* Corresponding authors: Sareh Asadi, s.asadi@sbmu.ac.ir Abolhassan Ahmadiani, aahmadiani@yahoo.com Received 10 October 2020; Revised from 4 February 2021; Accepted 8 February 2021 Citation: Asadi S, Sadat Rashidi F.S, Shams J, Ahmadiani A. Association of two specific haplotypes of serotonin transporter gene with fluvoxamine treatment outcome in Iranian patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Physiology and Pharmacology 2021; 25: 296-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.3 ABSTRACT
{"title":"Association of two specific haplotypes of serotonin transporter gene with fluvoxamine treatment outcomein Iranian patients with obsessive compulsive disorder","authors":"Sareh Asadi, F. Rashidi, J. Shams, A. Ahmadiani","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"* Corresponding authors: Sareh Asadi, s.asadi@sbmu.ac.ir Abolhassan Ahmadiani, aahmadiani@yahoo.com Received 10 October 2020; Revised from 4 February 2021; Accepted 8 February 2021 Citation: Asadi S, Sadat Rashidi F.S, Shams J, Ahmadiani A. Association of two specific haplotypes of serotonin transporter gene with fluvoxamine treatment outcome in Iranian patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Physiology and Pharmacology 2021; 25: 296-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.4.3 ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86988277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zulkhah Noor, Denny Agustiningsih, M. Soesatyo, S. Soejono
Introduction: Swimming exercises improve various nerve growth factors and angiogenesis that encouraged the researchers to investigate the effect of swimming exercises on thyroid function (cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP] and dual oxidase 2 [DUOX2] in free T4 [FT4] secretion), spatial memory, behavior and anxiety on normal Wistar pups and those given with propylthiouracil (PTU). Methods: The subjects of this research were normal Wistar pups and those given 25 ppm PTU from the 1st week until the 12th week of age. Swimming activity was started in 4-weekold pups after acclimatization for 1 week. Swimming exercises were conducted with a load of 1–2% body weight and 30min duration per day, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The levels of FT4 serum, cAMP and DUOX2 of the thyroid gland homogenate were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rats’ ability to maintain spatial memory was measured using the Morris water maze and anxiety using the open field maze. Results: The FT4 levels significantly decreased after the administration of 25 ppm PTU for 3 weeks and it was much more decreased after 12 weeks administration. The administration of 25 ppm PTU for 12 weeks reduced the cAMP levels, increased DUOX2 and reduced the spatial memory skills and exploration behavior of rats. Swimming exercise increased and normalized these parameters. Conclusion: Swimming exercises for 8 weeks improve thyroid function, learning ability and spatial memory of normal and PTU-induced hypothyroid Wistar rats.
{"title":"The effect of swimming exercise on thyroid function, spatial memory and anxiety in normal and propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism in Wistar rats","authors":"Zulkhah Noor, Denny Agustiningsih, M. Soesatyo, S. Soejono","doi":"10.52547/ppj.25.3.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ppj.25.3.231","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Swimming exercises improve various nerve growth factors and angiogenesis that encouraged the researchers to investigate the effect of swimming exercises on thyroid function (cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP] and dual oxidase 2 [DUOX2] in free T4 [FT4] secretion), spatial memory, behavior and anxiety on normal Wistar pups and those given with propylthiouracil (PTU). Methods: The subjects of this research were normal Wistar pups and those given 25 ppm PTU from the 1st week until the 12th week of age. Swimming activity was started in 4-weekold pups after acclimatization for 1 week. Swimming exercises were conducted with a load of 1–2% body weight and 30min duration per day, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The levels of FT4 serum, cAMP and DUOX2 of the thyroid gland homogenate were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rats’ ability to maintain spatial memory was measured using the Morris water maze and anxiety using the open field maze. Results: The FT4 levels significantly decreased after the administration of 25 ppm PTU for 3 weeks and it was much more decreased after 12 weeks administration. The administration of 25 ppm PTU for 12 weeks reduced the cAMP levels, increased DUOX2 and reduced the spatial memory skills and exploration behavior of rats. Swimming exercise increased and normalized these parameters. Conclusion: Swimming exercises for 8 weeks improve thyroid function, learning ability and spatial memory of normal and PTU-induced hypothyroid Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84326969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shahidi, Leila Rabiee, A. Komaki, Reihaneh Sadeghian
Introduction: Paradoxical data have been reported regarding the effects of fluoxetine on different types of learning and memory. Hippocampus-dependent memory is mediated by long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we evaluated the effects of acute administration of fluoxetine on LTP induction in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of intact rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups: the control group received saline 15min before high-frequency stimulation (HFS) and the fluoxetine groups were treated with fluoxetine (2 or 10mg/kg), 15min before HFS. The rats were anesthetized with urethane and put in a stereotaxic system for surgery, electrode implantation and field recording. After ensuring a steady-state baseline response, a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or fluoxetine (2 or 10mg/kg) was done. Next, population spike amplitude, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope, and paired-pulse stimuli (to determine recurrent inhibitory interneuron) were measured in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in three groups. Results: The results showed that population spike amplitude markedly increased in the fluoxetine (2 and 10mg/kg) group than in the saline group. Also, EPSP slope induction in the fluoxetine (10mg/kg) group showed an increase, 60min after HFS compared with the control group. Fluoxetine did not significantly affect recurrent inhibition. Conclusion: These results indicated that the acute administration of high-dose fluoxetine (10mg/kg) can induce LTP. Thus, fluoxetine can be considered as a memory enhancer in intact rats.
