Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.236
J. C. Chacón-Hernández, E. Cerna-Chávez, Y. Ochoa-Fuentes, A. Hernández-Juárez, L. Palacios-Bazaldúa, J. Landeros-Flores
Spatial and vertical distributions, and population !uctuationsof Tetranychus urticae and its predator Phytoseiulus persimiliswere determined in four varieties of rose (Royal, Samuray, Red Baiserand Keiro) under greenhouse conditions. Nine samples for the pestand 8 samples for the predator were obtained. From 20 Septemberto 18 November 2013, T. urticae and P. persimilis presented an aggregateddistribution pattern during most of the sampling dates. At thesame time, P. persimilis did not change the vertical distribution of T.urticae. A synchronous behavior between both predator and prey wasobserved in the four study varieties, although only the cultivars Royaland Samuray presented a signi"cant correlation (r= -0.708, P<0.05;r= 0.702, P<0.05, respectively).
{"title":"Spatial distribution and population !uctuation of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) in rose crops","authors":"J. C. Chacón-Hernández, E. Cerna-Chávez, Y. Ochoa-Fuentes, A. Hernández-Juárez, L. Palacios-Bazaldúa, J. Landeros-Flores","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.236","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial and vertical distributions, and population !uctuationsof Tetranychus urticae and its predator Phytoseiulus persimiliswere determined in four varieties of rose (Royal, Samuray, Red Baiserand Keiro) under greenhouse conditions. Nine samples for the pestand 8 samples for the predator were obtained. From 20 Septemberto 18 November 2013, T. urticae and P. persimilis presented an aggregateddistribution pattern during most of the sampling dates. At thesame time, P. persimilis did not change the vertical distribution of T.urticae. A synchronous behavior between both predator and prey wasobserved in the four study varieties, although only the cultivars Royaland Samuray presented a signi\"cant correlation (r= -0.708, P<0.05;r= 0.702, P<0.05, respectively).","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"33 1","pages":"236-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86107337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.246
D. Zarandi, M. M. Aminaee, S. Rezaee, A. Sharzei
Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) is a medicinal plantfrom the Verbenacea family. Its plantation and medicinal use in Iranhas risen greatly in recent years. Crown and root rot symptoms wereobserved on this plant in some farms and greenhouses of Kermanprovince during November 2012. The infected plants were taken tothe laboratory. Then, samples of infected root tissues were removedand were surface sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and culturedonto CMA-PARPH medium. Based on morphological features,the isolated fungus was identified as Phytophthora cactorum.Pathogenicity test was performed using inoculated wheat seeds. Toour knowledge this is the first report of Phytophthora cactorum onlemon verbena in Iran.
{"title":"First report of lemon verbena crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum in Iran","authors":"D. Zarandi, M. M. Aminaee, S. Rezaee, A. Sharzei","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.246","url":null,"abstract":"Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) is a medicinal plantfrom the Verbenacea family. Its plantation and medicinal use in Iranhas risen greatly in recent years. Crown and root rot symptoms wereobserved on this plant in some farms and greenhouses of Kermanprovince during November 2012. The infected plants were taken tothe laboratory. Then, samples of infected root tissues were removedand were surface sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and culturedonto CMA-PARPH medium. Based on morphological features,the isolated fungus was identified as Phytophthora cactorum.Pathogenicity test was performed using inoculated wheat seeds. Toour knowledge this is the first report of Phytophthora cactorum onlemon verbena in Iran.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"109 1","pages":"246-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76819504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.021
Y. Sánchez, E. Sáenz, R. Alvarado, Esparza-Rivera, P. Preciado-Rangel, R. Valdez-Cepeda, J. L. García-Hernández
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of threeorganic fertilization sources on the agronomic and biochemical qualitiesof four genotypes of Serrano pepper. The experiment was performedat the field in Gomez Palacio, Durango (Mexico). The capsaicinoids(CAP´s) are compounds responsible of the pungency ofthe peppers, and they are valuable for health and food and cosmeticfood. The organic treatments applied were: solarized bovine manure(60 Mg/ha), vermicompost (10 Mg/ha) and poultry manure (5 Mg/ha). A non-fertilized treatment was used as control. The evaluatedvariables were: length, diameter and individual weight on fruits, andcapsaicin and dihidrocapsaicin concentrations in pulp and seeds. Theresults showed significant differences among treatments in the evaluatedvariables, as well as regarding the fertilization treatments. Thegenotype Don Diego I fertilized with vermicompost had the largerfruit weight, while the genotypes Don Vicente and Don Diego Ishowed the highest values of length, diameter and individual fruitweight without considering the fertilization source. Regarding the3 organic treatments applied, the genotype Don Vicente fertilizedwith poultry manure had the highest concentration of capsaicinoids.The organic materials evaluated can be applied as a nutritional sourcefor production of Serrano pepper in arid zones, obtaining the highestfruit quality by fertilization with vermicompost. The genotypes DonDiego I and Pepper Don Vicente obtained the highest capsaicinoidconcentration.
