The growth and biological decline of alfalfa may be linked to the rhizosphere microbiome. However, plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere of alfalfa and associated microbial community variations with stand age remain elusive. This study explored the successional pattern of rhizosphere microbial communities across different aged alfalfa stands and its relationship with alfalfa decline. Rhizosphere soils were collected from 2- and 6-year-old alfalfa stands. Control soils were collected from interspaces between alfalfa plants in the same stands. Soil bacterial and fungal communities were characterized by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Specific microbial taxa colonized the rhizosphere soils, but not the control soils. The rhizosphere-specific taxa mainly included potentially beneficial genera (e.g., Dechloromonas, Verrucomicrobium) in the young stand and harmful genera (e.g., Peziza, Campylocarpon) in the old stand. Alfalfa roots regulated soil microbial communities by selective promotion or inhibition of distinct taxa. The majority of time-enriched taxa were reported as harmful fungi, whose relative abundances were negatively correlated with plant traits. Time-depleted taxa were mostly known as beneficial bacteria, which had relative abundances positively correlated with plant traits. The relative abundances of functional bacterial genes associated with vancomycin biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism trended lower in rhizosphere soils from the old stand. An upward trend was observed for fungal pathogens and wood saprotrophs with increasing stand age. The results suggest that root activity drives the negative succession of rhizosphere microbial communities during alfalfa decline in old stands.
{"title":"Biological Decline of Alfalfa Is Accompanied by Negative Succession of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities","authors":"Yuanyuan Ma, Yan Shen, Xiaoping Zhou, Hongbin Ma, Jian Lan, Bingzhe Fu, Quanhong Xue","doi":"10.3390/plants13182589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182589","url":null,"abstract":"The growth and biological decline of alfalfa may be linked to the rhizosphere microbiome. However, plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere of alfalfa and associated microbial community variations with stand age remain elusive. This study explored the successional pattern of rhizosphere microbial communities across different aged alfalfa stands and its relationship with alfalfa decline. Rhizosphere soils were collected from 2- and 6-year-old alfalfa stands. Control soils were collected from interspaces between alfalfa plants in the same stands. Soil bacterial and fungal communities were characterized by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Specific microbial taxa colonized the rhizosphere soils, but not the control soils. The rhizosphere-specific taxa mainly included potentially beneficial genera (e.g., Dechloromonas, Verrucomicrobium) in the young stand and harmful genera (e.g., Peziza, Campylocarpon) in the old stand. Alfalfa roots regulated soil microbial communities by selective promotion or inhibition of distinct taxa. The majority of time-enriched taxa were reported as harmful fungi, whose relative abundances were negatively correlated with plant traits. Time-depleted taxa were mostly known as beneficial bacteria, which had relative abundances positively correlated with plant traits. The relative abundances of functional bacterial genes associated with vancomycin biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism trended lower in rhizosphere soils from the old stand. An upward trend was observed for fungal pathogens and wood saprotrophs with increasing stand age. The results suggest that root activity drives the negative succession of rhizosphere microbial communities during alfalfa decline in old stands.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qinxue Li, Xiaoyu Zhao, Jiajie Wu, Huixia Shou, Wei Wang
Environmental stresses, including drought stress, seriously threaten food security. Previous studies reported that wheat F-box protein, TaFBA1, responds to abiotic stresses in tobacco. Here, we generated transgenic wheat with enhanced (overexpression, OE) or suppressed (RNA interference, RNAi) expression of TaFBA1. The TaFBA1-OE seedlings showed enhanced drought tolerance, as measured by survival rate and fresh weight under severe drought stress, whereas the RNAi plants showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, the OE plants had stronger antioxidant capacity compared to WT and RNAi plants and maintained stomatal opening, which resulted in higher water loss under drought stress. However, stronger water absorption capacity in OE roots contributed to higher relative water contents in leaves under drought stress. Moreover, the postponed stomatal closure in OE lines helped to maintain photosynthesis machinery to produce more photoassimilate and ultimately larger seed size. Transcriptomic analyses conducted on WT and OE plants showed that genes involved in antioxidant, fatty acid and lipid metabolism and cellulose synthesis were significantly induced by drought stress in the leaves of OE lines. Together, our studies determined that the F-box protein TaFBA1 modulated drought tolerance and affected yield in wheat and the TaFBA1 gene could provide a desirable target for further breeding of wheat.
