Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2189408
Farida Salihu Muhammad, M. Chia, D. Abolude, Sulaiman Tanimu, Regina Anya Otogo
ABSTRACT The surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is used in various products, but its impact on aquatic organisms like cyanobacteria is poorly understood. PFOS was tested for acute toxicity on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in terms of growth, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant response and microcystin production. When exposed to PFOS, the cyanobacterium was sensitive to it, showing significant inhibition of growth and reduction of pigment content. At the same time, exposure to PFOS resulted in a two-fold increase of the content of total carbohydrates and soluble proteins in the cells of M. aeruginosa. There was a significant increase in MDA and H2O2 levels in cells exposed to PFOS, but not in a concentration-dependent manner. Microcystin content tended to increase in PFOS-exposed cyanobacterial cells, although this change was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that when surfactants like PFOS are used in large quantities or concentrations, they could adversely affect Microcystis populations in the aquatic environment.
{"title":"Growth, antioxidant response and microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to the surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)","authors":"Farida Salihu Muhammad, M. Chia, D. Abolude, Sulaiman Tanimu, Regina Anya Otogo","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2189408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2189408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is used in various products, but its impact on aquatic organisms like cyanobacteria is poorly understood. PFOS was tested for acute toxicity on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in terms of growth, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant response and microcystin production. When exposed to PFOS, the cyanobacterium was sensitive to it, showing significant inhibition of growth and reduction of pigment content. At the same time, exposure to PFOS resulted in a two-fold increase of the content of total carbohydrates and soluble proteins in the cells of M. aeruginosa. There was a significant increase in MDA and H2O2 levels in cells exposed to PFOS, but not in a concentration-dependent manner. Microcystin content tended to increase in PFOS-exposed cyanobacterial cells, although this change was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that when surfactants like PFOS are used in large quantities or concentrations, they could adversely affect Microcystis populations in the aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2188006
N. Chomérat, M. Saburova, Gwenael Bilien, F. Zentz, M. Hoppenrath
ABSTRACT A new thecate, photosynthetic, sand-dwelling marine dinoflagellate, Coutea sabulosa gen. & sp. nov., observed in various locations from temperate to subtropical areas, is described based on detailed morphological and molecular data of material from Germany and Kuwait. Cells of C. sabulosa are oval, small (14.5–28.3 µm long and 11.1–18.0 µm wide), dorsoventrally compressed, and show a conspicuous apical hook projection pointing to the right. The epitheca is smaller than the hypotheca and the cingulum is ascending, about 3× its width. The thecal plate pattern is unusual and interpreted as APC, 4ʹ, 3a, 7ʹʹ, 5c, 4s, 6ʹʹʹ, 2ʹʹʹʹ. The APC comprises a narrow Po plate with a slit opening, located on the right-dorsal side, and it is covered by a projection of the first apical plate. Morphologically, the plate pattern has some affinities with Amphidiniella sedentaria, a sand-dwelling dinoflagellate species of roughly the same size and gross outline. However, the two taxa differ from each other in shape, size of epitheca and organization of the APC. They possess the same number of apical, precingular, postcingular and antapical plates but their relative sizes, shapes and especially the arrangement differs. Molecular phylogeny inferred from concatenated ribosomal genes reveals that C. sabulosa forms a well supported clade in the core dinoflagellates, but it is not related to any other existing taxa and diverges widely from A. sedentaria. From the present study, this new taxon appears very atypical among dinoflagellates, and further studies will be necessary to resolve its evolutionary position.
