J. Lademann, M. Meinke, S. B. Lohan, S. Schanzer, M. Darvin
Abstract: Skin aging is determined by genetic aspects and by the action of free radicals. At small concentrations, these reactive molecules contribute essentially to signaling processes in the human organism. If their concentration exceeds a critical threshold, the free radicals can destroy cells and cell compartments. The human organism has developed a protective antioxidant system against the detrimental action of free radicals. Most of these antioxidants cannot be produced in the human body but have to be ingested with food rich in antioxidants, for instance with fruit and vegetables. Resonance Raman and reflectance spectroscopy was used to detect carotenoids, which represent marker substances for the whole antioxidative potential in human skin. It could be demonstrated that the antioxidant status of the skin reflects the nutritional and stress behavior of human subjects. Increasing the concentration of cutaneous antioxidants by topical or systemic application could be an appropriate way to reduce the destructive action of the free radicals. Consequently, high antioxidant concentrations in human skin might be an efficient mechanism to prevent skin aging.
{"title":"Experiences on the influence of different behaviors on antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in the human skin","authors":"J. Lademann, M. Meinke, S. B. Lohan, S. Schanzer, M. Darvin","doi":"10.1515/plm-2015-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2015-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Skin aging is determined by genetic aspects and by the action of free radicals. At small concentrations, these reactive molecules contribute essentially to signaling processes in the human organism. If their concentration exceeds a critical threshold, the free radicals can destroy cells and cell compartments. The human organism has developed a protective antioxidant system against the detrimental action of free radicals. Most of these antioxidants cannot be produced in the human body but have to be ingested with food rich in antioxidants, for instance with fruit and vegetables. Resonance Raman and reflectance spectroscopy was used to detect carotenoids, which represent marker substances for the whole antioxidative potential in human skin. It could be demonstrated that the antioxidant status of the skin reflects the nutritional and stress behavior of human subjects. Increasing the concentration of cutaneous antioxidants by topical or systemic application could be an appropriate way to reduce the destructive action of the free radicals. Consequently, high antioxidant concentrations in human skin might be an efficient mechanism to prevent skin aging.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":"291 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84791236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mungnirandr, Suwanna Wiriyakamolphan, R. Ruangtrakool, Monawat Ngerncham, Sureerat Tumrongsombutsakul, Bungorn Leumcharoen
Abstract Objective: Use of a CO2 laser for cutting and coagulation during circumcision has been reported to give excellent results, and tissue glue has been reported to have advantages over sutures for approximation of wound edges. Most previous studies have focused on the comparison between use of a CO2 laser and scalpel, or between tissue glue and sutures. This study compares results and complications between the combined use of a CO2 laser and tissue glue, and standard surgical techniques for circumcision. Subjects and methods: Thirty boys were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=17) underwent circumcision using a scalpel with approximation of the wound edges using chromic catgut sutures. Group 2 (n=13) underwent circumcision using a CO2 laser with approximation of the wound edges using tissue glue. Patient age, indications for surgery, operation time, wound swelling, bleeding, wound infection, local irritation, pain score, and cosmetic appearance were recorded. Results: Group 1 (scalpel+sutures) had a significantly longer operation time (p=0.011), a higher rate of local irritation (p=0.016), and poorer cosmetic appearance (p<0.001) than Group 2 (laser+glue). Bleeding occurred in one patient in Group 1 only. There were no significant differences in pain score, wound infection rate, or the cost of surgery between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The combined use of a CO2 laser and tissue glue has advantages over standard surgical techniques for circumcision, with a significantly shorter operation time, lower rate of local irritation, and better cosmetic appearance. The cost of surgery is similar in both groups.