本试验旨在评价3种有机肥源对4个基因型塞拉诺辣椒农艺和生化品质的影响。实验在墨西哥杜兰戈的Gomez Palacio田间进行。辣椒素(CAP’s)是造成辣椒辣味的化合物,对健康、食品和化妆品都很有价值。施用有机处理为:牛粪(60 Mg/ha)、蚯蚓堆肥(10 Mg/ha)和禽粪(5 Mg/ha)。不施肥处理作为对照。评估的变量是:果实的长度、直径和单重,以及果肉和种子中的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素浓度。结果表明,不同处理间在评价变量上存在显著差异,受精处理间也存在显著差异。在不考虑施肥来源的情况下,Don Vicente和Don Diego基因型的长、径和单果重均最高,施用蚯蚓堆肥的Don Diego 1基因型的单果重最大。在施用的3种有机处理中,Don Vicente基因型的辣椒素含量最高。评价的有机材料可作为干旱区塞拉诺辣椒生产的营养源,用蚯蚓堆肥施肥可获得最高的果实品质。基因型DonDiego I和Pepper Don Vicente辣椒素含量最高。
{"title":"Quality and capsaicinoid concentration on genotypes of Serrano pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) produced under organic fertilization","authors":"Y. Sánchez, E. Sáenz, R. Alvarado, Esparza-Rivera, P. Preciado-Rangel, R. Valdez-Cepeda, J. L. García-Hernández","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.021","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of threeorganic fertilization sources on the agronomic and biochemical qualitiesof four genotypes of Serrano pepper. The experiment was performedat the field in Gomez Palacio, Durango (Mexico). The capsaicinoids(CAP´s) are compounds responsible of the pungency ofthe peppers, and they are valuable for health and food and cosmeticfood. The organic treatments applied were: solarized bovine manure(60 Mg/ha), vermicompost (10 Mg/ha) and poultry manure (5 Mg/ha). A non-fertilized treatment was used as control. The evaluatedvariables were: length, diameter and individual weight on fruits, andcapsaicin and dihidrocapsaicin concentrations in pulp and seeds. Theresults showed significant differences among treatments in the evaluatedvariables, as well as regarding the fertilization treatments. Thegenotype Don Diego I fertilized with vermicompost had the largerfruit weight, while the genotypes Don Vicente and Don Diego Ishowed the highest values of length, diameter and individual fruitweight without considering the fertilization source. Regarding the3 organic treatments applied, the genotype Don Vicente fertilizedwith poultry manure had the highest concentration of capsaicinoids.The organic materials evaluated can be applied as a nutritional sourcefor production of Serrano pepper in arid zones, obtaining the highestfruit quality by fertilization with vermicompost. The genotypes DonDiego I and Pepper Don Vicente obtained the highest capsaicinoidconcentration.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"170 8 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83394064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.176
L. L. Valera-Montero, P. Muñoz-Rodriguez, H. Silos-Espino, S. Flores-Benítez
Guava fruit produced in Calvillo, Aguascalientes(Mexico) is considered to be of the best quality in this country. Nevertheless,growers from this place empirically know that there is anoticeable variation among individual trees within the same orchard,and variation among individuals from different orchards. In orderto have a clear evidence of this, morphology analysis of guava wasperformed taking data from seventy nine individuals out of thirtysix orchards, while RAPD was performed on a subset of twentysix individuals. Similarity was found for morphology data rangingfrom 87-100%, while similarity from RAPD data ranged from 30-100%. Combined data of RAPD and morphology showed similaritygreater than 80%. Clades from combined data sorted genotypes intoclearly defined groups according to fruit shapes and banding pattern.These markers could be used as helper tools for breeding programsfor guava genotypes of Mexico. Furthermore, these may help on theclaims from growers when checking origin authenticity if packedguava from somewhere else is labeled as guava from Calvillo.