Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2023.029853
Xin Pan, Ya Gao, Fang Zeng, Chunmei Zheng, Wenxuan Ge, Yan Wan, Yanxia Sun, Xiaoyong Wu
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) will have a serious effect both on the yield and quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). It is crucial to select and breed quinoa varieties with PHS resistance and excellent agronomic traits for guidance production and utilization of quinoa. A comprehensive evaluation of the PHS resistance and agronomic traits of 37 species of quinoa resources was conducted in Chengdu Plain. The evaluation used various methods, including grain germination rate (GR), grain germination index (GI), total spike germination rate (SR), total grain germination index (SI), grey correlation analysis (GCA), cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Results showed significant differences in PHS resistance and agronomic traits amongst the 37 quinoa resources. CDU-23 was most resistant to PHS within 24 h, with a germination rate of 2.67% and 0% according to the GR and SR results, respectively. However, in the same time, CDU-31 showed the maximum susceptibility to PHS based on the SR of 31.07%, while CDU-34 was the most sensitive to PHS according to the GR of 100%. The comprehensive evaluation identified one and nine kinds of high resistance species for grain and whole spike germination, respectively. In both cases, the coefficients of variation (CV) for these parameters were 34.78% and 82.13%, respectively. GCA results showed that the magnitude of the association between each trait and yield in the thirty-seven quinoa resources was in the following order: thousand grain weight > seed length > seed area > seed width. Although the seed weight of CDU-18 reached 3.7010 g, the seed weight of CDU-5 was only 1.6030 g. However, the size of the seeds, their width and area did not correlate with their 1000-grain weight. There was a complex correlation between PHS resistance index and agronomic traits. Based on clustering analysis, thirty-seven quinoa resources were classified into three taxa. It was found that various taxa differed in PHS resistance and agronomic traits. Several comparisons of the aggregated data led to the selection of five varieties of quinoa, of which CDU-2 presented excellent agronomic qualities and strong PHS resistance. This study has provided a reference for breeding excellent quinoa varieties with PHS resistance.
{"title":"Evaluation of Pre-Harvest Sprouting (PHS) Resistance and Screening of High-Quality Varieties from Thirty-Seven Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Resources in Chengdu Plain","authors":"Xin Pan, Ya Gao, Fang Zeng, Chunmei Zheng, Wenxuan Ge, Yan Wan, Yanxia Sun, Xiaoyong Wu","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.029853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.029853","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) will have a serious effect both on the yield and quality of quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.). It is crucial to select and breed quinoa varieties with PHS resistance and excellent agronomic traits for guidance production and utilization of quinoa. A comprehensive evaluation of the PHS resistance and agronomic traits of 37 species of quinoa resources was conducted in Chengdu Plain. The evaluation used various methods, including grain germination rate (GR), grain germination index (GI), total spike germination rate (SR), total grain germination index (SI), grey correlation analysis (GCA), cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Results showed significant differences in PHS resistance and agronomic traits amongst the 37 quinoa resources. CDU-23 was most resistant to PHS within 24 h, with a germination rate of 2.67% and 0% according to the GR and SR results, respectively. However, in the same time, CDU-31 showed the maximum susceptibility to PHS based on the SR of 31.07%, while CDU-34 was the most sensitive to PHS according to the GR of 100%. The comprehensive evaluation identified one and nine kinds of high resistance species for grain and whole spike germination, respectively. In both cases, the coefficients of variation (CV) for these parameters were 34.78% and 82.13%, respectively. GCA results showed that the magnitude of the association between each trait and yield in the thirty-seven quinoa resources was in the following order: thousand grain weight > seed length > seed area > seed width. Although the seed weight of CDU-18 reached 3.7010 g, the seed weight of CDU-5 was only 1.6030 g. However, the size of the seeds, their width and area did not correlate with their 1000-grain weight. There was a complex correlation between PHS resistance index and agronomic traits. Based on clustering analysis, thirty-seven quinoa resources were classified into three taxa. It was found that various taxa differed in PHS resistance and agronomic traits. Several comparisons of the aggregated data led to the selection of five varieties of quinoa, of which CDU-2 presented excellent agronomic qualities and strong PHS resistance. This study has provided a reference for breeding excellent quinoa varieties with PHS resistance.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2023.028818
Zhipeng Sheng, Jiasong Meng, Jun Tao, Daqiu Zhao
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a traditional Chinese flower, which prefers cool weather. However, high temperature in summer in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River restricts its growth and development. In this study, osmotic regulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthetic characteristics of tree peony in response to high-temperature stress were investigated. The results showed that high-temperature stress had destroyed the cell membrane, manifested as the increased relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. Moreover, high-temperature stress led to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby, activating antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters directly reflected the damage to the photosystem II reflection center under high-temperature stress. In addition, high-temperature stress led to stomatal closure and chloroplast damage. This study revealed the physiological responses of tree peony to high-temperature stress, laying a foundation for the promotion of tree peony in high-temperature areas and the improvement of high-temperature resistance.
