白基因附近有大量缺失，复制相关蛋白（AC1）和基因间区（IR）也有一些重排。这是在分子水平上描述 TLCV 特性的新发现，由此可以推测它是一种拥有单一基因组成分的独特 geminivirus。此外，在受感染的番茄中，积累了大量有缺陷的 DNA，这些 DNA 保留了复制所必需的顺式元件。
{"title":"Characterization of virus‐specific DNA forms from tomato tissues infected by tobacco leaf curl virus: evidence for a single genomic component producing defective DNA molecules","authors":"A Sharma, A Murayama, T Osaki, M Ikegami","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3059.1998.tb00001.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1998.tb00001.x","url":null,"abstract":"The DNA forms of a tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) isolate, from infected tomato in Japan were characterized. Probes specific to TLCV and tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) from Thailand detected virus‐specific single‐ and double‐stranded DNA equivalent to DNA A of the bipartite geminiviruses. Hybridization analysis and polymerase chain reaction failed to detect a DNA B. In addition to the genomic DNA, defective DNA molecules of approximately half genome length were detected, which were cloned at a unique <jats:italic>Hpa</jats:italic>II site present in the conserved stem‐loop region. Analysis of the partial sequence of 20 independent clones of defective DNA demonstrated their origin from a DNA Alike component. The clone pTLSG 2 was sequenced completely, indicating a large deletion near the coat protein gene and several rearrangements in the replication‐associated protein (AC1) and the intergenic region (IR). This is a novel finding characterizing TLCV at the molecular level, from which it can be predicted as a distinct geminivirus possessing a single genomic component. Furthermore, in infected tomatoes, large amounts of a defective DNA accumulate that have retained <jats:italic>cis</jats:italic>‐elements essential for replication.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1998.tb00002.x
D Bourdin, J. Rouzé, S. Tanguy, Y. Robert
Fifteen clones of Myzus persicae (Mp) and two of Myzus nicotianae (Mn) were used to assess the aphid transmission of two isolates of PLRV characterized as highly (HAT) and poorly (PAT) transmissible. Experiments conducted tinder controlled conditions showed that the HAT isolate was very efficiently transmitted by all the clones tested. In contrast, an important aphid clonal effect was observed with the PAT isolate, with mean transmission rates by 15 clones being low (0‐26%) and by the two others much higher (57 and 71%). Transmission values for each clone were shown to be stable over time and independent of the kind of source plant used for acquisition, either infected Physalis floridana plants propagated by cuttings or grown from seedlings previously inoculated by aphids. These results lead to the conclusion that poor transmissibility cannot be related to intrinsic properties of either the viral particles or the aphid clones on their own: the transmission process and its specificity depend on interactions between both parameters.
{"title":"Variation among clones of Myzus persicae and Myzus nicotianae in the transmission of a poorly and a highly aphid‐transmissible isolate of potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV)","authors":"D Bourdin, J. Rouzé, S. Tanguy, Y. Robert","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3059.1998.tb00002.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1998.tb00002.x","url":null,"abstract":"Fifteen clones of <jats:italic>Myzus persicae</jats:italic> (Mp) and two of <jats:italic>Myzus nicotianae</jats:italic> (Mn) were used to assess the aphid transmission of two isolates of PLRV characterized as highly (HAT) and poorly (PAT) transmissible. Experiments conducted tinder controlled conditions showed that the HAT isolate was very efficiently transmitted by all the clones tested. In contrast, an important aphid clonal effect was observed with the PAT isolate, with mean transmission rates by 15 clones being low (0‐26%) and by the two others much higher (57 and 71%). Transmission values for each clone were shown to be stable over time and independent of the kind of source plant used for acquisition, either infected <jats:italic>Physalis floridana</jats:italic> plants propagated by cuttings or grown from seedlings previously inoculated by aphids. These results lead to the conclusion that poor transmissibility cannot be related to intrinsic properties of either the viral particles or the aphid clones on their own: the transmission process and its specificity depend on interactions between both parameters.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Xu, Lixin Ma, Ruiyun Zhou, Chen Wang, Junwen Bai, Li Sun, Jianrong Cai
