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Dissociation of red blood cell aggregates in extensional flow 延伸流中红细胞聚集体的解离
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.l071101
Midhun Puthumana Melepattu, Guillaume Maîtrejean, Thomas Podgorski
Blood rheology and microcirculation are strongly influenced by red blood cell aggregation. We investigate the dissociation rates of red cell aggregates in extensional flow using hyperbolic microfluidic constrictions and image analysis by a convolutional neural network (CNN). Our findings reveal that aggregate dissociation increases sharply when a critical extension rate is reached which falls within the range of microcirculatory conditions, suggesting that large variations of aggregate sizes should be expected in vivo. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the behavior of red blood cell aggregates in response to extensional stress in microcirculatory networks, provides crucial experimental data to validate theoretical and numerical models, and constitutes the basis for improved evaluation of blood aggregability in clinical contexts.
血液流变学和微循环受红细胞聚集的影响很大。我们利用双曲微流体收缩和卷积神经网络(CNN)的图像分析,研究了红细胞聚集体在伸展流中的解离率。我们的研究结果表明,当达到微循环条件范围内的临界延伸率时,聚集体解离率会急剧增加,这表明聚集体大小在体内会有很大的变化。这项研究有助于深入了解红细胞聚集体在微循环网络中响应延伸压力的行为,为验证理论和数值模型提供了重要的实验数据,并为改进临床血液聚集性评估奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Ion steric interactions and electrostatic correlations on electro-osmotic flow in charged nanopores with multivalent electrolytes 离子立体相互作用和静电相关性对多价电解质带电纳米孔内电渗流的影响
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074201
Shubhra Sahu, Bapan Mondal, Somnath Bhattacharyya
Atomistic and coarse-grained simulations show the formation of a condensed layer of counterions near a charged surface in contact with multivalent or monovalent electrolytes of high concentration. This condensed layer may overscreen the surface charge, and eventually a coion-dominated region may arise within the electric double layer, which again draws a layer of counterions and so on till the charge density approaches zero. Such a type of overscreening and charge density oscillation cannot be predicted through the mean-field based models as it does not account for the correlations between discrete charges. In the present study the mean-field-based model has been extended to consider the many-body interactions to analyze the electro-osmosis and ion transport of multivalent electrolytes in a highly charged nanopore. The ions are considered to be finite-sized, which is accounted for by considering the hydrodynamic steric interactions and modification of the suspension medium viscosity. Consideration of the electrostatic correlation leads to a fourth-order Poisson-Fermi equation for an electric field. Such a type of continuum model is easy to handle and to use to predict the layered structure of the EDL. Our model captures the existing experimental and molecular dynamics simulation correctly. Based on the modified model, we have analyzed the volume flow rate, current density, and ion selectivity of the pore in multivalent electrolytes for different electrostatic conditions. The present model shows that the counterion size has an impact on the condensed layer and hence overscreening. We demonstrate that the EOF reversal of multivalent electrolytes can be suppressed by mixing with monovalent slats.