{"title":"High-dose fluoxetine improved long-term potentiation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in male rats","authors":"S. Shahidi, Leila Rabiee, A. Komaki, Reihaneh Sadeghian","doi":"10.52547/ppj.25.3.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ppj.25.3.223","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Paradoxical data have been reported regarding the effects of fluoxetine on different types of learning and memory. Hippocampus-dependent memory is mediated by long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we evaluated the effects of acute administration of fluoxetine on LTP induction in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of intact rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups: the control group received saline 15min before high-frequency stimulation (HFS) and the fluoxetine groups were treated with fluoxetine (2 or 10mg/kg), 15min before HFS. The rats were anesthetized with urethane and put in a stereotaxic system for surgery, electrode implantation and field recording. After ensuring a steady-state baseline response, a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or fluoxetine (2 or 10mg/kg) was done. Next, population spike amplitude, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope, and paired-pulse stimuli (to determine recurrent inhibitory interneuron) were measured in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in three groups. Results: The results showed that population spike amplitude markedly increased in the fluoxetine (2 and 10mg/kg) group than in the saline group. Also, EPSP slope induction in the fluoxetine (10mg/kg) group showed an increase, 60min after HFS compared with the control group. Fluoxetine did not significantly affect recurrent inhibition. Conclusion: These results indicated that the acute administration of high-dose fluoxetine (10mg/kg) can induce LTP. Thus, fluoxetine can be considered as a memory enhancer in intact rats.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81360764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samira Miraee, M. Farhadi, S. B. Jameie, Shabnam Najafie
Introduction: Cerebral stroke is known to be the third most common cause of death in the world. To study pathophysiology and effects of the therapeutic agents on stroke, the cellular model of stroke recently was used more. ONL-93, oligodendrocyte like cell, is known as an appropriate model to study the role of glial cells in stroke. Apigenin is a flavonoid that has neuroprotective and neurogenic effects; therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of apigenin flavonoid on the OLN-93 cell line in terms of oxygen and glucose deprivation in the cellular stroke model. Methods: The cells were divided into experimental, negative and positive control groups. Then, MTT, reactive oxygen species (ROS), annexin and propidium iodide as well as Western blotting assays were performed to evaluate the viability and apoptosis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in the number of live cells following administration of 1μM of apigenin in experimental groups and also, there was a significant difference in the number of live cells between two doses of 1μM and 0.75μM of the apigenin. The amount of ROS produced at a concentration of 1μM apigenin was a significant decrease compared to the positive control group and apoptotic cells also decreased significantly. The results for the expression of P53 protein showed a significant reduction in experimental groups. Conclusion: Based on our results, apigenin could have beneficial effects through the reduction of P53 and ROS production.
