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Localized jammed clusters persist in shear-thickening suspension subjected to swirling excitation 在受到漩涡激励的剪切增稠悬浮液中,局部卡住的团块持续存在
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.083301
Li-Xin Shi (石理新), Song-Chuan Zhao (赵松川)
We investigate the dynamic evolution of heterogeneity in shear-thickening suspensions subjected to swirling excitation with a free surface. The uniform state of such a system may lose its stability when the oscillation frequency is above a threshold, and density waves spontaneously form [Shi et al., J. Fluid Mech. 984, A69 (2024)]. Here, we report a state where jammed clusters emerge in high-density regions of the density waves. The jammed cluster exhibits unique motion, creating downstream high-density regions distinct from the previously reported state of density waves. Additionally, theoretical calculations show that reducing suspension thickness lowers the frequency and global concentration Φ threshold for the heterogeneity onset. Notably, the minimal Φ for instability can be lower than the onset of discontinuous shear thickening transition. We also highlight the role of the free surface in cluster growth and persistence.
我们研究了受自由表面漩涡激励的剪切增稠悬浮液中异质性的动态演化。当振荡频率超过阈值时,这种系统的均匀状态可能会失去稳定性,并自发形成密度波[Shi 等,J. Fluid Mech. 984, A69 (2024)]。在这里,我们报告了一种在密度波的高密度区域出现干扰簇的状态。卡住的团块表现出独特的运动,形成了有别于之前报道的密度波状态的下游高密度区域。此外,理论计算表明,降低悬浮液厚度可降低异质性发生的频率和全局浓度Φ阈值。值得注意的是,不稳定性的最小 Φ 可以低于不连续剪切增厚转变的起始点。我们还强调了自由表面在团簇生长和持久性中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
From mixing to displacement of miscible phases in porous media: The role of heterogeneity and inlet pressures 从混合到多孔介质中混相的置换:异质性和入口压力的作用
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.084501
Yahel Eliyahu-Yakir, Ludmila Abezgauz, Yaniv Edery
Miscible multiphase flow in porous media is a key phenomenon in various industrial and natural processes, such as hydrogen storage and geological carbon sequestration. However, the parameters controlling the patterns of displacement and mixing in these flows are not completely resolved. This study delves into the effects of heterogeneity and inlet pressure on mixing and displacement patterns of low-viscosity miscible phase invasion into a high-viscosity resident phase, that is saturating a porous medium. The findings highlight the substantial influence of inlet pressures and heterogeneity levels in transitioning from uniform to fingering patterns at the pore scale. These phenomena are detectable at the Darcy scale, and their transition from a uniform front to finger formation is effectively marked through a modified Sherwood number. This modified Sherwood number links microscale patterns to physical properties such as velocity distribution, diffusion, and viscosity contrasts. Additionally, the study employs breakthrough curve (BTC) analysis to illustrate the role of higher heterogeneity and inlet pressure in broadening the fluid velocity distribution, leading to the fingering pattern. These research insights provide a nondimensional approach that scales the BTCs, and can serve future models of miscible phase flow in porous media, linking pore-scale dynamics with macroscale Darcy-scale observations.
多孔介质中的混溶多相流是各种工业和自然过程(如氢储存和地质碳封存)中的一个关键现象。然而,控制这些流动中置换和混合模式的参数尚未完全解决。本研究深入探讨了异质性和入口压力对低粘度混相侵入高粘度驻留相(即饱和多孔介质)的混合和位移模式的影响。研究结果凸显了入口压力和异质性水平在孔隙尺度上从均匀模式过渡到指状模式过程中的重要影响。这些现象可在达西尺度上检测到,它们从均匀前沿到指状形成的过渡可通过修正的舍伍德数有效地标记出来。修正的舍伍德数将微尺度模式与速度分布、扩散和粘度对比等物理特性联系起来。此外,研究还采用了突破曲线(BTC)分析来说明较高的异质性和入口压力在拓宽流体速度分布方面的作用,从而导致指状模式的形成。这些研究见解提供了一种可缩放 BTC 的无维方法,可用于多孔介质中混相流动的未来模型,将孔隙尺度动力学与宏观尺度达西尺度观测联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Deformation of drops at low Reynolds number impact 低雷诺数冲击下的液滴变形
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.083601
L. Jørgensen
Drop impact experiments are performed with very viscous fluids to propose a description of the drop deformation at low Reynolds number. We focus on a specific case where dimensionless parameters other than the Reynolds number play no role, which means that only kinetic energy and viscous dissipation determine the final deformation. The same situation in the case of a Reynolds number larger than ten has been clarified years ago. The maximum diameter of the spread drop is well described by a 1/5 power law of the Reynolds number only. Here the deformation of the drop, defined as the contact diameter rescaled by the drop size, is also a power law of the Reynolds number. From experimental data and scaling arguments, the exponent of the power law is shown to be 1/3.
