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Spatial distribution and population !uctuation of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) in rose crops 玫瑰作物中荨麻疹叶螨和persimilphytoseiulus的空间分布和种群结构
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-09-18 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.236
J. C. Chacón-Hernández, E. Cerna-Chávez, Y. Ochoa-Fuentes, A. Hernández-Juárez, L. Palacios-Bazaldúa, J. Landeros-Flores
Spatial and vertical distributions, and population !uctuationsof Tetranychus urticae and its predator Phytoseiulus persimiliswere determined in four varieties of rose (Royal, Samuray, Red Baiserand Keiro) under greenhouse conditions. Nine samples for the pestand 8 samples for the predator were obtained. From 20 Septemberto 18 November 2013, T. urticae and P. persimilis presented an aggregateddistribution pattern during most of the sampling dates. At thesame time, P. persimilis did not change the vertical distribution of T.urticae. A synchronous behavior between both predator and prey wasobserved in the four study varieties, although only the cultivars Royaland Samuray presented a signi"cant correlation (r= -0.708, P<0.05;r= 0.702, P<0.05, respectively).
在温室条件下,测定了4个月季品种(皇家月季、萨莫里月季、红白月季和凯罗月季)上荨麻叶螨及其捕食者persimilerphytoseiulus的空间垂直分布和种群变化。害虫9份,捕食者8份。2013年9月20日至11月18日,在大部分采样日期,荨麻疹和persimilis呈聚集分布格局。与此同时,persimilis并未改变荨麻疹的垂直分布。4个研究品种均存在捕食者和被捕食者的同步行为,但只有Royaland Samuray表现出显著的不相关(r= -0.708, P<0.05;r= 0.702, P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 1
First report of lemon verbena crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum in Iran 伊朗发生柠檬马鞭腐病首例报道
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-09-18 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.246
D. Zarandi, M. M. Aminaee, S. Rezaee, A. Sharzei
Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) is a medicinal plantfrom the Verbenacea family. Its plantation and medicinal use in Iranhas risen greatly in recent years. Crown and root rot symptoms wereobserved on this plant in some farms and greenhouses of Kermanprovince during November 2012. The infected plants were taken tothe laboratory. Then, samples of infected root tissues were removedand were surface sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and culturedonto CMA-PARPH medium. Based on morphological features,the isolated fungus was identified as Phytophthora cactorum.Pathogenicity test was performed using inoculated wheat seeds. Toour knowledge this is the first report of Phytophthora cactorum onlemon verbena in Iran.
柠檬马鞭草(Lippia citriodora)是马鞭草科的药用植物。近年来,它在伊朗的种植和医疗用途大大增加。2012年11月,在克尔曼省的一些农场和温室中观察到该植物出现冠腐和根腐症状。被感染的植物被送到实验室。然后,取出感染的根组织样本,用0.5%次氯酸钠表面消毒,并在CMA-PARPH培养基中培养。根据形态特征,鉴定该真菌为疫霉。用接种的小麦种子进行致病性试验。据我们所知,这是伊朗首次报道柠檬马鞭草上的疫霉。
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引用次数: 0
Quality and capsaicinoid concentration on genotypes of Serrano pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) produced under organic fertilization 有机施肥条件下Serrano辣椒品质及辣椒素含量的变化
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-09-18 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.021
Y. Sánchez, E. Sáenz, R. Alvarado, Esparza-Rivera, P. Preciado-Rangel, R. Valdez-Cepeda, J. L. García-Hernández
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of threeorganic fertilization sources on the agronomic and biochemical qualitiesof four genotypes of Serrano pepper. The experiment was performedat the field in Gomez Palacio, Durango (Mexico). The capsaicinoids(CAP´s) are compounds responsible of the pungency ofthe peppers, and they are valuable for health and food and cosmeticfood. The organic treatments applied were: solarized bovine manure(60 Mg/ha), vermicompost (10 Mg/ha) and poultry manure (5 Mg/ha). A non-fertilized treatment was used as control. The evaluatedvariables were: length, diameter and individual weight on fruits, andcapsaicin and dihidrocapsaicin concentrations in pulp and seeds. Theresults showed significant differences among treatments in the evaluatedvariables, as well as regarding the fertilization treatments. Thegenotype Don Diego I fertilized with vermicompost had the largerfruit weight, while the genotypes Don Vicente and Don Diego Ishowed the highest values of length, diameter and individual fruitweight without considering the fertilization source. Regarding the3 organic treatments applied, the genotype Don Vicente fertilizedwith poultry manure had the highest concentration of capsaicinoids.The organic materials evaluated can be applied as a nutritional sourcefor production of Serrano pepper in arid zones, obtaining the highestfruit quality by fertilization with vermicompost. The genotypes DonDiego I and Pepper Don Vicente obtained the highest capsaicinoidconcentration.
