Francesca Guzzo, Alexandra G. Durán, Laura L. Rostoll, Francisco A. Macías, Ana M. Simonet
The genus Agave comprises over 400 species that are known for their diverse applications, which include being sources of fiber, food, and beverages. There has recently been increased interest in exploring the metabolic content of this genus, and in this respect, saponins are the main compounds of interest. Saponins for Agave bracteosa have not been described to date, and the current work addresses the dereplication of a saponin-rich fraction to identify the structures of six compounds. The dereplication methods involve the use of UPLC-MSE analysis, NMR spectroscopy and published data for Agave saponins. A green extraction and isolation provided ten pure saponins. Remarkably, nine of these saponins have not been reported previously, namely (25S)-cantalasaponin-1 and bractofuranosides A–H. These compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity. Bractofuranosides B (5) and G (10) displayed 57% and 53% cell viability on HeLa cells at 100 µM, respectively.
龙舌兰属有 400 多个品种，因其用途广泛而闻名，其中包括纤维来源、食品和饮料。最近，人们对探索龙舌兰属植物的新陈代谢成分越来越感兴趣，在这方面，皂甙是人们感兴趣的主要化合物。迄今为止，龙舌兰苞片中的皂苷还没有被描述过，目前的工作是对富含皂苷的馏分进行去复制，以确定六种化合物的结构。去复制方法包括使用 UPLC-MSE 分析、核磁共振光谱和已发表的龙舌兰皂苷数据。绿色萃取和分离提供了十种纯净的皂苷。值得注意的是，其中九种皂苷以前从未报道过，即 (25S)-cantalasaponin-1 和苞片呋喃苷 A-H。对这些化合物进行了细胞毒活性测试。在 100 µM 的浓度下，苞叶呋喃苷 B (5) 和 G (10) 对 HeLa 细胞的细胞存活率分别为 57% 和 53%。
{"title":"Dereplication of New Saponins from Agave bracteosa","authors":"Francesca Guzzo, Alexandra G. Durán, Laura L. Rostoll, Francisco A. Macías, Ana M. Simonet","doi":"10.3390/plants13182570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182570","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Agave comprises over 400 species that are known for their diverse applications, which include being sources of fiber, food, and beverages. There has recently been increased interest in exploring the metabolic content of this genus, and in this respect, saponins are the main compounds of interest. Saponins for Agave bracteosa have not been described to date, and the current work addresses the dereplication of a saponin-rich fraction to identify the structures of six compounds. The dereplication methods involve the use of UPLC-MSE analysis, NMR spectroscopy and published data for Agave saponins. A green extraction and isolation provided ten pure saponins. Remarkably, nine of these saponins have not been reported previously, namely (25S)-cantalasaponin-1 and bractofuranosides A–H. These compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity. Bractofuranosides B (5) and G (10) displayed 57% and 53% cell viability on HeLa cells at 100 µM, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Scariolo, Giovanni Gabelli, Gabriele Magon, Fabio Palumbo, Carlotta Pirrello, Silvia Farinati, Andrea Curioni, Aurélien Devillars, Margherita Lucchin, Gianni Barcaccia, Alessandro Vannozzi
PIWI, from the German word Pilzwiderstandsfähig, meaning “fungus-resistant”, refers to grapevine cultivars bred for resistance to fungal pathogens such as Erysiphe necator (the causal agent of powdery mildew) and Plasmopara viticola (the causal agent of downy mildew), two major diseases in viticulture. These varieties are typically developed through traditional breeding, often crossbreeding European Vitis vinifera with American or Asian species that carry natural disease resistance. This study investigates the transcriptional profiles of exocarp tissues in mature berries from four PIWI grapevine varieties compared to their elite parental counterparts using RNA-seq analysis. We performed RNA-seq on four PIWI varieties (two red and two white) and their noble parents to identify differential gene expression patterns. Comprehensive analyses, including Differential Gene Expression (DEGs), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and tau analysis, revealed distinct gene clusters and individual genes characterizing the transcriptional landscape of PIWI varieties. Differentially expressed genes indicated significant changes in pathways related to organic acid metabolism and membrane transport, potentially contributing to enhanced resilience. WGCNA and k-means clustering highlighted co-expression modules linked to PIWI genotypes and their unique tolerance profiles. Tau analysis identified genes uniquely expressed in specific genotypes, with several already known for their defense roles. These findings offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine resistance and suggest promising avenues for breeding strategies to enhance disease resistance and overall grape quality in viticulture.