通过对粘性很强的流体进行液滴冲击实验,提出了低雷诺数时液滴变形的描述方法。我们关注的是一种特殊情况,即除雷诺数外的无量纲参数不起作用,这意味着只有动能和粘性耗散决定最终变形。雷诺数大于 10 时的相同情况早在几年前就已阐明。扩散液滴的最大直径可以很好地用雷诺数的 1/5 幂定律来描述。在这里,液滴的变形(定义为接触直径乘以液滴大小)也是雷诺数的幂律。根据实验数据和比例论证,幂律的指数为 1/3。
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引用次数: 0
Static Bell test in pilot-wave hydrodynamics 先导波流体力学静态贝尔试验
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.084001
Konstantinos Papatryfonos, Louis Vervoort, André Nachbin, Matthieu Labousse, John W. M. Bush
Since its discovery in 2005, the hydrodynamic pilot-wave system has provided a concrete macroscopic realization of wave-particle duality and concomitant classical analogs of a growing number of quantum effects. The question naturally arises as to how closely particle-particle correlations achieved with this classical system can mimic those arising on the quantum scale. We here introduce a new platform for addressing this question, a numerical model of cooperative tunneling in a bipartite pilot-wave hydrodynamic system. We execute a static Bell test, in which the system geometry is fixed and the two subsystems are coupled through the intervening wave field. This wave-mediated coupling is not congruent with the assumptions made in deriving Bell's inequality, and so allows one to rationalize the reported violations. Nevertheless, these violations are elusive, and arise only in a limited corner of parameter space.
自 2005 年发现以来,流体动力先导波系统为波粒二象性提供了一个具体的宏观实现方式,同时也为越来越多的量子效应提供了经典模拟。自然而然就会产生这样一个问题:在这一经典系统中实现的粒子-粒子相关性能在多大程度上模拟量子尺度上产生的相关性。我们在此引入了一个解决这一问题的新平台,即一个双方先导波流体动力系统中的合作隧道数值模型。我们进行了静态贝尔测试,其中系统的几何形状是固定的,两个子系统通过中间的波场耦合。这种以波为媒介的耦合与推导贝尔不等式时所作的假设并不一致,因此可以合理解释所报告的违规现象。然而,这些违规现象难以捉摸,而且只出现在参数空间的有限角落。
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引用次数: 0
Equatorial blowup and polar caps in drop electrohydrodynamics 水滴电动流体力学中的赤道吹胀和极冠
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.083701
Gunnar G. Peng, Rodolfo Brandão, Ehud Yariv, Ory Schnitzer
We illuminate effects of surface-charge convection intrinsic to leaky-dielectric electrohydrodynamics by analyzing the symmetric steady state of a circular drop in an external field at arbitrary electric Reynolds number ReE. In formulating the problem, we identify an exact factorization that reduces the number of dimensionless parameters from four—ReE and the conductivity, permittivity and viscosity ratios—to two: a modified electric Reynolds number Rẽ and a charging parameter ϖ. In the case ϖ<0, where charge relaxation in the drop phase is slower than in the suspending phase, and, as a consequence, the interface polarizes antiparallel to the external field, we find that above a critical Rẽ value the solution exhibits a blowup singularity such that the surface-charge density diverges antisymmetrically with the 1/3 power of distance from the equator. We use local analysis to uncover the structure of that blowup singularity, wherein surface charges are convected by a locally induced flow towards the equator where they annihilate. To study the blowup regime, we devise a numerical scheme encoding that local structure where the blowup prefactor is determined by a global charging-annihilation balance. We also employ asymptotic analysis to construct a universal problem governing the blowup solutions in the regime Rẽ1, far beyond the blowup threshold. In the case ϖ>0, where charge relaxation is faster in the drop phase and the interface polarizes parallel to the external field, we numerically observe and asymptotically characterize the formation at large Rẽ of stagnant, perfectly conducting surface-charge caps about the drop poles. The cap size grows and the cap voltage decreases monotonically with increasing conductivity or decreasing permittivity of the drop phase relative to the suspending phase. The flow in this scenario is nonlinearly driven by electrical shear stresses at the complement of the caps. In both polarization scenarios, the flow at large