{"title":"Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a widely distributed but little-known sand-dwelling phototrophic dinoflagellate, Coutea sabulosa gen. & sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Alveolata)","authors":"N. Chomérat, M. Saburova, Gwenael Bilien, F. Zentz, M. Hoppenrath","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2188006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2188006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new thecate, photosynthetic, sand-dwelling marine dinoflagellate, Coutea sabulosa gen. & sp. nov., observed in various locations from temperate to subtropical areas, is described based on detailed morphological and molecular data of material from Germany and Kuwait. Cells of C. sabulosa are oval, small (14.5–28.3 µm long and 11.1–18.0 µm wide), dorsoventrally compressed, and show a conspicuous apical hook projection pointing to the right. The epitheca is smaller than the hypotheca and the cingulum is ascending, about 3× its width. The thecal plate pattern is unusual and interpreted as APC, 4ʹ, 3a, 7ʹʹ, 5c, 4s, 6ʹʹʹ, 2ʹʹʹʹ. The APC comprises a narrow Po plate with a slit opening, located on the right-dorsal side, and it is covered by a projection of the first apical plate. Morphologically, the plate pattern has some affinities with Amphidiniella sedentaria, a sand-dwelling dinoflagellate species of roughly the same size and gross outline. However, the two taxa differ from each other in shape, size of epitheca and organization of the APC. They possess the same number of apical, precingular, postcingular and antapical plates but their relative sizes, shapes and especially the arrangement differs. Molecular phylogeny inferred from concatenated ribosomal genes reveals that C. sabulosa forms a well supported clade in the core dinoflagellates, but it is not related to any other existing taxa and diverges widely from A. sedentaria. From the present study, this new taxon appears very atypical among dinoflagellates, and further studies will be necessary to resolve its evolutionary position.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48116655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2185433
Richard V. Dumilag, Glenn Cedrick V. Gamus, Sandra L. Yap
ABSTRACT A new filamentous bangialean alga, Pseudobangia corderoi sp. nov., is described from the northern Philippines. Locally known as a sea vegetable, this species was previously identified as ‘Bangia fuscopurpurea’. Inferred combined analyses of the nucleus-encoded SSU rDNA and the plastid-encoded RubisCO LSU (rbcL) gene indicate that P. corderoi is sister to another unidentified species of Pseudobangia (originally referred to also as ‘Bangia fuscopurpurea’) from Taiwan. Together, these two taxa formed the closest diverging lineage from Pseudobangia kaycoleae (generitype). Current molecular phylogenies have also yielded monophyly of Pseudobangia and strong support for a sister relationship with the ‘Bangia 2’ lineage. Molecular and geographic analyses clearly differentiate P. corderoi from other filamentous Bangiales, whereas morpho-anatomical analysis identified only one distinguishing character, i.e. larger dimensions of the thalli.
{"title":"Pseudobangia corderoi sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the Philippines","authors":"Richard V. Dumilag, Glenn Cedrick V. Gamus, Sandra L. Yap","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2185433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2185433","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new filamentous bangialean alga, Pseudobangia corderoi sp. nov., is described from the northern Philippines. Locally known as a sea vegetable, this species was previously identified as ‘Bangia fuscopurpurea’. Inferred combined analyses of the nucleus-encoded SSU rDNA and the plastid-encoded RubisCO LSU (rbcL) gene indicate that P. corderoi is sister to another unidentified species of Pseudobangia (originally referred to also as ‘Bangia fuscopurpurea’) from Taiwan. Together, these two taxa formed the closest diverging lineage from Pseudobangia kaycoleae (generitype). Current molecular phylogenies have also yielded monophyly of Pseudobangia and strong support for a sister relationship with the ‘Bangia 2’ lineage. Molecular and geographic analyses clearly differentiate P. corderoi from other filamentous Bangiales, whereas morpho-anatomical analysis identified only one distinguishing character, i.e. larger dimensions of the thalli.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43401769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2022.2159198
Soren R. Schipper, Jade Shivak, Katherine R. Hind, K. Miller, Jeffery R. Hughey, P. Gabrielson, P. Martone
ABSTRACT To determine whether Corallina chilensis is a distinct species or a variety (i.e. C. officinalis var. chilensis) of the generitype of Corallina, molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using psbA, COI-5P, rbcL, or some combination of these gene regions from 75 voucher specimens representing Corallina collections from around the world. Names were applied by comparing these DNA sequences with sequences obtained from type specimens, including a 263 bp rbcL sequence from an isotype of C. chilensis collected by Darwin (C. Darwin 2151) from Valparaiso, Chile. DNA sequences from the C. chilensis isotype matched unnamed coralline DNA sequences from British Columbia, Canada, and previously published DNA sequences from the northeast and southeast Pacific. The clade containing the isotype of C. chilensis was distinct from C. officinalis specimens in phylogenetic analyses. Although morphologically variable, fronds of C. chilensis from British Columbia populations matched Kützing’s original description of C. officinalis var. chilensis. These data support the conclusion that C. chilensis is a distinct species, not a variety of C. officinalis, and is distributed in both hemispheres. While this study strongly supported C. chilensis as a distinct species, phylogenetic relationships among Corallina species remain elusive because individual gene trees are not congruent.