{"title":"The protective effects of apigenin on OLN-93 cellular model of cerebral stroke","authors":"Samira Miraee, M. Farhadi, S. B. Jameie, Shabnam Najafie","doi":"10.52547/ppj.25.3.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ppj.25.3.270","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cerebral stroke is known to be the third most common cause of death in the world. To study pathophysiology and effects of the therapeutic agents on stroke, the cellular model of stroke recently was used more. ONL-93, oligodendrocyte like cell, is known as an appropriate model to study the role of glial cells in stroke. Apigenin is a flavonoid that has neuroprotective and neurogenic effects; therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of apigenin flavonoid on the OLN-93 cell line in terms of oxygen and glucose deprivation in the cellular stroke model. Methods: The cells were divided into experimental, negative and positive control groups. Then, MTT, reactive oxygen species (ROS), annexin and propidium iodide as well as Western blotting assays were performed to evaluate the viability and apoptosis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in the number of live cells following administration of 1μM of apigenin in experimental groups and also, there was a significant difference in the number of live cells between two doses of 1μM and 0.75μM of the apigenin. The amount of ROS produced at a concentration of 1μM apigenin was a significant decrease compared to the positive control group and apoptotic cells also decreased significantly. The results for the expression of P53 protein showed a significant reduction in experimental groups. Conclusion: Based on our results, apigenin could have beneficial effects through the reduction of P53 and ROS production.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84960758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou, E. Saboory, L. Derafshpour, S. Masudi, Zafar Gholinejad, Yousef Rasmi
1. Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran 2. Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 3. Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran 5. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
{"title":"The impact of mild and short-term social stress on urinary levels of T3 and iodine in students of elementary schools","authors":"Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou, E. Saboory, L. Derafshpour, S. Masudi, Zafar Gholinejad, Yousef Rasmi","doi":"10.52547/ppj.25.3.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ppj.25.3.214","url":null,"abstract":"1. Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran 2. Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 3. Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran 5. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"530 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77008842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial potential of a gel containing hydrogen peroxide and hyaluronic acid","authors":"J. Tadakamadla, Elisa Boccalari, C. Maspero","doi":"10.52547/ppj.25.3.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ppj.25.3.189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74298860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeynab Mohamadi yarijani, S. Madani, S. Changizi-Ashtiyani, Houshang Najafi
1. Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2. Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 3. Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
{"title":"Protective effects of date palm pollen extract on gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity","authors":"Zeynab Mohamadi yarijani, S. Madani, S. Changizi-Ashtiyani, Houshang Najafi","doi":"10.52547/ppj.25.3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ppj.25.3.251","url":null,"abstract":"1. Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2. Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 3. Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81401486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Nowadays, the prevalence of nicotine abuse among women has increased dramatically. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nicotine exposure on breast MCF-7 and ovarian OVCAR-3 cell lines for assessing the toxicity of nicotine in the cells of these organs. Methods: The MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cells were treated with increasing nicotine concentrations ranging from 0 (control), 10-11, 10-8 and 10-6 M for 24h. Effect of nicotine treatments on major antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored. Results: We showed that the CAT activity in MCF-7 cells increased only at 10-6 M dose of nicotine. The GPx and GR activity was decreased at 10-8 and 10-6 M of nicotine in MCF-7 cells, but in OVCAR-3 cells, this decrease was significant only at 10-6 M dose of nicotine. Reduced GSH decrease was statistically significant only at 10-8 and 10-6 M of nicotine in MCF-7 cells; otherwise, in OVCAR-3 cells, this decline was significant only at 10-6 M of nicotine. Nicotine at 10-8 and 10-6 M concentration caused a significant increase in MDA levels in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: This study showed that breast MCF-7 cells are more vulnerable than ovarian OVCAR-3 cells against nicotine-induced oxidative toxicity.
{"title":"Nicotine effects on enzymatic antioxidant defenses in human breast and ovarian cell lines","authors":"A. Yarahmadi, N. Mohammadi, F. Zal","doi":"10.52547/ppj.25.3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ppj.25.3.279","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nowadays, the prevalence of nicotine abuse among women has increased dramatically. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nicotine exposure on breast MCF-7 and ovarian OVCAR-3 cell lines for assessing the toxicity of nicotine in the cells of these organs. Methods: The MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cells were treated with increasing nicotine concentrations ranging from 0 (control), 10-11, 10-8 and 10-6 M for 24h. Effect of nicotine treatments on major antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored. Results: We showed that the CAT activity in MCF-7 cells increased only at 10-6 M dose of nicotine. The GPx and GR activity was decreased at 10-8 and 10-6 M of nicotine in MCF-7 cells, but in OVCAR-3 cells, this decrease was significant only at 10-6 M dose of nicotine. Reduced GSH decrease was statistically significant only at 10-8 and 10-6 M of nicotine in MCF-7 cells; otherwise, in OVCAR-3 cells, this decline was significant only at 10-6 M of nicotine. Nicotine at 10-8 and 10-6 M concentration caused a significant increase in MDA levels in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: This study showed that breast MCF-7 cells are more vulnerable than ovarian OVCAR-3 cells against nicotine-induced oxidative toxicity.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82891329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Peyvandi, S. Niknazar, F. Zare Mehrjerdi, Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh, S. Khoshsirat, M. Peyvandi
Introduction: COVID-19, a novel coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), is currently regarded as the most serious viral disease. During corona infection, viruses bind to host proteins and employ a variety of cellular pathways for their own purposes. Cell signaling is important for the regulation of cellular function. SARS-CoV-2 infection alters multiple signal transduction pathways that are critical for cell survival. The virus causes a severe and prolonged period of hypercytokinemia with misusing of these signaling cascades. Hyperactivation of the host immune system after infection with SARS-CoV-2 is the main cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Thus, to develop effective therapeutic approaches, it is necessary to first understand the problem and the underlying molecular pathways implicated in host immunological function/dysfunction. A number of intracellular signaling cascades have been implicated in infected cell pathways, including MAPK pathway, NF-Kappa B pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and TLRI signaling cascades. Here, we have presented the molecular insights on the potential mechanisms involved in immunopathological events of COVID-19.
