Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04467-2
Vidhi J Sapara, Aishwarya R Shankhapal, Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
Main conclusion: The characterisation of PLA genes in the sorghum genome using in-silico methods revealed their essential roles in cellular processes, providing a foundation for further detailed studies. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the fifth most cultivated crop worldwide, and it is used in many ways, but it has always gained less popularity due to the yield, pest, and environmental constraints. Improving genetic background and developing better varieties is crucial for better sorghum production in semi-arid tropical regions. This study focuses on the phospholipase A (PLA) family within sorghum, comprehensively characterising PLA genes and their expression across different tissues. The investigation identified 32 PLA genes in the sorghum genome, offering insights into their chromosomal localization, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and subcellular distribution through bioinformatics tools. PLA-like family genes are classified into three groups, namely patatin-related phospholipase A (pPLA), phospholipase A1 (PLA1), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In-silico chromosome localization studies revealed that these genes are unevenly distributed in the sorghum genome. Cis-motif analysis revealed the presence of several developmental, tissue and hormone-specific elements in the promoter regions of the PLA genes. Expression studies in different tissues such as leaf, root, seedling, mature seed, immature seed, anther, and pollen showed differential expression patterns. Taken together, genome-wide analysis studies of PLA genes provide a better understanding and critical role of this gene family considering the metabolic processes involved in plant growth, defence and stress response.
{"title":"Genome-wide screening and characterization of phospholipase A (PLA)-like genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.).","authors":"Vidhi J Sapara, Aishwarya R Shankhapal, Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04467-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04467-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The characterisation of PLA genes in the sorghum genome using in-silico methods revealed their essential roles in cellular processes, providing a foundation for further detailed studies. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the fifth most cultivated crop worldwide, and it is used in many ways, but it has always gained less popularity due to the yield, pest, and environmental constraints. Improving genetic background and developing better varieties is crucial for better sorghum production in semi-arid tropical regions. This study focuses on the phospholipase A (PLA) family within sorghum, comprehensively characterising PLA genes and their expression across different tissues. The investigation identified 32 PLA genes in the sorghum genome, offering insights into their chromosomal localization, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and subcellular distribution through bioinformatics tools. PLA-like family genes are classified into three groups, namely patatin-related phospholipase A (pPLA), phospholipase A1 (PLA<sub>1</sub>), and phospholipase A2 (PLA<sub>2</sub>). In-silico chromosome localization studies revealed that these genes are unevenly distributed in the sorghum genome. Cis-motif analysis revealed the presence of several developmental, tissue and hormone-specific elements in the promoter regions of the PLA genes. Expression studies in different tissues such as leaf, root, seedling, mature seed, immature seed, anther, and pollen showed differential expression patterns. Taken together, genome-wide analysis studies of PLA genes provide a better understanding and critical role of this gene family considering the metabolic processes involved in plant growth, defence and stress response.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main conclusion: Knowledge of Ca2+-ATPases is imperative for improving crop quality/ food security, highly threatened due to global warming. Ca2+-ATPases modulates calcium, essential for stress signaling and modulating growth, development, and immune activities. Calcium is considered a versatile secondary messenger and essential for short- and long-term responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Coordinated transport activities from both calcium influx and efflux channels are required to generate cellular calcium signals. Various extracellular stimuli cause an induction in cytosolic calcium levels. To cope with such stresses, it is important to maintain intracellular Ca2+ levels. Plants need to evolve efficient efflux mechanisms to maintain Ca2+ ion homeostasis. Plant Ca2+-ATPases are members of the P-type ATPase superfamily and localized in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They are required for various cellular processes, including plant growth, development, calcium signaling, and even retorts to environmental stress. These ATPases play an essential role in Ca2+ homeostasis and are actively involved in Ca2+ transport. Plant Ca2+-ATPases are categorized into two major classes: type IIA and type IIB. Although these two classes of ATPases share similarities in protein sequence, they differ in their structure, cellular localization, and sensitivity to inhibitors. Due to the emerging role of Ca2+-ATPase in abiotic and biotic plant stress, members of this family may help promote agricultural improvement under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of P-type Ca2+-ATPase, and their role in Ca2+ transport, stress signaling, and cellular homeostasis focusing on their classification, evolution, ion specificities, and catalytic mechanisms. It also describes the main aspects of the role of Ca2+-ATPase in transducing signals during plant biotic and abiotic stress responses and its role in plant development and physiology.