Huanglongbing (HLB) is caused by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and is spread by citrus psyllids. It is a highly damaging and infectious disease of citrus for which there is no reliable treatment. Timely detection and removal of diseased trees is an effective strategy to control HLB. Various citrus cultivars infected with HLB exhibit distinct symptoms, posing a challenge to generalize HLB detection methods across multiple cultivars. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HLB‐infected leaves from cultivars grown in different regions were comprehensively analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS), aiming to establish a new generalized HLB detection method applicable to a range of citrus cultivars. The changes in VOCs were analysed in leaves of four citrus cultivars after infection with HLB. The results showed that there was a similar response to HLB infection in different citrus cultivars, and this response was reflected in both the concentration and type of VOCs. By combining GC‐MS and GC‐IMS with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model, the accurate identification of the HLB infection status of different citrus cultivars was achieved, with the prediction indices reaching 0.994 for GC‐MS and 0.972 for GC‐IMS. In addition, 27 compounds were identified that were significantly different between citrus cultivars affected by HLB and healthy plants. This study provides valuable insights into the changes in VOCs in citrus cultivars after HLB infection and lays the theoretical foundation for VOC‐based HLB detection strategies.
{"title":"Detection of huanglongbing infection in citrus using compositional analysis of volatile organic compounds","authors":"Qian Xu, Lixin Ma, Ruiyun Zhou, Chen Wang, Junwen Bai, Li Sun, Jianrong Cai","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13964","url":null,"abstract":"Huanglongbing (HLB) is caused by “<jats:italic>Candidatus</jats:italic> Liberibacter asiaticus” and is spread by citrus psyllids. It is a highly damaging and infectious disease of citrus for which there is no reliable treatment. Timely detection and removal of diseased trees is an effective strategy to control HLB. Various citrus cultivars infected with HLB exhibit distinct symptoms, posing a challenge to generalize HLB detection methods across multiple cultivars. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HLB‐infected leaves from cultivars grown in different regions were comprehensively analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS), aiming to establish a new generalized HLB detection method applicable to a range of citrus cultivars. The changes in VOCs were analysed in leaves of four citrus cultivars after infection with HLB. The results showed that there was a similar response to HLB infection in different citrus cultivars, and this response was reflected in both the concentration and type of VOCs. By combining GC‐MS and GC‐IMS with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model, the accurate identification of the HLB infection status of different citrus cultivars was achieved, with the prediction indices reaching 0.994 for GC‐MS and 0.972 for GC‐IMS. In addition, 27 compounds were identified that were significantly different between citrus cultivars affected by HLB and healthy plants. This study provides valuable insights into the changes in VOCs in citrus cultivars after HLB infection and lays the theoretical foundation for VOC‐based HLB detection strategies.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liting Luo, Mehran Khan, Songshu Chen, Fen Wang, Xin Xie
Early diagnosis has a pivotal role in the effective control and prevention of disease in fruit crops. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a prominent modality for disease diagnosis owing to its rapid detection, heightened sensitivity, exceptional specificity and easy operational procedures. The advent of LAMP‐coupled CRISPR‐Cas12, multiplex LAMP (mLAMP) and digital LAMP (dLAMP) has contributed to a paradigm shift in the field and increased the applicability of LAMP technology in viral disease detection. Such advancements have further extended the reach and efficacy of LAMP methodologies in diagnostic research. Here, we review LAMP detection technology application to identify viral diseases in fruits (e.g., apple, passion fruit, banana and citrus) and summarize current developments in LAMP technology and its future prospects, which could enhance its application in the detection of fruit viral diseases.