{"title":"Osmotic Regulation, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tree Peony ( Andr.) in Response to High-Temperature Stress","authors":"Zhipeng Sheng, Jiasong Meng, Jun Tao, Daqiu Zhao","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.028818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.028818","url":null,"abstract":"Tree peony (<i>Paeonia suffruticosa</i> Andr.) is a traditional Chinese flower, which prefers cool weather. However, high temperature in summer in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River restricts its growth and development. In this study, osmotic regulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthetic characteristics of tree peony in response to high-temperature stress were investigated. The results showed that high-temperature stress had destroyed the cell membrane, manifested as the increased relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. Moreover, high-temperature stress led to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby, activating antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters directly reflected the damage to the photosystem II reflection center under high-temperature stress. In addition, high-temperature stress led to stomatal closure and chloroplast damage. This study revealed the physiological responses of tree peony to high-temperature stress, laying a foundation for the promotion of tree peony in high-temperature areas and the improvement of high-temperature resistance.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of Quercus variabilis roots, and to explore the physiological role of endogenous hormones in regulating root-crown interactions in the short term. The morphological characteristics and endogenous hormone contents of normal roots (no root cutting, CK) and cut roots (cut by 1/3 of the length of the main root, RP) were determined by liquid chromatography, which was combined with mass spectrometry at different levels of different developmental stages. The results showed that the root growth indexes and root endogenous hormones in the RP group were superior to those in the CK group. Through comprehensive analysis of endogenous hormones, it was found that the crosstalk of IAA, JA, ABA and SA could activate the root growth defense. After the root cutting treatment, the root growth of Quercus variabilis seedlings could compensate for the inhibition of taproot growth by promoting lateral root growth. The growth and development of compensatory lateral roots contribute to the increase the total root length of plants, thus promoting the absorption of water and nutrients. It is speculated that plant hormones may be the key factors affecting their development, but this is not only related to the content of a single hormone, but more importantly, it is the interaction between various hormones.
{"title":"Effects of Root Cutting on Morphological Characteristics and Endogenous Hormone Levels of Quercus variabilis Seedlings","authors":"Ruoyi Ni, Hao Dou, Shuwen Bi, Tiantian Wang, Jin’e Quan, Xitian Yang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030689","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of <i>Quercus variabilis</i> roots, and to explore the physiological role of endogenous hormones in regulating root-crown interactions in the short term. The morphological characteristics and endogenous hormone contents of normal roots (no root cutting, CK) and cut roots (cut by 1/3 of the length of the main root, RP) were determined by liquid chromatography, which was combined with mass spectrometry at different levels of different developmental stages. The results showed that the root growth indexes and root endogenous hormones in the RP group were superior to those in the CK group. Through comprehensive analysis of endogenous hormones, it was found that the crosstalk of IAA, JA, ABA and SA could activate the root growth defense. After the root cutting treatment, the root growth of <i>Quercus variabilis</i> seedlings could compensate for the inhibition of taproot growth by promoting lateral root growth. The growth and development of compensatory lateral roots contribute to the increase the total root length of plants, thus promoting the absorption of water and nutrients. It is speculated that plant hormones may be the key factors affecting their development, but this is not only related to the content of a single hormone, but more importantly, it is the interaction between various hormones.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2023.043803
Lei Wang, Runying Wang, Yi Li, Yichen Zhao, Degang Zhao
Adventitious root formation poses a major constraint on the tissue culture and genetic transformation of Eucommia ulmoides. Micrografting offers a new method for the transplantation of genetic transformation, and its success depends on the formation of graft unions. This study used transgenic rootless test-tube seedlings as scions and seedlings from seed as rootstocks during micrografting to avoid the rooting issues that occur during tissue culture and to investigate the role of the EuEG1 gene in the graft healing process. We found that the EuEG1 gene is a vital regulator of graft, and its overexpression contributes to the survival of Eucommia ulmoides micrografting. The EuEG1 gene transgenic plants (TP) used as scions for micrografting presented a significantly higher survival rate than the wild type (WT) and empty vector (EV) regenerated scions. During the grafting healing process, the expression of the EuEG1 gene was higher during the period of callus proliferation, suggesting that the EuEG1 gene was involved in the graft healing process. Histological observation revealed that more calluses tissue appeared at the junction of transgenic scions, and the connection with the rootstock was stronger, which benefits wound healing. These results provide new insights into Eucommia ulmoides micrografting and indicate that the EuEG1 gene can promote wound healing and improve the micrografting survival rate.