本试验旨在评价3种有机肥源对4个基因型塞拉诺辣椒农艺和生化品质的影响。实验在墨西哥杜兰戈的Gomez Palacio田间进行。辣椒素(CAP’s)是造成辣椒辣味的化合物,对健康、食品和化妆品都很有价值。施用有机处理为:牛粪(60 Mg/ha)、蚯蚓堆肥(10 Mg/ha)和禽粪(5 Mg/ha)。不施肥处理作为对照。评估的变量是:果实的长度、直径和单重,以及果肉和种子中的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素浓度。结果表明,不同处理间在评价变量上存在显著差异,受精处理间也存在显著差异。在不考虑施肥来源的情况下,Don Vicente和Don Diego基因型的长、径和单果重均最高,施用蚯蚓堆肥的Don Diego 1基因型的单果重最大。在施用的3种有机处理中,Don Vicente基因型的辣椒素含量最高。评价的有机材料可作为干旱区塞拉诺辣椒生产的营养源,用蚯蚓堆肥施肥可获得最高的果实品质。基因型DonDiego I和Pepper Don Vicente辣椒素含量最高。
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引用次数: 1
Genetic diversity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) from Central Mexico revealed by morphological and RAPD markers 墨西哥中部番石榴(Psidium guajava L.)形态和RAPD标记的遗传多样性分析
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-09-18 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.176
L. L. Valera-Montero, P. Muñoz-Rodriguez, H. Silos-Espino, S. Flores-Benítez
Guava fruit produced in Calvillo, Aguascalientes(Mexico) is considered to be of the best quality in this country. Nevertheless,growers from this place empirically know that there is anoticeable variation among individual trees within the same orchard,and variation among individuals from different orchards. In orderto have a clear evidence of this, morphology analysis of guava wasperformed taking data from seventy nine individuals out of thirtysix orchards, while RAPD was performed on a subset of twentysix individuals. Similarity was found for morphology data rangingfrom 87-100%, while similarity from RAPD data ranged from 30-100%. Combined data of RAPD and morphology showed similaritygreater than 80%. Clades from combined data sorted genotypes intoclearly defined groups according to fruit shapes and banding pattern.These markers could be used as helper tools for breeding programsfor guava genotypes of Mexico. Furthermore, these may help on theclaims from growers when checking origin authenticity if packedguava from somewhere else is labeled as guava from Calvillo.
在墨西哥阿瓜斯卡连特斯的卡尔维罗生产的番石榴被认为是这个国家质量最好的。然而,这个地方的种植者凭经验知道,在同一果园里的每棵树之间,以及不同果园里的每棵树之间,都有明显的差异。为了得到明确的证据,对36个果园中的79个番石榴个体进行了形态学分析,同时对26个个体进行了RAPD分析。形态学数据的相似度为87 ~ 100%,RAPD数据的相似度为30 ~ 100%。RAPD和形态学数据相结合,相似度大于80%。来自组合数据的进化枝根据果实形状和条带模式将基因型分类为明确定义的组。这些标记可作为墨西哥番石榴基因型育种计划的辅助工具。此外,如果从其他地方包装的番石榴被标记为来自Calvillo的番石榴,这些可能有助于种植者在检查原产地真实性时声称。
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引用次数: 7
Early testing of S1 lines of maize 玉米S1系的早期试验
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-09-18 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.203
Salinas Jiménez, J. C. Pérez, C. L. A. Mancilla, F. Moreno, J. G. R. Pimentel, G. Rodríguez, J. Prieto
Eighty S1 maize (Zea mays L.) lines derived from halfsibfamilies with good yield potential (greater than landraces in theregion) were evaluated, with the purpose of selecting outstandinglines. Native populations are a source of germplasm for genetic improvementthrough selection and hybridization. Analysis of varianceshowed highly significant differences between the lines S1 in thevariables days to anthesis (FM), silking date (FF), plant height (Apl),ear height (Amz), leaves above ear (NHEmz), ear length (Lmz), rownumber (Nhil), kernels per row (Ghil), total kernels per ear (TGmz)and grain yield (Rend). All variables showed high variability, anexpected result given the origin of the evaluated genotypes. Meancomparisons showed seven statistical groups for FF, with an intervalof 77-87 days and 14 statistical groups for FM, with an interval of70-86 days. For the variable AMz a variation of 91.4 to 154.6 cm wasobserved. In LESP, the length range was 29.4 to 50.6 cm. For thevariable Rend, the genotype seven yielded of 14.65 t/ha, which wasstatistically superior to genotype 81, the control check, with 12.38 t/ha. Early testing identified inbred lines with good agronomic characteristicsand high yield potential. It is considered as an appropriatemethod in a corn breeding program for eliminating lines with lowyield potential at an early stage of development of inbred lines.
