Phytochemistry最新文献

Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a globally devastating disease with limited control through conventional methods like crop rotation, soil amendments and fungicides. Biological control presents a sustainable alternative, especially Chaetomium species known for their multifaceted antagonistic mechanisms are gaining prominence. Nine Chaetomium isolates were obtained from the banana rhizosphere and characterized using internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The antagonistic potential of Chaetomium sp. against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was evaluated through dual culture and inverted plate assays. Among them, Chaetomium. strumarium exhibited strong antifungal activity showing direct hyphal interactions and structural damage to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense under scanning electron microscopy. Pot culture experiments confirmed C. strumarium effectively suppressed wilt incidence and promoted plant growth. Whole genome sequencing of C. strumarium yielded a 33-megabase assembly with 54.58 per cent GC content and 10,045 protein-coding genes. Genome annotation revealed abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes particularly glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases along with 57 biosynthetic gene clusters linked to antifungal metabolite production. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis highlighted genes involved in stress response, metabolism and fungal antagonism. This study is the first to establish C. strumarium as a potent biocontrol agent against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, providing genomic insights into its mycoparasitism and specialized metabolite biosynthesis for sustainable banana wilt management.

Phytochemical analysis of Amesiodendron Chinense stems and leaves resulted in the isolation of 26 undescribed oleanane triterpenoid saponins, amesiodendroside A-Z (1-26), using a combination of bioactivity-guided fractionation and global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS). Compounds 1-12 were classified as disaccharides, whereas 13-26 constituted trisaccharides, which are characterized by an arabinose glycosidically linked to the C-3 position of oleanane, with glucose moieties appended to the C-2 and/or C-3 positions of the arabinose. They exhibit diverse acetylation profiles and oxidation state variations at C-16, C-23, and C-28, showing marked correlations between substitution patterns and the typical ¹H/¹³C NMR chemical shifts. Notably, compounds 5, 7, 16, and 25 displayed significant immunosuppressive activities against the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in vitro, and the preliminary structure-activity relationship was discussed. Furthermore, compounds 7 and 25 exhibited dual immunosuppressive effects by inducing apoptosis in activated T cells through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mediated mitochondrial pathway and potently suppressing key immunoregulatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4).

The genus Blumea (Asteraceae) has long been valued in traditional medicine across Asia and other regions for its use in managing wounds, infections, respiratory and digestive disorders, inflammatory conditions, and chronic ailments. Its use is well documented in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine, where various plant parts are prepared as decoctions, infusions, poultices, or herbal teas. Particular species also hold culinary and cultural significance, reflecting their socio-ethnobotanical importance. This review provides an integrated assessment of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Blumea species, while identifying future research directions. A systematic literature search was conducted using SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (May 2000-October 2025) with the keywords "Blumea," "Phytochemistry," "Pharmacological activity," and "Ethnobotany," supplemented by manual screening for additional studies. Phytochemical investigations reveal that Blumea species are particularly rich in terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids, which contribute to their diverse bioactivities. A total of 148 compounds have been reported, many of which are supported by preclinical studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, wound-healing, and metabolic effects. Promising evidence also supports their potential in diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Additionally, emerging applications include cosmetic formulations, though toxicological evaluations remain limited. Despite this therapeutic promise, challenges such as environmental variability, insufficient clinical validation, and a lack of standardised methodologies hinder translational progress. Overall, the review highlights the medicinal potential of Blumea for systematic isolation of bioactive constituents, mechanistic insights, sustainable utilisation, and translational studies to bridge traditional knowledge with modern drug development.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso led to the isolation and structural elucidation of five previously undescribed compounds, including three alkaloids (1‒3) and two anthraquinones (4 and 5), together with fourteen known ones (6‒19). Structural elucidation was achieved through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses combined with ECD calculations. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that a β-carboline alkaloid (14) exhibited significant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 31.56 μM. Further enzyme kinetic and molecular docking analyses confirmed that compound 14 functioned as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor, with a K_i value of 30.16 ± 0.57 μM.

