With the development and utilization of phosphorus resources, phosphorus tailings continue to pile up, which has become a serious problem that cannot be ignored, so the resource utilization of phosphorus tailings has extremely significant research significance. This study takes “phosphorus tailings” and “phosphate tailings” as keywords, 989 related research articles were selected from the Web of Science (WOS) database, and the research results were summarized. The research progress and research hotspots of phosphorus tailings resource utilization in the past 23 years were investigated. Citespace and VOSviewer were used to analyze the published literature in this research field. The results show that the research trend exhibits slow growth-fluctuating growth-rapid growth. The research organizations in this field present the form of independent research groups, among which there are more Chinese research teams. This paper systematically introduces the research hotspot of phosphorus tailings resource utilization, including the collaborative extraction of valuable elements from various solid wastes, and the collaborative preparation of functional materials from various solid wastes under the green closed cycle without by-product system. The future research focus is also put forward.
随着磷资源的开发利用，磷尾矿不断堆积，已成为一个不容忽视的严重问题，因此磷尾矿的资源化利用具有极其重大的研究意义。本研究以 "磷尾矿 "和 "磷矿尾矿 "为关键词，从 Web of Science（WOS）数据库中选取了 989 篇相关研究文章，并对研究成果进行了汇总。考察了近 23 年来磷尾矿资源化利用的研究进展和研究热点。利用 Citespace 和 VOSviewer 对该研究领域已发表的文献进行了分析。结果表明，研究趋势呈现出缓慢增长-波动增长-快速增长的特点。该领域的研究组织呈现独立研究团体的形式，其中中国研究团队较多。本文系统介绍了磷尾矿资源化利用的研究热点，包括从各种固体废弃物中协同提取有价元素，以及在无副产物绿色闭合循环体系下，从各种固体废弃物中协同制备功能材料。并提出了未来的研究重点。
{"title":"Research hotspot and trend of resource utilization of phosphorus tailings - based on Citespace and VOSviewer visualization","authors":"Jiang Dian Jun, Xueping Huang, Lili Liang, Liangzhi Huang","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/192132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/192132","url":null,"abstract":"With the development and utilization of phosphorus resources, phosphorus tailings continue to pile up, which has become a serious problem that cannot be ignored, so the resource utilization of phosphorus tailings has extremely significant research significance. This study takes “phosphorus tailings” and “phosphate tailings” as keywords, 989 related research articles were selected from the Web of Science (WOS) database, and the research results were summarized. The research progress and research hotspots of phosphorus tailings resource utilization in the past 23 years were investigated. Citespace and VOSviewer were used to analyze the published literature in this research field. The results show that the research trend exhibits slow growth-fluctuating growth-rapid growth. The research organizations in this field present the form of independent research groups, among which there are more Chinese research teams. This paper systematically introduces the research hotspot of phosphorus tailings resource utilization, including the collaborative extraction of valuable elements from various solid wastes, and the collaborative preparation of functional materials from various solid wastes under the green closed cycle without by-product system. The future research focus is also put forward.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The NdFeB sludge is a secondary rare earth resource abundant in both REEs and Fe elements. However, there tends to be a focus on recovering only high-value rare earths while neglecting the recycling of high-content iron, leading to a low comprehensive utilization of this secondary rare earth resource. The present study builds upon previous research on the separation and coextraction of REEs and Fe from NdFeB sludge, further investigating the phase transformation behavior during oxidation roasting and elucidating the kinetics of simultaneous leaching of REEs and Fe. The results suggest that NdFeB waste exhibited a loose morphology and demonstrated high susceptibility to dissolution in hydrochloric acid when subjected to roasting temperatures below 500℃. The morphology of NdFeB waste becomes denser and more spherical, hindering its dissolution in hydrochloric acid when the roasting temperature exceeded 500℃, resulting in a reduction in the leaching efficiencies of both roasting. The co-leaching of REEs and Fe in NdFeB sludge is governed by internal diffusion for REEs and chemical reaction for Fe, as evidenced by the kinetic results. Furthermore, it is observed that the apparent activation energy of rare earth surpasses that of iron, leading to the attainment of equilibrium for rare earth prior to that of iron during the synchronous leaching process. The findings of this study hold theoretical significance in enhancing the overall efficiency of secondary rare earth resource utilization.
