Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri, Sakineh Alijanpour, F. Khakpai, M. Zarrindast
1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran 3. Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6. Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
{"title":"Antidepressant efficacy of MLC901 in the 6-hydroxydopamine mice model of Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri, Sakineh Alijanpour, F. Khakpai, M. Zarrindast","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran 3. Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6. Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77662189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jamali, M. Taherianfard, M. Aminlari, Jafar Jalaiee
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. The main aims of the present investigation were to evaluate the effect of royal jelly (RJ) on cognitive and noncognitive behavior, demyelination and the level of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by ethidium bromide (EB). Methods: Twenty-five adult male Sprague Dawley in five groups were used. Control (intact rat); Sham (surgery without EB injection); treatment control (EB injection without treatment); treatment1 and treatment2 (orally administered of RJ 100 and 200 mg/kg/day after EB injection). EB (3μl of 0.01%) injection in the dentate gyrus (DG) was used for demyelination. Demyelination induction was proved by histological examination. For the estimation of BBB integrity, Evans blue extravasation was done using an ELISA reader. Cognitive and non-cognitive behavior was evaluated by Morris water maze. Results: Data showed that RJ corrected the deficit of demyelination. Cognitive and noncognitive behavior improved in treatment groups relative to treatment control by RJ. The extent of BBB disruption significantly improved in treatment groups compared to the treatment control group, in the whole brain and hippocampus. Conclusion: Results indicate that RJ after EB injection in DG can improve cognitive and non-cognitive behavior, demyelination and BBB disruption in rat after EB injection. Therefore, it seems that RJ can be a supplementary drug for MS.
{"title":"Royal jelly attenuated cognitive and non-cognitive deficits and blood-brain barrier disruption inducedby ethidium bromide","authors":"M. Jamali, M. Taherianfard, M. Aminlari, Jafar Jalaiee","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. The main aims of the present investigation were to evaluate the effect of royal jelly (RJ) on cognitive and noncognitive behavior, demyelination and the level of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by ethidium bromide (EB). Methods: Twenty-five adult male Sprague Dawley in five groups were used. Control (intact rat); Sham (surgery without EB injection); treatment control (EB injection without treatment); treatment1 and treatment2 (orally administered of RJ 100 and 200 mg/kg/day after EB injection). EB (3μl of 0.01%) injection in the dentate gyrus (DG) was used for demyelination. Demyelination induction was proved by histological examination. For the estimation of BBB integrity, Evans blue extravasation was done using an ELISA reader. Cognitive and non-cognitive behavior was evaluated by Morris water maze. Results: Data showed that RJ corrected the deficit of demyelination. Cognitive and noncognitive behavior improved in treatment groups relative to treatment control by RJ. The extent of BBB disruption significantly improved in treatment groups compared to the treatment control group, in the whole brain and hippocampus. Conclusion: Results indicate that RJ after EB injection in DG can improve cognitive and non-cognitive behavior, demyelination and BBB disruption in rat after EB injection. Therefore, it seems that RJ can be a supplementary drug for MS.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77375829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Moulazadeh, R. Ranjbar, Maryam Hekmat, F. Sedaghat, M. Yousefzadi, S. Najafipour
1. Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 3. Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran 4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran 5. Medicinal Plant Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 6. Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
{"title":"Comparison the cytotoxic effects of Ulva fasciata and Ulva lactuca on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231breast cancer cell lines","authors":"Alireza Moulazadeh, R. Ranjbar, Maryam Hekmat, F. Sedaghat, M. Yousefzadi, S. Najafipour","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"1. Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 3. Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran 4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran 5. Medicinal Plant Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 6. Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80394199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahrbanoo Rafiei, F. Khodagholi, F. Motamedi, L. Dargahi
Introduction: Mitochondria and peroxisomes are tightly connected organelles that cooperate in lipid oxidation and maintenance of redox homeostasis. However, the peroxisome’s role in the modulation of the mitochondrial regulatory factors has remained unanswered. SIRT1PGC-1α interaction as a pivotal pathway in energy expenditure leads to mitochondrial biogenesis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 and HDAC10 also regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause and/or consequence of aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: In this study, to disturb importing proteins into the peroxisomes, PEX5 was down-regulated in the dorsal hippocampus by lentivirus-mediated shRNA. The impact of PEX5 reduction on peroxisomes was explored by assessment of catalase activity, a regular peroxisome matrix enzyme, and PMP70 and PEX14 expression. Then, mitochondrial biogenesis factors, PGC-1α, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and mitochondrial-related HDACs, SIRT1, SIRT3, HDAC6 and HDAC10, by western blotting. Besides, spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze task. Results: Our results revealed a significant reduction of HDAC6 and SIRT1, alongside with decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis factors PGC-1α and TFAM, and no alteration in HDAC10 and SIRT3. Despite all observed changes, memory performance displayed no detectable alteration in the experimental groups. These data suggest the role of peroxisomes in modulating mitochondrial dynamics via regulation of HDAC6 and SIRT1 expression. Conclusion: Peroxisome dysfunctions may occur upstream to mitochondrial failure and can be considered as a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related disorders.