Camellia petelotii (Merr.) Sealy, commonly known as golden-flower tea, is an endangered yellow-flowering species of the genus Camellia (Theaceae). As a medicine and food homology (MFH) plant, it possesses significant medicinal and edible value. However, because the chemical constituents of C. petelotii have rarely been investigated, its potential medicinal and nutritional benefits remain poorly understood, hindering its further utilization. In this study, a comprehensive phytochemical investigation was conducted on the EtOAc-soluble fraction of a 90% MeOH extract derived from the leaves of C. petelotii, resulting in the isolation and characterization of five previously undescribed (1-5) and 19 known (6-24) compounds. Among these compounds, campetelolides A (1) and B (2) are identified as guaianolides bearing a 2-methyl-2-butenoxyl moiety. Campetelols A (3), B (4), and C (5) are classified as phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ols. The chemical structures and absolute configurations of these metabolites were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques, supported by calculated NMR data, combined with DP4+ analysis, as well as by comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1, 2, and eupachinilide I (6) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing nitric oxide (NO) production, with IC₅₀ values of 5.8, 4.8, and 4.8 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 2 and 3β,11α,12,21β-tetrahydroxy-22-oxours-12-en-24-oic acid methyl ester (7) inhibited ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), exhibiting IC₅₀ values of 11.2 and 9.3 μM, respectively. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of the endangered plant C. petelotii, offering prospects for the discovery of novel bioactive agents while simultaneously emphasizing the importance of its conservation and sustainable utilization.

Marine-derived fungi have emerged as valuable sources of pharmacologically active lead compounds with potent antimicrobial properties. In this study, six previously undescribed bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes (1-6), including a rare 5,6-dihydrobenzoic acid derivative of the bisabolene skeleton (1), along with 18 known compounds (7-24), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the marine fungus Aspergillus sp. WHUF04-170. The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including UV, IR, HRESIMS, and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial potential of the isolated compounds was subsequently evaluated in vitro. Compounds 9, 10, 15, 16, and 19 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against both the standard Helicobacter pylori strain G27 and the multidrug-resistant strain HP159, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 16 to 32 μg/mL. Notably, synergistic antimicrobial assays revealed that compounds 1 and 15 enhanced the activity of amphotericin B against Candida albicans strains, including both standard reference strains (SC5314 and ATCC 10231) and drug-resistant clinical isolates (C5 and C3). Collectively, these findings expand the structural diversity of bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes and highlight their dual antimicrobial potential, offering promising leads for the development of combination therapies against resistant pathogens.

Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), a tumor suppressor protein, is closely associated with ovarian and breast cancers. Previously, cathepsin S (CTSS) was reported to prevent BRCA1-mediated apoptosis, contributing to chemoresistance in TNBC. In this study, we screened the CTSS inhibitory activity of 107 pure compounds derived from plant materials and identified 4-hydroxyderricin (12) from Angelica keiskei as a potent CTSS inhibitor. Compound 12 increased BRCA1 stability in TNBC cells in a CTSS-dependent manner. In an in vivo TNBC xenograft mouse model, combination treatment with paclitaxel and compound 12 significantly increased BRCA1 stability, reduced the final tumor weight, and decreased the number of Ki-67-positive proliferative cells. Our findings suggest that combination therapy with compound 12 can enhance BRCA1 function and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This study highlights CTSS inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC patients with wild-type BRCA1.

Rhododendron species, a globally recognized group of medicinal and edible plants, are known to produce a wide array of meroterpenoid natural products. Among these, daurichromenic acid (7) and its derivatives are widely distributed and exhibit diverse biological activities. However, their low natural abundance in plants and the incomplete elucidation of their biosynthetic pathways have hindered further development and application. Capitachromenic acid D (6), a representative chromene compound formed via successive oxidative transformations of 7, was initially isolated from R. capitatum Maxim. and also shows promising biological potential for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, the heterologous combinatorial biosynthesis of compound 6 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae through the introduction of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the precursor griffolic acid (2) from Fusarium graminearum 1962, A. oryzae, and Stachybotrys sp. g12, along with a cyclase gene from R. dauricum L. In bioactivity assays, compounds 5 and 6 exhibited notable inhibitory activity against the main protease (M^pro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with IC₅₀ values of 16.5 ± 1.3 μM and 10.7 ± 1.6 μM, respectively, highlighting their potential as promising lead compounds for SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitor development.

Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the endolichenic fungus Xylaria sp. LCSS1a resulted in the isolation and identification of 24 natural metabolites. Among them, 15 were known compounds and 9 of them were characterized as previously unreported dearomatized xanthone derivatives with highly oxygenated substituents, which were designated as xylaricins A-I (1-9). The structures and absolute configurations of the previously unreported compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations (¹³C NMR DP4+ analysis, and TDDFT-ECD) and X-ray crystallography. The screening for cytotoxic and antibacterial assays revealed that compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against A549 lung cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 7.5 μM, while to Staphylococcus aureus, the MIC value was 16 μg/mL. Structure-activity relationships highlighted the importance of a conjugated π-system and free phenolic groups for bioactivity observed in this series.