{"title":"Overexpression of β-1,4-Glucanase Gene EuEG1 Improves Micrografting of Eucommia ulmoides","authors":"Lei Wang, Runying Wang, Yi Li, Yichen Zhao, Degang Zhao","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.043803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.043803","url":null,"abstract":"Adventitious root formation poses a major constraint on the tissue culture and genetic transformation of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i>. Micrografting offers a new method for the transplantation of genetic transformation, and its success depends on the formation of graft unions. This study used transgenic rootless test-tube seedlings as scions and seedlings from seed as rootstocks during micrografting to avoid the rooting issues that occur during tissue culture and to investigate the role of the <i>EuEG1</i> gene in the graft healing process. We found that the <i>EuEG1</i> gene is a vital regulator of graft, and its overexpression contributes to the survival of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> micrografting. The <i>EuEG1</i> gene transgenic plants (TP) used as scions for micrografting presented a significantly higher survival rate than the wild type (WT) and empty vector (EV) regenerated scions. During the grafting healing process, the expression of the <i>EuEG1</i> gene was higher during the period of callus proliferation, suggesting that the <i>EuEG1</i> gene was involved in the graft healing process. Histological observation revealed that more calluses tissue appeared at the junction of transgenic scions, and the connection with the rootstock was stronger, which benefits wound healing. These results provide new insights into <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> micrografting and indicate that the <i>EuEG1</i> gene can promote wound healing and improve the micrografting survival rate.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2023.030921
Shugufta Parveen, Fayaz A. Mohiddin, M. Ashraf Bhat, Zahoor Ahmed Baba, Fehim Jeelani, M. Anwar Bhat, Sajad Un Nabi, Burhan Hamid, Saba Bandey, Farhanaz Rasool, Zakir Amin, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Muhammad Adnan, Ayman El Sabagh
One hundred twenty-five endophytic microorganisms were isolated from the roots, stems, and leaves of four prominent rice cultivars growing in temperate regions. Their potential to combat rice blast disease and promote plant growth was investigated. The dual culture tests highlighted the strong antagonistic activity of five fungal (ranging from 89%–70%) and five bacterial (72%–61%) endophytes. Subsequent examination focused on volatile compounds produced by selected isolates to counter the blast pathogen. Among these, the highest chitinase (13.76 µg mL−1) and siderophore (56.64%), was exhibited by Aspergillus flavus, and the highest HCN production was shown by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (36.15 µM mL−1). In terms of growth promotion traits, Aspergillus flavus and Enterobacter cloacae excelled in activities viz, phosphorous solubilization, ammonia production, auxin and gibberellic acid production, and nitrogen fixation. The Identity of these endophytes was confirmed through molecular analysis as Trichoderma afroharzianum, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium rubens, Aspergillus flavus, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacillus licheniformis. Under greenhouse conditions, the highest disease control was shown by isolate Bacillus licheniformis and A. flavus with an inhibition of 79%, followed by S. rhizophila (77%) and T. afroharzianum (73%). The overall results of this study showed that Bacillus licheniformis and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila have great potential to be used as bio-stimulant and biocontrol agents to manage rice blast disease.