{"title":"The F-Box Protein TaFBA1 Positively Regulates Drought Resistance and Yield Traits in Wheat","authors":"Qinxue Li, Xiaoyu Zhao, Jiajie Wu, Huixia Shou, Wei Wang","doi":"10.3390/plants13182588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182588","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental stresses, including drought stress, seriously threaten food security. Previous studies reported that wheat F-box protein, TaFBA1, responds to abiotic stresses in tobacco. Here, we generated transgenic wheat with enhanced (overexpression, OE) or suppressed (RNA interference, RNAi) expression of TaFBA1. The TaFBA1-OE seedlings showed enhanced drought tolerance, as measured by survival rate and fresh weight under severe drought stress, whereas the RNAi plants showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, the OE plants had stronger antioxidant capacity compared to WT and RNAi plants and maintained stomatal opening, which resulted in higher water loss under drought stress. However, stronger water absorption capacity in OE roots contributed to higher relative water contents in leaves under drought stress. Moreover, the postponed stomatal closure in OE lines helped to maintain photosynthesis machinery to produce more photoassimilate and ultimately larger seed size. Transcriptomic analyses conducted on WT and OE plants showed that genes involved in antioxidant, fatty acid and lipid metabolism and cellulose synthesis were significantly induced by drought stress in the leaves of OE lines. Together, our studies determined that the F-box protein TaFBA1 modulated drought tolerance and affected yield in wheat and the TaFBA1 gene could provide a desirable target for further breeding of wheat.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayriye Yildiz Dasgan, Kahraman S. Aksu, Kamran Zikaria, Nazim S. Gruda
The application of biostimulants in vegetable cultivation has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the nutritional quality of crops, particularly in controlled environment agriculture and soilless culture systems. In this study, we employed a rigorous methodology, applying various biostimulants amino acids, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), fulvic acid, chitosan, and vermicompost along with mineral fertilizers, both foliar and via the roots, to soilless greenhouse tomatoes during spring cultivation. The experiment, conducted in a coir pith medium using the ‘Samyeli F1’ tomato cultivar, demonstrated that plants treated with biostimulants performed better than control plants. Notable variations in nutritional components were observed across treatments. PGPR had the best effects on the physical properties of the tomato fruit, showing the highest fruit weight, fruit length, equatorial diameter, fruit volume, fruit skin elasticity, and fruit flesh hardness while maintaining high color parameters L, a, and b. PGPR and fulvic acid demonstrated significant enhancements in total phenolics and flavonoids, suggesting potential boosts in antioxidant properties. Amioacid and vermicompost notably elevated total soluble solids, indicating potential fruit sweetness and overall taste improvements. On the other hand, vermicompost stood out for its ability to elevate total phenolics and flavonoids while enhancing vitamin C content, indicating a comprehensive enhancement of nutritional quality. In addition, vermicompost had the most significant impact on plant growth parameters and total yield, achieving a 43% increase over the control with a total yield of 10.39 kg/m2. These findings underline the specific nutritional benefits of different biostimulants, offering valuable insights for optimizing tomato cultivation practices to yield produce with enhanced health-promoting properties.
在蔬菜栽培中应用生物刺激剂已成为提高作物营养质量的一种有前途的方法，尤其是在受控环境农业和无土栽培系统中。在这项研究中，我们采用了一种严格的方法，在春季栽培无土栽培温室番茄时，将各种生物刺激剂氨基酸、植物生长促进根瘤菌（PGPR）、富里酸、壳聚糖、蛭石以及矿质肥料（包括叶面肥和根外肥）一起施用。实验是在椰壳培养基中使用 "Samyeli F1 "番茄栽培品种进行的，结果表明，使用生物刺激剂的植株比对照植株表现更好。不同处理的植物营养成分有明显差异。PGPR 对番茄果实的物理性质影响最大，显示出最高的果重、果实长度、赤道直径、果实体积、果皮弹性和果肉硬度，同时保持较高的颜色参数 L、a 和 b。亚胺酸和蛭石堆肥显著提高了总可溶性固形物，表明水果的甜度和整体口感可能会得到改善。另一方面，蛭石堆肥在提高维生素 C 含量的同时，还能提高总酚类和类黄酮的含量，这表明它能全面提高营养质量。此外，蛭石堆肥对植物生长参数和总产量的影响最为显著，比对照提高了 43%，总产量达到 10.39 公斤/平方米。这些发现强调了不同生物刺激剂的特定营养益处，为优化番茄栽培方法提供了宝贵的见解，使番茄产品具有更强的健康促进特性。
{"title":"Biostimulants Enhance the Nutritional Quality of Soilless Greenhouse Tomatoes","authors":"Hayriye Yildiz Dasgan, Kahraman S. Aksu, Kamran Zikaria, Nazim S. Gruda","doi":"10.3390/plants13182587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182587","url":null,"abstract":"The application of biostimulants in vegetable cultivation has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the nutritional quality of crops, particularly in controlled environment agriculture and soilless culture systems. In this study, we employed a rigorous methodology, applying various biostimulants amino acids, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), fulvic acid, chitosan, and vermicompost along with mineral fertilizers, both foliar and via the roots, to soilless greenhouse tomatoes during spring cultivation. The experiment, conducted in a coir pith medium using the ‘Samyeli F1’ tomato cultivar, demonstrated that plants treated with biostimulants performed better than control plants. Notable variations in nutritional components were observed across treatments. PGPR had the best effects on the physical properties of the tomato fruit, showing the highest fruit weight, fruit length, equatorial diameter, fruit volume, fruit skin elasticity, and fruit flesh hardness while maintaining high color parameters L, a, and b. PGPR and fulvic acid demonstrated significant enhancements in total phenolics and flavonoids, suggesting potential boosts in antioxidant properties. Amioacid and vermicompost notably elevated total soluble solids, indicating potential fruit sweetness and overall taste improvements. On the other hand, vermicompost stood out for its ability to elevate total phenolics and flavonoids while enhancing vitamin C content, indicating a comprehensive enhancement of nutritional quality. In addition, vermicompost had the most significant impact on plant growth parameters and total yield, achieving a 43% increase over the control with a total yield of 10.39 kg/m2. These findings underline the specific nutritional benefits of different biostimulants, offering valuable insights for optimizing tomato cultivation practices to yield produce with enhanced health-promoting properties.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaldo de Paula, Rafael Nunes de Almeida, Talles de Oliveira Santos, José Dias de Souza Neto, Elaine Manelli Riva-Souza, Sheila Cristina Prucoli Posse, Maurício Novaes Souza, Aparecida de Fátima Madella de Oliveira, Alexandre Cristiano Santos Júnior, Jardel Oliveira Santos, Samy Pimenta, Cintia dos Santos Bento, Monique Moreira Moulin
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among traditional common bean accessions through morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Sixty-seven common bean accessions from the Germplasm bank of the Instituto Federal of Espírito Santo—Campus de Alegre were evaluated. For this, 25 specific morphological descriptors were used, namely 12 quantitative and 13 qualitative ones. A diversity analysis based on morphological descriptors was carried out using the Gower algorithm. For molecular characterization, 23 ISSR primers were used to estimate dissimilarity using the Jaccard Index. Based on the dendrograms obtained by the UPGMA method, for morphological and molecular characterization, high genetic variability was observed between the common bean genotypes studied, evidenced by cophenetic correlation values in the order of 0.99, indicating an accurate representation of the dissimilarity matrix by the UPGMA clustering. In the morphological characterization, high phenotypic diversity was observed between the accessions, with grains of different shapes, colors, and sizes, and the accessions were grouped into nine distinct groups. Molecular characterization was efficient in separating the genotypes in the Andean and Mesoamerican groups, with the 23 ISSR primers studied generating an average of 6.35 polymorphic bands. The work identified divergent accessions that can serve different market niches, which can be indicated as parents to form breeding programs in order to obtain progenies with high genetic variability.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces Based on Morphological Traits and Molecular Markers","authors":"Evaldo de Paula, Rafael Nunes de Almeida, Talles de Oliveira Santos, José Dias de Souza Neto, Elaine Manelli Riva-Souza, Sheila Cristina Prucoli Posse, Maurício Novaes Souza, Aparecida de Fátima Madella de Oliveira, Alexandre Cristiano Santos Júnior, Jardel Oliveira Santos, Samy Pimenta, Cintia dos Santos Bento, Monique Moreira Moulin","doi":"10.3390/plants13182584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182584","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among traditional common bean accessions through morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Sixty-seven common bean accessions from the Germplasm bank of the Instituto Federal of Espírito Santo—Campus de Alegre were evaluated. For this, 25 specific morphological descriptors were used, namely 12 quantitative and 13 qualitative ones. A diversity analysis based on morphological descriptors was carried out using the Gower algorithm. For molecular characterization, 23 ISSR primers were used to estimate dissimilarity using the Jaccard Index. Based on the dendrograms obtained by the UPGMA method, for morphological and molecular characterization, high genetic variability was observed between the common bean genotypes studied, evidenced by cophenetic correlation values in the order of 0.99, indicating an accurate representation of the dissimilarity matrix by the UPGMA clustering. In the morphological characterization, high phenotypic diversity was observed between the accessions, with grains of different shapes, colors, and sizes, and the accessions were grouped into nine distinct groups. Molecular characterization was efficient in separating the genotypes in the Andean and Mesoamerican groups, with the 23 ISSR primers studied generating an average of 6.35 polymorphic bands. The work identified divergent accessions that can serve different market niches, which can be indicated as parents to form breeding programs in order to obtain progenies with high genetic variability.