{"title":"Combined use of CO2 laser and tissue glue versus conventional surgical techniques for circumcision – A prospective study","authors":"A. Mungnirandr, Suwanna Wiriyakamolphan, R. Ruangtrakool, Monawat Ngerncham, Sureerat Tumrongsombutsakul, Bungorn Leumcharoen","doi":"10.1515/plm-2015-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2015-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Use of a CO2 laser for cutting and coagulation during circumcision has been reported to give excellent results, and tissue glue has been reported to have advantages over sutures for approximation of wound edges. Most previous studies have focused on the comparison between use of a CO2 laser and scalpel, or between tissue glue and sutures. This study compares results and complications between the combined use of a CO2 laser and tissue glue, and standard surgical techniques for circumcision. Subjects and methods: Thirty boys were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=17) underwent circumcision using a scalpel with approximation of the wound edges using chromic catgut sutures. Group 2 (n=13) underwent circumcision using a CO2 laser with approximation of the wound edges using tissue glue. Patient age, indications for surgery, operation time, wound swelling, bleeding, wound infection, local irritation, pain score, and cosmetic appearance were recorded. Results: Group 1 (scalpel+sutures) had a significantly longer operation time (p=0.011), a higher rate of local irritation (p=0.016), and poorer cosmetic appearance (p<0.001) than Group 2 (laser+glue). Bleeding occurred in one patient in Group 1 only. There were no significant differences in pain score, wound infection rate, or the cost of surgery between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The combined use of a CO2 laser and tissue glue has advantages over standard surgical techniques for circumcision, with a significantly shorter operation time, lower rate of local irritation, and better cosmetic appearance. The cost of surgery is similar in both groups.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"227 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77596439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Philipp, Anis Almohamad, M. Adam, J. Becker-Köhnlein, H. Berlien, U. Müller, M. Poetke, P. Urban
Abstract Background and objective: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) also known as “eruptive hemangioma”, “granulation tissue-type hemangioma”, “granuloma gravidarum”, or “lobular capillary hemangioma”, are well-demarcated, rapidly exophytic growing benign, usually pedunculated red (vascular) tumors on skin or mucosa. They belong to the group of capillary angiomas, but differ from infantile hemangioma. Occurrence is mostly posttraumatic, but also spontaneously, especially in children and pregnant women. A high risk of complication as bleeding or infection results from the vulnerable surface. Conventional surgical excision, cautery or cryotherapy may lead to relapse in addition to visible scar formation. Thus we remove PGs using laser, in most of cases with a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser. Methods: Before therapy, PGs of skin were initially rated in size and vascularization using color-coded duplex sonography. Usually the Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was employed. Laser settings and techniques were adjusted appropriately; i.e. pulsed, chopped or continuous wave for in-situ coagulation, in impression technique or by direct coagulation. Bigger and more pedunculated tumors have been coagulated at the base in a perpendicular fashion with bare fiber. The present paper is a retrospective cohort study of PGs which have been treated since the year 2000 in our clinic at the Ev. Elisabeth Klinik Berlin, Germany. In order to review our learning curve, the patients were divided into two groups according to the period of treatment: 1) patient group between the years 2000–2004; 2) patient group between the years 2005–2013. Results: In total, 450 patients with 454 PGs were treated between the years 2000–2013. The size of PGs at time of treatment was 2–15 mm. Forty percent of PGs showed former bleeding. Seventy-six percent (n=344) of PGs occurred during the first two decades of life; 60% of cases in this group (n=205) occurred during the first 5 years of age. Taken as a whole, no gender predominance (♂: 52%; ♀: 48%) was found. Interestingly in the first year of age there was a male predominance (♂: 61%); in contrary a female predominance (♀: 63%) in middle age was seen. Eighty percent of angiomas were located in the head-neck region, particularly on eyelids. In the years 2000–2004, 70% of cases were treated with the Nd:YAG laser; a single session was sufficient in 93% of this cases, and the recurrence rate was 7%. In contrast, in the years 2005–2013, Nd:YAG laser treatment was performed in 94% of cases with a recurrence rate of less than 4%. The most effective application mode was the use of the Nd:YAG bare fiber technique, for both coagulation in situ and radical removal with <1% recurrences. No complications such as postoperative bleeding or infection appeared. Clinical outcome was scored by two independent evaluators blinded to type and number of treatments by rating the postoperative control images and could be completed for 199 out of 450 patients. The cosmetic results, espe