{"title":"Characterization of Endophytic Microorganisms of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Potentials for Blast Disease Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promoting Agents","authors":"Shugufta Parveen, Fayaz A. Mohiddin, M. Ashraf Bhat, Zahoor Ahmed Baba, Fehim Jeelani, M. Anwar Bhat, Sajad Un Nabi, Burhan Hamid, Saba Bandey, Farhanaz Rasool, Zakir Amin, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Muhammad Adnan, Ayman El Sabagh","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030921","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred twenty-five endophytic microorganisms were isolated from the roots, stems, and leaves of four prominent rice cultivars growing in temperate regions. Their potential to combat rice blast disease and promote plant growth was investigated. The dual culture tests highlighted the strong antagonistic activity of five fungal (ranging from 89%–70%) and five bacterial (72%–61%) endophytes. Subsequent examination focused on volatile compounds produced by selected isolates to counter the blast pathogen. Among these, the highest chitinase (13.76 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>) and siderophore (56.64%), was exhibited by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, and the highest HCN production was shown by <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> (36.15 µM mL<sup>−1</sup>). In terms of growth promotion traits, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> excelled in activities viz, phosphorous solubilization, ammonia production, auxin and gibberellic acid production, and nitrogen fixation. The Identity of these endophytes was confirmed through molecular analysis as Trichoderma afroharzianum, <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>, <i>Penicillium rubens</i>, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas rhizophila</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, and <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>. Under greenhouse conditions, the highest disease control was shown by isolate <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> and <i>A. flavus</i> with an inhibition of 79%, followed by <i>S. rhizophila</i> (77%) and <i>T. afroharzianum</i> (73%). The overall results of this study showed that <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas rhizophila</i> have great potential to be used as bio-stimulant and biocontrol agents to manage rice blast disease.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a dual-purpose medicinal and food crop grown for its high contents of functional compounds and abundant nutrients. Although studies have shown the differences of total flavonoid content in Tartary buckwheat at different ploidy levels, the composition of flavonoid and its regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, the leaf metabolome and transcriptome of diploid and tetraploid accessions of Tartary buckwheat were analyzed to gain insight into the impact of polyploidization on comparative secondary metabolite composition and molecular regulatory mechanism. Based on a widely targeted metabolomics analysis, a total of 792 metabolites were identified, including 127 flavonoids. The accumulation of 127 metabolites and expression of 3871 genes differed significantly between diploid and tetraploid Tartary buckwheat. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that chromosome doubling up-regulated the expression of upstream genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to promote the accumulation of flavonoids. The present results contribute to elucidation of the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation associated with polyploidy in Tartary buckwheat. The findings provide a reference for further studies on phenotypic traits in polyploid Tartary buckwheat, the cloning of crucial regulatory genes, and utilization of genetic engineering technologies in the breeding of Tartary buckwheat.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome in Leaves of Diploid and Tetraploid Fagopyrum tataricum","authors":"Xiaodong Shi, Yue Qi, Liangzhu Lin, Jia Wang, Xiaobo Qin, Bei Niu","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.027324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.027324","url":null,"abstract":"Tartary buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i>) is a dual-purpose medicinal and food crop grown for its high contents of functional compounds and abundant nutrients. Although studies have shown the differences of total flavonoid content in Tartary buckwheat at different ploidy levels, the composition of flavonoid and its regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, the leaf metabolome and transcriptome of diploid and tetraploid accessions of Tartary buckwheat were analyzed to gain insight into the impact of polyploidization on comparative secondary metabolite composition and molecular regulatory mechanism. Based on a widely targeted metabolomics analysis, a total of 792 metabolites were identified, including 127 flavonoids. The accumulation of 127 metabolites and expression of 3871 genes differed significantly between diploid and tetraploid Tartary buckwheat. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that chromosome doubling up-regulated the expression of upstream genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to promote the accumulation of flavonoids. The present results contribute to elucidation of the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation associated with polyploidy in Tartary buckwheat. The findings provide a reference for further studies on phenotypic traits in polyploid Tartary buckwheat, the cloning of crucial regulatory genes, and utilization of genetic engineering technologies in the breeding of Tartary buckwheat.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2023.030912
Lulu Zhi, Xiangyang Hu