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhododendron capitatum community expansion is a major threat to alpine meadow. Allelopathy is an important mediator in managing relationships between plants in natural ecosystems. However, allelopathy and specific allelochemicals of R. capitatum have not been studied yet. In this study, the allelopathy of the foliage litter of R. capitatum was explored on Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis and Medicago ruthenica, and the chemical composition and their allelopathy were studied. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the foliage litter of R. capitatum had an allelopathy of “low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition” on the germination of E. nutans, P. pratensis, and M. ruthenica. Organic acids, fatty acids, terpenes, phenols, and phenolic acid compounds were identified, with Zanamivir (77.81%), alpha-linolenic acid (18%), Kaurenoic acid (23.50%), 4-hydroxyphenylglycolic acid (21.54%), and Quinic acid (28.24%) having the highest relative content, and all five compounds showed significantly inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of E. nutans, P. pratensis, and M. ruthenica, which further suggests that the five compounds are the critical allelochemicals for negative allelopathy of R. capitatum. These results highlight the crucial role of inhibitory allelopathy produced by R. capitatum in the establishment and expansion of its populations.
杜鹃花群落扩张是高山草甸的一个主要威胁。等位反应是管理自然生态系统中植物间关系的重要媒介。然而，目前尚未对毛冠杜鹃（R. capitatum）的等位效应和特定等位化学物质进行研究。本研究探讨了R. capitatum叶屑对Elymus nutans、Poa pratensis和Medicago ruthenica的等位异化作用，并研究了其化学成分及其等位异化作用。结果表明，R. capitatum 落叶的水提取物对 E. nutans、P. pratensis 和 M. ruthenica 的萌芽具有 "低浓度促进、高浓度抑制 "的等位异化作用。有机酸、脂肪酸、萜类、酚类和酚酸类化合物被鉴定出来，其中扎那米韦 (77.81%)、α-亚麻酸 (18%)、薏苡仁酸 (23.50%)、4-羟基苯基乙醇酸 (21.54%) 和奎宁酸 (28. 24%) 的相对含量最高。24%）相对含量最高，这五种化合物对 E. nutans、P. pratensis 和 M. ruthenica 的种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著的抑制作用，进一步表明这五种化合物是 R. capitatum 负等位异化作用的关键等位化学物质。这些结果凸显了 R. capitatum 产生的抑制性等位异位在其种群建立和扩大过程中的关键作用。
{"title":"Isolation of Allelochemicals from Rhododendron capitatum and Their Allelopathy on Three Perennial Herbaceous Plants","authors":"Hang Yang, Yishan Zhao, Shaochong Wei, Xiaojun Yu","doi":"10.3390/plants13182585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182585","url":null,"abstract":"Rhododendron capitatum community expansion is a major threat to alpine meadow. Allelopathy is an important mediator in managing relationships between plants in natural ecosystems. However, allelopathy and specific allelochemicals of R. capitatum have not been studied yet. In this study, the allelopathy of the foliage litter of R. capitatum was explored on Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis and Medicago ruthenica, and the chemical composition and their allelopathy were studied. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the foliage litter of R. capitatum had an allelopathy of “low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition” on the germination of E. nutans, P. pratensis, and M. ruthenica. Organic acids, fatty acids, terpenes, phenols, and phenolic acid compounds were identified, with Zanamivir (77.81%), alpha-linolenic acid (18%), Kaurenoic acid (23.50%), 4-hydroxyphenylglycolic acid (21.54%), and Quinic acid (28.24%) having the highest relative content, and all five compounds showed significantly inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of E. nutans, P. pratensis, and M. ruthenica, which further suggests that the five compounds are the critical allelochemicals for negative allelopathy of R. capitatum. These results highlight the crucial role of inhibitory allelopathy produced by R. capitatum in the establishment and expansion of its populations.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Specimen data play a crucial role in geographical distribution research. In this study, the collection information of liverwort specimens in China was compiled and analyzed to investigate the history, current status, and limitations of liverwort research in China. By utilizing the latest systematic research findings and corresponding environmental data, a niche model was developed to offer theoretical support for exploring the potential geographical distribution and diversity of liverwort resources. A total of 55,427 liverwort specimens were collected in China, resulting in the recording of 1212 species belonging to 169 genera and 63 families. However, there are imbalances in the distributions of liverwort data among different groups, collection units, and geographical areas, with families such as Lejeuneaceae, Porellaceae, and Plagiochilaceae having the highest number of specimens. Similarly, genera such as Porella, Frullania, and Horikawaella were well represented. Remarkably, 125 species had specimen counts exceeding 100. Unfortunately, approximately 51.77% of the species had fewer than 10 recorded specimens. There were four obvious peaks in the collection