对80个具有较好产量潜力(大于本地区地方品种)的半兄弟系S1玉米(Zea mays L.)品系进行了评价,以筛选优秀品系。本地种群是通过选择和杂交进行遗传改良的种质资源。方差分析表明,S1系在开花期(FM)、吐丝期(FF)、株高(Apl)、穗高(Amz)、穗上叶(NHEmz)、穗长(Lmz)、行数(Nhil)、单行粒数(gl)、穗总粒数(TGmz)和籽粒产量(Rend)等指标上差异极显著。所有的变量都显示出很高的变异性,考虑到评估基因型的起源,这是意料之中的结果。平均比较FF有7个统计组,间隔为77 ~ 87 d; FM有14个统计组,间隔为70 ~ 86 d。对于变量AMz,观察到91.4 ~ 154.6 cm的变化。LESP的长度范围为29.4 ~ 50.6 cm。对于变量Rend,基因型7的产量为14.65 t/ha,统计上优于对照检查基因型81的12.38 t/ha。早期试验鉴定出具有良好农艺性状和高产潜力的自交系。在玉米育种计划中,在自交系发育的早期阶段淘汰低产量潜力系被认为是一种适当的方法。
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引用次数: 0
AFLP polymorphism in restored provenances of Ceiba aesculifolia within an urban heat island 城市热岛内木棉种源恢复的AFLP多态性
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-09-18 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.169
Ei Olvera-Mendoza, S. Lara-Cabrera, C. Sáenz-Romero, R. Lindig-Cisneros
To quantify the effect on genetic diversity of restoringtree populations in an area under the influence of an urban heatisland, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 72 Ceiba aesculifoliaindividuals, from a restoration experiment established from 2170to 2260 m a.s.l. Reintroduced individuals were compared with theprovenance from which the seeds were obtained, and two externalprovenances, for a total of 123 individuals. Samples were analyzedwith three AFLP primer combinations. Polymorphisms of 38.4 to62.5% were obtained. Genetic diversity estimated with the Simpsonindex ranged from 0.14 to 0.2. The provenances in the restorationsite had higher diversity than the provenance that originated theseeds. Groups formed with provenances with similar genetic diversity(no statistical differences) also shared similar Bayesian mixtureproportions. Having higher genetic diversity in restored provenancesthan in the provenance that originated the seeds can be favorable asthe conditions in the site change in the future due to the expectedincrease in the urban heat island effect as the nearby city expands.
为了量化在城市中心岛影响下恢复树木种群的遗传多样性,我们评估了从2170到2260 m的恢复实验中获得的72个木棉的遗传多样性,并将重新引入的个体与获得种子的种源和两个外部种源进行了比较,共123个个体。用三种AFLP引物组合对样品进行分析。多态性为38.4% ~ 62.5%。simpson指数估算的遗传多样性范围为0.14 ~ 0.2。恢复地的种源多样性高于原种源。具有相似遗传多样性(无统计学差异)的种源组成的群体也具有相似的贝叶斯混合比例。随着附近城市的扩张,预计城市热岛效应会增加,因此,恢复种源的遗传多样性比原种源的遗传多样性更高,这对未来场地条件的变化是有利的。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of chemical mutagens and X-rays on morphological and physiological traits of tulips 化学诱变剂和x射线对郁金香形态和生理性状的影响
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-08-21 DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.252
S. Sedaghathoor, F. Sharifi, A. Eslami
The tulip (Tulipa sp.) is an ornamental plant producedby bulbs. Wild tulips are native to several areas of Iran, especially theAlborz and Zagros mountains. Endemic Iranian tulips are the originof some commercial cultivars of tulip, and mutagens are commonlyused to produce new traits and varieties. In this trial, X-rays wereapplied at 60, 70 and 80 kV; sodium azide (SA) at doses of 0.01%,0.02%, and 0.03%, and diethyl sulfate (DES) at doses of 0.1%, 0.2%and 0.4 on Kess Nelis and Jan Van Ness varieties of tulip. Morphophysiologicaltraits of the treated plants were measured. The resultsshowed that application of DES increased the fresh weight andnumber of bulbs, and decreased the number of offsets, main stemlength, leaf area, and total fresh weight. The results showed that SAhad a positive effect on most traits. All three doses of DES increasedthe flower longevity and all had an inverse effect on the anthocyanincontent of the petals.
