Physics Letters B最新文献

英文中文

Testing distinguishability and determinism in atoms 原子的可分辨性和决定论检验

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140209

Mark G. Raizen

We propose and analyze experiments to test distinguishability and determinism in atoms. As a first step, we consider experiments to test if atoms are distinguishable from each other due to small differences in the nuclear magnetic moment. The idea is to measure the hyperfine splitting for stable isotopes that are confined to ion traps, by accumulating statistics over time with different atoms. The three cases analyzed are strontium-87 with an odd number of neutrons, lutetium-175 with an odd number of protons, and lutetium-176 with an odd number of protons and neutrons. We then consider the possibility of performing the same tests on newly created stable isotopes. We also propose that a time-dependent nuclear magnetic moment may enable deterministic tracking of the life cycle of an isotope, and prediction of age since creation and time until decay of radioisotopes. The case of thulium-170 is considered, it is particularly interesting as a radioisotope with an odd number of protons and neutrons. More generally, we argue that any atomic transition could change in time, either due to the atomic nucleus or to the electron charge distribution. The latter could be tested in a dual atomic clock in a ladder configuration to search for the aging of an electronic transition.

我们提出并分析实验来测试原子的可分辨性和决定论。作为第一步，我们考虑进行实验，以测试原子是否由于核磁矩的微小差异而彼此区分。这个想法是通过积累不同原子随时间的统计数据来测量被限制在离子阱中的稳定同位素的超精细分裂。分析的三种情况是中子数为奇数的锶-87，质子数为奇数的镥-175，质子和中子数为奇数的镥-176。然后，我们考虑对新创造的稳定同位素进行相同测试的可能性。我们还提出，随时间变化的核磁矩可以对同位素的生命周期进行确定性跟踪，并预测自创造以来的年龄和放射性同位素衰变的时间。考虑到铥-170的情况，它是一个特别有趣的放射性同位素与奇数的质子和中子。更一般地说，我们认为任何原子跃迁都可能随时间而改变，这可能是由于原子核的变化，也可能是由于电子的电荷分布。后者可以在阶梯结构的双原子钟中进行测试，以寻找电子跃迁的老化。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the Starobinsky model after ACT 超越了ACT之后的斯塔宾斯基模型

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140217

Min Gi Park , Dhong Yeon Cheong , Seong Chan Park

We revisit higher order corrections to the Starobinsky inflationary model using the most recent P-ACT-LB-BK18 data, which exhibits a mild but definite tension with the predictions of the original model. Our results demonstrate how even small higher order deformations of the Ricci scalar (e.g.

R^{3}, R^{4}, \dots

) can bring the model into better agreement with current data and impose nontrivial constraints on the post-inflationary dynamics.

我们使用最新的P-ACT-LB-BK18数据重新审视了Starobinsky暴胀模型的高阶修正，它与原始模型的预测显示出轻微但明确的紧张关系。我们的结果表明，即使里奇标量的小高阶变形（例如R3，R4，…）也可以使模型更好地与当前数据一致，并对后暴胀动力学施加非平凡约束。

引用次数: 0

Rotational Brownian motion and heavy quark polarization in QCD medium QCD介质中的旋转布朗运动和重夸克极化

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140202

Sourav Dey, Amaresh Jaiswal

We consider the rotational Brownian motion of heavy quark in QCD medium and provide analytical results for polarization of open heavy-flavor hadrons. We calculate expressions for vector and tensor polarization, corresponding to baryon spin polarization and vector meson spin alignment, respectively. Assuming that heavy quarks are initially fully spin polarized along the direction of magnetic field, we compare our results with recent experimental data from ALICE collaboration for

D^{* +}

meson and provide predictions for spin polarization of open charm baryons. We propose that the transverse momentum dependence of heavy quark polarization may serve as a distinctive signature of the intense initial magnetic field generated in off-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