钕铁硼污泥是一种富含稀土和铁元素的二次稀土资源。然而，人们往往只关注高价值稀土的回收，而忽视了高含量铁的回收，导致这种二次稀土资源的综合利用率较低。本研究在以往从钕铁硼污泥中分离和共萃取稀土和铁的研究基础上，进一步研究了氧化焙烧过程中的相变行为，并阐明了同时沥滤稀土和铁的动力学。结果表明，当焙烧温度低于 500℃时，钕铁硼废料呈现出松散的形态，并且极易溶解于盐酸中。当焙烧温度超过 500℃时，钕铁硼废料的形态变得更加致密和球形，阻碍了其在盐酸中的溶解，导致两种焙烧的浸出效率都降低。动力学结果表明，钕铁硼污泥中 REEs 和 Fe 的共同浸出受 REEs 内部扩散和 Fe 化学反应的支配。此外，还观察到稀土的表观活化能超过了铁的表观活化能，导致在同步浸出过程中稀土先于铁达到平衡。该研究结果对于提高二次稀土资源利用的整体效率具有重要的理论意义。
{"title":"Insight into the mechanism on co-leaching of REEs and Fe from NdFeB sludge: Elucidating phase transformation and co-leaching kinetics","authors":"Xinglan Li, Zishuai Liu, Xiu Liu, Xuekun Tang, Huiyang Lin, Lushuai Yao, Wanting Bai, Jiangfeng Guo","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/189908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/189908","url":null,"abstract":"The NdFeB sludge is a secondary rare earth resource abundant in both REEs and Fe elements. However, there tends to be a focus on recovering only high-value rare earths while neglecting the recycling of high-content iron, leading to a low comprehensive utilization of this secondary rare earth resource. The present study builds upon previous research on the separation and coextraction of REEs and Fe from NdFeB sludge, further investigating the phase transformation behavior during oxidation roasting and elucidating the kinetics of simultaneous leaching of REEs and Fe. The results suggest that NdFeB waste exhibited a loose morphology and demonstrated high susceptibility to dissolution in hydrochloric acid when subjected to roasting temperatures below 500℃. The morphology of NdFeB waste becomes denser and more spherical, hindering its dissolution in hydrochloric acid when the roasting temperature exceeded 500℃, resulting in a reduction in the leaching efficiencies of both roasting. The co-leaching of REEs and Fe in NdFeB sludge is governed by internal diffusion for REEs and chemical reaction for Fe, as evidenced by the kinetic results. Furthermore, it is observed that the apparent activation energy of rare earth surpasses that of iron, leading to the attainment of equilibrium for rare earth prior to that of iron during the synchronous leaching process. The findings of this study hold theoretical significance in enhancing the overall efficiency of secondary rare earth resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Wang, Youli Han, Jinbo Zhu, Lingyun Liu, Hongyang Wang, Zhiyong Lin, Shuwei Xia, Po Wang
To solve the mismatch problems of nonlinear changes of coal slurry properties and energy input during the continuous flotation process, we used a two-stage energy input method to promote the efficient recovery of clean coal and achieve maximized benefits. Results showed that the flotation rate constant increased with the increase in stirring speed and reached its maximum value of 0.0271 s-1 when the stirring speed increased to 1200 r/min under a single energy input, with a maximum combustible recovery of 74.35%. However, the short-term flotation results within 40 s showed that the combustible recovery increased with stirring speed and reached its maximum value of 50.19% at 1500 r/min. The stirring speed was set at 1800 r/min for a fast flotation period and 2400 r/min for an enhanced separation period, which could achieve a maximum combustible recovery of 89.21%. Furthermore, the adsorption density of the collector was optimized, exceeding that achieved under single-stage energy input. The flotation process could be optimized by two-stage energy input. Coarse coal particles were preferentially floated by low-speed stirring in the initial fast selection period. Fine coal particles were further separated during the enhanced separation period under the action of high-speed shear. Two-stage energy input could significantly improve the combustible recovery of the overall flotation of coal slime.