{"title":"Pyogenic granuloma – Nd:YAG laser treatment in 450 patients","authors":"C. Philipp, Anis Almohamad, M. Adam, J. Becker-Köhnlein, H. Berlien, U. Müller, M. Poetke, P. Urban","doi":"10.1515/plm-2015-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2015-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background and objective: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) also known as “eruptive hemangioma”, “granulation tissue-type hemangioma”, “granuloma gravidarum”, or “lobular capillary hemangioma”, are well-demarcated, rapidly exophytic growing benign, usually pedunculated red (vascular) tumors on skin or mucosa. They belong to the group of capillary angiomas, but differ from infantile hemangioma. Occurrence is mostly posttraumatic, but also spontaneously, especially in children and pregnant women. A high risk of complication as bleeding or infection results from the vulnerable surface. Conventional surgical excision, cautery or cryotherapy may lead to relapse in addition to visible scar formation. Thus we remove PGs using laser, in most of cases with a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser. Methods: Before therapy, PGs of skin were initially rated in size and vascularization using color-coded duplex sonography. Usually the Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was employed. Laser settings and techniques were adjusted appropriately; i.e. pulsed, chopped or continuous wave for in-situ coagulation, in impression technique or by direct coagulation. Bigger and more pedunculated tumors have been coagulated at the base in a perpendicular fashion with bare fiber. The present paper is a retrospective cohort study of PGs which have been treated since the year 2000 in our clinic at the Ev. Elisabeth Klinik Berlin, Germany. In order to review our learning curve, the patients were divided into two groups according to the period of treatment: 1) patient group between the years 2000–2004; 2) patient group between the years 2005–2013. Results: In total, 450 patients with 454 PGs were treated between the years 2000–2013. The size of PGs at time of treatment was 2–15 mm. Forty percent of PGs showed former bleeding. Seventy-six percent (n=344) of PGs occurred during the first two decades of life; 60% of cases in this group (n=205) occurred during the first 5 years of age. Taken as a whole, no gender predominance (♂: 52%; ♀: 48%) was found. Interestingly in the first year of age there was a male predominance (♂: 61%); in contrary a female predominance (♀: 63%) in middle age was seen. Eighty percent of angiomas were located in the head-neck region, particularly on eyelids. In the years 2000–2004, 70% of cases were treated with the Nd:YAG laser; a single session was sufficient in 93% of this cases, and the recurrence rate was 7%. In contrast, in the years 2005–2013, Nd:YAG laser treatment was performed in 94% of cases with a recurrence rate of less than 4%. The most effective application mode was the use of the Nd:YAG bare fiber technique, for both coagulation in situ and radical removal with <1% recurrences. No complications such as postoperative bleeding or infection appeared. Clinical outcome was scored by two independent evaluators blinded to type and number of treatments by rating the postoperative control images and could be completed for 199 out of 450 patients. The cosmetic results, espe","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"215 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85442235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lívia Assis, Ana Cláudia Muniz Rennó, C. Bublitz, Aya Hirai, Gabriela Harada, H. Kido, Fernanda de Freitas Anibal, L. Yamauchi
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the modulation of the systemic inflammatory processes and skeletal muscle morphology in an experimental sepsis model (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP). Study design: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG); sepsis group (SG) where rats were submitted to CLP but without LLLT treatment, and the sepsis laser-treated group (SLG). Laser irradiation (GaAlAs laser, continuous wave, 808 nm, 30 mW, 48 s, 30 J/cm2, 0.028 cm2, 1.07 mW/cm2) was performed immediately after surgery and every 24 h at 4 points (on the middle of tibialis anterior and diaphragm, bilaterally), through the punctual contact technique. All sepsis animals were sacrificed at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-surgery. The immunohistochemistry analysis was used to verify the expression of proteins related to the regulation of muscle wasting (MuRF-1 and atrogin). In order to investigate the action of LLLT on inflammatory mediators in the rat sepsis model, two inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the laser-treated animals presented a lower IL-6 activity and decreased atrogin and MuRF-1 immunoexpression. However, no difference was observed in muscle cross-sectional area between the experimental groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that LLLT was able to decrease the systemic inflammation and muscle atrophy markers, preventing muscle protein degradation.