我们考虑了QCD介质中重夸克的旋转布朗运动，并给出了开放重味强子极化的分析结果。我们分别计算了对应于重子自旋极化和矢量介子自旋取向的矢量偏振和张量偏振的表达式。假设重夸克最初是沿磁场方向完全自旋极化的，我们将我们的结果与ALICE合作的D*+介子的最新实验数据进行了比较，并对开放粲重子的自旋极化进行了预测。我们提出，重夸克极化的横向动量依赖可以作为在离中心相对论性重离子碰撞中产生的强烈初始磁场的独特特征。

引用次数: 0

Minimal plateau inflation in light of ACT DR6 observations 根据ACT DR6观测，最小的高原暴胀

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140187

Md Riajul Haque , Debaprasad Maity

We explore a class of minimal plateau inflationary models constrained by the latest cosmological observations from ACT DR6, Planck 2018, BICEP/Keck 2018, and DESI, collectively referred to as P-ACT-LB-BK18. These models, characterized by a non-polynomial potential, are analyzed using both inflationary and post-inflationary reheating dynamics, and the limits on the viable model parameter space are obtained. Our results show that the minimal model with matter-like post inflationary reheating phase remains consistent with current data at both 1σ and 2σ levels. The inflaton potential’s exponent n and reheating epoch are intertwined in that upon its increase, corresponding to the stiffer reheating equation of state, the viable model parameter space in accordance with ACT shrinks, which is further facilitated by the primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) overproduction. We further explored a supergravity-inspired extension of the model under study with similar results, but with tighter constraints on the model parameters. These results emphasize the importance of jointly analyzing CMB data and reheating physics to test inflationary models.

我们探索了一类受ACT DR6、Planck 2018、BICEP/Keck 2018和DESI最新宇宙学观测约束的最小平台暴胀模型，统称为P-ACT-LB-BK18。利用暴胀和后暴胀再加热动力学对这些具有非多项式势的模型进行了分析，得到了可行模型参数空间的极限。我们的结果表明，在1σ和2σ水平上，具有类物质暴胀后再加热阶段的最小模型与当前数据保持一致。膨胀势的指数n与再加热时代是交织在一起的，当其增加时，对应于更硬的再加热状态方程，符合ACT的可行模型参数空间缩小，这进一步促进了原始引力波（PGWs）的过剩产生。我们进一步探索了正在研究的模型的超重力启发扩展，得到了类似的结果，但对模型参数有更严格的约束。这些结果强调了联合分析CMB数据和重新加热物理以测试暴胀模型的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Imaginary-time method for ααn radiative capture reaction rates 辐射俘获反应速率的虚时法

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140196

Luanhong Pei , Jianfeng Zhu , Yasuro Funaki , Bo Zhou

The ααn process plays a crucial role in bridging the

A = 5

, 8 gap in a neutron-rich environment, and determining its reaction rate is highly significant in nuclear astrophysics. Using the imaginary-time approach, we calculated the ααn reaction rate over a very large spatial domain, fully accounting for the three-body effect without directly solving scattering problems. Although employing the same Hamiltonian as the transformed harmonic oscillator method, our calculated rate differs by more than ten orders of magnitude in the extremely low-temperature region but aligns well with the NACRE rate across all temperatures. A sufficiently large spatial domain is required at low temperatures to obtain accurate reaction rates, indicating the indispensability of direct three-body capture in this temperature regime.

ααn过程在富中子环境中填补a = 5,8间隙中起着至关重要的作用，其反应速率的确定在核天体物理中具有重要意义。利用虚时间方法，我们计算了在非常大的空间范围内ααn的反应速率，充分考虑了三体效应而不直接解决散射问题。虽然采用与变换谐振子方法相同的哈密顿量，但我们计算的速率在极低温区域相差10多个数量级，但在所有温度下都与纳克尔速率保持一致。在低温下需要足够大的空间域来获得准确的反应速率，这表明在这种温度下直接三体捕获是必不可少的。

引用次数: 0

One-loop Euler-Heisenberg action in Lorentz-violating QED revisited 重新考察了违反洛伦兹QED中的欧拉-海森堡单环作用

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140213

R. Araújo , T. Mariz , J.R. Nascimento , A. Yu. Petrov

We discuss applications of the proper-time method in a Lorentz-violating extension of QED characterized by the addition of the term proportional to the antisymmetric tensor H_μν. Unlike other LV extensions of QED, in our case, the one-loop Euler-Heisenberg-like action turns out to include only odd powers of the stress tensor F_μν. Our result is shown to be UV finite, and it is confirmed using the Feynman diagrams framework.

