Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140193
Stephon Alexander, Pisin Chen, Jinglong Liu, Antonino Marcianò, Misao Sasaki, Xuan-Lin Su
We investigate how inflation can emerge from four-fermion interactions generated by spacetime torsion, eliminating the need for additional scalar fields beyond the Standard Model. We partition fermions in two sectors and introduce two bound fields. In the effective theory approach, once all the fermions have been integrated out, the bound fields serve as the inflaton and the auxiliary field, in analogy to the hybrid inflation and accounting for a waterfall (hybrid) mechanism. The inclusion of an axial chemical potential naturally facilitates the end of reheating. During the waterfall regime, the effective potential governing the fermion condensate supports the formation of non-topological solitons, known as Q-balls, which can be accounted for seeding primordial black holes (PBHs).
{"title":"Hybrid Inflation from Fermion Condensation","authors":"Stephon Alexander, Pisin Chen, Jinglong Liu, Antonino Marcianò, Misao Sasaki, Xuan-Lin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140193","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate how inflation can emerge from four-fermion interactions generated by spacetime torsion, eliminating the need for additional scalar fields beyond the Standard Model. We partition fermions in two sectors and introduce two bound fields. In the effective theory approach, once all the fermions have been integrated out, the bound fields serve as the inflaton and the auxiliary field, in analogy to the hybrid inflation and accounting for a waterfall (hybrid) mechanism. The inclusion of an axial chemical potential naturally facilitates the end of reheating. During the waterfall regime, the effective potential governing the fermion condensate supports the formation of non-topological solitons, known as Q-balls, which can be accounted for seeding primordial black holes (PBHs).","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140194
Debabrata Sahoo , Rameswar Sahu , Kirtiman Ghosh
We studied the collider phenomenology of third-generation scalar leptoquarks at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with a 14 TeV center-of-mass energy. The analysis focuses on leptoquarks decaying exclusively into top quarks and tau leptons, employing machine learning-based tagging techniques for identifying hadronically decaying boosted top quarks, W/Z, and Higgs bosons, as well as a multivariate classifier to distinguish signal events from Standard Model (SM) backgrounds. The expected 95% confidence level (CL) upper limits on the leptoquark production cross-section are computed assuming integrated luminosities of 200 and 500 inverse femtobarns at the 14 TeV LHC. The results demonstrate significant sensitivity improvements for detecting leptoquarks at masses beyond the current experimental limits.
{"title":"A comprehensive search for leptoquarks decaying into top-τ final states at the future LHC","authors":"Debabrata Sahoo , Rameswar Sahu , Kirtiman Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the collider phenomenology of third-generation scalar leptoquarks at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with a 14 TeV center-of-mass energy. The analysis focuses on leptoquarks decaying exclusively into top quarks and tau leptons, employing machine learning-based tagging techniques for identifying hadronically decaying boosted top quarks, W/Z, and Higgs bosons, as well as a multivariate classifier to distinguish signal events from Standard Model (SM) backgrounds. The expected 95% confidence level (CL) upper limits on the leptoquark production cross-section are computed assuming integrated luminosities of 200 and 500 inverse femtobarns at the 14 TeV LHC. The results demonstrate significant sensitivity improvements for detecting leptoquarks at masses beyond the current experimental limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"873 ","pages":"Article 140194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140173
Dhiman Kumar Kalita, Debojit Sarma
In this paper, we investigate the possibility of thermal equilibrium between Hawking radiation emitted by a RN-AdS black hole and dust like matter absorbing thermal energy surrounding it, called thermal dust, in the context of Rastall gravity with cosmological constant term. The energy density of thermal dust increases linearly with its temperature. Therefore, thermal dust represent the dust like matter that absorb thermal energy and gets heated up linearly with temperature. In the context of Rastall gravity, we derive the metric of RN-AdS black hole surrounded by thermal dust and it possesses the temperature term of the thermal dust. Hence, using this metric we can check if there exists thermal equilibrium between Hawking radiation emitted by a RN-AdS black hole and surrounding thermal dust by simply demanding the temperature of thermal dust equal to Hawking temperature. Then, we show that the entropy term become unphysical for positive Hawking temperature, when we demand this thermal equilibrium condition. Hence, we conclude that there cannot exist thermal equilibrium between Hawking radiation emitted by a RN-AdS black hole and its surrounding thermal dust background in the context of Rastall gravity.