{"title":"Advancements and applications of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology in the detection of viral diseases in fruit crops","authors":"Liting Luo, Mehran Khan, Songshu Chen, Fen Wang, Xin Xie","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13961","url":null,"abstract":"Early diagnosis has a pivotal role in the effective control and prevention of disease in fruit crops. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a prominent modality for disease diagnosis owing to its rapid detection, heightened sensitivity, exceptional specificity and easy operational procedures. The advent of LAMP‐coupled CRISPR‐Cas12, multiplex LAMP (mLAMP) and digital LAMP (dLAMP) has contributed to a paradigm shift in the field and increased the applicability of LAMP technology in viral disease detection. Such advancements have further extended the reach and efficacy of LAMP methodologies in diagnostic research. Here, we review LAMP detection technology application to identify viral diseases in fruits (e.g., apple, passion fruit, banana and citrus) and summarize current developments in LAMP technology and its future prospects, which could enhance its application in the detection of fruit viral diseases.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Henrique Nunes da Silva Alves, Giovanni Carlos da SIlva Cruz, Luis Alexandre Peixoto Coelho, Adryelle Anchieta Sousa, José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro, Jorge Luis Badel
Carioca and black bean groups play a significant role in Latin American common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption, serving as excellent sources of nutrients. One of the most significant threats for common bean production is common bacterial blight (CBB), a disease caused by the gram‐negative bacteria Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli (Xpp) and Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans (Xcf). An effective method for managing this disease is the use of plant genetic resistance. However, it is not known whether the same or overlapping sets of genes are associated with resistance to both pathogens. This study aimed to identify a repertoire of genes potentially associated with resistance to Xpp and compare it with that previously reported for Xcf. Eighty carioca and black common bean cultivars that had previously been challenged with Xcf were inoculated with a strain of Xpp, and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease severity data was conducted. Three carioca and three black bean cultivars exhibited high levels of resistance to Xpp. Five SNPs with the highest −log10(p) values unveiled genes coding for diverse putative biochemical functions, including a light‐regulated Lir1 protein, a proton‐dependent oligopeptide transporter family protein, a metallo‐dependent phosphatase‐like protein, a WPP domain‐interacting tail‐anchored protein 2 and a pectin lyase‐like superfamily protein. No overlap between this repertoire of genes with that reported for Xcf was found. These findings provide important insights into genes potentially involved in the P. vulgaris resistance to Xpp and the complexity of the resistance response to CBB.
{"title":"Genes putatively involved in Phaseolus vulgaris resistance against Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli revealed by a genome‐wide association study","authors":"Francisco Henrique Nunes da Silva Alves, Giovanni Carlos da SIlva Cruz, Luis Alexandre Peixoto Coelho, Adryelle Anchieta Sousa, José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro, Jorge Luis Badel","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13963","url":null,"abstract":"Carioca and black bean groups play a significant role in Latin American common bean (<jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</jats:italic>) consumption, serving as excellent sources of nutrients. One of the most significant threats for common bean production is common bacterial blight (CBB), a disease caused by the gram‐negative bacteria <jats:italic>Xanthomonas phaseoli</jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>phaseoli</jats:italic> (Xpp) and <jats:italic>Xanthomonas citri</jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>fuscans</jats:italic> (Xcf). An effective method for managing this disease is the use of plant genetic resistance. However, it is not known whether the same or overlapping sets of genes are associated with resistance to both pathogens. This study aimed to identify a repertoire of genes potentially associated with resistance to Xpp and compare it with that previously reported for Xcf. Eighty carioca and black common bean cultivars that had previously been challenged with Xcf were inoculated with a strain of Xpp, and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease severity data was conducted. Three carioca and three black bean cultivars exhibited high levels of resistance to Xpp. Five SNPs with the highest −log<jats:sub>10</jats:sub>(<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>) values unveiled genes coding for diverse putative biochemical functions, including a light‐regulated Lir1 protein, a proton‐dependent oligopeptide transporter family protein, a metallo‐dependent phosphatase‐like protein, a WPP domain‐interacting tail‐anchored protein 2 and a pectin lyase‐like superfamily protein. No overlap between this repertoire of genes with that reported for Xcf was found. These findings provide important insights into genes potentially involved in the <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vulgaris</jats:italic> resistance to Xpp and the complexity of the resistance response to CBB.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julio Cesar Gradice Saluci, Marcelo Vivas, Rafael Nunes de Almeida, Luana Cruz Vasconcelos, Fernanda Vargas Valadares, Marcelo Serafim de Andrade Junior, Juliana Saltires Santos, Vicente Mussi‐Dias, Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior
Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by Bipolaris maydis, is an important leaf disease of popcorn. The use of resistant genotypes is the most suitable control option for this disease, but there are few sources of resistance described in popcorn germplasm for use in breeding programmes. This research aimed to identify new sources of resistance in a panel of popcorn inbred lines. A total of 184 lines were evaluated in the field twice a year for the incidence and severity of SCLB symptoms. A set of candidate lines for sources of resistance (CLSR) was selected and evaluated in a greenhouse under artificial inoculation based on joint analysis of variance and grouping of means. Data from the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), based on three symptom severity assessments, allowed the analysis of variance followed by the grouping of means. The lines presented high phenotypic variability for the incidence and severity of SCLB under field conditions, enabling the selection of lines with higher potential for resistance. The test of means for AUDPC in the greenhouse allowed the formation of five groups, with the highest resistance comprising 23 lines. This group gathered lines with resistance to SCLB, the potential for grain yield and expansion capacity, in addition to lines that stood out with satisfactory performance as parents in previous research. Twelve percent (23 lines) out of the total evaluated lines were indicated as a source of resistance to SCLB.
{"title":"Evaluation and selection of sources of resistance in popcorn to southern corn leaf blight","authors":"Julio Cesar Gradice Saluci, Marcelo Vivas, Rafael Nunes de Almeida, Luana Cruz Vasconcelos, Fernanda Vargas Valadares, Marcelo Serafim de Andrade Junior, Juliana Saltires Santos, Vicente Mussi‐Dias, Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13957","url":null,"abstract":"Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by <jats:italic>Bipolaris maydis</jats:italic>, is an important leaf disease of popcorn. The use of resistant genotypes is the most suitable control option for this disease, but there are few sources of resistance described in popcorn germplasm for use in breeding programmes. This research aimed to identify new sources of resistance in a panel of popcorn inbred lines. A total of 184 lines were evaluated in the field twice a year for the incidence and severity of SCLB symptoms. A set of candidate lines for sources of resistance (CLSR) was selected and evaluated in a greenhouse under artificial inoculation based on joint analysis of variance and grouping of means. Data from the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), based on three symptom severity assessments, allowed the analysis of variance followed by the grouping of means. The lines presented high phenotypic variability for the incidence and severity of SCLB under field conditions, enabling the selection of lines with higher potential for resistance. The test of means for AUDPC in the greenhouse allowed the formation of five groups, with the highest resistance comprising 23 lines. This group gathered lines with resistance to SCLB, the potential for grain yield and expansion capacity, in addition to lines that stood out with satisfactory performance as parents in previous research. Twelve percent (23 lines) out of the total evaluated lines were indicated as a source of resistance to SCLB.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew H. Laurence, Allison A. Mertin, Kelly Scarlett, Clara Pang, Samiya Tabassum, Michelle R. Leishman, Treena I. Burgess, David I. Guest, Brett A. Summerell
The oomycete genus Phytophthora includes plant pathogens that pose significant threats to agricultural systems, natural ecosystems and urban forests. Urban forests are increasingly recognized for their role in mitigating climate change impacts and urban greening initiatives are underway worldwide. However, research suggests that the urban forest is also a reservoir of Phytophthora diversity, acting as bridgeheads for the introduction of these pathogens into production and natural ecosystems. The source of Phytophthora in urban forests is linked to anthropogenic factors, with the live plant trade the primary pathway. This study focused on the incidence and diversity of Phytophthora in amenity tree nursery stock in eastern Australia, primarily New South Wales, with one nursery from Victoria. The findings revealed a high incidence of Phytophthora in nursery stock destined for urban greening projects, having an overall positive rate of 22.1%, with incidence in individual nurseries ranging from 2.5% to 32%. The study detected 13 described Phytophthora species that are considered polyphagous on woody hosts and three lineages that potentially represent novel species. In addition, the detection of P. mediterranea and P. heterospora represent first reports for Australia, with P. mediterranea considered a biosecurity concern. The study highlights the substantial risk associated with the live plant trade as a source of Phytophthora introduction into urban forests and beyond. These findings underscore the urgent need to strictly implement clean nursery management practices to reduce the economic and environmental risks associated with Phytophthora in urban greening programmes.
