Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献_第9页

A review of car-following and lane-changing models under heterogeneous environments 异质环境下的汽车跟随和变道模型综述

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130127

Yujia Chen , Changyin Dong , Keyun Lyu , Xiaomeng Shi , Gengyue Han , Hao Wang

The coexistence of Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs) and Human-driven Vehicles (HVs) in traffic scenarios is expected to persist in the long term. Hence, proposing effective mixed traffic flow control strategies is crucial for alleviating traffic congestion, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing traffic flow efficiency. However, existing reviews on car-following and lane-changing control encounter several issues: First, current studies are relatively disconnected, lacking a comprehensive framework to summarize both car-following and lane-changing models in heterogeneous environments; Second, existing reviews predominantly focus on individual vehicle-level models, rarely exploring coupling control strategies considering multi-vehicle interactions; Third, the explored driving scenarios in current review articles are relatively single or are not clearly distinguished. To fill this research gap, this paper offers a novel perspective on car-following and lane-changing models across three perspectives: i) HVs CF and LC behaviour simulation models; ii) CAVs CF and LC maneuver control models; and iii) The basic coupling architecture of CAV CF and LC maneuver control considering multi-vehicle interaction and its applications in some typical driving scenarios, including platoon scheduling, intersections, ramps, and CAV dedicated lanes. The objective of this paper is to provide valuable insights for future research on vehicle maneuver control in heterogeneous environments.

互联自动车辆（CAV）和人类驾驶车辆（HV）在交通场景中的共存预计将长期存在。因此，提出有效的混合交通流控制策略对于缓解交通拥堵、降低能耗和提高交通流效率至关重要。然而，现有关于汽车跟随和变道控制的综述遇到了几个问题：首先，目前的研究相对脱节，缺乏一个全面的框架来总结异构环境下的跟车和变道模型；其次，现有综述主要关注单车层面的模型，很少探讨考虑多车交互的耦合控制策略；第三，目前的综述文章所探讨的驾驶场景相对单一或没有明确区分。为了填补这一研究空白，本文从三个方面对汽车跟车和变道模型进行了新颖的探讨：i) HVs CF 和 LC 行为仿真模型；ii) CAVs CF 和 LC 机动控制模型；iii) 考虑多车交互的 CAV CF 和 LC 机动控制基本耦合架构及其在一些典型驾驶场景中的应用，包括排队调度、交叉路口、坡道和 CAV 专用车道。本文旨在为异构环境下车辆操纵控制的未来研究提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

PACC: A platoon-based adaptive cruise control strategy based on leader-following information topology to mitigate traffic oscillations under CAV environment PACC：基于领队-跟随信息拓扑的排级自适应巡航控制策略，缓解 CAV 环境下的交通振荡

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130117

Zhi Zhou , Linheng Li , Xu Qu , Bin Ran

Traffic oscillations, often induced by repetitive acceleration and deceleration maneuvers in vehicles’ car-following behaviors, can cause many negative impacts on the traffic flow. With the development of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies recently, scholars have made numerous effects on mitigating the propagation of traffic oscillations through a variety of advanced CAV control strategies, especially those related to the CAV platoon control. Different from the previous works, this paper proposed a platoon-based adaptive cruise control (PACC) strategy for CAV platoon to mitigate the traffic oscillations. The strategy is designed based on the novel and unique leader-following (LF) information topology. Built on the classical proportional-derivative (PD) controller that is implemented in the adaptive cruise control (ACC) strategy of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the PACC strategy is exquisitely designed to ensure the string stability of entire CAV platoon and the critically damped condition of each following CAV in the platoon. Credit to the rapid response of following CAV to the vibration of leading CAV’s dynamic status under LF information topology and the thorough consideration of string stability and damping characteristics in the PD controller design, the PACC strategy enables the CAV platoon to mitigate the traffic oscillations more efficiently than the existing cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) and ACC strategies. The numerical experiment for the mixed traffic flow on a single-lane ring road indicates that, when the CAV platoon adopts the PACC strategy, the performance of traffic flow in terms of operational efficiency, driving safety, passenger’s comfort, and fuel economy is substantially enhanced, compared with CACC and ACC strategies. In addition, the performance of PACC strategy gradually improves with the increase of market penetration rate (MPR) of CAVs and length of CAV platoon. Overall, the proposed PACC strategy is a promising solution to the mitigation of traffic oscillation under the CAV environment.