years of the bryophyte specimens in China, among which the largest collection occurred from 2010 to 2023. Notably, the number of specimens collected at different stages closely aligned with the history of taxonomic research on liverworts in China. The results of the integrity of the liverwort collection indicate that there is insufficient representation of some families and genera, with a concentration of common and widely distributed large families and genera. Tropical and subtropical humid areas are key regions for liverwort diversity, with water and temperature being the primary environmental factors influencing their geographical distribution. The specific temporal and spatial data of species recorded from plant specimens will enhance the study of species diversity, comprehensive protection, and sustainable utilization. Additionally, these data will contribute to the investigation of large-scale biodiversity distribution patterns and the impact of global change on diversity.
{"title":"Current Status of Liverwort Herbaria Specimens and Geographical Distribution in China","authors":"Jiaqi Cui, Xiuhua Yang, Xiaoyu Li, Jitong Li, Siqi Dong, Hongfeng Wang, Chengjun Yang","doi":"10.3390/plants13182583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182583","url":null,"abstract":"Specimen data play a crucial role in geographical distribution research. In this study, the collection information of liverwort specimens in China was compiled and analyzed to investigate the history, current status, and limitations of liverwort research in China. By utilizing the latest systematic research findings and corresponding environmental data, a niche model was developed to offer theoretical support for exploring the potential geographical distribution and diversity of liverwort resources. A total of 55,427 liverwort specimens were collected in China, resulting in the recording of 1212 species belonging to 169 genera and 63 families. However, there are imbalances in the distributions of liverwort data among different groups, collection units, and geographical areas, with families such as Lejeuneaceae, Porellaceae, and Plagiochilaceae having the highest number of specimens. Similarly, genera such as Porella, Frullania, and Horikawaella were well represented. Remarkably, 125 species had specimen counts exceeding 100. Unfortunately, approximately 51.77% of the species had fewer than 10 recorded specimens. There were four obvious peaks in the collection years of the bryophyte specimens in China, among which the largest collection occurred from 2010 to 2023. Notably, the number of specimens collected at different stages closely aligned with the history of taxonomic research on liverworts in China. The results of the integrity of the liverwort collection indicate that there is insufficient representation of some families and genera, with a concentration of common and widely distributed large families and genera. Tropical and subtropical humid areas are key regions for liverwort diversity, with water and temperature being the primary environmental factors influencing their geographical distribution. The specific temporal and spatial data of species recorded from plant specimens will enhance the study of species diversity, comprehensive protection, and sustainable utilization. Additionally, these data will contribute to the investigation of large-scale biodiversity distribution patterns and the impact of global change on diversity.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sirui Ma, Yixian Guo, Tianyi Zhang, Di Liu, Linna Wang, Ruiwen Hu, Demian Zhou, Ying Zhou, Qinfang Chen, Lujun Yu
The Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins serve as pivotal transporters responsible for the extrusion of metabolites, thereby playing a significant role in both plant development and the detoxification of toxins. The MATE gene family within the Brachypodium distachyon, which is an important model organism of the Poaceae family, remains largely unexplored. Here, a comprehensive identification and analysis of MATE genes that complement B. distachyon were conducted. The BdMATE genes were systematically categorized into five distinct groups, predicated on an assessment of their phylogenetic affinities and protein structure. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that dispersed duplication has significantly contributed to the expansion of the BdMATE genes, with tandem and segmental duplications showing important roles, suggesting that the MATE genes in Poaceae species have embarked on divergent evolutionary trajectories. Examination of ω values demonstrated that BdMATE genes underwent purifying selection throughout the evolutionary process. Furthermore, collinearity analysis has confirmed a high conservation of MATE genes between B. distachyon and rice. The cis-regulatory elements analysis within BdMATEs promoters, coupled with expression patterns, suggests that BdMATEs play important roles during plant development and in response to phytohormones. Collectively, the findings presented establish a foundational basis for the subsequent detailed characterization of the MATE gene family members in B. distachyon.
