Biopolymeric conjugate units are the next-generation material having maximum appreciable attributes such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxic, bioadhesive, and bioavailability. The usage of biopolymers promotes green chemistry and sustainable development hence limiting the overgrowing toxic materials harming the environment. In addition, polynucleotide conjugates increase the efficiency of the biopolymeric conjugate unit due to their supramolecular structure. Polynucleotide conjugates comprising chitosan, peptide, cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, phenanthridine, and metallocene are common conjugates with polynucleotides. The synthesis process depends on the use of substrate and available conjugates. However click chemistry involving a series of steps can be preferably used for the development of conjugated, while the new method of cycling using the Garratt–Braverman cyclization approach combined with Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction can also be used as an alternative to click chemistry. Peptide coupling, N-methylation, reductive amination, acylation reaction, and layer-by-layer can be used to fabricate polynucleotide/biopolymeric conjugates. Considering the applicability aspect of the developed polynucleotide conjugates then preferably the biomedical field has witnessed more of its usage followed by its utility as a catalyst and detection and sensor probes. Especially, RNA technology has made a preferable place as a conjugate because of its intrinsic coding, and expression of genes in the natural environment. Therefore, polynucleotide/biopolymeric conjugates can be successfully employed to achieve the required results in the desired fields.
{"title":"Biopolymeric conjugation with polynucleotides and applications","authors":"Hardeep Kaur, Shinar Athwal, Neelam Negi, Aditya Nautiyal, Shanu Magotra","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Biopolymeric conjugate units are the next-generation material having maximum appreciable attributes such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxic, bioadhesive, and bioavailability. The usage of biopolymers promotes green chemistry and sustainable development hence limiting the overgrowing toxic materials harming the environment. In addition, polynucleotide conjugates increase the efficiency of the biopolymeric conjugate unit due to their supramolecular structure. Polynucleotide conjugates comprising chitosan, peptide, cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, phenanthridine, and metallocene are common conjugates with polynucleotides. The synthesis process depends on the use of substrate and available conjugates. However click chemistry involving a series of steps can be preferably used for the development of conjugated, while the new method of cycling using the Garratt–Braverman cyclization approach combined with Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction can also be used as an alternative to click chemistry. Peptide coupling, N-methylation, reductive amination, acylation reaction, and layer-by-layer can be used to fabricate polynucleotide/biopolymeric conjugates. Considering the applicability aspect of the developed polynucleotide conjugates then preferably the biomedical field has witnessed more of its usage followed by its utility as a catalyst and detection and sensor probes. Especially, RNA technology has made a preferable place as a conjugate because of its intrinsic coding, and expression of genes in the natural environment. Therefore, polynucleotide/biopolymeric conjugates can be successfully employed to achieve the required results in the desired fields.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"141 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Continuous bioprocesses have become a significant technological change in regulated industries, with process analytical technology (PAT) and quality-by-design (QbD) being essential for enabling continuous biomanufacturing. PAT and QbD are associated with process automation and control, providing real-time key process information. Continuous manufacturing eliminates hold times and reduces processing times, providing benefits such as improved product quality, reduced waste, lower costs, and increased manufacturing flexibility and agility. Over the past decade, advancements in science and engineering, along with the adoption of QbD and the advancement of PAT, have progressed the scientific and regulatory readiness for continuous manufacturing. Regulatory authorities support the implementation of continuous manufacturing using science- and risk-based approaches, providing a great deal of potential to address issues of agility, flexibility, cost, and robustness in the development of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