主要结论:由于全球变暖,作物质量和粮食安全受到严重威胁,因此了解 Ca2+-ATPases 对提高作物质量和粮食安全至关重要。Ca2+-ATPases 可调节钙,这对应激信号传递和调节生长、发育及免疫活动至关重要。钙被认为是一种多功能次级信使,对于植物对生物和非生物胁迫的短期和长期反应至关重要。产生细胞钙信号需要钙离子流入和流出通道的协调运输活动。各种细胞外刺激会引起细胞膜钙水平的升高。为了应对这种压力,保持细胞内 Ca2+ 水平非常重要。植物需要进化出高效的外排机制来维持 Ca2+ 离子的平衡。植物 Ca2+ ATP 酶属于 P 型 ATP 酶超家族,定位于质膜和内质网(ER)。各种细胞过程都需要它们,包括植物的生长、发育、钙信号转导,甚至是对环境压力的反应。这些 ATP 酶在 Ca2+ 稳态中发挥着重要作用,并积极参与 Ca2+ 运输。植物 Ca2+ ATP 酶分为两大类:IIA 型和 IIB 型。虽然这两类 ATP 酶在蛋白质序列上有相似之处,但它们在结构、细胞定位和对抑制剂的敏感性上却有所不同。由于 Ca2+-ATP 酶在非生物和生物植物胁迫中的作用日益突出,该家族成员可能有助于促进胁迫条件下的农业改良。本综述全面概述了 P 型 Ca2+-ATPase 及其在 Ca2+ 转运、胁迫信号转导和细胞稳态中的作用,重点介绍了它们的分类、进化、离子特异性和催化机理。它还介绍了 Ca2+-ATPase 在植物生物和非生物胁迫反应过程中传递信号的主要作用,以及它在植物发育和生理学中的作用。
{"title":"P-type calcium ATPases play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress signaling.","authors":"Kumari Chandan, Meenakshi Gupta, Altaf Ahmad, Maryam Sarwat","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04462-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04462-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Knowledge of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPases is imperative for improving crop quality/ food security, highly threatened due to global warming. Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPases modulates calcium, essential for stress signaling and modulating growth, development, and immune activities. Calcium is considered a versatile secondary messenger and essential for short- and long-term responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Coordinated transport activities from both calcium influx and efflux channels are required to generate cellular calcium signals. Various extracellular stimuli cause an induction in cytosolic calcium levels. To cope with such stresses, it is important to maintain intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels. Plants need to evolve efficient efflux mechanisms to maintain Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion homeostasis. Plant Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPases are members of the P-type ATPase superfamily and localized in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They are required for various cellular processes, including plant growth, development, calcium signaling, and even retorts to environmental stress. These ATPases play an essential role in Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis and are actively involved in Ca<sup>2+</sup> transport. Plant Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPases are categorized into two major classes: type IIA and type IIB. Although these two classes of ATPases share similarities in protein sequence, they differ in their structure, cellular localization, and sensitivity to inhibitors. Due to the emerging role of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase in abiotic and biotic plant stress, members of this family may help promote agricultural improvement under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of P-type Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase, and their role in Ca<sup>2+</sup> transport, stress signaling, and cellular homeostasis focusing on their classification, evolution, ion specificities, and catalytic mechanisms. It also describes the main aspects of the role of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase in transducing signals during plant biotic and abiotic stress responses and its role in plant development and physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main conclusion: Integrated management strategies, including novel nematicides and resilient cultivars, offer sustainable solutions to combat root-knot nematodes, crucial for safeguarding global agriculture against persistent threats. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) pose a significant threat to a diverse range of host plants, with their obligatory endoparasitic nature leading to substantial agricultural losses. RKN spend much of their lives inside or in contact by secreting plant cell wall-modifying enzymes resulting in the giant cell development for establishing host-parasite relationships. Additionally, inflicting physical harm to host plants, RKN also contributes to disease complexes creation with fungi and bacteria. This review comprehensively explores the origin, history, distribution, and physiological races of RKN, emphasizing their economic impact on plants through gall formation. Management strategies, ranging from cultural and physical to biological and chemical controls, along with resistance mechanisms and marker-assisted selection, are explored. While recognizing the limitations of traditional nematicides, recent breakthroughs in non-fumigant alternatives like fluensulfone, spirotetramat, and fluopyram offer promising avenues for sustainable RKN management. Despite the success of resistance mechanisms like the Mi gene, challenges persist, prompting the need for integrative approaches to tackle Mi-virulent isolates. In conclusion, the review stresses the importance of innovative and resilient control measures for sustainable agriculture, emphasizing ongoing research to address evolving challenges posed by RKN. The integration of botanicals, resistant cultivars, and biological controls, alongside advancements in non-fumigant nematicides, contributes novel insights to the field, laying the ground work for future research directions to ensure the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the face of persistent RKN threats.