{"title":"Comprehensive Identification and Expression Analysis of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) Gene Family in Brachypodium distachyon","authors":"Sirui Ma, Yixian Guo, Tianyi Zhang, Di Liu, Linna Wang, Ruiwen Hu, Demian Zhou, Ying Zhou, Qinfang Chen, Lujun Yu","doi":"10.3390/plants13182586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182586","url":null,"abstract":"The Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins serve as pivotal transporters responsible for the extrusion of metabolites, thereby playing a significant role in both plant development and the detoxification of toxins. The MATE gene family within the Brachypodium distachyon, which is an important model organism of the Poaceae family, remains largely unexplored. Here, a comprehensive identification and analysis of MATE genes that complement B. distachyon were conducted. The BdMATE genes were systematically categorized into five distinct groups, predicated on an assessment of their phylogenetic affinities and protein structure. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that dispersed duplication has significantly contributed to the expansion of the BdMATE genes, with tandem and segmental duplications showing important roles, suggesting that the MATE genes in Poaceae species have embarked on divergent evolutionary trajectories. Examination of ω values demonstrated that BdMATE genes underwent purifying selection throughout the evolutionary process. Furthermore, collinearity analysis has confirmed a high conservation of MATE genes between B. distachyon and rice. The cis-regulatory elements analysis within BdMATEs promoters, coupled with expression patterns, suggests that BdMATEs play important roles during plant development and in response to phytohormones. Collectively, the findings presented establish a foundational basis for the subsequent detailed characterization of the MATE gene family members in B. distachyon.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Helué Morales Sandoval, María Edith Ortega Urquieta, Valeria Valenzuela Ruíz, Kevin Montañez Acosta, Kevin Alejandro Campos Castro, Fannie I. Parra Cota, Gustavo Santoyo, Sergio de los Santos Villalobos
It is essential to hunt for new technologies that promote sustainable practices for agroecosystems; thus, the bioprospecting of beneficial microorganisms complementing with mutation induction techniques to improve their genomic, metabolic, and functional traits is a promising strategy for the development of sustainable microbial inoculants. Bacillus cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii strain TE3T, a previously recognized plant growth-promoting and biological control agent, was subjected to UV mutation induction to improve these agro-biotechnological traits. Dilutions were made which were spread on Petri dishes and placed under a 20 W UV lamp at 10-min intervals for 60 min. After the UV-induced mutation of this strain, 27 bacterial colonies showed morphological differences compared to the wild-type strain; however, only a strain named TE3T-UV25 showed an improvement in 53.6% of the biocontrol against Bipolaris sorokiniana vs. the wild-type strain, by competition of nutrient and space (only detected in the mutant strain), as well as diffusible metabolites. Furthermore, the ability to promote wheat growth was evaluated by carrying out experiments under specific greenhouse conditions, considering un-inoculated, strain TE3T, and strain TE3T-UV25 treatments. Thus, after 120 days, biometric traits in seedlings were quantified and statistical analyses were performed, which showed that strain TE3T-UV25 maintained its ability to promote wheat growth in comparison with the wild-type strain. On the other hand, using bioinformatics tools such as ANI, GGDC, and TYGS, the Overall Genome Relatedness Index (OGRI) and phylogenomic relationship of mutant strain TE3T-UV25 were performed, confirming that it changed its taxonomic affiliation from B. cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii to Bacillus subtilis. In addition, genome analysis showed that the mutant, wild-type, and B. subtilis strains shared 3654 orthologous genes; however, a higher number of shared genes (3954) was found between the TE3T-UV25 mutant strain and B. subtilis 168, while the mutant strain shared 3703 genes with the wild-type strain. Genome mining was carried out using the AntiSMASH v7.0 web server and showed that mutant and wild-type strains shared six biosynthetic gene clusters associated with biocontrol but additionally, pulcherriminic acid cluster only was detected in the genome of the mutant strain and Rhizocticin A was exclusively detected in the genome of the wild-type strain. Finally, using the PlaBase tool, differences in the number of genes (17) associated with beneficial functions in agroecosystems were detected in the genome of the mutant vs. wild-type strain, such as biofertilization, bioremediation, colonizing plant system, competitive exclusion, phytohormone, plant immune response stimulation, putative functions, stress control, and biocontrol. Thus, the UV-induced mutation was a successful strategy to improve the bioactivity of B. cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii TE3T related to the agro-biotec