{"title":"Effect of two-stage energy input on enhancing the flotation process of high-ash coal slime","authors":"Xing Wang, Youli Han, Jinbo Zhu, Lingyun Liu, Hongyang Wang, Zhiyong Lin, Shuwei Xia, Po Wang","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/189958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/189958","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the mismatch problems of nonlinear changes of coal slurry properties and energy input during the continuous flotation process, we used a two-stage energy input method to promote the efficient recovery of clean coal and achieve maximized benefits. Results showed that the flotation rate constant increased with the increase in stirring speed and reached its maximum value of 0.0271 s-1 when the stirring speed increased to 1200 r/min under a single energy input, with a maximum combustible recovery of 74.35%. However, the short-term flotation results within 40 s showed that the combustible recovery increased with stirring speed and reached its maximum value of 50.19% at 1500 r/min. The stirring speed was set at 1800 r/min for a fast flotation period and 2400 r/min for an enhanced separation period, which could achieve a maximum combustible recovery of 89.21%. Furthermore, the adsorption density of the collector was optimized, exceeding that achieved under single-stage energy input. The flotation process could be optimized by two-stage energy input. Coarse coal particles were preferentially floated by low-speed stirring in the initial fast selection period. Fine coal particles were further separated during the enhanced separation period under the action of high-speed shear. Two-stage energy input could significantly improve the combustible recovery of the overall flotation of coal slime.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quartz sand purity dictates its applications, with current research focusing on flotation purification. To investigate the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on quartz flotation, an RKIII single-tank flotation machine was employed at a neutral pH of 6.8, and the impacts of varying ultrasonic powers (120-300 W) and different treatment durations (0-25 min) were discussed. Additionally, ultrasonic pretreatments were carried out in acidic and alkaline environments simulated by 1%-5% solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. Through the analysis of impurity content in quartz sand, it was found that under natural pH conditions and a power range of 120-300 W, the optimal purification effect was achieved by adding 100 g of quartz sand to 1200 cm3 of deionized water and subjecting it to ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 min. As the ultrasonic power increased, the purification effect was enhanced. The results showed that the removal of Fe2O3, TiO2, and Al2O3 was increased by 10.4%, 3.3%, and 1.2%, respectively, compared with that of the conventional flotation after ultrasonic pretreatment for 15 min with ultrasound power 240 W in a neutral environment. In the optimal 5% HCl solution, the removal rate of Fe2O3 was 11.2% and 21.6% higher than that of the control group and the untreated group, respectively. The removal rate of TiO2 was 4.6% and 7.9% higher, respectively. The removal rate of Fe2O3 increased by 23.2% and that of TiO2 increased by 9.1% with 240 W ultrasonic treatment in 4% NaOH solution.
{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on flotation purification of quartz","authors":"Jiabao Deng, Dawei Luo, Junzhe Bai, Ke Rong","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/190008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/190008","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz sand purity dictates its applications, with current research focusing on flotation purification. To investigate the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on quartz flotation, an RKIII single-tank flotation machine was employed at a neutral pH of 6.8, and the impacts of varying ultrasonic powers (120-300 W) and different treatment durations (0-25 min) were discussed. Additionally, ultrasonic pretreatments were carried out in acidic and alkaline environments simulated by 1%-5% solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. Through the analysis of impurity content in quartz sand, it was found that under natural pH conditions and a power range of 120-300 W, the optimal purification effect was achieved by adding 100 g of quartz sand to 1200 cm3 of deionized water and subjecting it to ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 min. As the ultrasonic power increased, the purification effect was enhanced. The results showed that the removal of Fe2O3, TiO2, and Al2O3 was increased by 10.4%, 3.3%, and 1.2%, respectively, compared with that of the conventional flotation after ultrasonic pretreatment for 15 min with ultrasound power 240 W in a neutral environment. In the optimal 5% HCl solution, the removal rate of Fe2O3 was 11.2% and 21.6% higher than that of the control group and the untreated group, respectively. The removal rate of TiO2 was 4.6% and 7.9% higher, respectively. The removal rate of Fe2O3 increased by 23.2% and that of TiO2 increased by 9.1% with 240 W ultrasonic treatment in 4% NaOH solution.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phalaris Yuma Muyungwa, Bertin Kitungwa Kabuge, Pierre Mubiayi Kalenga, Michel Shengo Lutandula, N. Moloto, G. Ngubeni, M. K. Mbayo, Crépin Kyona Wansanga