主要结论:包括新型杀线虫剂和抗逆栽培品种在内的综合管理策略为防治根结线虫提供了可持续的解决方案,这对于保护全球农业免受持续威胁至关重要。根结线虫(RKN)对多种寄主植物构成重大威胁,其强制性的内寄生特性导致了巨大的农业损失。根结线虫的大部分时间都生活在寄主植物体内或与寄主植物接触,通过分泌植物细胞壁修饰酶来形成巨大的细胞,从而建立寄主与寄生虫的关系。除了对寄主植物造成物理伤害外,RKN 还会与真菌和细菌一起形成病害复合体。这篇综述全面探讨了 RKN 的起源、历史、分布和生理特征,强调了它们通过形成虫瘿对植物造成的经济影响。文中探讨了从文化和物理防治到生物和化学防治的各种管理策略,以及抗性机制和标记辅助选择。虽然认识到传统杀线虫剂的局限性,但最近在非熏蒸剂替代品方面取得的突破,如氟磺隆、螺虫乙酯和氟虫氨,为可持续的 RKN 管理提供了前景广阔的途径。尽管抗性机制(如 Mi 基因)取得了成功,但挑战依然存在,因此需要采用综合方法来解决 Mi 病毒性分离物的问题。总之,综述强调了创新和弹性控制措施对可持续农业的重要性,并强调了为应对 RKN 带来的不断变化的挑战而正在进行的研究。植物药、抗性栽培品种和生物防治的整合,以及非熏蒸杀线虫剂的进步,为该领域提供了新的见解,为未来的研究方向奠定了基础,以确保农业在面对持续的 RKN 威胁时的长期可持续性。
{"title":"Unraveling the enigma of root-knot nematodes: from origins to advanced management strategies in agriculture.","authors":"Sumit Vashisth, Pankaj Kumar, Vishav Gaurav Singh Chandel, Rakesh Kumar, Subhash Chander Verma, Rajeshwar Singh Chandel","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04464-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04464-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Integrated management strategies, including novel nematicides and resilient cultivars, offer sustainable solutions to combat root-knot nematodes, crucial for safeguarding global agriculture against persistent threats. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) pose a significant threat to a diverse range of host plants, with their obligatory endoparasitic nature leading to substantial agricultural losses. RKN spend much of their lives inside or in contact by secreting plant cell wall-modifying enzymes resulting in the giant cell development for establishing host-parasite relationships. Additionally, inflicting physical harm to host plants, RKN also contributes to disease complexes creation with fungi and bacteria. This review comprehensively explores the origin, history, distribution, and physiological races of RKN, emphasizing their economic impact on plants through gall formation. Management strategies, ranging from cultural and physical to biological and chemical controls, along with resistance mechanisms and marker-assisted selection, are explored. While recognizing the limitations of traditional nematicides, recent breakthroughs in non-fumigant alternatives like fluensulfone, spirotetramat, and fluopyram offer promising avenues for sustainable RKN management. Despite the success of resistance mechanisms like the Mi gene, challenges persist, prompting the need for integrative approaches to tackle Mi-virulent isolates. In conclusion, the review stresses the importance of innovative and resilient control measures for sustainable agriculture, emphasizing ongoing research to address evolving challenges posed by RKN. The integration of botanicals, resistant cultivars, and biological controls, alongside advancements in non-fumigant nematicides, contributes novel insights to the field, laying the ground work for future research directions to ensure the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the face of persistent RKN threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main conclusion: This review article highlights a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial and deleterious impacts on root system architecture (RSA). The root performs a vital function by securing itself in the soil, absorbing and transporting water and nutrients to facilitate plant growth and productivity. In dicots, the architecture of the root system (RSA) is markedly shaped by the development of the primary root and its branches, showcasing considerable adaptability in response to changes in the environment. For promoting agriculture and combating global food hunger, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) may be an exciting option, for which it is essential to understand the behaviour of plants under NPs exposure. The nature of NPs and their physicochemical characteristics play a significant role in the positive/negative response of roots and shoots. Root morphological features, such as root length, root mass and root development features, may regulated positively/negatively by different types of NPs. In addition, application of NPs may also enhance nutrient transport and soil fertility by the promotion of soil microorganisms including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and also soil enzymes. Interestingly the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with rhizospheric bacteria can enhance plant development and soil health. However, some studies also suggested that the increased use of several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may disrupt the equilibrium of the soil-root interface and unsafe morphogenesis by causing the browning of roots and suppressing the growth of root and soil microbes. Thus, this review article has sought to compile a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial or deleterious impacts on RSA.