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) from Central Mexico revealed by morphological and RAPD markers","authors":"L. L. Valera-Montero, P. Muñoz-Rodriguez, H. Silos-Espino, S. Flores-Benítez","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.176","url":null,"abstract":"Guava fruit produced in Calvillo, Aguascalientes(Mexico) is considered to be of the best quality in this country. Nevertheless,growers from this place empirically know that there is anoticeable variation among individual trees within the same orchard,and variation among individuals from different orchards. In orderto have a clear evidence of this, morphology analysis of guava wasperformed taking data from seventy nine individuals out of thirtysix orchards, while RAPD was performed on a subset of twentysix individuals. Similarity was found for morphology data rangingfrom 87-100%, while similarity from RAPD data ranged from 30-100%. Combined data of RAPD and morphology showed similaritygreater than 80%. Clades from combined data sorted genotypes intoclearly defined groups according to fruit shapes and banding pattern.These markers could be used as helper tools for breeding programsfor guava genotypes of Mexico. Furthermore, these may help on theclaims from growers when checking origin authenticity if packedguava from somewhere else is labeled as guava from Calvillo.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"35 1","pages":"176-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72581696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.203
Salinas Jiménez, J. C. Pérez, C. L. A. Mancilla, F. Moreno, J. G. R. Pimentel, G. Rodríguez, J. Prieto
Eighty S1 maize (Zea mays L.) lines derived from halfsibfamilies with good yield potential (greater than landraces in theregion) were evaluated, with the purpose of selecting outstandinglines. Native populations are a source of germplasm for genetic improvementthrough selection and hybridization. Analysis of varianceshowed highly significant differences between the lines S1 in thevariables days to anthesis (FM), silking date (FF), plant height (Apl),ear height (Amz), leaves above ear (NHEmz), ear length (Lmz), rownumber (Nhil), kernels per row (Ghil), total kernels per ear (TGmz)and grain yield (Rend). All variables showed high variability, anexpected result given the origin of the evaluated genotypes. Meancomparisons showed seven statistical groups for FF, with an intervalof 77-87 days and 14 statistical groups for FM, with an interval of70-86 days. For the variable AMz a variation of 91.4 to 154.6 cm wasobserved. In LESP, the length range was 29.4 to 50.6 cm. For thevariable Rend, the genotype seven yielded of 14.65 t/ha, which wasstatistically superior to genotype 81, the control check, with 12.38 t/ha. Early testing identified inbred lines with good agronomic characteristicsand high yield potential. It is considered as an appropriatemethod in a corn breeding program for eliminating lines with lowyield potential at an early stage of development of inbred lines.