Tin species were studied Makundju ores in DRCongo. Identification of tin species released in aqueous solution during leaching of solids from the alkaline smelting (NaOH-KOH) was done to prepare added-value mining products on tin ores mined in the eastern DR Congo. Prior to alkaline fusion to have the smelting products (SP), the initial sample (IS) was processed for tests and characterization of tin species. Alkaline fusion in molten KOH-NaOH system was used and leached solution was considered for further analyses. Various physicochemical techniques including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the initial ore and the molten cake. Water leached cake solution at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 was used to identify and characterize tin species. ICP-OES analysis of the pH 11.9 solution revealed a content of 4506.3 ppm, which is equivalent to a 95.87% leaching yield. Such yield attests to the stable Sn(OH)2-6(aq) ion as confirmed by UV-Vis. Crystallizations of M2Sn(OH)6(s) (M = Na and/or K) was studied using XRD, FTIR and TGA. As pH decreases below 9, Sn(OH)2-6(aq) ion changes to other tin species such as Sn(OH)-5(aq), Sn(OH)4(S), Sn(OH)+3(aq), Sn(OH)2+2(aq), Sn(OH)3+(aq) and Sn(OH)4+(aq). The stability of each the tin species was determined at different pH values in aqueous solution. Hence, alkaline hexahydroxostannate nanoparticles, used in many electronic applications, can be produced from tin ores.
{"title":"Identification of tin species released in solution during the water leaching of solids from the alkaline smelting (NaOH-KOH) of stanniferous ores","authors":"Phalaris Yuma Muyungwa, Bertin Kitungwa Kabuge, Pierre Mubiayi Kalenga, Michel Shengo Lutandula, N. Moloto, G. Ngubeni, M. K. Mbayo, Crépin Kyona Wansanga","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/189758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/189758","url":null,"abstract":"Tin species were studied Makundju ores in DRCongo. Identification of tin species released in aqueous solution during leaching of solids from the alkaline smelting (NaOH-KOH) was done to prepare added-value mining products on tin ores mined in the eastern DR Congo. Prior to alkaline fusion to have the smelting products (SP), the initial sample (IS) was processed for tests and characterization of tin species. Alkaline fusion in molten KOH-NaOH system was used and leached solution was considered for further analyses. Various physicochemical techniques including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the initial ore and the molten cake. Water leached cake solution at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 was used to identify and characterize tin species. ICP-OES analysis of the pH 11.9 solution revealed a content of 4506.3 ppm, which is equivalent to a 95.87% leaching yield. Such yield attests to the stable Sn(OH)<sup>2-</sup><sub>6(aq)</sub> ion as confirmed by UV-Vis. Crystallizations of M<sub>2</sub>Sn(OH)<sub>6(s)</sub> (M = Na and/or K) was studied using XRD, FTIR and TGA. As pH decreases below 9, Sn(OH)<sup>2-</sup><sub>6(aq)</sub> ion changes to other tin species such as Sn(OH)<sup>-</sup><sub>5(aq)</sub>, Sn(OH)<sub>4(S)</sub>, Sn(OH)<sup>+</sup><sub>3(aq)</sub>, Sn(OH)<sup>2+</sup><sub>2(aq)</sub>, Sn(OH)<sup>3+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> and Sn(OH)<sup>4+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>. The stability of each the tin species was determined at different pH values in aqueous solution. Hence, alkaline hexahydroxostannate nanoparticles, used in many electronic applications, can be produced from tin ores.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang Gong, Xiulan Guo, Suqi Li, Jiaqiao Yuan, Z. Ding, Anmei Yu, Shuming Wen, Shaojun Bai
The flotation wastewater produced by "lead preferred flotation-zinc flotation" all-open process with aids of mixed depressants and cationic-anionic collectors has a high turbidity and multitude of reagent contaminants, and fails to meet the discharge standards. This study objective is to remove fine solid particles and flotation reagents in this wastewater by chemical oxidation co-coagulation-flocculation process. Results of chemical oxidation tests indicate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) exhibits superior performance on decreasing COD, and the COD remarkably decreases to 71.8 mg·L-1 with 100 mg·L-1 PMS addition after 120 min. Moreover, the combined oxidation of radicals (SO4•- and •OH) are responsible for degradation of flotation reagents (Na2S, DCCH, xanthates and amine) in the wastewater. Results of experimental factors confirm that the turbidity of wastewater decreases significantly from 124796 to 71.4 NTU, and the yield of water reaches above 90% with combined usage of lime (500 mg·L-1) and polyacrylamide (PAM, 50 mg·L-1). Besides, the contents of S, P, N, Zn Pb and Fe decrease, and meet the discharge standards. Results of zeta potential analysis suggest lime reduces the electrostatic repulsion between particles, and PAM plays a bridge link role between particles, accelerating the precipitation of suspended particle.