郁金香(Tulipa sp.)是一种由球茎产生的观赏植物。野生郁金香原产于伊朗的几个地区,尤其是阿尔博尔斯和扎格罗斯山脉。伊朗特有的郁金香是一些商业郁金香品种的起源,诱变剂通常用于产生新的性状和品种。在这个试验中,x射线在60,70和80kv;叠氮化钠(SA)用量为0.01%、0.02%和0.03%,硫酸二乙酯(DES)用量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4。测定了处理植株的形态生理性状。结果表明,施用DES可显著提高植株鲜重和鳞茎数,降低植株鲜重、主茎长、叶面积和总鲜重。结果表明,saa对大多数性状都有积极影响。所有三种剂量的DES都增加了花的寿命,并且都对花瓣的花青素含量有相反的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Capsaicinoids concentration in Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum collected in Tamaulipas, Mexico 墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州光斑辣椒中辣椒素的含量
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-08-02 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.046
Eva Aguirre Hernández, R. M. Chávez, M. Palma-Tenango, M. González-Trujano, Teodoro Medina-Martínez, G. Sánchez-Ramos, A. Mora-Olivo, J. G. Martínez-Ávalos
Se describen los analisis por HPLC del contenido decapsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina en frutos de Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculumrecolectados en Tamaulipas, Mexico. Las localidades fueronseleccionadas con base en que 65% de sus habitantes cosecha los frutosde esta especie para autoconsumo y su comercializacion. Se realizoun analisis de varianza (ANOVA) para determinar la variacion en lacomposicion de capsaicinoides, y analisis multivariado mediante correlacionde Pearson y componentes principales (PCA) para conocer lainfluencia de los factores ambientales en la concentracion de estos. Losresultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la concentracion decapsaicina entre las poblaciones. Los frutos de El Gavilan tuvieron lamayor concentracion de ambos alcaloides (994 μg/g) y los de ComasAltas la menor (498 μg/g). Se encontro una correlacion positiva entrela concentracion de capsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina, ya que conforme seincremento la concentracion de capsaicina, tambien aumento la de dihidrocapsaicina.El PCA demostro que la altitud, temperatura y vegetacionfueron los principales factores que influyeron en la produccion deambos capsaicinoides en C. annuum var. glabriusculum. La precipitacionfue la variable que afecto en menor medida. De las cuatro poblacionesevaluadas con vegetacion de matorral espinoso tamaulipeco, los frutoscolectados en El Gavilan, zona ubicada a 578 msnm, presentaron lamayor concentracion de ambos alcaloides; la menor en Comas Altas (65msnm). Por otro lado, los frutos colectados en el bosque de mezquite,donde se ubica La San Juana, sintetiza tambien altas concentracionesde capsaicinoides debido al microclima especial generado por la vegetacion,haciendo un habitat propicio para una mayor produccion deestos compuestos. En este sentido, el grado de pungencia de los frutosde C. annuum var. glabriusculum fue influenciado por factores ambientales,siendo los de mayor impacto la altitud, temperatura y vegetacion.
摘要采用高效液相色谱法对墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州收获的光椒果实中癸卡素和二氢辣椒素含量进行了分析。这些地区的选择是基于65%的居民收获这种水果供自己消费和销售。采用方差分析(ANOVA)确定辣椒素成分的变化,采用Pearson相关和主成分(PCA)多元分析确定环境因素对辣椒素浓度的影响。结果显示,不同人群之间存在显著差异。果实中生物碱浓度最高(994 μg/g),果实中生物碱浓度最低(498 μg/g)。辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的浓度呈正相关关系,因为随着辣椒素浓度的增加,二氢辣椒素的浓度也会增加。结果表明,海拔、温度和植被是影响光斑C. annuum变种辣椒素产量的主要因素。结果表明,在5月至10月期间,平均气温上升了2°c,而在10月至11月期间,平均气温上升了2°c。在4个以塔毛利帕斯州多刺灌木植被为植被的种群中,在海拔578米的El Gavilan采集的果实中,两种生物碱的浓度最高;最小的是高逗号(65msnm)。另一方面,在San Juana的mezquite森林采集的水果也合成了高浓度的辣椒素,这是由于植被产生的特殊小气候,为这些化合物的生产提供了有利的栖息地。在本研究中,我们分析了不同地区的不同刺槐果实的辛辣程度,并分析了不同地区的不同刺槐果实的辛辣程度。
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引用次数: 2
Boosting forage yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) with multi-species bacterial inoculation in Pakistan 多菌种接种提高巴基斯坦玉米(Zea mays L.)饲料产量和品质
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-08-02 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.084
M. Iqbal, A. Iqbal, Z. Aslam, M. Maqsood, Z. Ahmad, N. Akbar, H. Khan, R. Abbas, R. D. Khan, G. Abbas, M. Faisal
Seed inoculation with bacterial species has the potentialto increase yield and agro-qualitative attributes of forage crops.This study determined the response of forage maize to three plantgrowth promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR1 (Azotobacter chroococcum),PGPR2 (Pseudomonas flourescens) and PGPR3 (Bacillus megaterium)]inoculated individually and in different combinations (PGPR1+2,PGPR1+3, PGPR2+3 and PGPR1+2+3). A non-inoculated treatmentwas kept as a control. We used a completely randomized blockdesign with four replicates. The PGPR1+2+3 treatment showed anoutstanding performance by improving yield attributes, green forageyield, dry matter biomass, crude protein and total ash. The sametreatment gave the lowest crude fiber concentration. It was followedby PGPR2+3 which in turn was followed by PGPR1+2. Hence, ourstudy suggests that employment of multi-species bacterial inoculationis an effective technique to improve economical production andagro-qualitative attributes of forage maize.