我们通过分析任意电雷诺数 ReE 条件下圆形液滴在外场中的对称稳态,阐明了漏介质电动流体力学固有的表面电荷对流效应。在ϖ<0的情况下,液滴相中的电荷弛豫比悬浮相中的慢,因此界面极化与外场反平行,我们发现在临界 Rẽ值以上,溶液表现出炸裂奇异性,表面电荷密度随距赤道距离的-1/3次方反对称发散。我们利用局部分析揭示了炸裂奇点的结构,即表面电荷被局部诱导流对流向赤道,并在那里湮灭。为了研究炸毁机制,我们设计了一种数值方案,对局部结构进行编码,其中炸毁前因子由全局电荷-湮灭平衡决定。我们还采用渐近分析法,构建了一个普遍问题,用以控制远超过炸毁阈值的 Rẽ≫1 制度中的炸毁解。在ϖ>0的情况下,电荷弛豫在液滴阶段更快,界面极化平行于外部磁场,我们数值观察到在大Rẽ时,液滴两极周围会形成停滞的、完全导电的表面电荷帽,并对其进行了渐近表征。随着液滴相相对于悬浮相的电导率增大或介电常数减小,电帽尺寸增大,电帽电压单调降低。这种情况下的流动是由电帽互补处的电剪应力非线性驱动的。在这两种极化情况下,大 Rẽ 时的流动与外部磁场的大小成线性比例,这与我们熟悉的弱磁场下的二次方比例形成鲜明对比。
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引用次数: 0
Thermocapillary instability of a surfactant-laden shear-imposed film flow 含有表面活性剂的剪切膜流的热毛细管不稳定性
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.084002
Arnab Choudhury, Arghya Samanta
We examine the linear thermocapillary instability of a two-dimensional gravity-driven shear-imposed incompressible viscous film flowing over a uniformly heated inclined wall when the film surface is covered by an insoluble surfactant. The aim is to expand the prior research [Wei, Phys. Fluids 17, 012103 (2005)] to the case of a nonisothermal viscous film. As a result, the energy equation is incorporated into the governing equations along with the mass conservation and momentum equations. In the present study, we have found two additional thermocapillary S- and P-modes in the low to moderate Reynolds number regime, along with the known H-mode (surface mode) and surfactant mode. The long-wave analysis predicts that the surfactant Marangoni number, which measures the surface tension gradient due to a change in insoluble surfactant concentration, has a stabilizing impact on the H-mode, but the thermal Marangoni number, which measures the surface tension gradient due to a change in temperature, has a destabilizing impact. These opposing effects produce an analytical relationship between them for which the critical Reynolds number for the H-mode instability of the nonisothermal film flow coincides with that of the isothermal film flow. On the other hand, the numerical result exhibits that the surfactant Marangoni number has a stabilizing influence on the thermocapillary S-mode and P-mode. More specifically, these thermocapillary instabilities diminish with an increase in the value of the surfactant Marangoni number. However, these thermocapillary instabilities can be made stronger by increasing the value of the thermal Marangoni number. Furthermore, the thermal Marangoni number destabilizes the surfactant mode instability, but the onset of instability is not affected in the presence of the thermal Marangoni number, which is in contrast to the influence of the surfactant Marangoni number on the onset of surfactant mode instability. Interestingly, the Biot number, which measures the ratio of heat convection and heat conduction, shows a dual role in the surfactant mode instability, even though the threshold of instability remains the same. In the high Reynolds number regime, the shear mode appears and is stabilized by the surfactant Marangoni number but destabilized by the thermal Marangoni number. Moreover, the comparison of results with inertia and without inertia exhibits a stabilizing role of inertia in the surfactant mode.