Plant regeneration is a self-repair of the plant body in response to adverse conditions or damaged structures, and root regeneration allows the plant body to better adapt to its environment by supplementing the roots’ structure. Previous research has shown that adventitious roots can be made to occur from scratch in two ways. Studies that simulate adventitious root regeneration through natural conditions allow the regeneration process to be broadly divided into three stages: the perception of early signals, the massive accumulation of auxin, and the transformation of cell fate. The strength of regeneration, in turn, is influenced by wounding, stress, hormones, etc. This study mainly reviews the molecular mechanisms of de novo adventitious roots and discusses how the environment, hormones, and its own development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
{"title":"Adventitious Root Regeneration: Molecular Basis and Influencing Factors","authors":"Lulu Zhi, Xiangyang Hu","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030912","url":null,"abstract":"Plant regeneration is a self-repair of the plant body in response to adverse conditions or damaged structures, and root regeneration allows the plant body to better adapt to its environment by supplementing the roots’ structure. Previous research has shown that adventitious roots can be made to occur from scratch in two ways. Studies that simulate adventitious root regeneration through natural conditions allow the regeneration process to be broadly divided into three stages: the perception of early signals, the massive accumulation of auxin, and the transformation of cell fate. The strength of regeneration, in turn, is influenced by wounding, stress, hormones, etc. This study mainly reviews the molecular mechanisms of <i>de novo</i> adventitious roots and discusses how the environment, hormones, and its own development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to enzymatic browning after fresh processing, resulting in color change and potential alteration in the nutritional quality. In this study, a popular potato cultivar, Feiwuruita, was used to profile the metabolites involved in color and nutritional quality changes in fresh shreds stored at 0 and 4 h at 25°C (designated CK and CK4H, respectively). The shreds turned brown within 4 h of storage. In all, 723 metabolites consisting 12 classes of compounds were detected in the samples, largely lipids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, amino acids and derivatives, flavonoids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives. Of these, 163 metabolites accumulated differentially between CK and CK4H shreds. Polyphenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) mostly increased in the shreds after 4 h storage. Conversely, the short-term storage drastically reduced lipid compounds (25 LysoPC and 19 LysoPE), while essential alkaloids and terpenoid compounds that are beneficial to human health increased in accumulation. The findings present global metabolome and nutritional composition changes in short-term stored shreds of Feiwuruita. This study provides important foundation for future studies on browning prevention/reduction and for better utilization of Feiwuruita.
{"title":"Widely Untargeted Metabolome Profiling Provides Insight into Browning and Nutritional Quality Changes in Short-Term Stored Fresh-Cut Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Shreds","authors":"Liping Hong, Enming He, Wenhui Zhang, Mingqiong Zheng, Jingwen Wu, Wenhua Wang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030928","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) is susceptible to enzymatic browning after fresh processing, resulting in color change and potential alteration in the nutritional quality. In this study, a popular potato cultivar, Feiwuruita, was used to profile the metabolites involved in color and nutritional quality changes in fresh shreds stored at 0 and 4 h at 25°C (designated CK and CK4H, respectively). The shreds turned brown within 4 h of storage. In all, 723 metabolites consisting 12 classes of compounds were detected in the samples, largely lipids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, amino acids and derivatives, flavonoids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives. Of these, 163 metabolites accumulated differentially between CK and CK4H shreds. Polyphenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) mostly increased in the shreds after 4 h storage. Conversely, the short-term storage drastically reduced lipid compounds (25 LysoPC and 19 LysoPE), while essential alkaloids and terpenoid compounds that are beneficial to human health increased in accumulation. The findings present global metabolome and nutritional composition changes in short-term stored shreds of Feiwuruita. This study provides important foundation for future studies on browning prevention/reduction and for better utilization of Feiwuruita.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenotype of a common bean plant is often closely related to its yield, and the yield of plants with reduced height or poor stem development during growth is low. Mutants serve as an essential gene resource for common bean breeding genetic research. Although model plants and crops are studied to comprehend the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of plant phenotypes, the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation in common beans remains underexplored. We here used the mutant ‘nts’ as material for transcriptome sequencing analysis. This mutant was obtained through 60Co-γ irradiation from the common bean variety ‘A18’. Differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in GO functional entries such as cell wall organization, auxin response and transcription factor activity. Metabolic pathways significantly enriched in KEGG analysis included plant hormone signal transduction pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, and fructose and mannose metabolic pathways. AUX1 (Phvul.001G241500), the gene responsible for auxin transport, may be the key gene for auxin content inhibition. In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, AUX1 expression was downregulated and auxin transport across the membrane was blocked, resulting in stunted growth of the mutant ‘nts’. The results provide important clues for revealing the molecular mechanism of ‘nts’ phenotype regulation in bean mutants and offer basic materials for breeding beneficial phenotypes of bean varieties.