{"title":"Peroxisome biogenesis factor 5 controlled Histone deacetylase 6 and Situin1 expression and modulatedmitochondrial biogenesis in rat dorsal hippocampus","authors":"Shahrbanoo Rafiei, F. Khodagholi, F. Motamedi, L. Dargahi","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mitochondria and peroxisomes are tightly connected organelles that cooperate in lipid oxidation and maintenance of redox homeostasis. However, the peroxisome’s role in the modulation of the mitochondrial regulatory factors has remained unanswered. SIRT1PGC-1α interaction as a pivotal pathway in energy expenditure leads to mitochondrial biogenesis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 and HDAC10 also regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause and/or consequence of aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: In this study, to disturb importing proteins into the peroxisomes, PEX5 was down-regulated in the dorsal hippocampus by lentivirus-mediated shRNA. The impact of PEX5 reduction on peroxisomes was explored by assessment of catalase activity, a regular peroxisome matrix enzyme, and PMP70 and PEX14 expression. Then, mitochondrial biogenesis factors, PGC-1α, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and mitochondrial-related HDACs, SIRT1, SIRT3, HDAC6 and HDAC10, by western blotting. Besides, spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze task. Results: Our results revealed a significant reduction of HDAC6 and SIRT1, alongside with decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis factors PGC-1α and TFAM, and no alteration in HDAC10 and SIRT3. Despite all observed changes, memory performance displayed no detectable alteration in the experimental groups. These data suggest the role of peroxisomes in modulating mitochondrial dynamics via regulation of HDAC6 and SIRT1 expression. Conclusion: Peroxisome dysfunctions may occur upstream to mitochondrial failure and can be considered as a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76827376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alimoradian, F. Abbaszadeh, M. Jorjani, M. Sadegh
1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 2. Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
{"title":"The behavioral and molecular effects of estradiol and progesterone on a rat model of spinothalamic tract lesion","authors":"A. Alimoradian, F. Abbaszadeh, M. Jorjani, M. Sadegh","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 2. Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72387582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narges Marefati, S. Khamse, Somaieh Mansouri, M. Hosseini, A. Anaeigoudari
1. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran 5. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 6. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
{"title":"Effects of Boswellia serrata resin on central nervous system: a mini review","authors":"Narges Marefati, S. Khamse, Somaieh Mansouri, M. Hosseini, A. Anaeigoudari","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"1. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran 5. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 6. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76071884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Western diet (WD) activates inflammatory pathways in the myocardium, where jeopardizes contractile function. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in rats fed a WD. Methods: Wistar rats were assigned to the six groups: normal diet (ND)+HIIT, WD+HIIT, ND+MICT, WD+MICT, sedentary fed a ND or WD (SED+ND and SED+WD, respectively). HIIT and MICT were performed on a motorized treadmill, five consecutive days/week for 12 weeks. In these animals, visceral fat mass and myocardial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines i.e. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. Western blotting was performed to identify cardiac protein expression. Results: WD+SED significantly increased visceral fat mass compared with ND+SED. WD+SED significantly resulted in TNF-α over-expression compared with ND+SED. There were no significant differences in MPO expression between WD+SED and ND+SED. In trained groups, visceral fat mass and TNF-α expression were lower in WD+HIIT and WD+MICT compared with WD+SED, with similar effects between HIIT and MICT modes. MPO expression was significantly lower in ND+HIIT and ND+MICT compared with ND+SED, with similar effects between HIIT and MICT modes. Conclusion: WD co-existing with SED paves the way to a pro-inflammatory milieu in the heart. HIIT and MICT exert similar anti-inflammatory effects on the myocardium; therefore, aerobic training, regardless of modality or intensity, can be a practical solution for those who regularly consume WD.