{"title":"The Transcriptional Landscape of Berry Skin in Red and White PIWI (“Pilzwiderstandsfähig”) Grapevines Possessing QTLs for Partial Resistance to Downy and Powdery Mildews","authors":"Francesco Scariolo, Giovanni Gabelli, Gabriele Magon, Fabio Palumbo, Carlotta Pirrello, Silvia Farinati, Andrea Curioni, Aurélien Devillars, Margherita Lucchin, Gianni Barcaccia, Alessandro Vannozzi","doi":"10.3390/plants13182574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182574","url":null,"abstract":"PIWI, from the German word Pilzwiderstandsfähig, meaning “fungus-resistant”, refers to grapevine cultivars bred for resistance to fungal pathogens such as Erysiphe necator (the causal agent of powdery mildew) and Plasmopara viticola (the causal agent of downy mildew), two major diseases in viticulture. These varieties are typically developed through traditional breeding, often crossbreeding European Vitis vinifera with American or Asian species that carry natural disease resistance. This study investigates the transcriptional profiles of exocarp tissues in mature berries from four PIWI grapevine varieties compared to their elite parental counterparts using RNA-seq analysis. We performed RNA-seq on four PIWI varieties (two red and two white) and their noble parents to identify differential gene expression patterns. Comprehensive analyses, including Differential Gene Expression (DEGs), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and tau analysis, revealed distinct gene clusters and individual genes characterizing the transcriptional landscape of PIWI varieties. Differentially expressed genes indicated significant changes in pathways related to organic acid metabolism and membrane transport, potentially contributing to enhanced resilience. WGCNA and k-means clustering highlighted co-expression modules linked to PIWI genotypes and their unique tolerance profiles. Tau analysis identified genes uniquely expressed in specific genotypes, with several already known for their defense roles. These findings offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine resistance and suggest promising avenues for breeding strategies to enhance disease resistance and overall grape quality in viticulture.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies (NUE/PUE) are important to minimize wastage and nutrient pollution, but no improved crop for both is currently available. We addressed them together in rice, in the view of its high consumption of NPK fertilizers. We analyzed 46 morphophysiological parameters for the N/P response in three popular indica genotypes, namely, BPT 5204, Panvel 1, and CR Dhan 301 at low, medium, and normal N/P doses. They include 18 vegetative, 15 physiological, and 13 reproductive parameters. The segregation of significantly N/P-responsive parameters correlating with NUE/PUE revealed 21 NUE, 22 PUE, and 12 common parameters. Feature selection analyses revealed the common high-ranking parameters including the photosynthetic rate at the reproductive stage, tiller number, root–shoot ratio, culm thickness, and flag leaf width. The venn selection using the reported NUE/PUE-related candidate genes in rice revealed five genes in common for both, namely OsIAA3, OsEXPA10, OsCYP75B4, OsSultr3;4, and OsFER2, which were associated with three of the common traits for NUE/PUE. Their expression studies using qRT-PCR revealed the opposite regulation in contrasting genotypes for OsSultr3;4 and OsEXPA10 in N-response and for OsFER2 in P-response, indicating their role in contrasting N/P use efficiencies. Overall, CR Dhan 301 has the highest NUE and PUE followed by Panvel 1 and BPT5204 among the studied genotypes.