摘要 连续生物工艺已成为受管制行业的一项重大技术变革，而工艺分析技术（PAT）和质量源于设计（QbD）是实现连续生物制造的关键。PAT 和 QbD 与工艺自动化和控制有关，可提供实时的关键工艺信息。连续生产消除了滞留时间，缩短了加工时间，带来了产品质量提高、浪费减少、成本降低、生产灵活性和敏捷性增强等好处。在过去的十年中，随着科学和工程技术的进步，以及 QbD 的采用和 PAT 的发展，连续生产在科学和监管方面都已准备就绪。监管机构支持采用基于科学和风险的方法实施连续生产，这为解决制药生产工艺开发过程中的敏捷性、灵活性、成本和稳健性等问题提供了巨大的潜力。
{"title":"Continuous biomanufacturing in upstream and downstream processing","authors":"A. Schmidt, A. Hengelbrock, Jochen Strube","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Continuous bioprocesses have become a significant technological change in regulated industries, with process analytical technology (PAT) and quality-by-design (QbD) being essential for enabling continuous biomanufacturing. PAT and QbD are associated with process automation and control, providing real-time key process information. Continuous manufacturing eliminates hold times and reduces processing times, providing benefits such as improved product quality, reduced waste, lower costs, and increased manufacturing flexibility and agility. Over the past decade, advancements in science and engineering, along with the adoption of QbD and the advancement of PAT, have progressed the scientific and regulatory readiness for continuous manufacturing. Regulatory authorities support the implementation of continuous manufacturing using science- and risk-based approaches, providing a great deal of potential to address issues of agility, flexibility, cost, and robustness in the development of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"754 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract During current years, the industrial biotechnology area has grown at giant steps, supported by the necessity of a sustainable supply chain and the inevitable depletion of petrochemical feedstocks. From this accelerated growth, the need for the development of more efficient bioprocesses in term of productivity and cost has emerged. A substantial number of bioprocesses have their potential hindered by product inhibition, a phenomenon that appears due to microbial metabolites produced in concentrations that become toxic even for the producing microorganism. In situ product recovery (ISPR) appears as a strategy to overcome such problems by primary recovery stage to the upstream, thus continuously extracting a desired or undesired target molecule from the fermentation broth as soon as it is produced. In this chapter, we will review the inherent advantages of implementing this technology in the production process, not only in terms of productivity, but also in equipment. A revision across the main the ISPR technologies can be found, explaining their main mechanisms and configurations, the appropriate scenarios to use each one and the main factors that must be considered that affect process efficiency. The chapter will be divided into three parts according to the types of ISPR that are reviewed, liquid–liquid, solid–liquid and gas–liquid techniques. Some recent trends and further perspectives for each method are also mentioned leaving space for further analysis of these technologies.
{"title":"In situ product removal","authors":"U. A. Salas-Villalobos, Oscar Aguilar","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During current years, the industrial biotechnology area has grown at giant steps, supported by the necessity of a sustainable supply chain and the inevitable depletion of petrochemical feedstocks. From this accelerated growth, the need for the development of more efficient bioprocesses in term of productivity and cost has emerged. A substantial number of bioprocesses have their potential hindered by product inhibition, a phenomenon that appears due to microbial metabolites produced in concentrations that become toxic even for the producing microorganism. In situ product recovery (ISPR) appears as a strategy to overcome such problems by primary recovery stage to the upstream, thus continuously extracting a desired or undesired target molecule from the fermentation broth as soon as it is produced. In this chapter, we will review the inherent advantages of implementing this technology in the production process, not only in terms of productivity, but also in equipment. A revision across the main the ISPR technologies can be found, explaining their main mechanisms and configurations, the appropriate scenarios to use each one and the main factors that must be considered that affect process efficiency. The chapter will be divided into three parts according to the types of ISPR that are reviewed, liquid–liquid, solid–liquid and gas–liquid techniques. Some recent trends and further perspectives for each method are also mentioned leaving space for further analysis of these technologies.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jochen Schaub, Andreas Ankenbauer, Tobias Habicher, Michael Löffler, Nicolas Maguire, Dominique Monteil, Sebastian Püngel, Lisa Stepper, Fabian Stiefel, Judith Thoma, Andreas Unsöld, Julia Walther, Christopher Wayne, Thomas Wucherpfennig