{"title":"Laser therapy modulates systemic inflammatory processes and muscle atrophy in an experimental model of sepsis in rats","authors":"Lívia Assis, Ana Cláudia Muniz Rennó, C. Bublitz, Aya Hirai, Gabriela Harada, H. Kido, Fernanda de Freitas Anibal, L. Yamauchi","doi":"10.1515/plm-2015-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2015-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the modulation of the systemic inflammatory processes and skeletal muscle morphology in an experimental sepsis model (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP). Study design: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG); sepsis group (SG) where rats were submitted to CLP but without LLLT treatment, and the sepsis laser-treated group (SLG). Laser irradiation (GaAlAs laser, continuous wave, 808 nm, 30 mW, 48 s, 30 J/cm2, 0.028 cm2, 1.07 mW/cm2) was performed immediately after surgery and every 24 h at 4 points (on the middle of tibialis anterior and diaphragm, bilaterally), through the punctual contact technique. All sepsis animals were sacrificed at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-surgery. The immunohistochemistry analysis was used to verify the expression of proteins related to the regulation of muscle wasting (MuRF-1 and atrogin). In order to investigate the action of LLLT on inflammatory mediators in the rat sepsis model, two inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the laser-treated animals presented a lower IL-6 activity and decreased atrogin and MuRF-1 immunoexpression. However, no difference was observed in muscle cross-sectional area between the experimental groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that LLLT was able to decrease the systemic inflammation and muscle atrophy markers, preventing muscle protein degradation.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"241 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83678313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lasers in surgery","authors":"Carsten M. Philipp, M. Trelles","doi":"10.1515/plm-2015-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2015-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"9 12 1","pages":"207 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87717357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Lung metastases occur during the course of the disease in many types of cancer. If the basic disorder is under control and there are no distant or mediastinal lymph node metastases, removal of the lung metastases can improve long-term survival. Lung metastases are non-anatomically removed from the healthy patient if they have not infiltrated any central bronchi or blood vessels. Nd:YAG lasers are particularly suitable for this. They cut the lung parenchyma and at the same time coagulate the resected surface. This means that large numbers of lung metastases can be removed with little bleeding. Modern Nd:YAG lasers (wavelength 1318 nm) are more efficient to use because the laser power is greater (80–100 W). This shortens the operation time and makes the resected surfaces more airtight. Consequently, resection zones on the surface need no longer to be sutured. The mortality and morbidity of the operations are low. Nd:YAG lasers are now indispensable in the surgical treatment of lung metastases.
{"title":"Nd:YAG Laser surgery of lung metastases","authors":"A. Kirschbaum","doi":"10.1515/plm-2015-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2015-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Lung metastases occur during the course of the disease in many types of cancer. If the basic disorder is under control and there are no distant or mediastinal lymph node metastases, removal of the lung metastases can improve long-term survival. Lung metastases are non-anatomically removed from the healthy patient if they have not infiltrated any central bronchi or blood vessels. Nd:YAG lasers are particularly suitable for this. They cut the lung parenchyma and at the same time coagulate the resected surface. This means that large numbers of lung metastases can be removed with little bleeding. Modern Nd:YAG lasers (wavelength 1318 nm) are more efficient to use because the laser power is greater (80–100 W). This shortens the operation time and makes the resected surfaces more airtight. Consequently, resection zones on the surface need no longer to be sutured. The mortality and morbidity of the operations are low. Nd:YAG lasers are now indispensable in the surgical treatment of lung metastases.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"233 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84835740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Oral sclerotic chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGvHD) represents a distinctive phenotype of cGvHD which causes severe disability and morbidity due to impaired oral hygiene and food intake, jaw pain, tightness and discomfort. As it is a rare presentation, there is little published evidence on its management. Here, the case of a patient suffering from stage-2 oral sclerotic cGvHD treated with a bilateral surgical release of fibrous bands performed using a blue light-emitting diode laser (λ=445±5 nm) is presented. This was followed by maintenance of the mouth opening through a specifically designed resin intraoral device. After the laser-assisted surgical procedure, the patient did not experience any bleeding, pain or discomfort, and the mouth opening was increased from 12 mm to 20 mm. Over a 6-month follow-up period, the patient increased and stabilized the mouth opening from 20 mm to 25 mm helping to maintain and improve oral hygiene together with overall comfort and quality of life.