{"title":"High- and moderate-intensity training are equipotent in abrogating myocardial inflammation in rats fed aWestern diet","authors":"A. Maroofi, A. Damirchi","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Western diet (WD) activates inflammatory pathways in the myocardium, where jeopardizes contractile function. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in rats fed a WD. Methods: Wistar rats were assigned to the six groups: normal diet (ND)+HIIT, WD+HIIT, ND+MICT, WD+MICT, sedentary fed a ND or WD (SED+ND and SED+WD, respectively). HIIT and MICT were performed on a motorized treadmill, five consecutive days/week for 12 weeks. In these animals, visceral fat mass and myocardial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines i.e. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. Western blotting was performed to identify cardiac protein expression. Results: WD+SED significantly increased visceral fat mass compared with ND+SED. WD+SED significantly resulted in TNF-α over-expression compared with ND+SED. There were no significant differences in MPO expression between WD+SED and ND+SED. In trained groups, visceral fat mass and TNF-α expression were lower in WD+HIIT and WD+MICT compared with WD+SED, with similar effects between HIIT and MICT modes. MPO expression was significantly lower in ND+HIIT and ND+MICT compared with ND+SED, with similar effects between HIIT and MICT modes. Conclusion: WD co-existing with SED paves the way to a pro-inflammatory milieu in the heart. HIIT and MICT exert similar anti-inflammatory effects on the myocardium; therefore, aerobic training, regardless of modality or intensity, can be a practical solution for those who regularly consume WD.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81151566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nadjafi, Roshanak Ghods, M. Noori, V. Pirhajati Mahabadi, Nasrin Hosseini
Introduction: Metals such as silver have special merit in medicine. Recently, it has been shown that silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can present some properties that could be valuable for researchers because of their dual neuroprotective and neurotoxic behaviors. The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles on OLN-93 oligodendrocytes through chemical hypoxic situation. Methods: AOLN-93 cell line was selected as an oligodendroglial cell model. The stock of the tested solution contained Ag-NPs with an average size of 40nm and concentration of 20.4 ppm. Chemical hypoxic-ischemic condition was induced by sodium azide (NaN3). After a three-hour pretreatment of OLN-93 cells with Ag-NPs (0.001ppm), the cells were incubated in glucose-free medium with sodium azide (100mM and 1M) and Ag-NPs (0.001ppm) for 15min. Then, the reperfusion condition was set by returning the medium to DMEM with 10% FBS along with Ag-NPs (0.001ppm) for 24h. Next, the viability of the cells was assessed by MTT method. Also, Transmission electron microscopy images were used to evaluate the morphology of the cells. Results: Our results showed that Ag-NPs with a concentration of 0.001 ppm could significantly increase ONL-93 cells survival through the 15min hypoxic-ischemia condition induced by NaN3 (100mM) followed by reperfusion (93.02±2.83). However, Ag-NPs (0.001ppm) could not protect the cells from hypoxic-ischemic injury induced by NaN3 (1M) through the same procedure. Conclusion: Although the neurotoxic effects of Ag-NPs have been documented in many studies, the Ag-NPs solution, which was used in this study, could show protective effects on oligodendroglial cells in concentration of 0.001 ppm during the planned model of chemical ischemia. Hence, more investigation is suggested to clarify the protective effect of Ag-NPs (average size of 40 nm) on oligodendrocytes.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of silver nanoparticles onOLN-93 oligodendroglial cells","authors":"S. Nadjafi, Roshanak Ghods, M. Noori, V. Pirhajati Mahabadi, Nasrin Hosseini","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Metals such as silver have special merit in medicine. Recently, it has been shown that silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can present some properties that could be valuable for researchers because of their dual neuroprotective and neurotoxic behaviors. The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles on OLN-93 oligodendrocytes through chemical hypoxic situation. Methods: AOLN-93 cell line was selected as an oligodendroglial cell model. The stock of the tested solution contained Ag-NPs with an average size of 40nm and concentration of 20.4 ppm. Chemical hypoxic-ischemic condition was induced by sodium azide (NaN3). After a three-hour pretreatment of OLN-93 cells with Ag-NPs (0.001ppm), the cells