{"title":"Early testing of S1 lines of maize","authors":"Salinas Jiménez, J. C. Pérez, C. L. A. Mancilla, F. Moreno, J. G. R. Pimentel, G. Rodríguez, J. Prieto","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.203","url":null,"abstract":"Eighty S1 maize (Zea mays L.) lines derived from halfsibfamilies with good yield potential (greater than landraces in theregion) were evaluated, with the purpose of selecting outstandinglines. Native populations are a source of germplasm for genetic improvementthrough selection and hybridization. Analysis of varianceshowed highly significant differences between the lines S1 in thevariables days to anthesis (FM), silking date (FF), plant height (Apl),ear height (Amz), leaves above ear (NHEmz), ear length (Lmz), rownumber (Nhil), kernels per row (Ghil), total kernels per ear (TGmz)and grain yield (Rend). All variables showed high variability, anexpected result given the origin of the evaluated genotypes. Meancomparisons showed seven statistical groups for FF, with an intervalof 77-87 days and 14 statistical groups for FM, with an interval of70-86 days. For the variable AMz a variation of 91.4 to 154.6 cm wasobserved. In LESP, the length range was 29.4 to 50.6 cm. For thevariable Rend, the genotype seven yielded of 14.65 t/ha, which wasstatistically superior to genotype 81, the control check, with 12.38 t/ha. Early testing identified inbred lines with good agronomic characteristicsand high yield potential. It is considered as an appropriatemethod in a corn breeding program for eliminating lines with lowyield potential at an early stage of development of inbred lines.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"60 1","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80265284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.169
Ei Olvera-Mendoza, S. Lara-Cabrera, C. Sáenz-Romero, R. Lindig-Cisneros
To quantify the effect on genetic diversity of restoringtree populations in an area under the influence of an urban heatisland, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 72 Ceiba aesculifoliaindividuals, from a restoration experiment established from 2170to 2260 m a.s.l. Reintroduced individuals were compared with theprovenance from which the seeds were obtained, and two externalprovenances, for a total of 123 individuals. Samples were analyzedwith three AFLP primer combinations. Polymorphisms of 38.4 to62.5% were obtained. Genetic diversity estimated with the Simpsonindex ranged from 0.14 to 0.2. The provenances in the restorationsite had higher diversity than the provenance that originated theseeds. Groups formed with provenances with similar genetic diversity(no statistical differences) also shared similar Bayesian mixtureproportions. Having higher genetic diversity in restored provenancesthan in the provenance that originated the seeds can be favorable asthe conditions in the site change in the future due to the expectedincrease in the urban heat island effect as the nearby city expands.
{"title":"AFLP polymorphism in restored provenances of Ceiba aesculifolia within an urban heat island","authors":"Ei Olvera-Mendoza, S. Lara-Cabrera, C. Sáenz-Romero, R. Lindig-Cisneros","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.169","url":null,"abstract":"To quantify the effect on genetic diversity of restoringtree populations in an area under the influence of an urban heatisland, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 72 Ceiba aesculifoliaindividuals, from a restoration experiment established from 2170to 2260 m a.s.l. Reintroduced individuals were compared with theprovenance from which the seeds were obtained, and two externalprovenances, for a total of 123 individuals. Samples were analyzedwith three AFLP primer combinations. Polymorphisms of 38.4 to62.5% were obtained. Genetic diversity estimated with the Simpsonindex ranged from 0.14 to 0.2. The provenances in the restorationsite had higher diversity than the provenance that originated theseeds. Groups formed with provenances with similar genetic diversity(no statistical differences) also shared similar Bayesian mixtureproportions. Having higher genetic diversity in restored provenancesthan in the provenance that originated the seeds can be favorable asthe conditions in the site change in the future due to the expectedincrease in the urban heat island effect as the nearby city expands.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"12 1","pages":"169-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76678099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-21DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.252
S. Sedaghathoor, F. Sharifi, A. Eslami
The tulip (Tulipa sp.) is an ornamental plant producedby bulbs. Wild tulips are native to several areas of Iran, especially theAlborz and Zagros mountains. Endemic Iranian tulips are the originof some commercial cultivars of tulip, and mutagens are commonlyused to produce new traits and varieties. In this trial, X-rays wereapplied at 60, 70 and 80 kV; sodium azide (SA) at doses of 0.01%,0.02%, and 0.03%, and diethyl sulfate (DES) at doses of 0.1%, 0.2%and 0.4 on Kess Nelis and Jan Van Ness varieties of tulip. Morphophysiologicaltraits of the treated plants were measured. The resultsshowed that application of DES increased the fresh weight andnumber of bulbs, and decreased the number of offsets, main stemlength, leaf area, and total fresh weight. The results showed that SAhad a positive effect on most traits. All three doses of DES increasedthe flower longevity and all had an inverse effect on the anthocyanincontent of the petals.