交通振荡通常由车辆跟车行为中的重复加减速动作引起，会对交通流造成许多负面影响。近年来，随着车联网和自动驾驶汽车（CAV）技术的发展，学者们通过各种先进的CAV控制策略，尤其是与CAV排序控制相关的控制策略，在缓解交通振荡传播方面取得了诸多成效。与前人的研究不同，本文提出了一种基于排序的 CAV 排序自适应巡航控制（PACC）策略，以缓解交通振荡。该策略基于新颖独特的领导-跟随（LF）信息拓扑结构设计。PACC 策略基于自动驾驶汽车（AV）自适应巡航控制（ACC）策略中实现的经典比例-派生（PD）控制器，设计精巧，可确保整个 CAV 排的串稳定性以及排中每辆跟随 CAV 的临界阻尼状态。由于在低频信息拓扑结构下，后续 CAV 能对前导 CAV 的动态状态振动做出快速响应，并且在 PD 控制器设计中充分考虑了串稳定性和阻尼特性，因此 PACC 策略能使 CAV 排比现有的协同自适应巡航控制 (CACC) 和 ACC 策略更有效地缓解交通振荡。对单车道环路混合交通流的数值实验表明，当 CAV 排采用 PACC 策略时，与 CACC 和 ACC 策略相比，交通流在运行效率、驾驶安全性、乘客舒适性和燃油经济性等方面的性能均有大幅提升。此外，随着 CAV 市场渗透率（MPR）和 CAV 排长的增加，PACC 策略的性能也会逐渐提高。总之，所提出的 PACC 策略是缓解 CAV 环境下交通振荡的一种有前途的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

A simplicial SSIS epidemic model with the outgoing pressure 一个简单的 SSIS 流行病模型，带有外压

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130118

Yuyan Qin, Lixin Yang, Jia Li, Mengjiao Li, Meng Meng Du

A new simplicial epidemic model that considers the pressure of out-going is proposed to describe the characteristics of clustering on disease transmission more accurately. In addition, the probability evolution equations of nodes in each state are obtained by the quenched mean-field method. Furthermore, we analyze the conditions of the existence and the stability of the equilibrium points. Subsequently, the sensitivity analysis of the parameters is investigated, and it can be concluded that the degree about pairwise transmission rate has great impact on the propagation threshold. Our simulation results indicate that the system produces forward bifurcation or backward bifurcation via the one-parameter bifurcation diagram, and the bistable state of the system appears under certain conditions. Meanwhile, we obtain the transition conditions of the system from the disease-free equilibrium state to the bistable state through the divisional diagram. It is also noticed that the pressure of out-going plays a crucial role in the spreading process of diseases. On the one hand, the increasing of the pressure of out-going leads to the decreasing of the disease transmission threshold and a faster outbreak of disease. On the other hand, an increase in the individuals without the pressure of out-going causes the increasing of transmission threshold and a slower outbreak of disease.

为了更准确地描述集群对疾病传播的影响，我们提出了一种新的简约流行病模型，该模型考虑了流出压力。此外，还利用淬火均值场方法得到了各状态下节点的概率演化方程。此外，我们还分析了平衡点的存在条件和稳定性。随后，研究了参数的敏感性分析，得出结论：成对传输速率对传播阈值有很大影响。仿真结果表明，通过单参数分岔图，系统会产生正向分岔或反向分岔，并在一定条件下出现系统的双稳态。同时，我们通过分叉图得到了系统从无病平衡态到双稳态的过渡条件。我们还注意到，外流压力在疾病传播过程中起着至关重要的作用。一方面，传出压力的增加会导致疾病传播阈值降低，疾病爆发速度加快。另一方面，没有出境压力的个体的增加会导致疾病传播阈值的增加和疾病爆发的减缓。

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引用次数: 0

Information dissemination in growing scale-free hypernetworks with tunable clustering 利用可调聚类在不断增长的无标度超网络中传播信息

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130126

Pengyue Li , Faxu Li , Liang Wei , Feng Hu

Most real-world network evolution mechanisms not only have a preference attachment mechanism, but also exhibit high clustering characteristics. The existing information dissemination hypernetwork models are based on scale-free hypernetworks, and in this paper, we extend the scale-free hypernetwork evolution model by adding an adjustable high clustering and growth mechanism based on preference attachment, and propose a growing scale-free hypernetwork with tunable clustering. Thus hypernetwork models extend the traditional models and are more realistic. An information propagation model of SIS in hypernetworks based on reaction process strategy is constructed, and the dynamic process of information propagation under different network structure parameters is theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated. The results show that the propagation capacity of information increase with the growth rate, but suppressed with the increase of clustering coefficient. Additionally, we have discovered an important phenomenon: when the growth rate reaches 0.4 and increases further, the density of information nodes reaches saturation in the steady state. The proposed hypernetwork model is more suitable for real social networks and can provide some theoretical references for public opinion prediction and information control.