{"title":"Nanoparticles and root traits: mineral nutrition, stress tolerance and interaction with rhizosphere microbiota.","authors":"Sneha Tripathi, Kavita Tiwari, Shivani Mahra, J Victoria, Shweta Rana, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Shivesh Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04409-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04409-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This review article highlights a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial and deleterious impacts on root system architecture (RSA). The root performs a vital function by securing itself in the soil, absorbing and transporting water and nutrients to facilitate plant growth and productivity. In dicots, the architecture of the root system (RSA) is markedly shaped by the development of the primary root and its branches, showcasing considerable adaptability in response to changes in the environment. For promoting agriculture and combating global food hunger, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) may be an exciting option, for which it is essential to understand the behaviour of plants under NPs exposure. The nature of NPs and their physicochemical characteristics play a significant role in the positive/negative response of roots and shoots. Root morphological features, such as root length, root mass and root development features, may regulated positively/negatively by different types of NPs. In addition, application of NPs may also enhance nutrient transport and soil fertility by the promotion of soil microorganisms including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and also soil enzymes. Interestingly the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with rhizospheric bacteria can enhance plant development and soil health. However, some studies also suggested that the increased use of several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may disrupt the equilibrium of the soil-root interface and unsafe morphogenesis by causing the browning of roots and suppressing the growth of root and soil microbes. Thus, this review article has sought to compile a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial or deleterious impacts on RSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04461-8
Min Zhou, Cheng Huang, Junnan Lin, Yan Yuan, Long Lin, Jianzhen Zhou, Zhou Li
Main conclusion: γ-Aminobutyric acid alleviates acid-aluminum toxicity to roots associated with enhanced antioxidant metabolism as well as accumulation and transportation of citric and malic acids. Aluminum (Al) toxicity has become the main limiting factor for crop growth and development in acidic soils and is further being aggravated worldwide due to continuous industrial pollution. The current study was designed to examine effects of GABA priming on alleviating acid-Al toxicity in terms of root growth, antioxidant defense, citrate and malate metabolisms, and extensive metabolites remodeling in roots under acidic conditions. Thirty-seven-day-old creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) plants were used as test materials. Roots priming with or without 0.5 mM GABA for 3 days were cultivated in standard nutrient solution for 15 days as control or subjected to nutrient solution containing 5 mM AlCl3·6H2O for 15 days as acid-Al stress treatment. Roots were sampled for determinations of root characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters, and metabolomics. GABA priming significantly alleviated acid-Al-induced root growth inhibition and oxidative damage, despite it promoted the accumulation of Al in roots. Analysis of metabolomics showed that GABA priming significantly increased accumulations of organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and other metabolites in roots under acid-Al stress. In addition, GABA priming also significantly up-regulated key genes related to accumulation and transportation of malic and citric acids in roots under acid-Al stress. GABA-regulated metabolites participated in tricarboxylic acid cycle, GABA shunt, antioxidant defense system, and lipid metabolism, which played positive roles in reactive oxygen species scavenging, energy conversion, osmotic adjustment, and Al ion chelation in roots.