{"title":"Laser surgical treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD)-induced buccal mucosal sclerosis","authors":"K. Rupel, M. Gobbo, G. Ottaviani, M. Biasotto","doi":"10.1515/plm-2015-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2015-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oral sclerotic chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGvHD) represents a distinctive phenotype of cGvHD which causes severe disability and morbidity due to impaired oral hygiene and food intake, jaw pain, tightness and discomfort. As it is a rare presentation, there is little published evidence on its management. Here, the case of a patient suffering from stage-2 oral sclerotic cGvHD treated with a bilateral surgical release of fibrous bands performed using a blue light-emitting diode laser (λ=445±5 nm) is presented. This was followed by maintenance of the mouth opening through a specifically designed resin intraoral device. After the laser-assisted surgical procedure, the patient did not experience any bleeding, pain or discomfort, and the mouth opening was increased from 12 mm to 20 mm. Over a 6-month follow-up period, the patient increased and stabilized the mouth opening from 20 mm to 25 mm helping to maintain and improve oral hygiene together with overall comfort and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"253 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84086844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peiru Wang, Z. Fan, Linglin Zhang, Zheng Huang, Xiuli Wang
Abstract The prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its ester derivatives have been used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dermatology worldwide. In China, ALA-PDT was first used to treat urethral condylomata acuminata and non-melanoma skin cancers in 1997. A powder formulation of ALA hydrochloride was approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of condylomata acuminata in 2007. Large successful experience of treating condylomatas was accumulated compared with Western countries. Meanwhile, numerous clinical studies as well as off-label use of ALA-PDT have been carried out in China. To reflect the progress of ALA-PDT in China, several major Chinese and English databases were searched and published data were reviewed in this article.
{"title":"Review of dermatology use of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in China from 1997 to 2013","authors":"Peiru Wang, Z. Fan, Linglin Zhang, Zheng Huang, Xiuli Wang","doi":"10.1515/plm-2014-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2014-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its ester derivatives have been used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dermatology worldwide. In China, ALA-PDT was first used to treat urethral condylomata acuminata and non-melanoma skin cancers in 1997. A powder formulation of ALA hydrochloride was approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of condylomata acuminata in 2007. Large successful experience of treating condylomatas was accumulated compared with Western countries. Meanwhile, numerous clinical studies as well as off-label use of ALA-PDT have been carried out in China. To reflect the progress of ALA-PDT in China, several major Chinese and English databases were searched and published data were reviewed in this article.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"27 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89135469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Various studies have shown promising results in using Raman spectroscopy (RS) for the detection of skin cancers. In-vivo evaluations showed similar results to those found by trained dermatologists using dermoscopy, the current clinical practice for skin cancer diagnosis. However, dermoscopy is highly subjective which would make an objective, non-invasive diagnostic method useful. Although successful results were achieved, RS is barely applied in clinical routine yet. This review summarizes studies of Raman spectroscopy for skin cancer diagnosis ex vivo and in vivo. The latter has special demands that often lead to a tradeoff between applicability and classification performance. The necessary steps are explained for instrumentation design, handling, data analysis and clinical testing on groups with a sufficient amount of subjects in order to promote the application of RS in a routine clinical setting. A number of methods are summarized which attempt to overcome the ongoing challenge of reducing large background signals. Modifications of RS by combination with other diagnostic methods are summarized that can give a new perspective to future developments in RS.