{"title":"On the non existence of thermal equilibrium between Hawking radiation and thermal dust in the context of Rastall gravity","authors":"Dhiman Kumar Kalita, Debojit Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the possibility of thermal equilibrium between Hawking radiation emitted by a RN-AdS black hole and dust like matter absorbing thermal energy surrounding it, called thermal dust, in the context of Rastall gravity with cosmological constant term. The energy density of thermal dust increases linearly with its temperature. Therefore, thermal dust represent the dust like matter that absorb thermal energy and gets heated up linearly with temperature. In the context of Rastall gravity, we derive the metric of RN-AdS black hole surrounded by thermal dust and it possesses the temperature term of the thermal dust. Hence, using this metric we can check if there exists thermal equilibrium between Hawking radiation emitted by a RN-AdS black hole and surrounding thermal dust by simply demanding the temperature of thermal dust equal to Hawking temperature. Then, we show that the entropy term become unphysical for positive Hawking temperature, when we demand this thermal equilibrium condition. Hence, we conclude that there cannot exist thermal equilibrium between Hawking radiation emitted by a RN-AdS black hole and its surrounding thermal dust background in the context of Rastall gravity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"873 ","pages":"Article 140173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140191
Sergei P. Maydanyuk, K. Tsushima, G. Ramalho, Peng-Ming Zhang
{"title":"Manifestation of quark effects in nuclei via bremsstrahlung analysis in the proton-nucleus scattering","authors":"Sergei P. Maydanyuk, K. Tsushima, G. Ramalho, Peng-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140189
A.J. Clara Figueiredo , T.C. Jude , S. Alef , P.L. Cole , R. Di Salvo , D. Elsner , A. Fantini , O. Freyermuth , F. Frommberger , F. Ghio , J. Groß , K. Kohl , P. Levi Sandri , G. Mandaglio , P. Pedroni , B.-E. Reitz , M. Romaniuk , G. Scheluchin , H. Schmieden , A. Sonnenschein , C. Tillmanns
The coherent reaction, γd → π0ηd was studied with the BGOOD experiment at ELSA from threshold to a centre-of-mass energy of 3200 MeV for forward deuteron angles. A full kinematic reconstruction was made, with final state deuterons identified in the Forward Spectrometer and π0 and η decays in the central BGO Rugby Ball. The strength of the differential cross section exceeds what can be described by phenomenological models of coherent photoproduction due to the large momentum transfer to the deuteron. The origin of this enhancement is unresolved, whether this is due, for example, to intermediate dibaryon formation or pion re-scattering terms. A toy model of quasi-free Δ and N(1535) photoproduction with final state interactions is discussed, which gives a qualitative description of the differential cross section.