{"title":"γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) priming alleviates acid-aluminum toxicity to roots of creeping bentgrass via enhancements in antioxidant defense and organic metabolites remodeling.","authors":"Min Zhou, Cheng Huang, Junnan Lin, Yan Yuan, Long Lin, Jianzhen Zhou, Zhou Li","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04461-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04461-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>γ-Aminobutyric acid alleviates acid-aluminum toxicity to roots associated with enhanced antioxidant metabolism as well as accumulation and transportation of citric and malic acids. Aluminum (Al) toxicity has become the main limiting factor for crop growth and development in acidic soils and is further being aggravated worldwide due to continuous industrial pollution. The current study was designed to examine effects of GABA priming on alleviating acid-Al toxicity in terms of root growth, antioxidant defense, citrate and malate metabolisms, and extensive metabolites remodeling in roots under acidic conditions. Thirty-seven-day-old creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) plants were used as test materials. Roots priming with or without 0.5 mM GABA for 3 days were cultivated in standard nutrient solution for 15 days as control or subjected to nutrient solution containing 5 mM AlCl<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O for 15 days as acid-Al stress treatment. Roots were sampled for determinations of root characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters, and metabolomics. GABA priming significantly alleviated acid-Al-induced root growth inhibition and oxidative damage, despite it promoted the accumulation of Al in roots. Analysis of metabolomics showed that GABA priming significantly increased accumulations of organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and other metabolites in roots under acid-Al stress. In addition, GABA priming also significantly up-regulated key genes related to accumulation and transportation of malic and citric acids in roots under acid-Al stress. GABA-regulated metabolites participated in tricarboxylic acid cycle, GABA shunt, antioxidant defense system, and lipid metabolism, which played positive roles in reactive oxygen species scavenging, energy conversion, osmotic adjustment, and Al ion chelation in roots.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04466-3
Clara Julián, Sabina Villadangos, Laia Jené, Ot Pasques, Marta Pintó-Marijuan, Sergi Munné-Bosch
Main conclusion: By studying Cistus albidus shrubs in their natural habitat, we show that biological outliers can help us to understand the causes and consequences of maximum photochemical efficiency decreases in plants, thus reinforcing the importance of integrating these often-neglected data into scientific practice. Outliers are individuals with exceptional traits that are often excluded of data analysis. However, this may result in very important mistakes not accurately capturing the true trajectory of the population, thereby limiting our understanding of a given biological process. Here, we studied the role of biological outliers in understanding the causes and consequences of maximum photochemical efficiency decreases in plants, using the semi-deciduous shrub C. albidus growing in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem. We assessed interindividual variability in winter, spring and summer maximum PSII photochemical efficiency in a population of C. albidus growing under Mediterranean conditions. A strong correlation was observed between maximum PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio) and leaf water desiccation. While decreases in maximum PSII photochemical efficiency did not result in any damage at the organ level during winter, reductions in the Fv/Fm ratio were associated to leaf mortality during summer. However, all plants could recover after rainfalls, thus maximum PSII photochemical efficiency decreases did not result in an increased mortality at the organism level, despite extreme water deficit and temperatures exceeding 40ºC during the summer. We conclude that, once methodological outliers are excluded, not only biological outliers must not be excluded from data analysis, but focusing on them is crucial to understand the causes and consequences of maximum PSII photochemical efficiency decreases in plants.