疫霉菌属包括对农业系统、自然生态系统和城市森林构成重大威胁的植物病原体。城市森林在减缓气候变化影响方面的作用日益得到认可，全球各地都在开展城市绿化行动。然而，研究表明，城市森林也是噬菌植物多样性的宝库，是将这些病原体引入生产和自然生态系统的桥头堡。城市森林中的噬菌体来源与人为因素有关，其中活植物贸易是主要途径。这项研究的重点是澳大利亚东部地区（主要是新南威尔士州，还有一个维多利亚州的苗圃）园林苗木中嗜植真菌的发病率和多样性。研究结果显示，用于城市绿化项目的苗木中嗜植菌的发病率很高，总体阳性率为 22.1%，个别苗圃的发病率从 2.5% 到 32% 不等。该研究发现了 13 个已描述的被认为是多食性木质寄主的噬菌体物种，以及 3 个可能代表新物种的品系。此外，P. mediterranea 和 P. heterospora 的发现是澳大利亚的首次报告，其中 P. mediterranea 被认为是生物安全问题。这项研究强调了活植物贸易作为噬菌植物传入城市森林及其他地区的来源所带来的巨大风险。这些发现强调，迫切需要严格执行清洁苗圃管理规范，以降低城市绿化计划中与疫霉相关的经济和环境风险。
{"title":"Phytophthora in urban tree planting stock: Are we managing the risk to the urban forest and natural ecosystems?","authors":"Matthew H. Laurence, Allison A. Mertin, Kelly Scarlett, Clara Pang, Samiya Tabassum, Michelle R. Leishman, Treena I. Burgess, David I. Guest, Brett A. Summerell","doi":"10.1111/ppa.13960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13960","url":null,"abstract":"The oomycete genus <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> includes plant pathogens that pose significant threats to agricultural systems, natural ecosystems and urban forests. Urban forests are increasingly recognized for their role in mitigating climate change impacts and urban greening initiatives are underway worldwide. However, research suggests that the urban forest is also a reservoir of <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> diversity, acting as bridgeheads for the introduction of these pathogens into production and natural ecosystems. The source of <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> in urban forests is linked to anthropogenic factors, with the live plant trade the primary pathway. This study focused on the incidence and diversity of <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> in amenity tree nursery stock in eastern Australia, primarily New South Wales, with one nursery from Victoria. The findings revealed a high incidence of <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> in nursery stock destined for urban greening projects, having an overall positive rate of 22.1%, with incidence in individual nurseries ranging from 2.5% to 32%. The study detected 13 described <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> species that are considered polyphagous on woody hosts and three lineages that potentially represent novel species. In addition, the detection of <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mediterranea</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>heterospora</jats:italic> represent first reports for Australia, with <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mediterranea</jats:italic> considered a biosecurity concern. The study highlights the substantial risk associated with the live plant trade as a source of <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> introduction into urban forests and beyond. These findings underscore the urgent need to strictly implement clean nursery management practices to reduce the economic and environmental risks associated with <jats:italic>Phytophthora</jats:italic> in urban greening programmes.","PeriodicalId":20075,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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