were incubated in glucose-free medium with sodium azide (100mM and 1M) and Ag-NPs (0.001ppm) for 15min. Then, the reperfusion condition was set by returning the medium to DMEM with 10% FBS along with Ag-NPs (0.001ppm) for 24h. Next, the viability of the cells was assessed by MTT method. Also, Transmission electron microscopy images were used to evaluate the morphology of the cells. Results: Our results showed that Ag-NPs with a concentration of 0.001 ppm could significantly increase ONL-93 cells survival through the 15min hypoxic-ischemia condition induced by NaN3 (100mM) followed by reperfusion (93.02±2.83). However, Ag-NPs (0.001ppm) could not protect the cells from hypoxic-ischemic injury induced by NaN3 (1M) through the same procedure. Conclusion: Although the neurotoxic effects of Ag-NPs have been documented in many studies, the Ag-NPs solution, which was used in this study, could show protective effects on oligodendroglial cells in concentration of 0.001 ppm during the planned model of chemical ischemia. Hence, more investigation is suggested to clarify the protective effect of Ag-NPs (average size of 40 nm) on oligodendrocytes.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88519666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mohebbati, Reza Nejad Shahrokh Abadi, V. Alikhani, M. Shafei
Introduction: The dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) is located around the cerebral aqueduct with various functions such as cardiovascular regulation and is affected by inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a complex molecule with an inflammatory effect that is known to affect blood pressure. In the present study, the cardiovascular effect of LPS microinjection into the dmPAG was investigated. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups consisting of 1: control; 2: 50 ng LPS and 3: 100 ng LPS. Rats were mounted on a stereotaxic device after anesthesia and a continuous recording of cardiovascular parameters was done by a PowerLab device, connected to a cannulated femoral artery and drugs microinjected into dmPAG. The changes (∆) in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were calculated at different times and compared to the control group. Results: Both doses of LPS when microinjected into the dmPAG brought on a significant hypotensive response in the pressure parameters (MAP, SBP, and DBP) when compared to control. A non-significant increase in HR was also documented in both groups. Conclusion: The results of this experiment indicated that LPS, when microinjected into the dmPAG, induced a hypotensive response in anesthetized rats in both doses in comparison to control.
导览:dmPAG位于脑导水管周围，具有心血管调节等多种功能，受炎症影响。脂多糖(LPS)是一种复杂的分子，具有炎症作用，已知会影响血压。在本研究中，研究了LPS微注射到dmPAG的心血管效应。方法:将大鼠分为3组，1:对照组;2:50 ng LPS和3:100 ng LPS。麻醉后将大鼠置于立体定向装置上，通过连接空心股动脉的PowerLab装置连续记录心血管参数，并将药物微注射到dmPAG中。计算各组不同时间收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)的变化(∆)，并与对照组进行比较。结果:与对照组相比，两种剂量的LPS微注射到dmPAG时，在压力参数(MAP，收缩压和舒张压)方面都有显着的降压反应。两组的HR均无显著增加。结论:本实验结果表明，LPS微注射到dmPAG后，两种剂量的麻醉大鼠均有较好的降压反应。
{"title":"The cardiovascular responses after lipopolysaccharide microinjection into the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray in rats","authors":"R. Mohebbati, Reza Nejad Shahrokh Abadi, V. Alikhani, M. Shafei","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) is located around the cerebral aqueduct with various functions such as cardiovascular regulation and is affected by inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a complex molecule with an inflammatory effect that is known to affect blood pressure. In the present study, the cardiovascular effect of LPS microinjection into the dmPAG was investigated. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups consisting of 1: control; 2: 50 ng LPS and 3: 100 ng LPS. Rats were mounted on a stereotaxic device after anesthesia and a continuous recording of cardiovascular parameters was done by a PowerLab device, connected to a cannulated femoral artery and drugs microinjected into dmPAG. The changes (∆) in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were calculated at different times and compared to the control group. Results: Both doses of LPS when microinjected into the dmPAG brought on a significant hypotensive response in the pressure parameters (MAP, SBP, and DBP) when compared to control. A non-significant increase in HR was also documented in both groups. Conclusion: The results of this experiment indicated that LPS, when microinjected into the dmPAG, induced a hypotensive response in anesthetized rats in both doses in comparison to control.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89848449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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