{"title":"Biological outliers: essential elements to understand the causes and consequences of reductions in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in plants.","authors":"Clara Julián, Sabina Villadangos, Laia Jené, Ot Pasques, Marta Pintó-Marijuan, Sergi Munné-Bosch","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04466-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04466-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>By studying Cistus albidus shrubs in their natural habitat, we show that biological outliers can help us to understand the causes and consequences of maximum photochemical efficiency decreases in plants, thus reinforcing the importance of integrating these often-neglected data into scientific practice. Outliers are individuals with exceptional traits that are often excluded of data analysis. However, this may result in very important mistakes not accurately capturing the true trajectory of the population, thereby limiting our understanding of a given biological process. Here, we studied the role of biological outliers in understanding the causes and consequences of maximum photochemical efficiency decreases in plants, using the semi-deciduous shrub C. albidus growing in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem. We assessed interindividual variability in winter, spring and summer maximum PSII photochemical efficiency in a population of C. albidus growing under Mediterranean conditions. A strong correlation was observed between maximum PSII photochemical efficiency (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> ratio) and leaf water desiccation. While decreases in maximum PSII photochemical efficiency did not result in any damage at the organ level during winter, reductions in the F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> ratio were associated to leaf mortality during summer. However, all plants could recover after rainfalls, thus maximum PSII photochemical efficiency decreases did not result in an increased mortality at the organism level, despite extreme water deficit and temperatures exceeding 40ºC during the summer. We conclude that, once methodological outliers are excluded, not only biological outliers must not be excluded from data analysis, but focusing on them is crucial to understand the causes and consequences of maximum PSII photochemical efficiency decreases in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04460-9
Angelica Nunes Tiepo, Isabel Duarte Coutinho, Guilherme de Oliveira Machado, Anderson Kikuchi Calzavara, Mariana Fernandes Hertel, José Antonio Pimenta, André Luiz Martinez de Oliveira, Luiz Alberto Colnago, Liliane Marcia Mertz Henning, Halley Caixeta Oliveira, Renata Stolf-Moreira
Deforestation of Atlantic Forest has caused prolonged drought events in the last decades. The need for reforestation is growing, and the development of native seedlings that are more tolerant to drought stress is necessary. A biotechnological tool that improves plant tolerance is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as inoculants. Two species of PGPB were inoculated in drought-stressed seedlings of two neotropical tree species that have been used in environmental restoration programs: Cecropia pachystachya and Cariniana estrellensis. Biometrical, physiological, and metabolomic parameters from carbon and nitrogen pathways were evaluated. We found that the PGPB positively influenced photosynthesis and growth parameters in both trees under drought. The enzymes activities, the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, the amino acids, and protein contents were also influenced by the PGPB treatments. The results allowed us to find the specific composition of secondary metabolites of each plant species. This study provides evidence that there is not a single mechanism involved in drought tolerance and that the inoculation with PGPB promotes a broad-spectrum tolerance response in Neotropical trees. The inoculation with PGPB appears as an important strategy to improve drought tolerance in Atlantic Forest native trees and enhance environmental restoration programs' success. MAIN CONCLUSION: The association with plant growth-promoting bacteria improved the tolerance to drought in Neotropical trees through biochemical, physiological, and biometrical parameters. This can enhance the success of forest restoration programs.
{"title":"Influence of plant growth-promoting bacteria on leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism of two drought-stressed neotropical tree species: a metabolomic approach.","authors":"Angelica Nunes Tiepo, Isabel Duarte Coutinho, Guilherme de Oliveira Machado, Anderson Kikuchi Calzavara, Mariana Fernandes Hertel, José Antonio Pimenta, André Luiz Martinez de Oliveira, Luiz Alberto Colnago, Liliane Marcia Mertz Henning, Halley Caixeta Oliveira, Renata Stolf-Moreira","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04460-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04460-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deforestation of Atlantic Forest has caused prolonged drought events in the last decades. The need for reforestation is growing, and the development of native seedlings that are more tolerant to drought stress is necessary. A biotechnological tool that improves plant tolerance is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as inoculants. Two species of PGPB were inoculated in drought-stressed seedlings of two neotropical tree species that have been used in environmental restoration programs: Cecropia pachystachya and Cariniana estrellensis. Biometrical, physiological, and metabolomic parameters from carbon and nitrogen pathways were evaluated. We found that the PGPB positively influenced photosynthesis and growth parameters in both trees under drought. The enzymes activities, the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, the amino acids, and protein contents were also influenced by the PGPB treatments. The results allowed us to find the specific composition of secondary metabolites of each plant species. This study provides evidence that there is not a single mechanism involved in drought tolerance and that the inoculation with PGPB promotes a broad-spectrum tolerance response in Neotropical trees. The inoculation with PGPB appears as an important strategy to improve drought tolerance in Atlantic Forest native trees and enhance environmental restoration programs' success. MAIN CONCLUSION: The association with plant growth-promoting bacteria improved the tolerance to drought in Neotropical trees through biochemical, physiological, and biometrical parameters. This can enhance the success of forest restoration programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04463-6