现实世界中的大多数网络演化机制不仅具有偏好依附机制，还表现出高聚类特性。现有的信息传播超网络模型都是基于无标度超网络的，本文在此基础上扩展了无标度超网络演化模型，增加了基于偏好依附的可调高聚类和增长机制，提出了具有可调聚类的增长型无标度超网络。因此，超网络模型扩展了传统模型，更加符合实际。构建了基于反应过程策略的超网络 SIS 信息传播模型，对不同网络结构参数下的信息传播动态过程进行了理论分析和数值模拟。结果表明，信息传播能力随增长率的增加而增加，但随聚类系数的增加而减弱。此外，我们还发现了一个重要现象：当增长率达到 0.4 并进一步提高时，信息节点密度在稳定状态下达到饱和。所提出的超网络模型更适用于真实的社会网络，可为舆情预测和信息控制提供一定的理论参考。

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引用次数: 0

Crypto network 加密网络

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130128

Giuseppe Pernagallo

The empirical literature has studied linkages in the cryptocurrency market because knowing how shocks pass from one currency to another helps policymakers and practitioners better counter their propagation in these and related markets. This paper contributes to this literature by proposing a methodology based on Granger causality and network analysis. Using the daily log-returns of 22 cryptocurrencies over the period 2018–2023, I develop a VAR model to infer unidirectional or bidirectional Granger causality among cryptocurrencies. These relationships are then transformed into a directed network and several centrality measures are calculated. The centrality measures are also observed over the years to understand the dynamics of the cryptocurrency network. I find out that each one unit increase in eigencentrality is associated with a 0.22 percent increase in log-returns. Cryptocurrencies are nontrivially connected, and in this sample Cardano, Dogecoin, Gridcoin, and Neo are amongst the most central in the network throughout the period. Some cryptocurrencies, such as Dogecoin or Neo, show decreasing centrality over the years, while others, such as Gridcoin, Litecoin, Namecoin, or Ripple, gain centrality. These results support the idea that the cryptocurrency market is no longer exclusively associated with Bitcoin and lay the groundwork for further study of shock propagation in financial markets.

实证文献对加密货币市场的联系进行了研究，因为了解冲击如何从一种货币传递到另一种货币，有助于政策制定者和从业者更好地应对冲击在这些市场和相关市场的传播。本文提出了一种基于格兰杰因果关系和网络分析的方法，为这一文献做出了贡献。利用 2018-2023 年期间 22 种加密货币的每日对数收益率，我建立了一个 VAR 模型来推断加密货币之间的单向或双向格兰杰因果关系。然后将这些关系转化为有向网络，并计算出若干中心度量。为了了解加密货币网络的动态，我们还对这些中心度量进行了多年观察。我发现，特征中心度每增加一个单位，对数回报率就会增加 0.22%。加密货币是非垂直连接的，在本样本中，Cardano、Dogecoin、Gridcoin 和 Neo 是整个期间网络中最中心的加密货币。一些加密货币（如 Dogecoin 或 Neo）的中心地位逐年下降，而其他加密货币（如 Gridcoin、莱特币、Namecoin 或 Ripple）的中心地位则不断上升。这些结果支持了加密货币市场不再只与比特币相关联的观点，并为进一步研究金融市场的冲击传播奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Jensen-Detrended Cross-Correlation function for non-stationary time series with application to Latin American stock markets 非平稳时间序列的詹森-去趋势交叉相关函数在拉丁美洲股票市场中的应用

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130115

Javier E. Contreras-Reyes , Fabiola Jeldes-Delgado , Raúl Carrasco

Variance has an important role in statistics and information theory fields, by forming the basis for many well-known information measures. Based on Jensen’s inequality and variance, the Jensen-variance information has been previously proposed to measure the distance between two random variables. Jensen-variance distance is based on the convexity property of random variable variance. Based on the relationship between Jensen-variance distance and classical Detrended Cross-Correlation (DCC) of two not necessarily stationary process, the Jensen-Detrended Covariance and Jensen-DCC functions are proposed in this paper. Moreover, Jensen-DCC function is also considered for Hénon and Logistic chaotic maps for simulated time series. Then we considered a stock market time series dataset for the study of similarity of Latin American indexes with S&P500 and Shanghai ones. We obtained a useful tool to study the similarity or distance of two non-stationary time series based on DCC coefficient.