{"title":"Effect of chemical mutagens and X-rays on morphological and physiological traits of tulips","authors":"S. Sedaghathoor, F. Sharifi, A. Eslami","doi":"10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.252","url":null,"abstract":"The tulip (Tulipa sp.) is an ornamental plant producedby bulbs. Wild tulips are native to several areas of Iran, especially theAlborz and Zagros mountains. Endemic Iranian tulips are the originof some commercial cultivars of tulip, and mutagens are commonlyused to produce new traits and varieties. In this trial, X-rays wereapplied at 60, 70 and 80 kV; sodium azide (SA) at doses of 0.01%,0.02%, and 0.03%, and diethyl sulfate (DES) at doses of 0.1%, 0.2%and 0.4 on Kess Nelis and Jan Van Ness varieties of tulip. Morphophysiologicaltraits of the treated plants were measured. The resultsshowed that application of DES increased the fresh weight andnumber of bulbs, and decreased the number of offsets, main stemlength, leaf area, and total fresh weight. The results showed that SAhad a positive effect on most traits. All three doses of DES increasedthe flower longevity and all had an inverse effect on the anthocyanincontent of the petals.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"25 1","pages":"252-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81524338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-02DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.046
Eva Aguirre Hernández, R. M. Chávez, M. Palma-Tenango, M. González-Trujano, Teodoro Medina-Martínez, G. Sánchez-Ramos, A. Mora-Olivo, J. G. Martínez-Ávalos
Se describen los analisis por HPLC del contenido decapsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina en frutos de Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculumrecolectados en Tamaulipas, Mexico. Las localidades fueronseleccionadas con base en que 65% de sus habitantes cosecha los frutosde esta especie para autoconsumo y su comercializacion. Se realizoun analisis de varianza (ANOVA) para determinar la variacion en lacomposicion de capsaicinoides, y analisis multivariado mediante correlacionde Pearson y componentes principales (PCA) para conocer lainfluencia de los factores ambientales en la concentracion de estos. Losresultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la concentracion decapsaicina entre las poblaciones. Los frutos de El Gavilan tuvieron lamayor concentracion de ambos alcaloides (994 μg/g) y los de ComasAltas la menor (498 μg/g). Se encontro una correlacion positiva entrela concentracion de capsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina, ya que conforme seincremento la concentracion de capsaicina, tambien aumento la de dihidrocapsaicina.El PCA demostro que la altitud, temperatura y vegetacionfueron los principales factores que influyeron en la produccion deambos capsaicinoides en C. annuum var. glabriusculum. La precipitacionfue la variable que afecto en menor medida. De las cuatro poblacionesevaluadas con vegetacion de matorral espinoso tamaulipeco, los frutoscolectados en El Gavilan, zona ubicada a 578 msnm, presentaron lamayor concentracion de ambos alcaloides; la menor en Comas Altas (65msnm). Por otro lado, los frutos colectados en el bosque de mezquite,donde se ubica La San Juana, sintetiza tambien altas concentracionesde capsaicinoides debido al microclima especial generado por la vegetacion,haciendo un habitat propicio para una mayor produccion deestos compuestos. En este sentido, el grado de pungencia de los frutosde C. annuum var. glabriusculum fue influenciado por factores ambientales,siendo los de mayor impacto la altitud, temperatura y vegetacion.