{"title":"Improving Beneficial Traits in Bacillus cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii TE3T through UV-Induced Genomic Changes","authors":"Pamela Helué Morales Sandoval, María Edith Ortega Urquieta, Valeria Valenzuela Ruíz, Kevin Montañez Acosta, Kevin Alejandro Campos Castro, Fannie I. Parra Cota, Gustavo Santoyo, Sergio de los Santos Villalobos","doi":"10.3390/plants13182578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182578","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to hunt for new technologies that promote sustainable practices for agroecosystems; thus, the bioprospecting of beneficial microorganisms complementing with mutation induction techniques to improve their genomic, metabolic, and functional traits is a promising strategy for the development of sustainable microbial inoculants. Bacillus cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii strain TE3T, a previously recognized plant growth-promoting and biological control agent, was subjected to UV mutation induction to improve these agro-biotechnological traits. Dilutions were made which were spread on Petri dishes and placed under a 20 W UV lamp at 10-min intervals for 60 min. After the UV-induced mutation of this strain, 27 bacterial colonies showed morphological differences compared to the wild-type strain; however, only a strain named TE3T-UV25 showed an improvement in 53.6% of the biocontrol against Bipolaris sorokiniana vs. the wild-type strain, by competition of nutrient and space (only detected in the mutant strain), as well as diffusible metabolites. Furthermore, the ability to promote wheat growth was evaluated by carrying out experiments under specific greenhouse conditions, considering un-inoculated, strain TE3T, and strain TE3T-UV25 treatments. Thus, after 120 days, biometric traits in seedlings were quantified and statistical analyses were performed, which showed that strain TE3T-UV25 maintained its ability to promote wheat growth in comparison with the wild-type strain. On the other hand, using bioinformatics tools such as ANI, GGDC, and TYGS, the Overall Genome Relatedness Index (OGRI) and phylogenomic relationship of mutant strain TE3T-UV25 were performed, confirming that it changed its taxonomic affiliation from B. cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii to Bacillus subtilis. In addition, genome analysis showed that the mutant, wild-type, and B. subtilis strains shared 3654 orthologous genes; however, a higher number of shared genes (3954) was found between the TE3T-UV25 mutant strain and B. subtilis 168, while the mutant strain shared 3703 genes with the wild-type strain. Genome mining was carried out using the AntiSMASH v7.0 web server and showed that mutant and wild-type strains shared six biosynthetic gene clusters associated with biocontrol but additionally, pulcherriminic acid cluster only was detected in the genome of the mutant strain and Rhizocticin A was exclusively detected in the genome of the wild-type strain. Finally, using the PlaBase tool, differences in the number of genes (17) associated with beneficial functions in agroecosystems were detected in the genome of the mutant vs. wild-type strain, such as biofertilization, bioremediation, colonizing plant system, competitive exclusion, phytohormone, plant immune response stimulation, putative functions, stress control, and biocontrol. Thus, the UV-induced mutation was a successful strategy to improve the bioactivity of B. cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii TE3T related to the agro-biotec","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are pivotal post-transcriptional regulatory factors influencing biological activity. Studies on the rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae strain PXO99A, previously identified a virulence-associated sRNA, trans3287. A mutant strain lacking this sRNA, named SK01, resulted in markedly diminished virulence towards rice. This study aims to further elucidate the underlying bacterial virulent function of trans3287. The expression of trans3287 was quantified in virulence-inducing and standard nutritional conditions to clarify its production mechanism. The detection of virulence-associated genes revealed that trans3287 regulated the synthesis processes of extracellular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and the type III secretion system. Moreover, bioinformatics prediction and quantitative PCR indicated a potential direct target of trans3287, PXO_03470, encoding cardiolipin synthase. A dual-plasmid system fusing with GFP tag and protein immunoblotting confirmed that sRNA trans3287 negatively regulated PXO_03470. Bacterial biofilms demonstrated trans3287 regulated the disruption of biofilm integrity through cardiolipin synthase. This study provides preliminary insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of the role of sRNA trans3287 in mediating bacterial virulence through cardiolipin synthase.