原子模拟和粗粒模拟显示,在与高浓度多价或单价电解质接触的带电表面附近,会形成一层凝聚的反离子层。这种凝聚层可能会遮蔽表面电荷,最终在电双层内形成一个以共价离子为主的区域,该区域又会吸引一层反离子,如此反复,直到电荷密度趋近于零。这种过屏蔽和电荷密度振荡无法通过基于平均场的模型来预测,因为它没有考虑离散电荷之间的相关性。在本研究中,基于均方场的模型被扩展到考虑多体相互作用,以分析多价电解质在高电荷纳米孔中的电渗和离子传输。考虑到流体力学立体相互作用和悬浮介质粘度的改变,离子被认为是有限大小的。考虑到静电相关性,可得出电场的四阶泊松-费米方程。这种连续模型易于处理,可用于预测 EDL 的分层结构。我们的模型正确捕捉了现有的实验和分子动力学模拟结果。根据修改后的模型,我们分析了多价电解质中不同静电条件下孔隙的体积流量、电流密度和离子选择性。本模型表明,反离子的大小对凝聚层有影响,因此会产生过屏蔽。我们证明,多价电解质的 EOF 反转可以通过与单价板条混合来抑制。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the effect of turbulence on hemolysis through cell-resolved fluid-structure interaction simulations of individual red blood cells 通过对单个红细胞进行细胞分辨流固耦合模拟,研究湍流对溶血的影响
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.073102
Grant Rydquist, Mahdi Esmaily
Existing hemolysis algorithms are often constructed for laminar flows that expose red blood cells (RBCs) to a constant rate of shear. It remains an open question whether such models are applicable to turbulent flows, where there is a significant variation in shear rate along cell trajectories. To evaluate the effect of turbulence on hemolysis, we perform cell-resolved simulations of isolated RBCs in turbulent channel flow at Reτ=180 and 360 and compare them against the results obtained from laminar flow simulations at an equivalent wall shear stress. The RBCs are modeled as isolated cells in an unbounded domain with the viscosity of the bulk fluid used for the surrounding fluid. This comparison shows that, while the laminar flow generally induces greater stretch in the cell in a time-averaged sense, cells experience an overall larger deformation in turbulence. This difference is attributed to extreme events in turbulence that occasionally create bursts of high shear conditions, which, consequently, induce a large deformation in the cells. Associating damage with the most extreme deformation regimes, we observe that, in the worst case, the turbulent flow can produce deformation in the cell that is higher than the absolute maximum value in the analogous laminar case approximately 14% of the time. Additionally, the Reτ=180 universally induced greater deformation in the cells than the Reτ=360 case, suggesting that increasing the range of scales in the flow does not necessarily yield greater deformation when all other parameters are kept constant. A strong direct correlation (R>0.8) between shear rate and deformation metrics was observed in turbulence. The correlation against Q-criterion is inverse and weaker (R0.26), but once the shear contribution is subtracted, it improves in terms of areal dilatation (R0.6).
现有的溶血算法通常是针对层流设计的,层流会使红细胞(RBC)受到恒定的剪切力作用。此类模型是否适用于湍流仍是一个未决问题,因为在湍流中,细胞轨迹上的剪切率会发生显著变化。为了评估湍流对溶血的影响,我们在 Reτ=180 和 360 条件下对湍流通道流中的孤立 RBC 进行了细胞分辨模拟,并与等效壁面剪应力下的层流模拟结果进行了比较。RBC 被模拟为无界域中的孤立细胞,周围流体的粘度采用散装流体的粘度。比较结果表明,层流通常会在细胞中引起更大的时间平均意义上的拉伸,而在湍流中细胞会经历更大的整体变形。这种差异可归因于湍流中的极端事件,这些事件偶尔会产生突发的高剪切力,从而导致细胞产生较大变形。将破坏与最极端的变形状态联系起来,我们发现,在最糟糕的情况下,湍流在大约 14% 的时间内产生的单元变形高于类似层流情况下的绝对最大值。此外,与 Reτ=360 的情况相比,Reτ=180 在所有情况下都会引起细胞更大的变形,这表明在所有其他参数保持不变的情况下,增加流动的尺度范围并不一定会产生更大的变形。在湍流中观察到剪切速率与变形指标之间存在很强的直接相关性(R>0.8)。与 Q 值标准的相关性较弱(R≈-0.26),但一旦减去剪切力的贡献,则在面积扩张方面有所改善(R≈-0.6)。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution of turbulence using a random jet array 使用随机射流阵列的湍流演变
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074610
Arefe Ghazi Nezami, Blair Anne Johnson
Random jet arrays (RJAs) have been shown to be effective in generating zero mean flow homogeneous isotropic turbulence. While many laboratory studies have investigated the flow in these facilities, there are several remaining questions regarding the evolution of turbulence, from the development of turbulence to where it decays, along with understanding how input energy from the jet array transfers into different turbulent flow characteristics. To address these questions, we perform a series of laboratory experiments in which we alter the parameters of the randomized algorithm, along with the jet spacing and outlet velocity of the jets. We first determine the location where turbulence transitions to a fully developed state and show that it is a function of jet penetration length, LJ, and effective jet spacing, Se. We identify three distinct regions for the spatial decay of turbulence in RJA facilities and notably, we find different decay rates, unlike previous studies that report only one spatial decay rate using similar facilities. These regions are shown to depend on the variations of input parameters yet independent of the strength of the mean flow. We also find the strength of the mean flow does not affect the homogeneity, nor the production, transport, or advection terms of the turbulent kinetic energy budget equation. Finally, we address a longstanding question toward estimating turbulence metrics with an RJA based on the input parameters. We define an efficiency parameter that provides insight into the transfer rate of input power to the dissipation rate of the generated turbulence.