{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Phenotypic Variation in Phaseolus vulgaris Mutant ‘nts’","authors":"Limin Yin, Chang Liu, Zicong Liang, Dajun Liu, Guojun Feng, Zhishan Yan, Xiaoxu Yang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.043151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.043151","url":null,"abstract":"The phenotype of a common bean plant is often closely related to its yield, and the yield of plants with reduced height or poor stem development during growth is low. Mutants serve as an essential gene resource for common bean breeding genetic research. Although model plants and crops are studied to comprehend the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of plant phenotypes, the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation in common beans remains underexplored. We here used the mutant ‘nts’ as material for transcriptome sequencing analysis. This mutant was obtained through <sup>60</sup>Co-γ irradiation from the common bean variety ‘A18’. Differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in GO functional entries such as cell wall organization, auxin response and transcription factor activity. Metabolic pathways significantly enriched in KEGG analysis included plant hormone signal transduction pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, and fructose and mannose metabolic pathways. <i>AUX1</i> (<i>Phvul.001G241500</i>), the gene responsible for auxin transport, may be the key gene for auxin content inhibition. In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, <i>AUX1</i> expression was downregulated and auxin transport across the membrane was blocked, resulting in stunted growth of the mutant ‘nts’. The results provide important clues for revealing the molecular mechanism of ‘nts’ phenotype regulation in bean mutants and offer basic materials for breeding beneficial phenotypes of bean varieties.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2023.031175
Lanjun Li, Degang Zhao
Various strains of powdery mildew (PM), a notorious plant fungal disease, are prevalent and pose a significant threat to plant health. To control PM, transgenic technology can be used to cultivate more resistant plant varieties. In the present study, we utilized the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of the EuCHIT30.7 gene to explore plant genes with disease resistance functions. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this gene belongs to the GH18 family and is classified as a class III chitinase. The EuCHIT30.7 gene is expressed throughout the Eucommia ulmoides plant, with the most abundant expression in male flowers. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the protein encoded by this gene was detected within both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Upon PM inoculation, overexpression of EuCHIT30.7 in tobacco plants led to a significantly reduced relative lesion area and a decreased spore count compared to both wild-type and empty vector control plants. Activities of the protective enzymes, namely, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalaninammo-nialyase (PAL), in tobacco plants overexpressing EuCHIT30.7 were significantly greater than those in wild-type and empty vector tobacco plants. Furthermore, the rate of increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in tobacco plants expressing EuCHIT30.7 compared to control tobacco plants. In EuCHIT30.7 transgenic tobacco, the expression of pathogen-related protein genes, namely, PR2, PR5, PR1a, PDF1.2, and MLP423, along with the tobacco PM negative regulatory gene, MLO2, were significantly higher compared to control tobacco plants. These findings suggested that EuCHIT30.7 significantly enhances the resistance of tobacco to PM.
{"title":"Ectopic Overexpression of EuCHIT30.7 Improves Nicotiana tabacum Resistance to Powdery Mildew","authors":"Lanjun Li, Degang Zhao","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.031175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.031175","url":null,"abstract":"Various strains of powdery mildew (PM), a notorious plant fungal disease, are prevalent and pose a significant threat to plant health. To control PM, transgenic technology can be used to cultivate more resistant plant varieties. In the present study, we utilized the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of the <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> gene to explore plant genes with disease resistance functions. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this gene belongs to the GH18 family and is classified as a class III chitinase. The <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> gene is expressed throughout the <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> plant, with the most abundant expression in male flowers. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the protein encoded by this gene was detected within both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Upon PM inoculation, overexpression of <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> in tobacco plants led to a significantly reduced relative lesion area and a decreased spore count compared to both wild-type and empty vector control plants. Activities of the protective enzymes, namely, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalaninammo-nialyase (PAL), in tobacco plants overexpressing <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> were significantly greater than those in wild-type and empty vector tobacco plants. Furthermore, the rate of increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in tobacco plants expressing <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> compared to control tobacco plants. In <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> transgenic tobacco, the expression of pathogen-related protein genes, namely, <i>PR2</i>, <i>PR5</i>, <i>PR1a</i>, <i>PDF1</i>.2, and <i>MLP423</i>, along with the tobacco PM negative regulatory gene, <i>MLO2</i>, were significantly higher compared to control tobacco plants. These findings suggested that <i>EuCHIT30</i>.7 significantly enhances the resistance of tobacco to PM.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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