{"title":"Chemical oxidation co-coagulation-flocculation for the flotation wastewater treatment of lead-zinc oxide ore from Lanping mine","authors":"Xiang Gong, Xiulan Guo, Suqi Li, Jiaqiao Yuan, Z. Ding, Anmei Yu, Shuming Wen, Shaojun Bai","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/189756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/189756","url":null,"abstract":"The flotation wastewater produced by \"lead preferred flotation-zinc flotation\" all-open process with aids of mixed depressants and cationic-anionic collectors has a high turbidity and multitude of reagent contaminants, and fails to meet the discharge standards. This study objective is to remove fine solid particles and flotation reagents in this wastewater by chemical oxidation co-coagulation-flocculation process. Results of chemical oxidation tests indicate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) exhibits superior performance on decreasing COD, and the COD remarkably decreases to 71.8 mg·L-1 with 100 mg·L-1 PMS addition after 120 min. Moreover, the combined oxidation of radicals (SO4•- and •OH) are responsible for degradation of flotation reagents (Na2S, DCCH, xanthates and amine) in the wastewater. Results of experimental factors confirm that the turbidity of wastewater decreases significantly from 124796 to 71.4 NTU, and the yield of water reaches above 90% with combined usage of lime (500 mg·L-1) and polyacrylamide (PAM, 50 mg·L-1). Besides, the contents of S, P, N, Zn Pb and Fe decrease, and meet the discharge standards. Results of zeta potential analysis suggest lime reduces the electrostatic repulsion between particles, and PAM plays a bridge link role between particles, accelerating the precipitation of suspended particle.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basic magnesium carbonate is gaining prominence in flame retardant materials due to its excellent flame-retardant properties and clean decomposition products. This study investigates a hydration-carbonation method to address challenges related to the preparation, morphology control, and stability of magnesium basic carbonate. The impact of hydration conditions on the morphology of the carbonate was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that spherical magnesium basic carbonate with regular morphology and uniform particle size can be achieved at a hydration temperature of 50°C for 1.5 hours. However, extending the hydration time and increasing the temperature resulted in irregular morphologies. Molecular dynamics simulations using the CASTEP and Forcite modules of Materials Studio were employed to understand the influence of hydration-carbonation conditions on the carbonate's morphology. The simulations revealed that the (1 1 1) and (2 0 0) crystal faces of MgO, with higher surface energies, promote the formation of precursor magnesium hydroxide nuclei, leading to heterogeneous magnesium alkali carbonate at elevated temperatures. Prolonged hydration time resulted in fragmented carbonate structures. To control the morphology of magnesium alkali carbonate, it is essential to optimize hydration temperature and duration. The simulation results corroborate experimental findings, providing deeper insights into the liquid-gas-solid adsorption relationships during the carbonation process. This study offers valuable guidelines for the controlled synthesis of magnesium basic carbonate, enhancing its applicability in flame retardant materials.