{"title":"Phenotypic, Physiological, and Gene Expression Analysis for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficienies in Three Popular Genotypes of Rice (Oryza sativa Indica)","authors":"Bhumika Madan, Nandula Raghuram","doi":"10.3390/plants13182567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182567","url":null,"abstract":"Crop nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies (NUE/PUE) are important to minimize wastage and nutrient pollution, but no improved crop for both is currently available. We addressed them together in rice, in the view of its high consumption of NPK fertilizers. We analyzed 46 morphophysiological parameters for the N/P response in three popular indica genotypes, namely, BPT 5204, Panvel 1, and CR Dhan 301 at low, medium, and normal N/P doses. They include 18 vegetative, 15 physiological, and 13 reproductive parameters. The segregation of significantly N/P-responsive parameters correlating with NUE/PUE revealed 21 NUE, 22 PUE, and 12 common parameters. Feature selection analyses revealed the common high-ranking parameters including the photosynthetic rate at the reproductive stage, tiller number, root–shoot ratio, culm thickness, and flag leaf width. The venn selection using the reported NUE/PUE-related candidate genes in rice revealed five genes in common for both, namely OsIAA3, OsEXPA10, OsCYP75B4, OsSultr3;4, and OsFER2, which were associated with three of the common traits for NUE/PUE. Their expression studies using qRT-PCR revealed the opposite regulation in contrasting genotypes for OsSultr3;4 and OsEXPA10 in N-response and for OsFER2 in P-response, indicating their role in contrasting N/P use efficiencies. Overall, CR Dhan 301 has the highest NUE and PUE followed by Panvel 1 and BPT5204 among the studied genotypes.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nelso P. Navarro, Pirjo Huovinen, Jocelyn Jofre, Iván Gómez
The short-term effects of UV radiation and low temperature on ultrastructure, photosynthetic activity (measured as the maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II: Fv/Fm), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) contents, and UV-absorbing compounds on the carpospores of Iridaea cordata from a sub-Antarctic population were investigated. Exposure to both photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and PAR + UV for 4 h caused ultrastructural modifications in all treatments. Under PAR + UV at 2 °C, a disruption of the chloroplast’s internal organization was observed. Plastoglobuli were often found in carpospores exposed to 2 °C. ‘Electron dense particles’, resembling physodes of brown algae, were detected for the first time in cells exposed to PAR and PAR + UV at 8 °C. Fv/Fm decreased following 4 h exposure at 2 °C under PAR + UV (64%) and PAR (25%). At 8 °C, Fv/Fm declined by 21% only under PAR + UV. The photosynthesis of carpospores previously treated with UV partially recovered after a 4 h exposure under dim light. UV-absorbing compounds were degraded in all radiation and temperature treatments without recovery after a 4 h dim light period. Chl-a did not change, whereas total carotenoids increased under PAR at 8 °C The study indicates that although carpospores of I. cordata exhibit photoprotective mechanisms, UV radiation strongly damages their ultrastructure and physiology, which were exacerbated under low temperatures.
研究了紫外线辐射和低温对亚热带鸢尾（Iridaea cordata）鲤鱼孢子的超微结构、光合作用活性（以光系统 II 的最大光化学量子产率 Fv/Fm 度量）、叶绿素-a（Chl-a）含量和紫外线吸收化合物的短期影响。在所有处理中，暴露于光合有效辐射（PAR）和 PAR + 紫外线 4 小时都会引起超微结构的改变。在 2 °C 的 PAR + 紫外线条件下，叶绿体的内部组织被破坏。在暴露于 2 ℃ 的鲤形体中经常发现质球。在 PAR 和 PAR + 紫外线（8 °C）条件下暴露的细胞中首次检测到 "电子致密颗粒"，类似于褐藻的藻体。在 PAR + UV（64%）和 PAR（25%）条件下，在 2 °C下暴露 4 小时后，Fv/Fm 下降。在 8 °C时，只有在 PAR + UV条件下，Fv/Fm才下降了21%。经过紫外线处理的鲤鱼孢子在暗光下暴露 4 小时后，光合作用部分恢复。在所有的辐射和温度处理中，紫外线吸收化合物都发生了降解，但在昏暗光照 4 小时后没有恢复。研究表明，虽然虫草鲤孢子具有光保护机制，但紫外线辐射会严重破坏它们的超微结构和生理机能，在低温条件下更会加剧这种破坏。
{"title":"Temperature Dependence and the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Ultrastructure and Photosynthetic Activity of Carpospores in Sub-Antarctic Red Alga Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory 1826","authors":"Nelso P. Navarro, Pirjo Huovinen, Jocelyn Jofre, Iván Gómez","doi":"10.3390/plants13182547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182547","url":null,"abstract":"The short-term effects of UV radiation and low temperature on ultrastructure, photosynthetic activity (measured as the maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II: Fv/Fm), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) contents, and UV-absorbing compounds on the carpospores of Iridaea cordata from a sub-Antarctic population were investigated. Exposure to both photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and PAR + UV for 4 h caused ultrastructural modifications in all treatments. Under PAR + UV at 2 °C, a disruption of the chloroplast’s internal organization was observed. Plastoglobuli were often found in carpospores exposed to 2 °C. ‘Electron dense particles’, resembling physodes of brown algae, were detected for the first time in cells exposed to PAR and PAR + UV at 8 °C. Fv/Fm decreased following 4 h exposure at 2 °C under PAR + UV (64%) and PAR (25%). At 8 °C, Fv/Fm declined by 21% only under PAR + UV. The photosynthesis of carpospores previously treated with UV partially recovered after a 4 h exposure under dim light. UV-absorbing compounds were degraded in all radiation and temperature treatments without recovery after a 4 h dim light period. Chl-a did not change, whereas total carotenoids increased under PAR at 8 °C The study indicates that although carpospores of I. cordata exhibit photoprotective mechanisms, UV radiation strongly damages their ultrastructure and physiology, which were exacerbated under low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is evidence to suggest that vascular epiphytes experience low competition for resources (light, water, and nutrients) compared to terrestrial plants. We tested the hypothesis that low resource competition may lead to higher nestedness among vascular epiphyte assemblages compared to trees. We studied the species composition and biomass of epiphytes and trees along an elevation gradient in a tropical dry forest in SW Ecuador. Both life-forms were inventoried on 25 plots of 400 m2 across five elevation levels (550–1250 m). Tree species density and total species richness increased with elevation, whereas basal area and biomass did not show significant trends. Epiphyte species density and richness both increased strongly with elevation, in parallel to biomass. Plot-level compositional changes were similarly strong for both life-forms. We attribute elevational increases in the species richness of trees and epiphytes to increasing humidity, i.e., more mesic growth conditions. We attribute the more pronounced elevational increase in epiphyte biomass, species density, and richness—the latter coupled with a higher degree of nestedness—to the greater moisture dependency of epiphytes and relatively low direct competition for resources. Our study provides a first comparison of elevational trends in epiphyte and tree diversity and biomass for a tropical dry forest.
{"title":"Diverging Elevational Patterns of Tree vs. Epiphyte Species Density, Beta Diversity, and Biomass in a Tropical Dry Forest","authors":"Florian A. Werner, Jürgen Homeier","doi":"10.3390/plants13182555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182555","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence to suggest that vascular epiphytes experience low competition for resources (light, water, and nutrients) compared to terrestrial plants. We tested the hypothesis that low resource competition may lead to higher nestedness among vascular epiphyte assemblages compared to trees. We studied the species composition and biomass of epiphytes and trees along an elevation gradient in a tropical dry forest in SW Ecuador. Both life-forms were inventoried on 25 plots of 400 m2 across five elevation levels (550–1250 m). Tree species density and total species richness increased with elevation, whereas basal area and biomass did not show significant trends. Epiphyte species density and richness both increased strongly with elevation, in parallel to biomass. Plot-level compositional changes were similarly strong for both life-forms. We attribute elevational increases in the species richness of trees and epiphytes to increasing humidity, i.e., more mesic growth conditions. We attribute the more pronounced elevational increase in epiphyte biomass, species density, and richness—the latter coupled with a higher degree of nestedness—to the greater moisture dependency of epiphytes and relatively low direct competition for resources. Our study provides a first comparison of elevational trends in epiphyte and tree diversity and biomass for a tropical dry forest.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anastasia K. Atabekova, Ekaterina A. Lazareva, Alexander A. Lezzhov, Sergei A. Golyshev, Boris I. Skulachev, Sergey Y. Morozov, Andrey G. Solovyev
Movement proteins (MPs) encoded by plant viruses are essential for cell-to-cell transport of viral genomes through plasmodesmata. The genome of hibiscus green spot virus contains a module of two MP genes termed ‘binary movement block’ (BMB), encoding the proteins BMB1 and BMB2. Here, BMB1 is shown to induce a defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana plants that inhibits BMB-dependent virus transport. This response is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition in the cell wall, and upregulation of 9-LOX expression. However, the BMB1-induced response is inhibited by coexpression with BMB2. Furthermore, BMB1 is found to localize to subnuclear structures, in particular to Cajal bodies, in addition to the cytoplasm. As shown in experiments with a BMB1 mutant, the localization of BMB1 to nuclear substructures enhances BMB-dependent virus transport. Thus, the virus transport mediated by BMB proteins is modulated by (i) a BMB1-induced defense response that inhibits transport, (ii) suppression of the BMB1-induced response by BMB2, and (iii) the nuclear localization of BMB1 that promotes virus transport. Collectively, the data presented demonstrate multiple levels of interactions between viral pathogens and their plant hosts during virus cell-to-cell transport.