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in immunopathological events of COVID-19","authors":"A. Peyvandi, S. Niknazar, F. Zare Mehrjerdi, Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh, S. Khoshsirat, M. Peyvandi","doi":"10.52547/phypha.25.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/phypha.25.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19, a novel coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), is currently regarded as the most serious viral disease. During corona infection, viruses bind to host proteins and employ a variety of cellular pathways for their own purposes. Cell signaling is important for the regulation of cellular function. SARS-CoV-2 infection alters multiple signal transduction pathways that are critical for cell survival. The virus causes a severe and prolonged period of hypercytokinemia with misusing of these signaling cascades. Hyperactivation of the host immune system after infection with SARS-CoV-2 is the main cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Thus, to develop effective therapeutic approaches, it is necessary to first understand the problem and the underlying molecular pathways implicated in host immunological function/dysfunction. A number of intracellular signaling cascades have been implicated in infected cell pathways, including MAPK pathway, NF-Kappa B pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and TLRI signaling cascades. Here, we have presented the molecular insights on the potential mechanisms involved in immunopathological events of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although biocidal action of hydrogen peroxide (HPO) is not well understood, many authors believe that the free hydroxyl radicals causes oxidation of DNA, proteins and lipid membranes (Linley et al., 2012). Use of HPO on skin problems is recently gaining importance due to its efficacy in preventing acne (Milani et al., 2003; Veraldi et al., 2016).It is also being used in treating Molluscum contagiosum due to its antiviral properties (Schianchi et al., 2018). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is another product with promising skin benefits because of its moisturising and wound healing properties, along with its ability to prevent wrinkles (Lee et al., 2015). It also produces extracellular matrix and prevents infections by modulating cellular immunity (Jegasothy et al., 2014). There are also clinical studies that tested the effectiveness of HA on skin, particularly in decreasing the depth of wrinkles, hydrating the skin and improving the firmness and elasticity of the skin (Jegasothy et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2015; Pavicic et al., 2011).
虽然过氧化氢(HPO)的生物杀灭作用尚不清楚，但许多作者认为，游离羟基自由基会导致DNA、蛋白质和脂质膜的氧化(Linley et al.， 2012)。由于其预防痤疮的功效，使用HPO治疗皮肤问题最近变得越来越重要(Milani等人，2003;Veraldi et al.， 2016)。由于其抗病毒特性，它也被用于治疗传染性软疣(Schianchi et al.， 2018)。透明质酸(HA)是另一种有希望对皮肤有益的产品，因为它具有保湿和伤口愈合特性，以及防止皱纹的能力(Lee等人，2015)。它还产生细胞外基质，并通过调节细胞免疫来预防感染(Jegasothy et al.， 2014)。也有临床研究测试了透明质酸对皮肤的有效性，特别是在减少皱纹深度，滋润皮肤和改善皮肤紧致度和弹性方面(Jegasothy等人，2014;Lee et al.， 2015;Pavicic et al.， 2011)。
{"title":"Antimicrobial potential of a gel containing hydrogen peroxide and hyaluronic acid (Letter)","authors":"J. Tadakamadla, Elisa Boccalari, C. Maspero","doi":"10.52547/PHYPHA.25.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/PHYPHA.25.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Although biocidal action of hydrogen peroxide (HPO) is not well understood, many authors believe that the free hydroxyl radicals causes oxidation of DNA, proteins and lipid membranes (Linley et al., 2012). Use of HPO on skin problems is recently gaining importance due to its efficacy in preventing acne (Milani et al., 2003; Veraldi et al., 2016).It is also being used in treating Molluscum contagiosum due to its antiviral properties (Schianchi et al., 2018). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is another product with promising skin benefits because of its moisturising and wound healing properties, along with its ability to prevent wrinkles (Lee et al., 2015). It also produces extracellular matrix and prevents infections by modulating cellular immunity (Jegasothy et al., 2014). There are also clinical studies that tested the effectiveness of HA on skin, particularly in decreasing the depth of wrinkles, hydrating the skin and improving the firmness and elasticity of the skin (Jegasothy et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2015; Pavicic et al., 2011).","PeriodicalId":20151,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Pharmacology","volume":"59 1","pages":"189-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73193893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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