随机射流阵列(RJAs)已被证明可以有效地产生零平均流均质各向同性湍流。虽然许多实验室研究已经对这些设施中的流动进行了调查,但关于湍流的演变,从湍流的发展到湍流的衰减,以及了解射流阵列的输入能量如何转移到不同的湍流特性等,还存在一些问题。为了解决这些问题,我们进行了一系列实验室实验,在实验中我们改变了随机算法的参数以及射流间距和射流出口速度。我们首先确定了湍流过渡到充分发展状态的位置,并证明它是射流穿透长度 LJ 和有效射流间距 Se 的函数。我们确定了 RJA 设备中湍流空间衰减的三个不同区域,值得注意的是,我们发现了不同的衰减速率,这与之前使用类似设备只报告一种空间衰减速率的研究不同。研究表明,这些区域取决于输入参数的变化,但与平均流的强度无关。我们还发现,平均流的强度不会影响均质性,也不会影响湍流动能预算方程中的生成、传输或平流项。最后,我们解决了一个长期存在的问题,即根据输入参数用 RJA 估算湍流度量。我们定义了一个效率参数,该参数可帮助我们了解输入功率向所产生湍流的耗散率的转移率。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of a magnetic particle in an oscillating magnetic field 振荡磁场中的磁性粒子动力学
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074303
I. Misra, V. Kumaran
The orientation dynamics of and the torque fluctuations due to a spheroidal magnetic particle in an oscillating magnetic field are analyzed in the Stokes flow regime. For a permanent dipole, the dynamics depends on ω, the ratio of the magnetic field frequency, and the viscous relaxation rate. For ω1, the particle executes oscillations with amplitude (ω)1 about its initial orientation. The average torque is zero because the particle does not execute complete rotations, and the root mean square of the torque fluctuations scaled by the characteristic magnetic torque tends to a constant in this limit. For ω1, the orientation is close to the magnetic field direction for most of the oscillation period, and it rapidly rotates when the field passes through extrema. The scaled root mean square of the torque fluctuations is proportional to (ω)1/2 in this limit. The particle orientation aligns along the magnetic field direction for different models of induced dipoles if the magnetization is nonhysteretic. For the hysteretic Stoner-Wohlfarth model, the dynamics also depends on the parameter h0, the ratio of the Zeeman energy, and the anisotropy energy. For h01, the magnetic moment oscillates about one pole of the orientation vector, and the orientation vector rapidly rotates when the field passes through extrema in a manner similar to that for a permanent dipole. For h01, the magnetic moment switches between the two poles of the orientation vector, and the orientation vector executes small amplitude oscillations about the field direction. There is a discontinuous transition between the oscillating and switching magnetic moment which depends on h0 and the initial orientation.