{"title":"Defense Responses Induced by Viral Movement Protein and Its Nuclear Localization Modulate Virus Cell-to-Cell Transport","authors":"Anastasia K. Atabekova, Ekaterina A. Lazareva, Alexander A. Lezzhov, Sergei A. Golyshev, Boris I. Skulachev, Sergey Y. Morozov, Andrey G. Solovyev","doi":"10.3390/plants13182550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182550","url":null,"abstract":"Movement proteins (MPs) encoded by plant viruses are essential for cell-to-cell transport of viral genomes through plasmodesmata. The genome of hibiscus green spot virus contains a module of two MP genes termed ‘binary movement block’ (BMB), encoding the proteins BMB1 and BMB2. Here, BMB1 is shown to induce a defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana plants that inhibits BMB-dependent virus transport. This response is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition in the cell wall, and upregulation of 9-LOX expression. However, the BMB1-induced response is inhibited by coexpression with BMB2. Furthermore, BMB1 is found to localize to subnuclear structures, in particular to Cajal bodies, in addition to the cytoplasm. As shown in experiments with a BMB1 mutant, the localization of BMB1 to nuclear substructures enhances BMB-dependent virus transport. Thus, the virus transport mediated by BMB proteins is modulated by (i) a BMB1-induced defense response that inhibits transport, (ii) suppression of the BMB1-induced response by BMB2, and (iii) the nuclear localization of BMB1 that promotes virus transport. Collectively, the data presented demonstrate multiple levels of interactions between viral pathogens and their plant hosts during virus cell-to-cell transport.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karima Ben Mansour, Josef Špak, Petr Komínek, Miloslav Zouhar, Pavel Ryšánek, Adrian J. Gibbs
The Erysimum latent virus (ELV), a tymovirus, was first isolated from several wild and cultivated brassicas in Germany. Its virions were shown to be serologically distinct from those of the turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), which is also found in wild and cultivated plants in several European countries but also in other parts of the world. TYMV and ELV were among the first plant viruses to have had their genomes sequenced, and when other tymovirus genomes were sequenced, it was found that, in phylogenies, ELV is probably the basal outlier to all other tymoviruses. Here, we report the near-complete genomic sequence of another isolate of ELV from Czechia. This isolate was found in 1990 in Sisymbrium altissimum plants showing mosaic symptoms. It was detected using ELISA tests and electron microscopy. We have now sequenced the full coding sequence of this isolate using contemporary high throughput methods and found that the German and Czech isolates of ELV are closely related and are of the same virus species.