摘要:为了确定红铃虫是红铃虫属(Corallina chilensis)的一个独立种还是一个变种(即C. officinalis var. chilensis)，我们使用psbA、COI-5P、rbcL或这些基因区域的某些组合对来自世界各地的75个红铃虫标本进行了分子系统发育分析。通过将这些DNA序列与从模式标本中获得的序列进行比较，其中包括达尔文(C. Darwin 2151)从智利瓦尔帕莱索收集的chilensis同种型中获得的263 bp rbcL序列。来自chilensis同种型的DNA序列与来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的未命名珊瑚的DNA序列以及先前发表的来自东北和东南太平洋的DNA序列相匹配。在系统发育分析中，含有同型辣椒的枝与officinalis标本有明显的区别。尽管在形态上存在差异，但来自不列颠哥伦比亚省种群的chilensis叶片与k tzing对chilensis的原始描述相匹配。这些数据支持了辣椒是一个独特的物种，而不是officinalis的变种，并且分布在两个半球的结论。虽然本研究有力地支持了珊瑚是一个独特的物种，但由于个体基因树不一致，珊瑚种之间的系统发育关系仍然难以捉摸。
{"title":"Reinstatement of Corallina chilensis (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) based on DNA sequencing of the type material collected by Darwin","authors":"Soren R. Schipper, Jade Shivak, Katherine R. Hind, K. Miller, Jeffery R. Hughey, P. Gabrielson, P. Martone","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2022.2159198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2022.2159198","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To determine whether Corallina chilensis is a distinct species or a variety (i.e. C. officinalis var. chilensis) of the generitype of Corallina, molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using psbA, COI-5P, rbcL, or some combination of these gene regions from 75 voucher specimens representing Corallina collections from around the world. Names were applied by comparing these DNA sequences with sequences obtained from type specimens, including a 263 bp rbcL sequence from an isotype of C. chilensis collected by Darwin (C. Darwin 2151) from Valparaiso, Chile. DNA sequences from the C. chilensis isotype matched unnamed coralline DNA sequences from British Columbia, Canada, and previously published DNA sequences from the northeast and southeast Pacific. The clade containing the isotype of C. chilensis was distinct from C. officinalis specimens in phylogenetic analyses. Although morphologically variable, fronds of C. chilensis from British Columbia populations matched Kützing’s original description of C. officinalis var. chilensis. These data support the conclusion that C. chilensis is a distinct species, not a variety of C. officinalis, and is distributed in both hemispheres. While this study strongly supported C. chilensis as a distinct species, phylogenetic relationships among Corallina species remain elusive because individual gene trees are not congruent.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2184126
C. Pennesi, T. Romagnoli, M. Mutalipassi, M. de Stefano, S. Greco, C. Totti
ABSTRACT Two epizoic species of Mastogloia, one of them a new taxon, have been found for the first time growing on the carapace of sea turtle Chelonia mydas from the Strait of Hormuz (Iran). Before this work, taxa belonging to the genus Mastogloia had never been identified as epibionts of C. mydas. The cleaned material of diatoms, collected from turtle carapaces was studied by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mastogloia hormuzensis sp. nov. is elliptical to linear-elliptical in valve view with rounded to slightly rostrate apices. Partecta are of different size and shape, with the larger one at the centre, and there is a very short partectal flange. The new epizoic diatom is unique in its morphology, and can be compared with Mastogloia exigua and M. pusilla, which show a similar combination of characters (e.g. the shape of areolae, type of partectal ring). Mastogloia hormuzensis sp. nov. fits into Hustedt’s species group Inaequales, to which it adds the feature of having a very short partecta flange. A second species, Mastogloia paradoxa, was also found living as epizoic for the first time.