碱式碳酸镁因其优异的阻燃性能和清洁的分解产物，在阻燃材料中的应用日益突出。本研究探讨了一种水合碳化方法，以解决与碱式碳酸镁的制备、形态控制和稳定性相关的难题。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析了水合条件对碳酸盐形态的影响。结果表明，在水化温度为 50 摄氏度、时间为 1.5 小时的条件下，可以制备出形态规则、粒度均匀的球形碱式碳酸镁。然而，延长水合时间和提高温度会导致形态不规则。为了了解水合碳化条件对碳酸盐形态的影响，我们使用 Materials Studio 的 CASTEP 和 Forcite 模块进行了分子动力学模拟。模拟结果表明，氧化镁的（1 1 1）和（2 0 0）晶面具有较高的表面能，可促进前驱体氢氧化镁核的形成，从而在高温下形成异质碱式碳酸镁。延长水合时间会导致碳酸盐结构破碎。要控制碱式碳酸镁的形态，必须优化水合温度和时间。模拟结果证实了实验结果，使人们对碳化过程中的液-气-固吸附关系有了更深入的了解。这项研究为碱式碳酸镁的可控合成提供了宝贵的指导，提高了其在阻燃材料中的应用。
{"title":"Study on the mechanism of controlling the morphology of basic magnesium carbonate prepared under different hydration conditions","authors":"Yang Yang, Limei Bai, Yuxin Ma, YuLian Wang","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/189757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/189757","url":null,"abstract":"Basic magnesium carbonate is gaining prominence in flame retardant materials due to its excellent flame-retardant properties and clean decomposition products. This study investigates a hydration-carbonation method to address challenges related to the preparation, morphology control, and stability of magnesium basic carbonate. The impact of hydration conditions on the morphology of the carbonate was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that spherical magnesium basic carbonate with regular morphology and uniform particle size can be achieved at a hydration temperature of 50°C for 1.5 hours. However, extending the hydration time and increasing the temperature resulted in irregular morphologies. Molecular dynamics simulations using the CASTEP and Forcite modules of Materials Studio were employed to understand the influence of hydration-carbonation conditions on the carbonate's morphology. The simulations revealed that the (1 1 1) and (2 0 0) crystal faces of MgO, with higher surface energies, promote the formation of precursor magnesium hydroxide nuclei, leading to heterogeneous magnesium alkali carbonate at elevated temperatures. Prolonged hydration time resulted in fragmented carbonate structures. To control the morphology of magnesium alkali carbonate, it is essential to optimize hydration temperature and duration. The simulation results corroborate experimental findings, providing deeper insights into the liquid-gas-solid adsorption relationships during the carbonation process. This study offers valuable guidelines for the controlled synthesis of magnesium basic carbonate, enhancing its applicability in flame retardant materials.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyu Tao, Luzheng Chen, Pulin Dai, Zixing Xue, Hang Chen
Pulsating high-gradient magnetic separation (PHGMS) is a promising method of separating chalcopyrite from other minerals with similar floatability. However, the capture characteristics of chalcopyrite in PHGMS process remains poorly understood. In this study, the difference in the capture capacity of chalcopyrite and hematite, a typical weak magnetic mineral, was theoretically compared. The effects of the key operating parameters, i.e., magnetic induction, slurry flow rate, and magnetic wire diameter, on the capture difference of chalcopyrite and hematite were investigated through experimental verification. The comparison results showed that chalcopyrite shared similar capture trend with hematite. The capture mass weight of the matrix decreased with an increase in the pulsating frequency, slurry flow rate, and magnetic wire diameter, but it increased with improved magnetic induction. However, chalcopyrite exhibited an obviously smaller capture mass weight due to its lower susceptibility, which required a higher magnetic induction, slower flow rate, lower pulsating frequency and smaller matrix diameter for high efficient recovery of chalcopyrite. This study provides a reference for the PHGMS of separating chalcopyrite from typically applied weakly magnetic minerals by PHGMS process.