方差在统计学和信息论领域具有重要作用，是许多著名信息度量的基础。在詹森不等式和方差的基础上，之前有人提出了詹森-方差信息来度量两个随机变量之间的距离。詹森方差距离是基于随机变量方差的凸性特性。根据两个不一定静止过程的詹森方差距离与经典的去趋势交叉相关（DCC）之间的关系，本文提出了詹森-去趋势协方差函数和詹森-DCC 函数。此外，Jensen-DCC 函数还考虑了用于模拟时间序列的 Hénon 和 Logistic 混沌图。然后，我们考虑了一个股票市场时间序列数据集，用于研究拉丁美洲指数与 S&P500 和上海指数的相似性。我们获得了一个基于 DCC 系数研究两个非平稳时间序列的相似性或距离的有用工具。

引用次数: 0

An innovative defense strategy against targeted spreading in complex networks 针对复杂网络定向传播的创新防御策略

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130120

Haofei Yin, Xiaohua Cui, An Zeng

Protecting target nodes in complex networks is a critical issue in network security research. In many real-world scenarios, the identities of certain target nodes remain unknown, and the impact of this incomplete information on appropriately selecting initial spreaders is not fully understood. This paper first examines how the observability rate of target nodes affects the effectiveness of targeted spreading. The findings indicate that even if most target nodes are unobservable, identifying the optimal spreader for targeted propagation is still feasible in many real-world networks. This indicates that solely relying on protecting target nodes through external observation avoidance is insufficient. To address this issue, we developed a novel camouflage defense strategy for target nodes in complex networks by integrating target centrality, the distribution of target node groups, and the network distance between disguised and hidden target nodes. This strategy effectively hinders attackers’ selection of the optimal initial spreader by adjusting the visibility of selected target nodes and their neighbors, without altering the network structure. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in three aspects: matching accuracy of the optimal initial spreader, implementation of SIR propagation dynamics, and comparative testing against other models. These results were obtained not only from three types of generic artificial networks but also from multiple real datasets.

保护复杂网络中的目标节点是网络安全研究中的一个关键问题。在现实世界的许多场景中，某些目标节点的身份仍然未知，而这种不完整信息对适当选择初始传播者的影响尚未完全明了。本文首先研究了目标节点的可观察率如何影响定向传播的效果。研究结果表明，即使大多数目标节点是不可观测的，在许多真实世界的网络中，确定定向传播的最佳传播者仍然是可行的。这表明，仅仅依靠避免外部观察来保护目标节点是不够的。针对这一问题，我们通过整合目标中心性、目标节点群分布以及伪装目标节点与隐藏目标节点之间的网络距离，开发了一种新型的复杂网络目标节点伪装防御策略。该策略在不改变网络结构的前提下，通过调整所选目标节点及其邻居的可见性，有效阻止攻击者选择最优初始传播者。最后，我们从三个方面验证了所提模型的有效性：最佳初始传播者的匹配精度、SIR 传播动态的实现以及与其他模型的对比测试。这些结果不仅来自三种通用人工网络，也来自多个真实数据集。

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引用次数: 0

Synchronization on complex dynamical networks via intermittently sampled-data pinning control 通过间歇采样数据钉控在复杂动态网络上实现同步

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130109

Yinxing Zhang , Mengmeng Sun , Kezan Li

Each specific control strategy has a unique advantage, and combining multiple control strategies can harness the advantages of these strategies. Designing new control strategies by integrating different control strategies is an interesting and challenging topic. This paper introduces an intermittently sampled-data pinning (ISP) control strategy, which merges intermittent control, sampled-data control and pinning control, to study synchronization on complex dynamical networks. The ISP control strategy is proposed to solve three difficulties: first, the controllers transmitting feedback signals may be discontinuous; second, the controllers often cannot operate continuously in practical applications; third, it is usually hard to control all nodes in a dynamical network as the network size is huge. Sufficient conditions are obtained for realizing synchronization on dynamical networks. Furthermore, time delays are incorporated into the proposed control strategy to address the untimely reception of feedback signals and achieve the synchronization conditions on dynamical networks. Finally, two numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