在斯托克斯流制度下,分析了振荡磁场中球形磁性粒子的取向动力学和扭矩波动。对于永久偶极子,动态取决于ω†、磁场频率比和粘性弛豫率。对于 ω†≫1,粒子以振幅 ∼(ω†)-1 围绕其初始方向摆动。由于粒子不会进行完全旋转,因此平均转矩为零,在此极限下,转矩波动的均方根与特征磁转矩的比例趋于恒定。对于ω†≪1,在振荡周期的大部分时间里,方向接近磁场方向,当磁场通过极值时,方向迅速旋转。在此极限下,转矩波动的均方根比例与 (ω†)-1/2 成正比。如果磁化是非滞后的,那么对于不同的感应偶极子模型,粒子方向会沿着磁场方向排列。对于滞磁性斯通纳-沃尔法特模型,动力学还取决于参数 h0、泽曼能和各向异性能的比值。当 h0≪1 时,磁矩围绕取向矢量的一个磁极摆动,当磁场通过极值时,取向矢量迅速旋转,其方式与永久偶极类似。当 h0≫1 时,磁矩在取向矢量的两极之间切换,取向矢量围绕磁场方向做小振幅振荡。磁矩振荡和切换之间存在不连续的过渡,这取决于 h0 和初始方位。
{"title":"Dynamics of a magnetic particle in an oscillating magnetic field","authors":"I. Misra, V. Kumaran","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074303","url":null,"abstract":"The orientation dynamics of and the torque fluctuations due to a spheroidal magnetic particle in an oscillating magnetic field are analyzed in the Stokes flow regime. For a permanent dipole, the dynamics depends on <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mi>ω</mi><mo>†</mo></msup></math>, the ratio of the magnetic field frequency, and the viscous relaxation rate. For <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msup><mi>ω</mi><mo>†</mo></msup><mo>≫</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>, the particle executes oscillations with amplitude <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>ω</mi><mo>†</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> about its initial orientation. The average torque is zero because the particle does not execute complete rotations, and the root mean square of the torque fluctuations scaled by the characteristic magnetic torque tends to a constant in this limit. For <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msup><mi>ω</mi><mo>†</mo></msup><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>, the orientation is close to the magnetic field direction for most of the oscillation period, and it rapidly rotates when the field passes through extrema. The scaled root mean square of the torque fluctuations is proportional to <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>ω</mi><mo>†</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> in this limit. The particle orientation aligns along the magnetic field direction for different models of induced dipoles if the magnetization is nonhysteretic. For the hysteretic Stoner-Wohlfarth model, the dynamics also depends on the parameter <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math>, the ratio of the Zeeman energy, and the anisotropy energy. For <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>, the magnetic moment oscillates about one pole of the orientation vector, and the orientation vector rapidly rotates when the field passes through extrema in a manner similar to that for a permanent dipole. For <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≫</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>, the magnetic moment switches between the two poles of the orientation vector, and the orientation vector executes small amplitude oscillations about the field direction. There is a discontinuous transition between the oscillating and switching magnetic moment which depends on <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> and the initial orientation.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shape reconfiguration for underwater propeller efficiency improvement 重新配置形状以提高水下螺旋桨效率
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074402
Tristan Aurégan, Sylvain Courrech du Pont, Benjamin Thiria
We investigate experimentally the propulsive efficiency of a propeller in water with chordwise flexible blades that deform under the action of fluid loading. Using a scale model experiment, we record the deformation of the blades as well as the thrust and torque generated by the rotor. The use of flexible materials can improve the resilience to changing external conditions: with optimal flexibility, the blades deform and remain efficient under off-design conditions. We derive a theoretical law for blade tip deformation and show good agreement with experiments. Our results suggest that, using only the blade flexibility alone, we are able to program the blade deformation to passively adopt an optimized shape for efficient propulsion within a given parameter range.