{"title":"New insights into the association between epizoic diatoms and the sea turtle Chelonia mydas: new Mastogloia taxon (Bacillariophyceae) from Iran","authors":"C. Pennesi, T. Romagnoli, M. Mutalipassi, M. de Stefano, S. Greco, C. Totti","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2184126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2184126","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two epizoic species of Mastogloia, one of them a new taxon, have been found for the first time growing on the carapace of sea turtle Chelonia mydas from the Strait of Hormuz (Iran). Before this work, taxa belonging to the genus Mastogloia had never been identified as epibionts of C. mydas. The cleaned material of diatoms, collected from turtle carapaces was studied by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mastogloia hormuzensis sp. nov. is elliptical to linear-elliptical in valve view with rounded to slightly rostrate apices. Partecta are of different size and shape, with the larger one at the centre, and there is a very short partectal flange. The new epizoic diatom is unique in its morphology, and can be compared with Mastogloia exigua and M. pusilla, which show a similar combination of characters (e.g. the shape of areolae, type of partectal ring). Mastogloia hormuzensis sp. nov. fits into Hustedt’s species group Inaequales, to which it adds the feature of having a very short partecta flange. A second species, Mastogloia paradoxa, was also found living as epizoic for the first time.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49127545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2183315
J. Rondevaldova, Maria Alma D. Quiao, O. Drábek, Julie Dajcl, Geralyn D. Dela Pena-Galanida, V. Leopardas, L. Kokoska
ABSTRACT Minerals, although required in relatively small amounts, play crucial roles in many vital processes of the human body, and their deficiency can cause several serious health issues. Seaweeds and seagrasses, traditionally consumed as vegetables in coastal areas worldwide, are generally known as a rich source of macro- and microminerals in concentrations much higher than in terrestrial plants. Despite their significant nutritional potential, the mineral composition of most of the seaweeds and seagrasses remains unexplored. In the present study, the concentrations of 23 minerals in nine seaweeds and seagrasses from the Philippines were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that some of the species are excellent sources of various essential minerals. Actinotrichia fragilis and Mastophora rosea were the highest in calcium content (21,511 and 14,100 mg/100 g DM, respectively), and, together with Anadyomene plicata, they were richest in copper (2.49–3.77 mg/100 g DM), iron (292–480 mg/100 g DM), manganese (22.3–27.2 mg/100 g DM), and nickel (1.49–2.93 mg/100 g DM). Moreover, M. rosea had the highest content of magnesium (2,093 mg/100 g DM). Other species, such as Enhalus acoroides (phosphorus in flowers and seeds, 277 and 282 mg/100 g DM, respectively), Halophila ovalis (silicon, 13.8 mg/100 g DM), Halymenia dilatata (zinc, 5.51 mg/100 g DM), Halymenia maculata (sulphur, 8,268 mg/100 g DM) and Portieria hornemannii (potassium, 8,985 mg/100 g DM; vanadium, 2.90 mg/100 g DM) can be highlighted as good sources of minerals. All these species have a promising potential as mineral-rich foods and can contribute to food and nutrition security.
摘要：尽管所需的矿物质相对较少，但在人体的许多重要过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，而矿物质的缺乏可能会导致一些严重的健康问题。海藻和海草传统上在世界各地的沿海地区作为蔬菜食用，通常被认为是宏观和微观矿物质的丰富来源，其浓度远高于陆地植物。尽管它们具有巨大的营养潜力，但大多数海藻和海草的矿物成分仍未被探索。在本研究中，使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了菲律宾9种海藻和海草中23种矿物质的浓度。结果表明，一些物种是各种必需矿物的良好来源。脆弱放线菌和玫瑰Mastophora rosea的钙含量最高（分别为21511和14100 mg/100 g DM），与褶皱Anadyomene一起，它们富含铜（2.49–3.77 mg/100 g DM）、铁（292–480 mg/100 g DMs）、锰（22.3–27.2 mg/100 g）和镍（1.49–2.93 mg/100 g dms）。此外，M.rosea的镁含量最高（2093mg/100g DM）。其他物种，如橡果Enhalus acoroides（花和种子中的磷，分别为277和282 mg/100 g DM）、卵嗜盐菌Halophila ovalis（硅，13.8 mg/100 g DM。所有这些物种都有潜力成为富含矿物质的食物，并有助于粮食和营养安全。
{"title":"Mineral composition of seaweeds and seagrasses of the Philippines","authors":"J. Rondevaldova, Maria Alma D. Quiao, O. Drábek, Julie Dajcl, Geralyn D. Dela Pena-Galanida, V. Leopardas, L. Kokoska","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2183315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2183315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Minerals, although required in relatively small amounts, play crucial roles in many vital processes of the human body, and their deficiency can cause several serious health issues. Seaweeds and seagrasses, traditionally consumed as vegetables in coastal areas worldwide, are generally known as a rich source of macro- and microminerals in concentrations much higher than in terrestrial plants. Despite their significant nutritional potential, the mineral composition of most of the seaweeds and seagrasses remains unexplored. In the present study, the concentrations of 23 minerals in nine seaweeds and seagrasses from the Philippines