Dandan Li, Longjiang Fan, Qingyao Shu, Fu Guo
Main conclusion: Ectopic expression of OsWOX9A induces narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves with larger bulliform cells and fewer large veins, probably through regulating the expression of auxin-related and expansin genes. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a pivotal role in plant development by regulating genes involved in various aspects of growth and differentiation. OsWOX9A (DWT1) has been linked to tiller growth, uniform plant growth, and flower meristem activity. However, its impact on leaf growth and development in rice has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the biological role of OsWOX9A in rice growth and development using transgenic plants. Overexpression of OsWOX9A conferred narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves and altered plant architecture. These plants exhibited larger bulliform cells and fewer larger veins compared to wild-type plants. OsWOX9A overexpression also reduced plant height, tiller number, and seed-setting rate. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed several differentially expressed auxin-related and expansin genes in OsWOX9A overexpressing plants, consistent with their roles in leaf and plant development. These results indicate that the ectopic expression of OsWOX9A may have multiple effects on the development and growth of rice, providing a more comprehensive picture of how the WOX9 subfamily contributes to leaf development and plant architecture.
{"title":"Ectopic expression of OsWOX9A alters leaf anatomy and plant architecture in rice.","authors":"Dandan Li, Longjiang Fan, Qingyao Shu, Fu Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04463-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04463-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Ectopic expression of OsWOX9A induces narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves with larger bulliform cells and fewer large veins, probably through regulating the expression of auxin-related and expansin genes. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a pivotal role in plant development by regulating genes involved in various aspects of growth and differentiation. OsWOX9A (DWT1) has been linked to tiller growth, uniform plant growth, and flower meristem activity. However, its impact on leaf growth and development in rice has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the biological role of OsWOX9A in rice growth and development using transgenic plants. Overexpression of OsWOX9A conferred narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves and altered plant architecture. These plants exhibited larger bulliform cells and fewer larger veins compared to wild-type plants. OsWOX9A overexpression also reduced plant height, tiller number, and seed-setting rate. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed several differentially expressed auxin-related and expansin genes in OsWOX9A overexpressing plants, consistent with their roles in leaf and plant development. These results indicate that the ectopic expression of OsWOX9A may have multiple effects on the development and growth of rice, providing a more comprehensive picture of how the WOX9 subfamily contributes to leaf development and plant architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04427-w
Shaik Sha Valli Khan Patan, Suneetha Vallepu, Khader Basha Shaik, Naseem Shaik, Nanja Reddy Yellodu Adi Reddy, Randall G Terry, Kjell Sergeant, Jean François Hausman
Main conclusion: The review discusses growth and drought-response mechanisms in minor millets under three themes: drought escape, drought avoidance and drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses impacting plant growth, performance, and productivity. In the context of climate change, the prevalence and severity of drought is expected to increase in many agricultural regions worldwide. Millets (coarse grains) are a group of small-seeded grasses cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions throughout the world and are an important source of food and feed for humans and livestock. Although minor millets, i.e., foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and little millet are generally hardier and more drought-resistant than cereals and major millets (sorghum and pearl millet), understanding their responses, processes and strategies in response to drought is more limited. Here, we review drought resistance strategies in minor millets under three themes: drought escape (e.g., short crop cycle, short vegetative period, developmental plasticity and remobilization of assimilates), drought avoidance (e.g., root traits for better water absorption and leaf traits to control water loss), and drought tolerance (e.g., osmotic adjustment, maintenance of photosynthetic ability and antioxidant potential). Data from 'omics' studies are summarized to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms important in drought tolerance. In addition, the final section highlights knowledge gaps and challenges to improving minor millets. This review is intended to enhance major cereals and millet per se in light of climate-related increases in aridity.