{"title":"Strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Loses Virulence through Dysregulation of Cardiolipin Synthase","authors":"Yiqun Hu, Qingqing Chen, Aifang Zhang, Liyuan Zhang, Hansong Dong","doi":"10.3390/plants13182576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182576","url":null,"abstract":"Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are pivotal post-transcriptional regulatory factors influencing biological activity. Studies on the rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae strain PXO99A, previously identified a virulence-associated sRNA, trans3287. A mutant strain lacking this sRNA, named SK01, resulted in markedly diminished virulence towards rice. This study aims to further elucidate the underlying bacterial virulent function of trans3287. The expression of trans3287 was quantified in virulence-inducing and standard nutritional conditions to clarify its production mechanism. The detection of virulence-associated genes revealed that trans3287 regulated the synthesis processes of extracellular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and the type III secretion system. Moreover, bioinformatics prediction and quantitative PCR indicated a potential direct target of trans3287, PXO_03470, encoding cardiolipin synthase. A dual-plasmid system fusing with GFP tag and protein immunoblotting confirmed that sRNA trans3287 negatively regulated PXO_03470. Bacterial biofilms demonstrated trans3287 regulated the disruption of biofilm integrity through cardiolipin synthase. This study provides preliminary insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of the role of sRNA trans3287 in mediating bacterial virulence through cardiolipin synthase.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global warming has caused many species to become endangered or even extinct. Describing and predicting how species will respond to global warming is one of the hotspots of biodiversity research. Species distribution models predict the potential distribution of species based on species occurrence data. However, the impact of the accuracy of the distribution data on the prediction results is poorly studied. In this study, we used the endemic plant Litsea auriculata (Lauraceae) as a case study. By collecting and assembling six different datasets of this species, we used MaxEnt to perform species distribution modeling and then conducted comparative analyses. The results show that, based on our updated complete correct dataset (dataset 1), the suitable distribution of this species is mainly located in the Ta-pieh Mountain, southwestern Hubei and northern Zhejiang, and that mean diurnal temperature range (MDTR) and temperature annual range (TAR) play important roles in shaping the distribution of Litsea auriculata. Compared with the correct data, the wrong data leads to a larger and expanded range in the predicted distribution area, whereas the species modeling based on the correct but incomplete data predicts a small and contracted range. We found that only about 23.38% of Litsea auriculata is located within nature reserves, so there is a huge conservation gap. Our study emphasized the importance of correct and complete distribution data for accurate prediction of species distribution regions; both incomplete and incorrect data can give misleading prediction results. In addition, our study also revealed the distribution characteristics and conservation gap of Litsea auriculata, laying the foundation for the development of reasonable conservation strategies for this species.
{"title":"Impacts of Distribution Data on Accurate Species Modeling: A Case Study of Litsea auriculata (Lauraceae)","authors":"Chao Tan, David Kay Ferguson, Yong Yang","doi":"10.3390/plants13182581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182581","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming has caused many species to become endangered or even extinct. Describing and predicting how species will respond to global warming is one of the hotspots of biodiversity research. Species distribution models predict the potential distribution of species based on species occurrence data. However, the impact of the accuracy of the distribution data on the prediction results is poorly studied. In this study, we used the endemic plant Litsea auriculata (Lauraceae) as a case study. By collecting and assembling six different datasets of this species, we used MaxEnt to perform species distribution modeling and then conducted comparative analyses. The results show that, based on our updated complete correct dataset (dataset 1), the suitable distribution of this species is mainly located in the Ta-pieh Mountain, southwestern Hubei and northern Zhejiang, and that mean diurnal temperature range (MDTR) and temperature annual range (TAR) play important roles in shaping the distribution of Litsea auriculata. Compared with the correct data, the wrong data leads to a larger and expanded range in the predicted distribution area, whereas the species modeling based on the correct but incomplete data predicts a small and contracted range. We found that only about 23.38% of Litsea auriculata is located within nature reserves, so there is a huge conservation gap. Our study emphasized the importance of correct and complete distribution data for accurate prediction of species distribution regions; both incomplete and incorrect data can give misleading prediction results. In addition, our study also revealed the distribution characteristics and conservation gap of Litsea auriculata, laying the foundation for the development of reasonable conservation strategies for this species.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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