were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that some of the species are excellent sources of various essential minerals. Actinotrichia fragilis and Mastophora rosea were the highest in calcium content (21,511 and 14,100 mg/100 g DM, respectively), and, together with Anadyomene plicata, they were richest in copper (2.49–3.77 mg/100 g DM), iron (292–480 mg/100 g DM), manganese (22.3–27.2 mg/100 g DM), and nickel (1.49–2.93 mg/100 g DM). Moreover, M. rosea had the highest content of magnesium (2,093 mg/100 g DM). Other species, such as Enhalus acoroides (phosphorus in flowers and seeds, 277 and 282 mg/100 g DM, respectively), Halophila ovalis (silicon, 13.8 mg/100 g DM), Halymenia dilatata (zinc, 5.51 mg/100 g DM), Halymenia maculata (sulphur, 8,268 mg/100 g DM) and Portieria hornemannii (potassium, 8,985 mg/100 g DM; vanadium, 2.90 mg/100 g DM) can be highlighted as good sources of minerals. All these species have a promising potential as mineral-rich foods and can contribute to food and nutrition security.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42262777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2174342
M. M. Reddy, Jamie du Plessis, R. Roodt‐Wilding, Robert J. Anderson, J. Bolton
ABSTRACT The morphologically diverse and widespread red algal genus Plocamium has recently emerged as a source of bioactive compounds with potential application in the pharmaceutical industry. However, species identification and the taxonomy of the group remains problematic. An initial contribution to the taxonomy of Plocamium in South Africa was therefore carried out using combined morphological and molecular approaches and existing literature. Plocamium robertiae is reinstated as a distinct species based on molecular and morphological evidence, while Plocamium raphelisianum, a species from Spain, is placed in synonymy with P. suhrii. Along the South African coast, individuals of P. suhrii were genetically divergent in different bioregions and will require further investigation. Contrary to previous reports, we confirm the absence in South Africa of two Australasian species, P. microcladioides and P. mertensii, which were previosuly misidentified. The latter species likely represents a new, undescribed species in South Africa. Two additional species were also identified based on DNA but require further morphological assessment. We now recognize P. robertiae, along with eight other named species, plus five additional taxa, with varying levels of taxonomic confidence, and exclude P. microcladioides and P. mertensii from the South African flora. This study doubles the number of species recognized since the last biodiversity assessment of Plocamium and expands the distributional range of P. suhrii. Although our findings contribute an initial assessment assisted by DNA data, a full understanding of the taxonomy of Plocamium in South Africa is far from complete.
{"title":"The reinstatement of Plocamium robertiae (Rhodophyta, Plocamiales) and an updated species inventory of the genus in South Africa","authors":"M. M. Reddy, Jamie du Plessis, R. Roodt‐Wilding, Robert J. Anderson, J. Bolton","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2174342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2174342","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The morphologically diverse and widespread red algal genus Plocamium has recently emerged as a source of bioactive compounds with potential application in the pharmaceutical industry. However, species identification and the taxonomy of the group remains problematic. An initial contribution to the taxonomy of Plocamium in South Africa was therefore carried out using combined morphological and molecular approaches and existing literature. Plocamium robertiae is reinstated as a distinct species based on molecular and morphological evidence, while Plocamium raphelisianum, a species from Spain, is placed in synonymy with P. suhrii. Along the South African coast, individuals of P. suhrii were genetically divergent in different bioregions and will require further investigation. Contrary to previous reports, we confirm the absence in South Africa of two Australasian species, P. microcladioides and P. mertensii, which were previosuly misidentified. The latter species likely represents a new, undescribed species in South Africa. Two additional species were also identified based on DNA but require further morphological assessment. We now recognize P. robertiae, along with eight other named species, plus five additional taxa, with varying levels of taxonomic confidence, and exclude P. microcladioides and P. mertensii from the South African flora. This study doubles the number of species recognized since the last biodiversity assessment of Plocamium and expands the distributional range of P. suhrii. Although our findings contribute an initial assessment assisted by DNA data, a full understanding of the taxonomy of Plocamium in South Africa is far from complete.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46339710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2169024