{"title":"Capsaicinoids concentration in Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum collected in Tamaulipas, Mexico","authors":"Eva Aguirre Hernández, R. M. Chávez, M. Palma-Tenango, M. González-Trujano, Teodoro Medina-Martínez, G. Sánchez-Ramos, A. Mora-Olivo, J. G. Martínez-Ávalos","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2017.86.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2017.86.046","url":null,"abstract":"Se describen los analisis por HPLC del contenido decapsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina en frutos de Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculumrecolectados en Tamaulipas, Mexico. Las localidades fueronseleccionadas con base en que 65% de sus habitantes cosecha los frutosde esta especie para autoconsumo y su comercializacion. Se realizoun analisis de varianza (ANOVA) para determinar la variacion en lacomposicion de capsaicinoides, y analisis multivariado mediante correlacionde Pearson y componentes principales (PCA) para conocer lainfluencia de los factores ambientales en la concentracion de estos. Losresultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la concentracion decapsaicina entre las poblaciones. Los frutos de El Gavilan tuvieron lamayor concentracion de ambos alcaloides (994 μg/g) y los de ComasAltas la menor (498 μg/g). Se encontro una correlacion positiva entrela concentracion de capsaicina y dihidrocapsaicina, ya que conforme seincremento la concentracion de capsaicina, tambien aumento la de dihidrocapsaicina.El PCA demostro que la altitud, temperatura y vegetacionfueron los principales factores que influyeron en la produccion deambos capsaicinoides en C. annuum var. glabriusculum. La precipitacionfue la variable que afecto en menor medida. De las cuatro poblacionesevaluadas con vegetacion de matorral espinoso tamaulipeco, los frutoscolectados en El Gavilan, zona ubicada a 578 msnm, presentaron lamayor concentracion de ambos alcaloides; la menor en Comas Altas (65msnm). Por otro lado, los frutos colectados en el bosque de mezquite,donde se ubica La San Juana, sintetiza tambien altas concentracionesde capsaicinoides debido al microclima especial generado por la vegetacion,haciendo un habitat propicio para una mayor produccion deestos compuestos. En este sentido, el grado de pungencia de los frutosde C. annuum var. glabriusculum fue influenciado por factores ambientales,siendo los de mayor impacto la altitud, temperatura y vegetacion.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"17 1","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72772125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-02DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.084
M. Iqbal, A. Iqbal, Z. Aslam, M. Maqsood, Z. Ahmad, N. Akbar, H. Khan, R. Abbas, R. D. Khan, G. Abbas, M. Faisal
Seed inoculation with bacterial species has the potentialto increase yield and agro-qualitative attributes of forage crops.This study determined the response of forage maize to three plantgrowth promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR1 (Azotobacter chroococcum),PGPR2 (Pseudomonas flourescens) and PGPR3 (Bacillus megaterium)]inoculated individually and in different combinations (PGPR1+2,PGPR1+3, PGPR2+3 and PGPR1+2+3). A non-inoculated treatmentwas kept as a control. We used a completely randomized blockdesign with four replicates. The PGPR1+2+3 treatment showed anoutstanding performance by improving yield attributes, green forageyield, dry matter biomass, crude protein and total ash. The sametreatment gave the lowest crude fiber concentration. It was followedby PGPR2+3 which in turn was followed by PGPR1+2. Hence, ourstudy suggests that employment of multi-species bacterial inoculationis an effective technique to improve economical production andagro-qualitative attributes of forage maize.