我们讨论了固有时方法在一个违反洛伦兹的QED扩展中的应用，其特征是加入了与反对称张量成比例的项。与QED的其他LV扩展不同，在我们的例子中，单回路欧拉-海森堡作用只包含应力张量Fμν的奇次。我们的结果证明是紫外有限的，并使用费曼图框架加以证实。

引用次数: 0

SL(2N,C) Hyperunification: Dynamical tetrads, induced gravity and composite families SL （2n， C）超统一：动态四分体、诱导重力和复合族

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140207

J.L. Chkareuli

A four-dimensional gauge–gravity unification based on the local

SL (2 N, C)

symmetry is developed in a universal Yang–Mills type setting. The accompanying tetrads are promoted to dynamical fields whose invertibility condition is interpreted as a nonlinear sigma-model type length constraint. This triggers tetrad condensation and spontaneously breaks

SL (2 N, C)

down to

SL (2, C) \times SU (N)

, effectively filtering out unobserved non-compact directions. A special ghost-free curvature-squared Lagrangian provides a consistent quadratic sector for all gauge fields involved, while an Einstein â€ “Cartan linear curvature term is shown to arise radiatively from fermion loops. The matter sector clearly points to a deeper elementarity of

SL (2 N, C)

spinors, which can be identified with preon constituents whose bound states form the observed quarks and leptons. Anomaly matching between preons and composites singles out

SL (16, C)

, accommodating precisely three composite quark-lepton families. The theory links noncompact unification, induced gravity, and fermion family structure in a single framework.

在通用的Yang-Mills型环境下，建立了基于局部SL（2N，C）对称的四维量规-重力统一。将伴随的四分体提升为动态场，其可逆性条件解释为非线性西格玛模型型长度约束。这触发了四元体凝聚，并自发地将SL（2N，C）分解为SL（2，C）×SU(N)，有效地过滤掉了未观察到的非紧化方向。一个特殊的无鬼曲率平方拉格朗日量为所有涉及的规范场提供了一致的二次扇区，而爱因斯坦 -卡坦线性曲率项被证明是从费米子环辐射产生的。物质部分清楚地指出了SL（2N，C）旋子的更深层次的基本性质，它可以用束缚态形成观察到的夸克和轻子的质子成分来识别。preons和复合材料之间的异常匹配挑出了SL(16，C)，精确地容纳了三个复合夸克-轻子族。该理论将非紧致统一、诱导引力和费米子族结构联系在一起。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of Breakup Channel Competition in the 6Li+209Bi System at Above-Barrier Energies 能垒以上6Li+209Bi体系破碎通道竞争机制

IF 4.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140224

Kai-Xuan Cheng, Chun-Wang Ma

引用次数: 0

Resonance contributions to radiative corrections in charged-current elastic (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering at GeV energies 共振对GeV能量下带电电流（反）中微子-核子弹性散射辐射修正的贡献

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140199

Oleksandr Tomalak

We present the first evaluation of virtual resonance contributions to the charged-current elastic (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering at GeV energies, focusing on the dominant Δ(1232) resonance. We approximate the vector part of the N → Δ transition by the leading magnetic dipole term. Our results for the cross-section corrections at fixed neutrino energy indicate the permille-level contribution of resonance intermediate states to the elastic and radiative scattering cross sections. This calculation exhibits the expected infrared behavior of the invariant amplitudes and unpolarized cross sections. Our findings provide important insights into inelastic excitations in the charged-current elastic (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering at GeV energies.