莴苣潜伏病毒（Erysimum latent virus，ELV）是一种酪病毒，最早是从德国的几种野生和栽培莴苣中分离出来的。其病毒与芜菁黄镶嵌病毒（TYMV）的病毒在血清学上截然不同，后者也存在于欧洲多个国家以及世界其他地区的野生和栽培植物中。TYMV和ELV是最早对其基因组进行测序的植物病毒之一，当对其他斑潜蝇病毒基因组进行测序时，发现在系统发育中，ELV可能是所有其他斑潜蝇病毒的基干。在此，我们报告了来自捷克的另一个ELV分离株的近乎完整的基因组序列。该分离株于 1990 年在出现马赛克症状的茜草植物中发现。它是通过 ELISA 试验和电子显微镜检测到的。现在，我们利用现代高通量方法对该分离株的全编码序列进行了测序，发现德国和捷克的 ELV 分离株关系密切，属于同一病毒种类。
{"title":"Genomic Sequence of a Czech Isolate of Erysimum Latent Virus from Sisymbrium altissimum","authors":"Karima Ben Mansour, Josef Špak, Petr Komínek, Miloslav Zouhar, Pavel Ryšánek, Adrian J. Gibbs","doi":"10.3390/plants13182554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182554","url":null,"abstract":"The Erysimum latent virus (ELV), a tymovirus, was first isolated from several wild and cultivated brassicas in Germany. Its virions were shown to be serologically distinct from those of the turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), which is also found in wild and cultivated plants in several European countries but also in other parts of the world. TYMV and ELV were among the first plant viruses to have had their genomes sequenced, and when other tymovirus genomes were sequenced, it was found that, in phylogenies, ELV is probably the basal outlier to all other tymoviruses. Here, we report the near-complete genomic sequence of another isolate of ELV from Czechia. This isolate was found in 1990 in Sisymbrium altissimum plants showing mosaic symptoms. It was detected using ELISA tests and electron microscopy. We have now sequenced the full coding sequence of this isolate using contemporary high throughput methods and found that the German and Czech isolates of ELV are closely related and are of the same virus species.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important agricultural commodity with substantial economic and nutritional value, widely used for various products, including coconut water. The sweetness is an important quality trait of coconut water, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we utilized next-generation sequencing to identify genetic variations in the coconut genome associated with the sweetness of coconut water. Whole-genome resequencing of 49 coconut accessions, including diverse germplasm and an F2 population of 81 individuals, revealed ~27 M SNPs and ~1.5 M InDels. Sugar content measured by °Bx was highly variable across all accessions tested, with dwarf varieties generally sweeter. A comprehensive analysis of the sugar profiles revealed that sucrose was the major sugar contributing to sweetness. Allele mining of the 148 genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport and genotype–phenotype association tests revealed two significant SNPs in the hexose carrier protein (Cnu01G018720) and sucrose synthase (Cnu09G011120) genes associated with the higher sugar content in both the germplasm and F2 populations. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of coconut sweetness and offers molecular markers for breeding programs aimed at improving coconut water quality. The identified variants can improve the selection process in breeding high-quality sweet coconut varieties and thus support the economic sustainability of coconut cultivation.
椰子（Cocos nucifera L.）是一种重要的农产品，具有巨大的经济和营养价值，被广泛用于生产包括椰子汁在内的各种产品。甜度是椰子水的一个重要质量性状，受遗传和环境因素的影响。在这项研究中，我们利用下一代测序技术鉴定了椰子基因组中与椰子汁甜度相关的遗传变异。对 49 个椰子品种（包括不同的种质和由 81 个个体组成的 F2 群体）进行的全基因组重测序发现了 ~27 M SNPs 和 ~1.5 M InDels。用 °Bx 测量的含糖量在所有测试品种中差异很大，矮化品种通常更甜。对糖分特征的综合分析表明，蔗糖是产生甜味的主要糖分。对参与糖代谢和转运的 148 个基因进行等位基因挖掘以及基因型与表型关联测试发现，在种质和 F2 群体中，己糖载体蛋白（Cnu01G018720）和蔗糖合成酶（Cnu09G011120）基因中的两个显著 SNP 与较高的含糖量有关。这项研究为椰子甜度的遗传基础提供了宝贵的见解，并为旨在改善椰子水质的育种计划提供了分子标记。鉴定出的变异可改进优质甜椰子品种的选育过程，从而支持椰子种植的经济可持续性。
{"title":"Whole-Genome Resequencing Identifies SNPs in Sucrose Synthase and Sugar Transporter Genes Associated with Sweetness in Coconut","authors":"Manlika Khongmaluan, Wanchana Aesomnuk, Reajina Dumhai, Mutiara K. Pitaloka, Yong Xiao, Rui Xia, Tippaya Kraithong, Natthaporn Phonsatta, Atikorn Panya, Vinitchan Ruanjaichon, Samart Wanchana, Siwaret Arikit","doi":"10.3390/plants13182548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182548","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important agricultural commodity with substantial economic and nutritional value, widely used for various products, including coconut water. The sweetness is an important quality trait of coconut water, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we utilized next-generation sequencing to identify genetic variations in the coconut genome associated with the sweetness of coconut water. Whole-genome resequencing of 49 coconut accessions, including diverse germplasm and an F2 population of 81 individuals, revealed ~27 M SNPs and ~1.5 M InDels. Sugar content measured by °Bx was highly variable across all accessions tested, with dwarf varieties generally sweeter. A comprehensive analysis of the sugar profiles revealed that sucrose was the major sugar contributing to sweetness. Allele mining of the 148 genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport and genotype–phenotype association tests revealed two significant SNPs in the hexose carrier protein (Cnu01G018720) and sucrose synthase (Cnu09G011120) genes associated with the higher sugar content in both the germplasm and F2 populations. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of coconut sweetness and offers molecular markers for breeding programs aimed at improving coconut water quality. The identified variants can improve the selection process in breeding high-quality sweet coconut varieties and thus support the economic sustainability of coconut cultivation.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gordana Tamindžić, Dragana Miljaković, Maja Ignjatov, Jegor Miladinović, Vuk Đorđević, Dragana Milošević, Dušica Jovičić, Slobodan Vlajić, Dragana Budakov, Mila Grahovac