{"title":"Comparative investigation on capture characteristics of chalcopyrite and hematite in PHGMS process","authors":"Mingyu Tao, Luzheng Chen, Pulin Dai, Zixing Xue, Hang Chen","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/185334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/185334","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsating high-gradient magnetic separation (PHGMS) is a promising method of separating chalcopyrite from other minerals with similar floatability. However, the capture characteristics of chalcopyrite in PHGMS process remains poorly understood. In this study, the difference in the capture capacity of chalcopyrite and hematite, a typical weak magnetic mineral, was theoretically compared. The effects of the key operating parameters, i.e., magnetic induction, slurry flow rate, and magnetic wire diameter, on the capture difference of chalcopyrite and hematite were investigated through experimental verification. The comparison results showed that chalcopyrite shared similar capture trend with hematite. The capture mass weight of the matrix decreased with an increase in the pulsating frequency, slurry flow rate, and magnetic wire diameter, but it increased with improved magnetic induction. However, chalcopyrite exhibited an obviously smaller capture mass weight due to its lower susceptibility, which required a higher magnetic induction, slower flow rate, lower pulsating frequency and smaller matrix diameter for high efficient recovery of chalcopyrite. This study provides a reference for the PHGMS of separating chalcopyrite from typically applied weakly magnetic minerals by PHGMS process.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-sulfide lead flotation tailings draw attention in terms of their valuable contents. Dissolution studies have been carried out with strong inorganic acids, especially in ore form, but these acids have been unfavorable in removal in the context of metal recovery processes. Organic acids, on the other hand, are notable for their environmentally friendly properties and selective metal recovery opportunities. In this study, the effects of acetic acid on metal recovery from oxidized waste were investigated with different experimental parameters at a laboratory scale. Optimal conditions were determined depending on the increase in acetic acid concentration. At 0.75-1.0 M acid concentrations, 49-55% Pb and 49-54% Zn recovery efficiencies were obtained with grades of 7.0-7.2% and 19.5-19.7%, respectively. The recovery of Pb/Zn by the leaching process with acetic acid and the selective non-recovery of iron were also observed through characterization studies. With the Rietveld XRD method, an increase in iron minerals such as goethite and a decrease in smithsonite-hydrozincite minerals were determined. These changes were seen as a decrease in the contents of these minerals in SEM/EDX analysis and as a decrease in smithsonite mineral bond structures in the FT-IR analysis. This study showed that acetic acid has many advantages in the utilization of zinc-lead-containing oxide flotation tailings, which have high economic value, such as selective metal recovery, easy biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and non-corrosiveness.
{"title":"Characterization of the effects of acetic acid on the recovery of valuable contents from flotation tailings of non-sulfide metals","authors":"Emine Yoğurtcuoğlu","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/185168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/185168","url":null,"abstract":"Non-sulfide lead flotation tailings draw attention in terms of their valuable contents. Dissolution studies have been carried out with strong inorganic acids, especially in ore form, but these acids have been unfavorable in removal in the context of metal recovery processes. Organic acids, on the other hand, are notable for their environmentally friendly properties and selective metal recovery opportunities. In this study, the effects of acetic acid on metal recovery from oxidized waste were investigated with different experimental parameters at a laboratory scale. Optimal conditions were determined depending on the increase in acetic acid concentration. At 0.75-1.0 M acid concentrations, 49-55% Pb and 49-54% Zn recovery efficiencies were obtained with grades of 7.0-7.2% and 19.5-19.7%, respectively. The recovery of Pb/Zn by the leaching process with acetic acid and the selective non-recovery of iron were also observed through characterization studies. With the Rietveld XRD method, an increase in iron minerals such as goethite and a decrease in smithsonite-hydrozincite minerals were determined. These changes were seen as a decrease in the contents of these minerals in SEM/EDX analysis and as a decrease in smithsonite mineral bond structures in the FT-IR analysis. This study showed that acetic acid has many advantages in the utilization of zinc-lead-containing oxide flotation tailings, which have high economic value, such as selective metal recovery, easy biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and non-corrosiveness.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihao He, Teng Huang, Meiben Gao, Enwen Wang, Desong Kong, Meng Li
With the gradual scarcity of high-quality sand and gravel resources, the increasing mud content in concrete aggregates could strongly adsorb on polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCE), greatly reducing their working performance. Modifying the molecular structure of PCE or compounding sacrificial agents can effectively improve the tolerance to clay minerals. In this article, using different small molecule polyols and polypropylene glycol (PPG) as examples, density functional theory (DFT) was employed to simulate the adsorption between clay minerals and hydration products. This exploration aims to further understand the anti-clay performance of various sacrificial agents from the perspective of adsorption energy. Ca-montmorillonite (CaMMT) exhibits the lowest adsorption energy among different clay minerals, making it the preferred site for sacrificial agent adsorption. With an increase in hydroxyl number, the adsorption energy between polyol sacrificial agents and montmorillonite decreases. Among polymeric polyols, the adsorption energy between PPG 600 and montmorillonite is the lowest (-10.86 eV), indicating superior anti-clay performance by preferentially occupying active sites on montmorillonite. As the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite increases, the adsorption energy between PPG 600 and montmorillonite initially decreases and then increases, reaching the lowest value at c=15.5 Å. There are more electron transfers (0.858) compared to the electron gain and loss, confirming more interaction between the sacrificial agents and montmorillonite at 15.5Å. This article also provides a crucial theoretical basis for the structural design of anti-clay sacrificial agents, offering insights into addressing compatibility issues between PCEs and clay minerals.