Abstract Process intensification aims to increase productivity in biologics manufacturing. Significant progress has been made in academia, the biopharmaceutical industry, and by the regulatory guidance since the 2000s. Process intensification can include all unit operations of a drug substance manufacturing process. The applied upstream concepts have consequences on the downstream process (DSP). The DSP process must manage larger product amounts while ensuring the required quality and impurity profiles, and cope with the available time frame as per scheduling requirements in a facility. Further, intensification in DSP is not based on a single technology only but rather on various technologies. This contribution provides an industry perspective on process intensification, describing basic concepts, technical and engineering aspects as well as the impact on the manufacturing process given existing facilities and a product portfolio to be manufactured. It also covers scientific approaches that support understanding and design of intensified bioprocesses. From an implementation perspective, the technologies used for intensification must be robust, scalable, and suitable for commercial manufacturing. Specific examples for a high seeding density fed batch (using N-1 perfusion) and a continuous process are provided for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells producing therapeutic antibodies. Economic and sustainability aspects are addressed as well. Process intensification in an industrial environment is complex and many factors need to be considered, ranging from characteristics of a specific molecule to its commercial manufacturing at internal or external sites for global or regional markets.
{"title":"Process intensification in biopharmaceutical process development and production – an industrial perspective","authors":"Jochen Schaub, Andreas Ankenbauer, Tobias Habicher, Michael Löffler, Nicolas Maguire, Dominique Monteil, Sebastian Püngel, Lisa Stepper, Fabian Stiefel, Judith Thoma, Andreas Unsöld, Julia Walther, Christopher Wayne, Thomas Wucherpfennig","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Process intensification aims to increase productivity in biologics manufacturing. Significant progress has been made in academia, the biopharmaceutical industry, and by the regulatory guidance since the 2000s. Process intensification can include all unit operations of a drug substance manufacturing process. The applied upstream concepts have consequences on the downstream process (DSP). The DSP process must manage larger product amounts while ensuring the required quality and impurity profiles, and cope with the available time frame as per scheduling requirements in a facility. Further, intensification in DSP is not based on a single technology only but rather on various technologies. This contribution provides an industry perspective on process intensification, describing basic concepts, technical and engineering aspects as well as the impact on the manufacturing process given existing facilities and a product portfolio to be manufactured. It also covers scientific approaches that support understanding and design of intensified bioprocesses. From an implementation perspective, the technologies used for intensification must be robust, scalable, and suitable for commercial manufacturing. Specific examples for a high seeding density fed batch (using N-1 perfusion) and a continuous process are provided for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells producing therapeutic antibodies. Economic and sustainability aspects are addressed as well. Process intensification in an industrial environment is complex and many factors need to be considered, ranging from characteristics of a specific molecule to its commercial manufacturing at internal or external sites for global or regional markets.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"53 29","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Biopolymer-based conjugates are widely used for numbers of biomedical applications. Materials scientists have become progressively interested in compounding biological-relevant entities with biopolymers into polymeric biohybrid framework. Biopolymer are conjugated with various fragments such as enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids as well as their analogues, peptidomimetics, peptides, fluorescent composites, avidin or streptavidin, biotin, polyethylene glycol, and various other bioactive compounds in order to serve a particular functionality in biomedical applications. In current chapter, a summary of various methods to synthesize biopolymer-peptide biohybrid conjugates and their prospective applications in biomedical field is presented.