每种特定的控制策略都有其独特的优势，而将多种控制策略结合在一起则可以利用这些策略的优势。通过整合不同的控制策略来设计新的控制策略是一个既有趣又具有挑战性的课题。本文介绍了一种间歇采样数据引脚（ISP）控制策略，它融合了间歇控制、采样数据控制和引脚控制，用于研究复杂动态网络的同步问题。ISP 控制策略的提出解决了三个难题：第一，传输反馈信号的控制器可能是不连续的；第二，控制器在实际应用中往往不能连续工作；第三，由于网络规模巨大，通常很难控制动态网络中的所有节点。本文提出了实现动态网络同步的充分条件。此外，在所提出的控制策略中加入了时间延迟，以解决反馈信号接收不及时的问题，实现动态网络的同步条件。最后，两个数值实例证明了所提控制方法的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Exploring determinants of feeder mode choice behavior using Artificial Neural Network: Evidences from Delhi metro” [Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl. 598 (2022) 127363] 使用人工神经网络探索支线模式选择行为的决定因素：来自德里地铁的证据" [Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl.

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130112

Gulnazbanu Saiyad , Minal Srivastava , Dipak Rathwa

引用次数: 0

Impact of local navigation rules on biased random walks in multiplex Markov chains 局部导航规则对多路马尔可夫链中偏向随机游走的影响

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130122

Arpit Kumar , Subrata Ghosh , Pinaki Pal , Chittaranjan Hens

Our investigation centres on assessing the importance of a biased parameter (

α

) in a multiplex Markov chain (MMC) model that is characterized by biased random walks in multiplex networks. We explore how varying complex network topologies affect the total multiplex imbalance as a function of biased parameter. Our primary finding is that the system demonstrates a gradual increase in total imbalance within both positive and negative regions of the biased parameter, with a consistent minimum value occurring at

α = - 1

. In contrast to the negative region, the total imbalance is consistently high when

α

is significantly positive. We perform a detailed examination of four different network structures and establish three sets of multiplex networks. In each of these networks, the second layer consists of a Regular Random network, while the first layer is either a Barabási–Albert, Erdős-Rényi, or Watts Strogatz network, depending on the set. Our results demonstrate that the combination of Barabási–Albert and Random Regular Network exhibits the highest level of right saturation imbalance. Additionally, for left saturation imbalance, the Erdős–Rényi and Random Regular combination achieve a slightly higher value. We also observe that the total amount of imbalance at

α = - 1

follows a decreasing trend as the size of the network of each layer increases. Furthermore, we are also able to illustrate that the second most significant eigenvalue of the supra-transition matrix exhibits a similar pattern in response to changes in the bias parameter, aligning with the overall system’s imbalance.

我们的研究重点是评估多路马尔可夫链（MMC）模型中偏置参数（α）的重要性，该模型的特点是多路网络中的偏置随机行走。我们探讨了不同的复杂网络拓扑结构如何影响作为偏置参数函数的总复用不平衡。我们的主要发现是，在偏置参数的正负两个区域内，系统的总不平衡度都会逐渐增加，在 α=-1 时出现一致的最小值。与负值区域相反，当 α 显著为正值时，总失衡度一直很高。我们对四种不同的网络结构进行了详细研究，并建立了三组多路复用网络。在每一组网络中，第二层都由常规随机网络组成，而第一层则是巴拉巴西-阿尔伯特网络、厄尔多斯-雷尼网络或瓦特-斯特罗加茨网络，具体取决于哪一组网络。我们的结果表明，Barabási-Albert 和随机正则网络的组合表现出最高水平的右饱和不平衡。此外，就左侧饱和不平衡而言，厄尔多斯-雷尼网络和随机正则网络的组合达到了稍高的值。我们还观察到，随着各层网络规模的增加，α=-1 时的不平衡总量呈下降趋势。此外，我们还能说明，超过渡矩阵的第二个最重要特征值对偏置参数变化的响应也呈现出类似的模式，与整个系统的不平衡性相一致。

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引用次数: 0