{"title":"Coherent π0ηd photoproduction at forward deuteron angles measured at BGOOD","authors":"A.J. Clara Figueiredo , T.C. Jude , S. Alef , P.L. Cole , R. Di Salvo , D. Elsner , A. Fantini , O. Freyermuth , F. Frommberger , F. Ghio , J. Groß , K. Kohl , P. Levi Sandri , G. Mandaglio , P. Pedroni , B.-E. Reitz , M. Romaniuk , G. Scheluchin , H. Schmieden , A. Sonnenschein , C. Tillmanns","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coherent reaction, <em>γd</em> → <em>π</em><sup>0</sup><em>ηd</em> was studied with the BGOOD experiment at ELSA from threshold to a centre-of-mass energy of 3200 MeV for forward deuteron angles. A full kinematic reconstruction was made, with final state deuterons identified in the Forward Spectrometer and <em>π</em><sup>0</sup> and <em>η</em> decays in the central BGO Rugby Ball. The strength of the differential cross section exceeds what can be described by phenomenological models of coherent photoproduction due to the large momentum transfer to the deuteron. The origin of this enhancement is unresolved, whether this is due, for example, to intermediate dibaryon formation or pion re-scattering terms. A toy model of quasi-free Δ and <em>N</em>(1535) photoproduction with final state interactions is discussed, which gives a qualitative description of the differential cross section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"873 ","pages":"Article 140189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140188
Gennaro Corcella , Claudio Corianò , Paul H. Frampton , Dario Melle
Given the current absence of new physics signals at the LHC, it is increasingly important to investigate alternative scenarios beyond those commonly explored. In this work, we study a variant of the 331 model that predicts the existence of vector bileptons with electric charge and lepton number ± 2, as well as TeV-scale exotic quarks carrying charges ± 5/3 and ± 4/3. Specifically, we focus on the primary production of heavy quarks with charge ± 5/3, which decay into a bottom quark and a bilepton, followed by the bilepton’s decay into same-sign muon pairs. As a case study, we select a benchmark point that complies with current experimental exclusion limits and theoretical expectations for the bilepton mass. Our analysis shows that the resulting signal stands out clearly from Standard Model backgrounds and could be observed at a future 100 TeV hadron collider such as FCC-hh. In contrast, the LHC, even in its high-luminosity phase, lacks the sensitivity required to detect this signal.
{"title":"Heavy quark decays in the bilepton model","authors":"Gennaro Corcella , Claudio Corianò , Paul H. Frampton , Dario Melle","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the current absence of new physics signals at the LHC, it is increasingly important to investigate alternative scenarios beyond those commonly explored. In this work, we study a variant of the 331 model that predicts the existence of vector bileptons with electric charge and lepton number ± 2, as well as TeV-scale exotic quarks carrying charges ± 5/3 and ± 4/3. Specifically, we focus on the primary production of heavy quarks with charge ± 5/3, which decay into a bottom quark and a bilepton, followed by the bilepton’s decay into same-sign muon pairs. As a case study, we select a benchmark point that complies with current experimental exclusion limits and theoretical expectations for the bilepton mass. Our analysis shows that the resulting signal stands out clearly from Standard Model backgrounds and could be observed at a future 100 TeV hadron collider such as FCC-<em>hh</em>. In contrast, the LHC, even in its high-luminosity phase, lacks the sensitivity required to detect this signal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"873 ","pages":"Article 140188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140192
Yue Chu , Chen-Hao Wu , Ya-Peng Hu
By employing Duan’s topological method, we can classify critical points based on their topological charge as . Previous work [Wei et al., PRD 105, 104,003 (2022)] investigate two typical anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole: Reissner-Nordström (RN) case (with only one critical point ) and Born-Infeld (BI) case (with two critical points ). In this work, we first find that all three types of critical points exhibit in quantum anomalous black holes for 4-D spacetime. We then compute the quasinormal modes of massless scalar perturbations near these critical points, and find that both oscillation frequency and damping rate increase with black hole radii at the critical temperature. Besides such common behavior, though the cases do not have a discernible pattern due to few samples, the case shows very similar dynamical characteristics across all three black hole solutions, which implies a non-trivial connection between topological thermodynamics and dynamics.