In soybean production, numerous strategies are utilized to enhance seed quality and mitigate the effects of biotic and abiotic stressors. Zn-based nutrient priming has been shown to be effective for field crops, and biopriming is a strategy that is becoming increasingly important for sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, there is a lack of information about the effect of comprehensive nutrient priming and biopriming techniques on soybean seed quality and viability and seed health. This study was performed to assess the benefits of nutrient priming with Zn, biopriming with Bacillus megaterium and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (single and co-inoculation), and combination of nutrient priming and biopriming on the seed quality and viability, as well as seed infection caused by Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. Three different laboratory tests were employed: germination test, accelerated aging test, and seed health test. The results revealed that all tested priming treatments have a beneficial effect on seed germination, initial plant growth, and reduction of seed infection in normal and aged seeds. Additionally, comprehensive priming with Zn, Bacillus megaterium, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum reduced the occurrence of Alternaria spp. (−84% and −75%) and Fusarium spp. (−91% and −88%) on soybean seeds in the germination and accelerated aging tests, respectively, as compared to the control, which proved to be the most effective treatment in both optimal and stressful conditions.
{"title":"Impact of Simultaneous Nutrient Priming and Biopriming on Soybean Seed Quality and Health","authors":"Gordana Tamindžić, Dragana Miljaković, Maja Ignjatov, Jegor Miladinović, Vuk Đorđević, Dragana Milošević, Dušica Jovičić, Slobodan Vlajić, Dragana Budakov, Mila Grahovac","doi":"10.3390/plants13182557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182557","url":null,"abstract":"In soybean production, numerous strategies are utilized to enhance seed quality and mitigate the effects of biotic and abiotic stressors. Zn-based nutrient priming has been shown to be effective for field crops, and biopriming is a strategy that is becoming increasingly important for sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, there is a lack of information about the effect of comprehensive nutrient priming and biopriming techniques on soybean seed quality and viability and seed health. This study was performed to assess the benefits of nutrient priming with Zn, biopriming with Bacillus megaterium and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (single and co-inoculation), and combination of nutrient priming and biopriming on the seed quality and viability, as well as seed infection caused by Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. Three different laboratory tests were employed: germination test, accelerated aging test, and seed health test. The results revealed that all tested priming treatments have a beneficial effect on seed germination, initial plant growth, and reduction of seed infection in normal and aged seeds. Additionally, comprehensive priming with Zn, Bacillus megaterium, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum reduced the occurrence of Alternaria spp. (−84% and −75%) and Fusarium spp. (−91% and −88%) on soybean seeds in the germination and accelerated aging tests, respectively, as compared to the control, which proved to be the most effective treatment in both optimal and stressful conditions.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Munyengabe, Ledwaba Samuel Kamogelo, Titus Yeliku-ang Ngmenzuma, Maria Fezile Banda
The disposal of coal fly ash (CFA) generated from coal-fired power stations has serious impact on the ecosystem, by converting large pieces of land to barren ash dams with the potential to contaminate groundwater, surface water, air and soil. The aim of this study was to clarify the potential of phytoremediation using Helichrysum splendidum (Thunb.) Less. in areas polluted by CFA through conduction of pot trial experiments for 14 weeks. Plants of the same age were cultivated in CFA to assess their growth, photosynthetic rate and tolerance towards metal toxicity. This study revealed that the CFA was moderately polluted with heavy metals, and a lower photosynthetic rate was recorded for the CFA plants in comparison to the controls (plants grown in soil). Although the CO2 assimilation rate was lower for the CFA plants, increased growth was recorded for all the plants tested. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the amount of trace elements in samples and parameters including translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) were used to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of H. splendidum (Thunb.) Less. The results revealed that higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Pb were accumulated in the roots, while As, Ni and Zn were found in the shoots. Elements including As, Cr and Zn reported TF values above 1, indicating the plants’ phytoextraction potential. The BCF values for As, Cu and Zn were 1.22, 1.19 and 1.03, indicating effectiveness in the phytostabilization processes. A removal rate efficiency ranging from 18.0 to 56.7% was recorded confirming that, H. splendidum (Thunb.) Less. can be employed for restoration of CFA dams.