我们研究了当薄膜表面被不溶表面活性剂覆盖时,二维重力驱动剪切不可压缩粘性薄膜流过均匀加热斜壁时的线性热毛细管不稳定性。目的是将先前的研究[Wei,Phys. Fluids 17, 012103 (2005)]扩展到非等温粘性薄膜的情况。因此,能量方程与质量守恒和动量方程一起被纳入了控制方程。在本研究中,除了已知的 H 模式(表面模式)和表面活性剂模式之外,我们还发现了在低到中等雷诺数条件下的两种额外的热毛细管 S 模式和 P 模式。长波分析预测,表面活性剂马兰戈尼数(用于测量因不溶性表面活性剂浓度变化而产生的表面张力梯度)对 H 模式有稳定作用,而热马兰戈尼数(用于测量因温度变化而产生的表面张力梯度)则有破坏作用。这些相反的影响在它们之间产生了一种分析关系,即非等温膜流 H 模式不稳定的临界雷诺数与等温膜流的临界雷诺数相吻合。另一方面,数值结果表明,表面活性剂马兰戈尼数对热毛细管 S 模式和 P 模式具有稳定影响。更具体地说,这些热毛细管不稳定性随着表面活性剂马兰戈尼数的增加而减弱。然而,这些热毛细管不稳定性会随着热马兰戈尼数的增加而增强。此外,热马兰戈尼数会破坏表面活性剂模式不稳定性,但在存在热马兰戈尼数的情况下,不稳定性的发生并不受影响,这与表面活性剂马兰戈尼数对表面活性剂模式不稳定性发生的影响形成了鲜明对比。有趣的是,衡量热对流和热传导比率的比奥特数在表面活化剂模式不稳定性中显示出双重作用,尽管不稳定性阈值保持不变。在高雷诺数条件下,剪切模式出现,并通过表面活性剂马兰戈尼数而稳定,但通过热马兰戈尼数而失稳。此外,有惯性和无惯性结果的比较表明,惯性对表面活性剂模式起稳定作用。
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引用次数: 0
Correlations between thermodynamic fluctuations in shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction 冲击波/湍流边界层相互作用中热力学波动之间的相关性
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.073401
Ximeng Hou, Dehao Xu, Jianchun Wang, Shiyi Chen
The second moment correlations between thermodynamic fluctuations in incident shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flows at Mach 2.25 are systematically investigated by direct numerical simulation. The concerned fluctuations are those of pressure, entropy, temperature, and density {p,s,T,ρ}. Effects of wall temperature and Reynolds number are studied. Kovásznay decomposition is introduced to decompose the fluctuations into acoustic and entropic modes. It is shown that all the six concerned correlations are determined by merely two parameters, which are interpreted as intermodal competition and intermodal correlation, respectively. Accordingly, the flow field is divided into several zones, each with distinct physical properties, to analyze the contributing factors to the correlations. In addition, a model is proposed where the correlations are deemed as functions of the root-mean-square values of thermodynamic fluctuations, as in Gerolymos and Vallet [J. Fluid Mech. 851, 447 (2018)] but simpler. The formula for each correlation has the same form. The accuracy of the model is validated in boundary layers where the intermodal correlation is weak.
通过直接数值模拟,系统地研究了马赫数为 2.25 的入射冲击波/湍流边界层相互作用流中热力学波动的第二矩相关性。相关波动包括压力、熵、温度和密度 {p′,s′,T′,ρ′}。研究了壁温和雷诺数的影响。引入 Kovásznay 分解法将波动分解为声学模式和熵模式。结果表明,所有相关的六种相关性仅由两个参数决定,这两个参数分别被解释为模式间竞争和模式间相关性。因此,将流场划分为几个区域,每个区域都具有不同的物理特性,以分析相关性的促成因素。此外,还提出了一个模型,将相关性视为热力学波动均方根值的函数,如 Gerolymos 和 Vallet [J. Fluid Mech. 851, 447 (2018)],但更为简单。每种相关性的公式形式相同。模型的准确性在模式间相关性较弱的边界层中得到了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Newtonian fluid dynamics in a misaligned parallel-plate rheometer 错位平行板流变仪中的牛顿流体动力学
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.074103
Jian Teng, Sungwon La, Jesse T. Ault
A parallel-plate rotational rheometer measures the viscosity of a fluid by rotating the top plate relative to the bottom plate in order to induce a shear on the fluid and measuring the torques and forces that result as a function of the induced rotation rate. Manufacturing imperfections can often lead to unintentional misalignment of the plates of the rheometer, where the top and bottom plates are not perfectly parallel, and this misalignment can affect the fluid dynamics inside the rheometer. This study examines the effect that misalignment has on the viscosity measurements of Newtonian fluids in the limit of small rheometer gap heights. A theoretical model for the behavior of a general Newtonian fluid in a misaligned rheometer with a small gap height is derived using perturbation expansions. The theoretical results show that at small gap heights, misalignment can produce additional secondary velocity components and pressures in the fluid, which affect the forces and moments in the rheometer. In such cases at small Reynolds numbers, the dominant forces and moments acting on the top plate of the rheometer are the viscous force in the direction parallel to the tilt axis, the pressure moment in the direction perpendicular to the tilt axis and in the cross-sectional plane, and the viscous moment in the direction along the height of the rheometer. These forces and moments on the top plate were found to increase as the misalignment tilt angle increased, leading to an increase in the error of viscosity measurement by the rheometer. Three-dimensional numerical simulations validate the theoretical predictions.