D. Mann, Norico Yamada, J. Bolton, A. Witkowski, R. Trobajo
ABSTRACT Durinskia capensis is a kleptoplastic dinoflagellate species from high intertidal marine rock pools, which can use a variety of diatoms for photosynthesis. However, very few of the diatoms permit indefinite survival of the dinoflagellate and rbcL sequences show that D. capensis isolated from nature contains one of two closely related Nitzschia species as its kleptoplastids. In culture, without a supply of these ‘essential’ Nitzschia cells to replenish the intracellular store of diatom plastids and other organelles, D. capensis eventually loses all its kleptoplastids and dies. Inside Durinskia, diatoms do not possess frustules and so cannot be compared morphologically with free-living forms. Recently, one of the essential Nitzschia species was isolated from the type locality of D. capensis and grown in culture, allowing comparison with similar Nitzschia species, particularly N. agnita and N. kuetzingioides, examined from type material. We conclude that the ‘essential diatom’ of D. capensis differs morphologically from these and other Nitzschia species and it is therefore described as N. captiva sp. nov. Nitzschia agnita and N. kuetzingioides, on the other hand, are conspecific and N. agnita has priority. Nitzschia captiva and N. agnita are extremely similar in valve shape, dimensions, pattern and ultrastructure, but can be separated by their girdle structure. Nitzschia agnita appears to be a freshwater species, though somewhat salt-tolerant. In contrast, N. captiva, which is known principally from records of the kleptoplastids of D. capensis rather than from frustules, is so far marine.
{"title":"Nitzschia captiva sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), the essential prey diatom of the kleptoplastic dinoflagellate Durinskia capensis, compared with N. agnita, N. kuetzingioides and other species","authors":"D. Mann, Norico Yamada, J. Bolton, A. Witkowski, R. Trobajo","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2169024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2169024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Durinskia capensis is a kleptoplastic dinoflagellate species from high intertidal marine rock pools, which can use a variety of diatoms for photosynthesis. However, very few of the diatoms permit indefinite survival of the dinoflagellate and rbcL sequences show that D. capensis isolated from nature contains one of two closely related Nitzschia species as its kleptoplastids. In culture, without a supply of these ‘essential’ Nitzschia cells to replenish the intracellular store of diatom plastids and other organelles, D. capensis eventually loses all its kleptoplastids and dies. Inside Durinskia, diatoms do not possess frustules and so cannot be compared morphologically with free-living forms. Recently, one of the essential Nitzschia species was isolated from the type locality of D. capensis and grown in culture, allowing comparison with similar Nitzschia species, particularly N. agnita and N. kuetzingioides, examined from type material. We conclude that the ‘essential diatom’ of D. capensis differs morphologically from these and other Nitzschia species and it is therefore described as N. captiva sp. nov. Nitzschia agnita and N. kuetzingioides, on the other hand, are conspecific and N. agnita has priority. Nitzschia captiva and N. agnita are extremely similar in valve shape, dimensions, pattern and ultrastructure, but can be separated by their girdle structure. Nitzschia agnita appears to be a freshwater species, though somewhat salt-tolerant. In contrast, N. captiva, which is known principally from records of the kleptoplastids of D. capensis rather than from frustules, is so far marine.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41924785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2177057
Á. Mateo-Ramírez, Concepción Iñiguez, L. M. Fernández-Salas, R. Sánchez-Leal, C. Farias, M. J. Bellanco, J. Gil, J. Rueda
ABSTRACT The invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae has recently arrived in Europe from the western Pacific. Its explosive spread on coastal areas of the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC), Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea is spoiling native coastal ecosystems and inflicting heavy losses on ecosystem services. We discovered for the first time large amounts (up to 17 g m–2) of detached R. okamurae thalli on deep-sea bottoms of the GoC that are being dragged from the Strait of Gibraltar shores into the NE Atlantic by the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Laboratory experiments revealed that collected unattached macroalgae from deep-sea locations were alive and healthy and maintained intact photosynthetic capacity after long dark periods, suggesting a tremendous resilience and invasive potential. Given the rapid transport of healthy thalli by the MOW and massive accumulation of them in the GoC basin, R. okamurae could represent a major threat to NE Atlantic ecosystems, affecting not only coastal but also deep-sea habitats.