随着优质砂石资源的逐渐匮乏，混凝土骨料中含泥量的增加会对聚羧酸盐超塑化剂（PCE）产生强烈的吸附作用，从而大大降低其工作性能。改变聚羧酸盐超塑化剂的分子结构或复配牺牲剂可有效提高其对粘土矿物的耐受性。本文以不同的小分子多元醇和聚丙二醇（PPG）为例，采用密度泛函理论（DFT）模拟了粘土矿物与水合产物之间的吸附作用。这一探索旨在从吸附能的角度进一步了解各种牺牲剂的抗粘土性能。在不同的粘土矿物中，钙蒙脱石（CaMMT）的吸附能最低，因此是牺牲剂吸附的首选部位。随着羟基数的增加，多元醇牺牲剂与蒙脱石之间的吸附能降低。在聚合物多元醇中，PPG 600 与蒙脱石之间的吸附能最低（-10.86 eV），这表明多元醇优先占据蒙脱石上的活性位点，具有优异的抗粘土性能。随着蒙脱石层间距的增大，PPG 600 与蒙脱石之间的吸附能先减小后增大，在 c=15.5 Å 时达到最低值。与电子得失相比，电子转移（0.858）更多，这证实了牺牲剂与蒙脱石之间在 15.5 Å 处有更多的相互作用。这篇文章还为抗粘土牺牲剂的结构设计提供了重要的理论基础，为解决聚合氯化铝与粘土矿物之间的兼容性问题提供了启示。
{"title":"DFT study on the polyol sacrificial agents for improved clay tolerance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers","authors":"Zhihao He, Teng Huang, Meiben Gao, Enwen Wang, Desong Kong, Meng Li","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/184130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/184130","url":null,"abstract":"With the gradual scarcity of high-quality sand and gravel resources, the increasing mud content in concrete aggregates could strongly adsorb on polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCE), greatly reducing their working performance. Modifying the molecular structure of PCE or compounding sacrificial agents can effectively improve the tolerance to clay minerals. In this article, using different small molecule polyols and polypropylene glycol (PPG) as examples, density functional theory (DFT) was employed to simulate the adsorption between clay minerals and hydration products. This exploration aims to further understand the anti-clay performance of various sacrificial agents from the perspective of adsorption energy. Ca-montmorillonite (CaMMT) exhibits the lowest adsorption energy among different clay minerals, making it the preferred site for sacrificial agent adsorption. With an increase in hydroxyl number, the adsorption energy between polyol sacrificial agents and montmorillonite decreases. Among polymeric polyols, the adsorption energy between PPG 600 and montmorillonite is the lowest (-10.86 eV), indicating superior anti-clay performance by preferentially occupying active sites on montmorillonite. As the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite increases, the adsorption energy between PPG 600 and montmorillonite initially decreases and then increases, reaching the lowest value at c=15.5 Å. There are more electron transfers (0.858) compared to the electron gain and loss, confirming more interaction between the sacrificial agents and montmorillonite at 15.5Å. This article also provides a crucial theoretical basis for the structural design of anti-clay sacrificial agents, offering insights into addressing compatibility issues between PCEs and clay minerals.","PeriodicalId":20169,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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