我们通过实验研究了带弦向柔性叶片的螺旋桨在水中的推进效率,这种叶片在流体载荷的作用下会发生变形。通过比例模型实验,我们记录了叶片的变形以及转子产生的推力和扭矩。使用柔性材料可以提高对外部条件变化的适应能力:在最佳柔性条件下,叶片可以变形,并在非设计条件下保持高效。我们推导出了叶尖变形的理论规律,并与实验结果表明了良好的一致性。我们的研究结果表明,仅利用叶片的柔韧性,我们就能对叶片变形进行编程,使其在给定的参数范围内被动地采用优化形状,从而实现高效推进。
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引用次数: 0
Rupture of a surfactant-laden draining thin film 含有表面活性剂的排水薄膜的破裂
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074004
Atul S. Vivek, Ranabir Dey, Harish N. Dixit
Surfactant-laden thin liquid films overlaid on solid substrates are encountered in a variety of industrial and biological settings. As these films reach submicron thickness, they tend to become unstable owing to the influence of long-range dispersion forces. In the current study, we investigate how gravitational drainage affects the stability attributes of such thin liquid films. Using scaling arguments, we demonstrate that gravity and dispersion forces can exert their influence simultaneously over a wide range of film thicknesses. In the lubrication limit, we carry out linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations to understand the evolution of draining thin films. Linear stability indicates the existence of two unstable modes and two cutoff wave numbers, as opposed to a single unstable mode and a unique cutoff wave number observed in stationary films. It is also found that surfactant-laden flowing films are more stable than stationary films with surfactants as well as draining films with clean interfaces. The origin of stabilization is identified as the enhanced surfactant perturbations generated due to drainage. We demonstrate that films exhibiting intermediate levels of surfactant activity and significant drainage exhibit the lowest rates of disturbance growth, leading to extending the time of rupture.
在各种工业和生物环境中都会遇到覆盖在固体基底上的含有表面活性剂的液体薄膜。当这些薄膜厚度达到亚微米级时,由于长程分散力的影响,它们往往会变得不稳定。在当前的研究中,我们探讨了重力排水如何影响此类液体薄膜的稳定性属性。我们利用缩放论证证明,重力和分散力可以在很宽的薄膜厚度范围内同时施加影响。在润滑极限下,我们进行了线性稳定性分析和非线性模拟,以了解排水薄膜的演变过程。线性稳定性表明存在两个不稳定模式和两个截止波数,而静止薄膜中只有一个不稳定模式和一个唯一的截止波数。研究还发现,含有表面活性剂的流动薄膜比含有表面活性剂的静止薄膜以及具有清洁界面的排水薄膜更稳定。稳定的原因是由于排水产生的表面活性剂扰动增强。我们证明,表现出中等水平表面活性剂活性和显著排水的薄膜的扰动增长率最低,从而延长了破裂时间。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical solutions for long-time steady state Boussinesq gravity currents flowing along a horizontal boundary of finite length 沿有限长度水平边界流动的长时间稳态布辛斯重力流的解析解
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074803
Safir Haddad, Samuel Vaux, Kevin Varrall, Olivier Vauquelin
This paper presents analytical solutions for a steady turbulent miscible gravity current flowing along a horizontal rigid boundary of finite length into a quiescent uniform environment. These solutions are obtained from the governing equations (mass, momentum, and buoyancy) originally proposed by Ellison and Turner [J. Fluid Mech. 6, 423 (1959)] for a buoyant layer of fluid in the Boussinesq approximation. For a constant drag coefficient Cd and the specific entrainment law ERi1, Ri being the local Richardson number, we first derived a system of coupled ordinary differential equations describing the longitudinal evolution of the velocity u, the height h, the density deficit η, and the Richardson number Ri of the current. For an initially supercritical flow (Ri0<1), explicit relations are found for u(x), h(x), and η(x) solely as a function of the Richardson number Ri(x). The longitudinal evolution of the Richardson number is then theoretically obtained from a universal function F which can be tabulated and, as in the present paper, also plotted. The function F allows us to determine (and only from the knowledge of the boundary conditions at the source) whether the flow remains supercritical over the whole length of the rigid boundary, or might transit towards a subcritical state (Ri>1). In this latter case, the mathematical resolution is modified by including a discontinuity similar to a hydraulic jump. The location and amplitude of this discontinuity are calculated from an additional univers