摘要入侵海藻冈村鲁氏鸟(Rugulopteryx okamura)最近从西太平洋抵达欧洲。它在Cádiz湾(GoC)、直布罗陀海峡和阿尔博兰海沿海地区的爆炸性蔓延正在破坏当地沿海生态系统，并对生态系统服务造成严重损失。我们首次在GoC深海底部发现了大量(高达17 g m-2)分离的冈村氏梭菌，它们被地中海流出水(MOW)从直布罗陀海峡海岸拖到大西洋东北部。实验室实验表明，从深海采集的独立大藻在长时间的黑暗期后仍然健康存活，并保持完整的光合能力，表明其具有巨大的恢复能力和入侵潜力。考虑到MOW对健康菌体的快速运输以及它们在GoC盆地的大量积累，okamurae可能对东北大西洋生态系统构成重大威胁，不仅影响沿海，还影响深海栖息地。
{"title":"Healthy thalli of the invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae (Phaeophyceae) being massively dragged into deep-sea bottoms by the Mediterranean Outflow Water","authors":"Á. Mateo-Ramírez, Concepción Iñiguez, L. M. Fernández-Salas, R. Sánchez-Leal, C. Farias, M. J. Bellanco, J. Gil, J. Rueda","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2177057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2177057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae has recently arrived in Europe from the western Pacific. Its explosive spread on coastal areas of the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC), Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea is spoiling native coastal ecosystems and inflicting heavy losses on ecosystem services. We discovered for the first time large amounts (up to 17 g m–2) of detached R. okamurae thalli on deep-sea bottoms of the GoC that are being dragged from the Strait of Gibraltar shores into the NE Atlantic by the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Laboratory experiments revealed that collected unattached macroalgae from deep-sea locations were alive and healthy and maintained intact photosynthetic capacity after long dark periods, suggesting a tremendous resilience and invasive potential. Given the rapid transport of healthy thalli by the MOW and massive accumulation of them in the GoC basin, R. okamurae could represent a major threat to NE Atlantic ecosystems, affecting not only coastal but also deep-sea habitats.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43366043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2023.2177062
P. S. Jayalakshmi, J. John
ABSTRACT A new genus of freshwater red algae, Macrosporophycos, and a new species, M. sahyadricus, are described from the Periyar River in the southern part of the Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Macrosporophycos shares distinctive characteristics with Montagnia, such as straight carpogonial branches having involucral filaments forming a rosette around the carpogonia, and pedunculate carposporophytes. However, the two genera have a raw genetic distance of 16.4%–17.0% for rbcL, and 24%–26.7% for COI-5P genes. The new species, Macrosporophycos sahyadricus, also possesses large, elongated, pear-shaped carposporangia. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated rbcL and COI-5P recovered M. sahyadricus as a distinct lineage, sister to Acarposporophycos from South America. However, these genera are distinct from each other in their morphology. The morphological similarity, coupled with the high levels of genetic difference between Macrosporophycos and Montagnia, suggest convergent evolution in morphology. The recent records of new red algal taxa, including the discovery of this new genus, suggest that the Indian subcontinent continues to be under-explored and is in need of integrative taxonomic research supported by large-scale sampling.
{"title":"Macrosporophycos sahyadricus (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta), a new genus and species of freshwater red algae from the Western Ghats of India","authors":"P. S. Jayalakshmi, J. John","doi":"10.1080/00318884.2023.2177062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2023.2177062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new genus of freshwater red algae, Macrosporophycos, and a new species, M. sahyadricus, are described from the Periyar River in the southern part of the Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Macrosporophycos shares distinctive characteristics with Montagnia, such as straight carpogonial branches having involucral filaments forming a rosette around the carpogonia, and pedunculate carposporophytes. However, the two genera have a raw genetic distance of 16.4%–17.0% for rbcL, and 24%–26.7% for COI-5P genes. The new species, Macrosporophycos sahyadricus, also possesses large, elongated, pear-shaped carposporangia. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated rbcL and COI-5P recovered M. sahyadricus as a distinct lineage, sister to Acarposporophycos from South America. However, these genera are distinct from each other in their morphology. The morphological similarity, coupled with the high levels of genetic difference between Macrosporophycos and Montagnia, suggest convergent evolution in morphology. The recent records of new red algal taxa, including the discovery of this new genus, suggest that the Indian subcontinent continues to be under-explored and is in need of integrative taxonomic research supported by large-scale sampling.","PeriodicalId":20140,"journal":{"name":"Phycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43913650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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