用菌种接种种子具有提高饲料作物产量和农艺性状的潜力。本研究测定了饲用玉米对3种促进植物生长的根瘤菌[PGPR1(嗜绿固氮菌)、PGPR2(荧光假单胞菌)和PGPR3(巨型芽孢杆菌)]单独接种和不同组合(PGPR1+2、PGPR1+3、PGPR2+3和PGPR1+2+3)的响应。未接种的处理作为对照。我们采用完全随机分组设计,有4个重复。PGPR1+2+3处理在提高青草产量、干物质生物量、粗蛋白质和总灰分产量方面表现突出。同样处理的粗纤维浓度最低。PGPR2+3紧随其后,PGPR1+2紧随其后。因此,我们的研究表明,采用多菌种接种是提高饲用玉米经济产量和农业品质的有效技术。
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引用次数: 15
Effect of phenolic compounds present in Argentinian plant extracts on mycelial growth of the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers. 阿根廷植物提取物中酚类化合物对植物病原菌灰霉病菌菌丝生长的影响。
IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2017-08-02 DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.270
M. V. Hapon, J. Boiteux, M. A. Fernández, G. Lucero, M. F. Silva, P. Pizzuolo
The polyphagous plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea has theability of growing fast under several conditions, and producing greymoulds in different plant tissues. Because of its adaptive plasticity,resistant strains have made difficult their chemical control. Therefore,new strategies of management and the use of natural compoundscould be important control alternatives. The aim of this work was tostudy the potential value of four Argentine native plant extracts andsome of its phenolic compounds as biodrugs on B. cinerea. Aqueousplant extracts of Larrea divaricata, Prosopis strombulifera, Tessariaabsinthioides and Schinus molle var. areira, were used. The capability toinhibit the mycelial growth was studied using either the crude plantextract or same its most important, detected phenolic compounds.Phenolic compounds were analyzed by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis(CZE) with UV detection, and then statistically analyzed byPrincipal Component Analysis to correlate them and their biologicalactivity against the fungus. Prosopis strombulifera and T. absinthioidesextracts did not inhibit mycelial growth while S. molle stimulated it.Larrea divaricata demonstrated inhibition above 50% at plant extractsconcentrations of 100 mg/mL.
多食性植物病原菌灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)在多种条件下都能快速生长,并在植物的不同组织中产生灰色霉菌。由于其自适应的可塑性,抗性菌株给其化学控制带来了困难。因此,新的管理策略和天然化合物的使用可能是重要的控制选择。本文旨在研究阿根廷四种原生植物提取物及其部分酚类化合物对绿僵菌生物药物的潜在应用价值。以水植物水提取物为研究对象,分别为落叶松(Larrea divaricata)、苦艾草(Prosopis strombulifera)、苦艾草(Tessariaabsinthioides)和小茴香(Schinus molle var. areira)。研究了植物粗提物及其最重要的酚类化合物对菌丝生长的抑制作用。用紫外检测毛细管区带电泳(CZE)分析酚类化合物,并用主成分分析(主成分分析)对酚类化合物及其对真菌的生物活性进行统计分析。酵母提取物对菌丝生长无抑制作用,而苦艾草提取物对菌丝生长有刺激作用。当植物提取物浓度为100 mg/mL时,散叶蝉的抑制作用达到50%以上。
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引用次数: 9
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Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany
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