我们首次评估了虚拟共振对GeV能量下带电电流弹性（反）中微子-核子散射的贡献，重点关注了主导的Δ（1232）共振。我们用先导磁偶极子项近似N → Δ跃迁的矢量部分。我们在固定中微子能量下的截面修正结果表明共振中间态对弹性和辐射散射截面的permiler级贡献。该计算显示了不变振幅和非偏振截面的预期红外行为。我们的发现对GeV能量下带电电流弹性（反）中微子-核子散射中的非弹性激发提供了重要的见解。

引用次数: 0

Dark energy in light of DESI DR1 and Hubble tension 根据DESI DR1和哈勃张力的暗能量

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Physics Letters B

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140180

Hao Wang , Yun-Song Piao

Recently, Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration based on their first year data has reported a  ≳ 3σ evidence for an evolving dark energy (DE) against the cosmological constant (CC), so the standard ΛCDM model. However, it is necessary to assess the impact of models able to reduce the Hubble tension on the DESI preference for a dynamical equation of state, where w₀ and w_a is the parameters of state equation of DE. In this paper, using DESI DR1 BAO measurements combined with Planck CMB and Pantheon Plus dataset, we perform the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) analysis for the w₀w_aCDM model with possible pre-recombination resolutions of the Hubble tension. It is found that, although

w_{0} > - 1

and w_a < 0 are still preferred, the CC is also consistent within 2σ. The best-fit H₀ is higher than in analyses using pre-DESI BAO data. According to our results, the resolutions of Hubble tension are likely to suppress the preference of DESI for the evolving DE, thus the claim of ruling out the CC needs to be more cautious regarding not only the recent observational data but also the cosmological tensions.

最近，暗能量光谱仪器（DESI）的合作基于他们第一年的数据报告了一个 ± 3σ的证据，表明暗能量（DE）的演化与宇宙常数（CC）相反，因此标准的ΛCDM模型。然而，有必要评估能够降低哈勃张力的模型对动态状态方程DESI偏好的影响，其中w0和wa是DE状态方程的参数。在本文中，我们使用DESI DR1 BAO测量数据结合普朗克CMB和Pantheon Plus数据集，对w0waCDM模型进行蒙特卡罗马尔可夫链（MCMC）分析，并可能对哈勃张力进行预重组分辨率。研究发现，虽然w0>；−1和wa <； 0仍然是首选，但CC在2σ范围内也是一致的。最佳拟合H0高于使用pre-DESI BAO数据的分析。根据我们的结果，哈勃张力的分辨率可能会抑制DESI对演化DE的偏好，因此排除CC的主张需要更加谨慎，不仅要考虑最近的观测数据，还要考虑宇宙张力。

{"title":"Dark energy in light of DESI DR1 and Hubble tension","authors":"Hao Wang , Yun-Song Piao","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration based on their first year data has reported a  ≳ 3<em>σ</em> evidence for an evolving dark energy (DE) against the cosmological constant (CC), so the standard ΛCDM model. However, it is necessary to assess the impact of models able to reduce the Hubble tension on the DESI preference for a dynamical equation of state, where <em>w</em><sub>0</sub> and <em>w<sub>a</sub></em> is the parameters of state equation of DE. In this paper, using DESI DR1 BAO measurements combined with Planck CMB and Pantheon Plus dataset, we perform the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) analysis for the <em>w</em><sub>0</sub><em>w<sub>a</sub></em>CDM model with possible pre-recombination resolutions of the Hubble tension. It is found that, although <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>></mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> and <em>w<sub>a</sub></em> < 0 are still preferred, the CC is also consistent within 2<em>σ</em>. The best-fit <em>H</em><sub>0</sub> is higher than in analyses using pre-DESI BAO data. According to our results, the resolutions of Hubble tension are likely to suppress the <em>preference</em> of DESI for the evolving DE, thus the claim of ruling out the CC needs to be more cautious regarding not only the recent observational data but also the cosmological tensions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"873 ","pages":"Article 140180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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