平行板旋转流变仪通过旋转顶板和底板来测量流体的粘度,从而对流体产生剪切力,并测量作为诱导旋转速率函数的扭矩和力。制造缺陷往往会导致流变仪的顶板和底板无意中错位,即顶板和底板并非完全平行,这种错位会影响流变仪内部的流体动力学。本研究探讨了在流变仪间隙高度较小的情况下,错位对牛顿流体粘度测量的影响。利用扰动展开法推导出了一般牛顿流体在间隙高度较小的错位流变仪中的行为理论模型。理论结果表明,在间隙高度较小时,错位会在流体中产生额外的次级速度分量和压力,从而影响流变仪中的力和力矩。在这种情况下,当雷诺数较小时,作用在流变仪顶板上的主要力和力矩是平行于倾斜轴方向的粘性力、垂直于倾斜轴方向和横截面上的压力力矩以及沿流变仪高度方向的粘性力矩。这些作用在顶板上的力和力矩会随着错位倾斜角的增大而增大,从而导致流变仪测量粘度的误差增大。三维数值模拟验证了理论预测。
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引用次数: 0
How small droplets form in turbulent multiphase flows 小液滴如何在湍流多相流中形成
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.l072301
M. Crialesi-Esposito, G. Boffetta, L. Brandt, S. Chibbaro, S. Musacchio
The formation of small droplets and bubbles in turbulent flows is a crucial process in geophysics and engineering, whose underlying physical mechanism remains a puzzle. In this Letter, we address this problem by means of high-resolution numerical simulations, comparing a realistic multiphase configuration with a numerical experiment in which we attenuate the presence of strong velocity gradients either across the whole mixture or in the disperse phase only. Our results show unambiguously that the formation of small droplets is governed by the internal dynamics which occurs during the breakup of large drops and that the high vorticity and the extreme dissipation associated to these events are the consequence and not the cause of the breakup.
在湍流中形成小液滴和气泡是地球物理学和工程学中的一个关键过程,其基本物理机制仍然是一个谜。在这封信中,我们通过高分辨率数值模拟解决了这一问题,将现实的多相配置与数值实验进行了比较,在实验中,我们削弱了整个混合物或仅在分散相中存在的强速度梯度。我们的结果明确显示,小液滴的形成受大液滴破裂时发生的内部动力学的支配,与这些事件相关的高涡度和极度耗散是破裂的结果而不是原因。
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引用次数: 0
Modal and nonmodal stability of the laminar flow in a channel with longitudinal riblets 带有纵向波纹的水道中层流的模态和非模态稳定性
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.9.073903
Antoine Jouin, Jean-Christophe Robinet, Stefania Cherubini
Modal and nonmodal stability analysis of a channel flow with longitudinal riblets are investigated. To this extent, a method based on the coupling between a two-dimensional stability problem and a computational framework for n-periodic systems based on Bloch waves is proposed. Unstable modes from linear stability can be retrieved. The influence of the riblets on the most amplified flow structures is investigated through a transient growth analysis: a resonance is found when the riblet wavenumber is equal to the wavenumber of the optimal streaks in a smooth channel flow. For large riblet spacing, a wavenumber lock-in regime, in which the streaks dynamics and wavelength are totally controlled by the riblet spacing, is observed. Physically, a modulation of the streaks amplitude in the spanwise direction via a beating mechanism is seen. These phenomena are characteristic of dynamic systems spatially forced and may exhibit geometric frustration. Similar results were found in the study of secondary flows in Rayleigh-Bénard convection with wavy walls. A resolvent analysis is also performed: it is found that riblets lead to the development of oblique waves that may trigger an early transition.
研究了具有纵向波纹的渠道流的模态和非模态稳定性分析。为此,提出了一种基于二维稳定性问题与基于布洛赫波的 n 周期系统计算框架之间耦合的方法。可以从线性稳定性中检索出不稳定模式。通过瞬态增长分析研究了波纹对最放大流动结构的影响:当波纹的波数等于平滑通道流中最佳条纹的波数时,就会产生共振。在波纹间距较大的情况下,会观察到一个波长锁定机制,其中条纹的动态和波长完全由波纹间距控制。从物理角度看,条纹振幅在跨度方向上通过跳动机制进行调制。这些现象是空间受迫动态系统的特征,可能表现出几何挫折。在研究具有波浪壁的雷利-贝纳德对流中的二次流时也发现了类似的结果。还进行了解析分析:发现波纹导致斜波的发展,可能引发早期过渡。
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引用次数: 0
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Physical Review Fluids
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