本文提出了沿有限长度水平刚性边界流向静态均匀环境的稳定湍流混杂重力流的解析解。这些解法来自 Ellison 和 Turner [J. Fluid Mech. 6, 423 (1959)]最初提出的布森斯克近似浮力层流体的控制方程(质量、动量和浮力)。对于恒定的阻力系数 Cd 和特定的夹带定律 E∝Ri-1(Ri 是当地的理查德森数),我们首先导出了一个耦合常微分方程系统,描述了水流的速度 u、高度 h、密度亏损 η 和理查德森数 Ri 的纵向演变。对于初始超临界流(Ri0<1),可以发现 u(x)、h(x) 和 η(x) 完全是理查森数 Ri(x) 的函数。理查德森数的纵向演化可以通过一个通用函数 F 从理论上得到,该函数可以制表,在本文中还可以绘制成图。通过函数 F,我们可以确定(而且只能根据对源头边界条件的了解)流动是在刚性边界的整个长度上保持超临界状态,还是可能向亚临界状态(Ri>1)过渡。在后一种情况下,通过加入一个类似于水力跃迁的不连续性来修改数学分辨率。这种不连续性的位置和振幅是通过附加的通用函数 G 和注入条件计算得出的。该方法最后扩展到为其他经典夹带定律提供解析解。
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引用次数: 0
Reactive Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence: Influence of mixing on the growth and displacement of the mixing zone 反应雷利-泰勒湍流:混合对混合区增长和位移的影响
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074609
Kevin Ley, Olivier Soulard, Jérôme Griffond, Antoine Briard, Serge Simoëns
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of molecular mixing on the evolution of a reactive Rayleigh-Taylor turbulent mixing zone. In this regard, we derive algebraic relations showing that an increase in the mixing level leads to a slowing of the growth of the mixing zone width. We also show the existence of a maximum displacement velocity of the mixing zone center. These predictions are assessed using both direct numerical simulations and large eddy simulations.
本文旨在研究分子混合对反应雷利-泰勒湍流混合区演变的影响。在这方面,我们推导出代数关系,表明混合程度的增加会导致混合区宽度的增长放缓。我们还证明了混合区中心最大位移速度的存在。我们利用直接数值模拟和大涡流模拟对这些预测进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of a turbulent round jet based on direct numerical simulation data at large box and high Reynolds number 基于大方框和高雷诺数下直接数值模拟数据的湍流圆形射流分析
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074608
Cat Tuong Nguyen, Martin Oberlack
We have conducted a direct numerical simulation of a turbulent round jet at a previously unattained Reynolds number of Re=3500 based on the jet diameter D and jet-inlet bulk velocity Ub in a particularly long box of 75D. To achieve very fast convergence to self-similarity, we used a turbulent pipe flow at the same Reynolds number and length 5D as the upstream inflow boundary condition. This indeed results in a very rapid emergence of self-similarity already at very small axial distances z compared to all turbulent jet data published so far. Not only for the mean velocities and the Reynolds stresses as well as the budgets of the Reynolds stress tensor and the turbulent kinetic energy, a nearly perfect classical scaling based on the normalized radius η=r/z in the range z/D=2565 is shown, but also for the probability density function (PDF) of the axial velocity Uz as well as the associated skewness and kurtosis. All budget terms have been calculated directly, resulting in a marginal error in the balance. An almost completely Gaussian behavior of the PDF for the axial velocity is observed on the jet axis, while a clear deviation with increasingly heavy tails is evident with increasing distance from the axis.
我们在一个 75D 的特长箱中,根据射流直径 D 和射流入口体积速度 Ub,在 Re=3500 的雷诺数条件下对湍流圆形射流进行了直接数值模拟。为了实现自相似性的快速收敛,我们使用了相同雷诺数和长度为 5D 的湍流管道流作为上游流入边界条件。与迄今为止公布的所有湍流射流数据相比,这确实导致在非常小的轴向距离 z 时就已经非常快速地出现了自相似性。在 z/D=25-65 范围内,不仅平均速度和雷诺应力以及雷诺应力张量和湍流动能的预算显示了基于归一化半径 η=r/z 的近乎完美的经典缩放,而且轴向速度 Uz 的概率密度函数(PDF)以及相关的偏度和峰度也显示了近乎完美的经典缩放。所有预算项都是直接计算得出的,因此平衡中存在边际误差。在射流轴上可以观察到轴向速度的概率密度函数几乎完全呈高斯分布,而随着与轴线距离的增加,明显出现了尾部越来越大的偏差。
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Physical Review Fluids
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