{"title":"Drought resistance strategies in minor millets: a review.","authors":"Shaik Sha Valli Khan Patan, Suneetha Vallepu, Khader Basha Shaik, Naseem Shaik, Nanja Reddy Yellodu Adi Reddy, Randall G Terry, Kjell Sergeant, Jean François Hausman","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04427-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04427-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The review discusses growth and drought-response mechanisms in minor millets under three themes: drought escape, drought avoidance and drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses impacting plant growth, performance, and productivity. In the context of climate change, the prevalence and severity of drought is expected to increase in many agricultural regions worldwide. Millets (coarse grains) are a group of small-seeded grasses cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions throughout the world and are an important source of food and feed for humans and livestock. Although minor millets, i.e., foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and little millet are generally hardier and more drought-resistant than cereals and major millets (sorghum and pearl millet), understanding their responses, processes and strategies in response to drought is more limited. Here, we review drought resistance strategies in minor millets under three themes: drought escape (e.g., short crop cycle, short vegetative period, developmental plasticity and remobilization of assimilates), drought avoidance (e.g., root traits for better water absorption and leaf traits to control water loss), and drought tolerance (e.g., osmotic adjustment, maintenance of photosynthetic ability and antioxidant potential). Data from 'omics' studies are summarized to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms important in drought tolerance. In addition, the final section highlights knowledge gaps and challenges to improving minor millets. This review is intended to enhance major cereals and millet per se in light of climate-related increases in aridity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-15DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04456-5
Carolina Müller, Nicolás Budnik, Federico Gabriel Mirkin, Catalina Francisca Vater, Fernando Félix Bravo-Almonacid, Carolina Perez-Castro, Sonia Alejandra Wirth, María Eugenia Segretin
Main conclusion: We generated transplastomic tobacco lines that stably express a human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (hFGFb) in their chloroplasts stroma and purified a biologically active recombinant hFGFb. MAIN: The use of plants as biofactories presents as an attractive technology with the potential to efficiently produce high-value human recombinant proteins in a cost-effective manner. Plastid genome transformation stands out for its possibility to accumulate recombinant proteins at elevated levels. Of particular interest are recombinant growth factors, given their applications in animal cell culture and regenerative medicine. In this study, we produced recombinant human Fibroblast Growth Factor (rhFGFb), a crucial protein required for animal cell culture, in tobacco chloroplasts. We successfully generated two independent transplastomic lines that are homoplasmic and accumulate rhFGFb in their leaves. Furthermore, the produced rhFGFb demonstrated its biological activity by inducing proliferation in HEK293T cell lines. These results collectively underscore plastid genome transformation as a promising plant-based bioreactor for rhFGFb production.
{"title":"Production of biologically active human basic fibroblast growth factor (hFGFb) using Nicotiana tabacum transplastomic plants.","authors":"Carolina Müller, Nicolás Budnik, Federico Gabriel Mirkin, Catalina Francisca Vater, Fernando Félix Bravo-Almonacid, Carolina Perez-Castro, Sonia Alejandra Wirth, María Eugenia Segretin","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04456-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04456-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>We generated transplastomic tobacco lines that stably express a human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (hFGFb) in their chloroplasts stroma and purified a biologically active recombinant hFGFb. MAIN: The use of plants as biofactories presents as an attractive technology with the potential to efficiently produce high-value human recombinant proteins in a cost-effective manner. Plastid genome transformation stands out for its possibility to accumulate recombinant proteins at elevated levels. Of particular interest are recombinant growth factors, given their applications in animal cell culture and regenerative medicine. In this study, we produced recombinant human Fibroblast Growth Factor (rhFGFb), a crucial protein required for animal cell culture, in tobacco chloroplasts. We successfully generated two independent transplastomic lines that are homoplasmic and accumulate rhFGFb in their leaves. Furthermore, the produced rhFGFb demonstrated its biological activity by inducing proliferation in HEK293T cell lines. These results collectively underscore plastid genome transformation as a promising plant-based bioreactor for rhFGFb production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}