燃煤发电站产生的粉煤灰（CFA）会将大片土地变成荒芜的灰坝，可能会污染地下水、地表水、空气和土壤，对生态系统造成严重影响。本研究的目的是通过进行为期 14 周的盆栽试验，阐明在受 CFA 污染的地区使用白花杭白菊（Thunb.）在 CFA 中培育同龄植物，以评估其生长、光合速率和对金属毒性的耐受性。研究结果表明，CFA 受到中度重金属污染，与对照组（在土壤中生长的植物）相比，CFA 植物的光合速率较低。虽然 CFA 植物的二氧化碳同化率较低，但所有受测植物的生长速度都有所提高。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对样品中的痕量元素进行定量，并利用转位因子（TF）和生物富集因子（BCF）等参数来评估白芨（Thunb.）的植物修复潜力。结果表明，根部积累了较高浓度的镉、钴、铬、铜、锰和铅，而芽部则积累了砷、镍和锌。砷、铬和锌等元素的 TF 值均高于 1，表明植物具有植物萃取潜力。砷、铜和锌的生物浓缩系数值分别为 1.22、1.19 和 1.03，表明植物稳定过程的有效性。白芨（Thunb.）Less.的去除率从 18.0% 到 56.7% 不等，这证明白芨可用于修复 CFA 大坝。
{"title":"The Potential of Helichsryum splendidum (Thunb.) Less. for the Restoration of Sites Polluted with Coal Fly Ash","authors":"Alexis Munyengabe, Ledwaba Samuel Kamogelo, Titus Yeliku-ang Ngmenzuma, Maria Fezile Banda","doi":"10.3390/plants13182551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182551","url":null,"abstract":"The disposal of coal fly ash (CFA) generated from coal-fired power stations has serious impact on the ecosystem, by converting large pieces of land to barren ash dams with the potential to contaminate groundwater, surface water, air and soil. The aim of this study was to clarify the potential of phytoremediation using Helichrysum splendidum (Thunb.) Less. in areas polluted by CFA through conduction of pot trial experiments for 14 weeks. Plants of the same age were cultivated in CFA to assess their growth, photosynthetic rate and tolerance towards metal toxicity. This study revealed that the CFA was moderately polluted with heavy metals, and a lower photosynthetic rate was recorded for the CFA plants in comparison to the controls (plants grown in soil). Although the CO2 assimilation rate was lower for the CFA plants, increased growth was recorded for all the plants tested. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the amount of trace elements in samples and parameters including translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) were used to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of H. splendidum (Thunb.) Less. The results revealed that higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Pb were accumulated in the roots, while As, Ni and Zn were found in the shoots. Elements including As, Cr and Zn reported TF values above 1, indicating the plants’ phytoextraction potential. The BCF values for As, Cu and Zn were 1.22, 1.19 and 1.03, indicating effectiveness in the phytostabilization processes. A removal rate efficiency ranging from 18.0 to 56.7% was recorded confirming that, H. splendidum (Thunb.) Less. can be employed for restoration of CFA dams.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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