{"title":"Synthesis of biopolymer-polypeptide conjugates and their potential therapeutic interests","authors":"Amandeep Singh, Kamlesh Kumari, Patit Paban Kundu","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0185","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biopolymer-based conjugates are widely used for numbers of biomedical applications. Materials scientists have become progressively interested in compounding biological-relevant entities with biopolymers into polymeric biohybrid framework. Biopolymer are conjugated with various fragments such as enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids as well as their analogues, peptidomimetics, peptides, fluorescent composites, avidin or streptavidin, biotin, polyethylene glycol, and various other bioactive compounds in order to serve a particular functionality in biomedical applications. In current chapter, a summary of various methods to synthesize biopolymer-peptide biohybrid conjugates and their prospective applications in biomedical field is presented.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The pressing priority in designing sustainable materials has to focus on decreasing dependence on fossil fuel as well as utilization of environmentally friendly bio-based resources. In this respect, materials derived from biopolymers are competent in both aspects. While these materials tend to be biocompatible and biodegradable, they can be cultivated from natural renewable resources. To incorporate specific functionalities, these biopolymers can be chemically modified to form the metal based biopolymeric conjugates. Often these conjugates are designed as nano-entities, thereby, leading to their unique inherent properties. Characterization of these biopolymeric conjugates of metals encompass interdisciplinary analytical techniques like, UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental (CHN) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, etc. In terms of applications, a wide variety of activity has been discovered by various research groups and hence these hybrid materials can be utilized as medications, pharmaceuticals, chemical catalysts, food packaging, electronics, and many more. Herein, a brief overview of different biopolymeric conjugates of diverse metals has been given, whereby their synthesis, characterization as well as their specific applications have been reviewed.
{"title":"Biopolymeric conjugation with metals and their applications","authors":"Sriparna Ray","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pressing priority in designing sustainable materials has to focus on decreasing dependence on fossil fuel as well as utilization of environmentally friendly bio-based resources. In this respect, materials derived from biopolymers are competent in both aspects. While these materials tend to be biocompatible and biodegradable, they can be cultivated from natural renewable resources. To incorporate specific functionalities, these biopolymers can be chemically modified to form the metal based biopolymeric conjugates. Often these conjugates are designed as nano-entities, thereby, leading to their unique inherent properties. Characterization of these biopolymeric conjugates of metals encompass interdisciplinary analytical techniques like, UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental (CHN) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, etc. In terms of applications, a wide variety of activity has been discovered by various research groups and hence these hybrid materials can be utilized as medications, pharmaceuticals, chemical catalysts, food packaging, electronics, and many more. Herein, a brief overview of different biopolymeric conjugates of diverse metals has been given, whereby their synthesis, characterization as well as their specific applications have been reviewed.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135944866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Witta Kartika Restu, Muhammad Ghozali, Evi Triwulandari, Yulianti Sampora, Melati Septiyanti, Yenny Meliana, Sun Theo C. L. Ndruru, Muhammad Ihsan Sofyan, Nanang Masruchin, Anita Marlina
Abstract Biopolymers are natural polymers manufactured chemically or generated from biological materials. Biopolymers are a renewable and biodegradable resource. They can be found in various applications in food, manufacturing, packaging, and biomedical engineering industries. Biopolymers are attractive materials due to biocompatibility, biodegradability, natural abundance, and specific properties such as non-toxicity. Biopolymers can be classed on a variety of scales, including origin, the number of monomeric units, the basis of degradability, and heat response. Biopolymers have a wide range of uses due to their unique characteristics and topologies. Biopolymers are reinforced with diverse elements to improve their intended characteristics and practical applications. There is a conjugation of biopolymer with thermoplastic materials. Thermoplastic or thermoset plastic is a form of plastic polymer material that can be molded at a high temperature and solidifies upon cooling. Polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyester are among the many thermoplastics. These thermoplastics were combined with biopolymers to increase their physical, mechanical, and thermal qualities. The works that investigated the conjugation of thermoplastic materials to biopolymers were discussed in this chapter.