{"title":"Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination of cancerous and normal skin","authors":"J. Schleusener, C. Reble, M. Meinke, J. Helfmann","doi":"10.1515/plm-2014-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2014-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Various studies have shown promising results in using Raman spectroscopy (RS) for the detection of skin cancers. In-vivo evaluations showed similar results to those found by trained dermatologists using dermoscopy, the current clinical practice for skin cancer diagnosis. However, dermoscopy is highly subjective which would make an objective, non-invasive diagnostic method useful. Although successful results were achieved, RS is barely applied in clinical routine yet. This review summarizes studies of Raman spectroscopy for skin cancer diagnosis ex vivo and in vivo. The latter has special demands that often lead to a tradeoff between applicability and classification performance. The necessary steps are explained for instrumentation design, handling, data analysis and clinical testing on groups with a sufficient amount of subjects in order to promote the application of RS in a routine clinical setting. A number of methods are summarized which attempt to overcome the ongoing challenge of reducing large background signals. Modifications of RS by combination with other diagnostic methods are summarized that can give a new perspective to future developments in RS.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"734 1","pages":"151 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81540996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background and objective: This article describes a new sensor for monitoring oxygen saturation (sO2) and hematocrit (Hct) of blood during cardiopulmonary bypass. The sensor is calibrated without blood and does not need to be adjusted by laboratory blood parameter analysis when in operation. Materials and methods: The optical sensor presented here uses near-infrared spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy. The primary calibration model for a master sensor is derived from the measurement of circulating human blood from a number of different patients with references taken from standard laboratory analysis of blood parameters. Transfer of the calibration model from the master sensor to new sensors is performed by measurement of an optical standard made of artificial material with defined and controlled optical properties. Results: The predicted values of sO2 and Hct exhibit an accuracy of 1.2% for sO2 and 1.1% for Hct compared to the reference values. The optical standard yields optical signals similar to the measurement of blood. After calibration transfer, the mean accuracy of the measurement of 10 sensors is 1.3% for sO2 and 1.2% for Hct. Conclusion: A new sensor with high degree of accuracy for sO2 and Hct compared to commercially available sensor systems is presented. The calibration transfer using optical standards gives a comparable degree of accuracy. The method could be adapted for use with existing sensors. No animal blood needs to be used in calibration process anymore.
{"title":"In-line optical monitoring of oxygen saturation and hematocrit for cardiopulmonary bypass: Adjustment-free and bloodless calibration","authors":"U. Netz, M. Friebel, J. Helfmann","doi":"10.1515/plm-2014-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2014-0053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background and objective: This article describes a new sensor for monitoring oxygen saturation (sO2) and hematocrit (Hct) of blood during cardiopulmonary bypass. The sensor is calibrated without blood and does not need to be adjusted by laboratory blood parameter analysis when in operation. Materials and methods: The optical sensor presented here uses near-infrared spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy. The primary calibration model for a master sensor is derived from the measurement of circulating human blood from a number of different patients with references taken from standard laboratory analysis of blood parameters. Transfer of the calibration model from the master sensor to new sensors is performed by measurement of an optical standard made of artificial material with defined and controlled optical properties. Results: The predicted values of sO2 and Hct exhibit an accuracy of 1.2% for sO2 and 1.1% for Hct compared to the reference values. The optical standard yields optical signals similar to the measurement of blood. After calibration transfer, the mean accuracy of the measurement of 10 sensors is 1.3% for sO2 and 1.2% for Hct. Conclusion: A new sensor with high degree of accuracy for sO2 and Hct compared to commercially available sensor systems is presented. The calibration transfer using optical standards gives a comparable degree of accuracy. The method could be adapted for use with existing sensors. No animal blood needs to be used in calibration process anymore.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":"221 1","pages":"187 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78538494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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