{"title":"Boosting forage yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) with multi-species bacterial inoculation in Pakistan","authors":"M. Iqbal, A. Iqbal, Z. Aslam, M. Maqsood, Z. Ahmad, N. Akbar, H. Khan, R. Abbas, R. D. Khan, G. Abbas, M. Faisal","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2017.86.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2017.86.084","url":null,"abstract":"Seed inoculation with bacterial species has the potentialto increase yield and agro-qualitative attributes of forage crops.This study determined the response of forage maize to three plantgrowth promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR1 (Azotobacter chroococcum),PGPR2 (Pseudomonas flourescens) and PGPR3 (Bacillus megaterium)]inoculated individually and in different combinations (PGPR1+2,PGPR1+3, PGPR2+3 and PGPR1+2+3). A non-inoculated treatmentwas kept as a control. We used a completely randomized blockdesign with four replicates. The PGPR1+2+3 treatment showed anoutstanding performance by improving yield attributes, green forageyield, dry matter biomass, crude protein and total ash. The sametreatment gave the lowest crude fiber concentration. It was followedby PGPR2+3 which in turn was followed by PGPR1+2. Hence, ourstudy suggests that employment of multi-species bacterial inoculationis an effective technique to improve economical production andagro-qualitative attributes of forage maize.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"71 1","pages":"84-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83949165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-02DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.270
M. V. Hapon, J. Boiteux, M. A. Fernández, G. Lucero, M. F. Silva, P. Pizzuolo
The polyphagous plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea has theability of growing fast under several conditions, and producing greymoulds in different plant tissues. Because of its adaptive plasticity,resistant strains have made difficult their chemical control. Therefore,new strategies of management and the use of natural compoundscould be important control alternatives. The aim of this work was tostudy the potential value of four Argentine native plant extracts andsome of its phenolic compounds as biodrugs on B. cinerea. Aqueousplant extracts of Larrea divaricata, Prosopis strombulifera, Tessariaabsinthioides and Schinus molle var. areira, were used. The capability toinhibit the mycelial growth was studied using either the crude plantextract or same its most important, detected phenolic compounds.Phenolic compounds were analyzed by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis(CZE) with UV detection, and then statistically analyzed byPrincipal Component Analysis to correlate them and their biologicalactivity against the fungus. Prosopis strombulifera and T. absinthioidesextracts did not inhibit mycelial growth while S. molle stimulated it.Larrea divaricata demonstrated inhibition above 50% at plant extractsconcentrations of 100 mg/mL.
多食性植物病原菌灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)在多种条件下都能快速生长,并在植物的不同组织中产生灰色霉菌。由于其自适应的可塑性,抗性菌株给其化学控制带来了困难。因此,新的管理策略和天然化合物的使用可能是重要的控制选择。本文旨在研究阿根廷四种原生植物提取物及其部分酚类化合物对绿僵菌生物药物的潜在应用价值。以水植物水提取物为研究对象,分别为落叶松(Larrea divaricata)、苦艾草(Prosopis strombulifera)、苦艾草(Tessariaabsinthioides)和小茴香(Schinus molle var. areira)。研究了植物粗提物及其最重要的酚类化合物对菌丝生长的抑制作用。用紫外检测毛细管区带电泳(CZE)分析酚类化合物,并用主成分分析(主成分分析)对酚类化合物及其对真菌的生物活性进行统计分析。酵母提取物对菌丝生长无抑制作用,而苦艾草提取物对菌丝生长有刺激作用。当植物提取物浓度为100 mg/mL时,散叶蝉的抑制作用达到50%以上。
{"title":"Effect of phenolic compounds present in Argentinian plant extracts on mycelial growth of the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers.","authors":"M. V. Hapon, J. Boiteux, M. A. Fernández, G. Lucero, M. F. Silva, P. Pizzuolo","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2017.86.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2017.86.270","url":null,"abstract":"The polyphagous plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea has theability of growing fast under several conditions, and producing greymoulds in different plant tissues. Because of its adaptive plasticity,resistant strains have made difficult their chemical control. Therefore,new strategies of management and the use of natural compoundscould be important control alternatives. The aim of this work was tostudy the potential value of four Argentine native plant extracts andsome of its phenolic compounds as biodrugs on B. cinerea. Aqueousplant extracts of Larrea divaricata, Prosopis strombulifera, Tessariaabsinthioides and Schinus molle var. areira, were used. The capability toinhibit the mycelial growth was studied using either the crude plantextract or same its most important, detected phenolic compounds.Phenolic compounds were analyzed by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis(CZE) with UV detection, and then statistically analyzed byPrincipal Component Analysis to correlate them and their biologicalactivity against the fungus. Prosopis strombulifera and T. absinthioidesextracts did not inhibit mycelial growth while S. molle stimulated it.Larrea divaricata demonstrated inhibition above 50% at plant extractsconcentrations of 100 mg/mL.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"2771 1","pages":"270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86487870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}