{"title":"Book 1. Biopolymer conjugates industrial applications Chapter 1. Biopolymeric conjugation with thermoplastics and applications","authors":"Witta Kartika Restu, Muhammad Ghozali, Evi Triwulandari, Yulianti Sampora, Melati Septiyanti, Yenny Meliana, Sun Theo C. L. Ndruru, Muhammad Ihsan Sofyan, Nanang Masruchin, Anita Marlina","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0180","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biopolymers are natural polymers manufactured chemically or generated from biological materials. Biopolymers are a renewable and biodegradable resource. They can be found in various applications in food, manufacturing, packaging, and biomedical engineering industries. Biopolymers are attractive materials due to biocompatibility, biodegradability, natural abundance, and specific properties such as non-toxicity. Biopolymers can be classed on a variety of scales, including origin, the number of monomeric units, the basis of degradability, and heat response. Biopolymers have a wide range of uses due to their unique characteristics and topologies. Biopolymers are reinforced with diverse elements to improve their intended characteristics and practical applications. There is a conjugation of biopolymer with thermoplastic materials. Thermoplastic or thermoset plastic is a form of plastic polymer material that can be molded at a high temperature and solidifies upon cooling. Polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyester are among the many thermoplastics. These thermoplastics were combined with biopolymers to increase their physical, mechanical, and thermal qualities. The works that investigated the conjugation of thermoplastic materials to biopolymers were discussed in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135944489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Organic acids are key to the biological, physical, and chemical functions of the life. These acids naturally occur in animals, foods, and microorganisms. Their molecular configurations drive several physical characteristics imperative to well-being. Organic acids are applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cleaning and food industries. For decades, natural and chemical production of organic acids has thrived, however microbial fermentation has been considered environmentally sustainable approach. Various low-cost substrates are employed as substrate during microbial fermentation. The organic acids production from microbial origin account for the majority of the acids produced on a large industrial basis. Numerous organic acids from bacterial and fungal origin have significance and their biological production offers clear benefits as compared to chemical synthesis in terms of cost. The article illustrates a brief description of the various organic acids in a systematic way along with a survey on the relative production methods.
{"title":"Global organic acids production and their industrial applications","authors":"Mansha Ghai, Nivedita Agnihotri, Vikas Kumar, Rajesh Agnihotri, Amit Kumar, Komal Sahu","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Organic acids are key to the biological, physical, and chemical functions of the life. These acids naturally occur in animals, foods, and microorganisms. Their molecular configurations drive several physical characteristics imperative to well-being. Organic acids are applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cleaning and food industries. For decades, natural and chemical production of organic acids has thrived, however microbial fermentation has been considered environmentally sustainable approach. Various low-cost substrates are employed as substrate during microbial fermentation. The organic acids production from microbial origin account for the majority of the acids produced on a large industrial basis. Numerous organic acids from bacterial and fungal origin have significance and their biological production offers clear benefits as compared to chemical synthesis in terms of cost. The article illustrates a brief description of the various organic acids in a systematic way along with a survey on the relative production methods.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135805250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Itaconic acid is one of industrially important organic acid having wide application in environmental protection, food and textile industries. Microorganisms mainly fungi have vast potential to be exploited for itaconic acid production. But low yield and higher cost of production are major drawback creating a settle back for industrial production. This problem can be solved by using low cost organic waste as substrate. This review summarizes recent research on production of itaconic acid using organic wastes, microorganisms involved, extraction, application and problem faced during utilization of agro-industrial wastes.
{"title":"Itaconic acid: microbial production using organic wastes as cost-effective substrates","authors":"Meena Sindhu, Shikha Mehta, Shubham Kumar, Baljeet Singh Saharan, Kamla Malik, Monika Kayasth, Sushil Nagar","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Itaconic acid is one of industrially important organic acid having wide application in environmental protection, food and textile industries. Microorganisms mainly fungi have vast potential to be exploited for itaconic acid production. But low yield and higher cost of production are major drawback creating a settle back for industrial production. This problem can be solved by using low cost organic waste as substrate. This review summarizes recent research on production of itaconic acid using organic wastes, microorganisms involved, extraction, application and problem faced during utilization of agro-industrial wastes.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134948263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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