采用Duan的拓扑方法，我们可以根据其拓扑电荷Q=±1,0对临界点进行分类。先前的工作[Wei et al., PRD 105,104,003(2022)]研究了两种典型的反德西特（AdS）黑洞：Reissner-Nordström （RN）情况（只有一个临界点Q=−1）和Born-Infeld （BI）情况（两个临界点Q=±1）。在这项工作中，我们首次发现所有三种类型的临界点都出现在4维时空的量子异常黑洞中。然后我们计算了这些临界点附近的无质量标量扰动的准正态模态，并发现在临界温度下，振荡频率和阻尼率都随着黑洞半径的增加而增加。除了这些共同的行为之外，尽管Q=+1,0的情况由于样本少而没有明显的模式，但Q=−1的情况在所有三个黑洞解中显示出非常相似的动力学特征，这意味着拓扑热力学和动力学之间存在非微不足道的联系。
{"title":"Imprints of topological thermodynamics on black hole dynamics","authors":"Yue Chu , Chen-Hao Wu , Ya-Peng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By employing Duan’s topological method, we can classify critical points based on their topological charge as <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>. Previous work [Wei et al., PRD 105, 104,003 (2022)] investigate two typical anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole: Reissner-Nordström (RN) case (with only one critical point <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>) and Born-Infeld (BI) case (with two critical points <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>). In this work, we first find that all three types of critical points exhibit in quantum anomalous black holes for 4-D spacetime. We then compute the quasinormal modes of massless scalar perturbations near these critical points, and find that both oscillation frequency and damping rate increase with black hole radii at the critical temperature. Besides such common behavior, though the <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> cases do not have a discernible pattern due to few samples, the <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> case shows very similar dynamical characteristics across all three black hole solutions, which implies a non-trivial connection between topological thermodynamics and dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"873 ","pages":"Article 140192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140185
Xiaofang Liu , Cuihong Wen , Jieci Wang
Recently, the concept of quantum atmosphere has been introduced as a potential origin of Hawking quanta. This study investigates the properties of quantum fields by exploring the quantum coherence of a two-mode Gaussian state near a black hole, where Hawking quanta originate from the quantum atmosphere region. It is demonstrated that both physically accessible and inaccessible quantum coherence for continuous variable quantum states distinctly exhibit hallmark features of the quantum atmosphere. Specifically, the quantum coherence for these states varies continuously with changes in the normalized distance; it undergoes rapid decreases (or increases) just outside the event horizon before gradually stabilizing through subsequent increases (or decreases). This behavior contrasts with the behaviors of quantum coherence where originates solely from the black hole’s event horizon. The quantum features of the fields distinctly reflect characteristics attributable to the quantum atmosphere, thereby deepening our understanding of the origins of Hawking radiation. We also find that the continuous variable coherence is highly dependent on both the squeezing parameter and field frequency of the prepared state; therefore, appropriately adjusting these values can enhance our ability to detect features within the quantum atmosphere. It is noteworthy to observe that quantum features of fields do not entirely dissipate in the quantum atmosphere region, indicating that tasks related to quantum information processing can still be executed there.
{"title":"Quantum coherence of continuous variables in the black hole quantum atmosphere","authors":"Xiaofang Liu , Cuihong Wen , Jieci Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the concept of quantum atmosphere has been introduced as a potential origin of Hawking quanta. This study investigates the properties of quantum fields by exploring the quantum coherence of a two-mode Gaussian state near a black hole, where Hawking quanta originate from the quantum atmosphere region. It is demonstrated that both physically accessible and inaccessible quantum coherence for continuous variable quantum states distinctly exhibit hallmark features of the quantum atmosphere. Specifically, the quantum coherence for these states varies continuously with changes in the normalized distance; it undergoes rapid decreases (or increases) just outside the event horizon before gradually stabilizing through subsequent increases (or decreases). This behavior contrasts with the behaviors of quantum coherence where originates solely from the black hole’s event horizon. The quantum features of the fields distinctly reflect characteristics attributable to the quantum atmosphere, thereby deepening our understanding of the origins of Hawking radiation. We also find that the continuous variable coherence is highly dependent on both the squeezing parameter and field frequency of the prepared state; therefore, appropriately adjusting these values can enhance our ability to detect features within the quantum atmosphere. It is noteworthy to observe that quantum features of fields do not entirely dissipate in the quantum atmosphere region, indicating that tasks related to quantum information processing can still be executed there.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"873 ","pages":"Article 140185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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