Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.181
Cargnel, A. Orchansky, R. Brevedan, S. Baioni, M. Fioretti
Two field experiments were carried out in a semiaridregion of Argentina over a soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) field.The sites of study were San Adolfo (39˚ 23’ S, 62˚ 22’ W, 22 m.a.s.l.)and Nueva Roma (38˚ 29’ S, 62˚ 39’ W, 70 m.a.s.l.). Soybeans wereplanted on Jan 4 (San Adolfo) and Nov 27 (Nueva Roma) in 0.75m wide rows and at 400000 pl/ha during two consecutive growingseasons. Energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET) were estimatedduring the reproductive stages from full bloom (R2) to fullmaturity (R8). In Nueva Roma ET or latent heat flux (LE) was estimatedusing the Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) (LEb) and thePriestley-Taylor equation (LEPT) with αPT=1.26, 48 h after irrigationor rain. Both methods could be used to predict ET since the ratioLEb/LEPT ranged between 0.83 and 0.95. The observed Bowen ratiovalues were almost 0 during and after rain and increased to approximately0.45 several days after rain. In San Adolfo LE was estimatingusing the Priestley-Taylor equation. For both sites the regressionanalysis for comparison available energy (Rn-G) and LE usingBREB or LEPT indicated that, approximately 90% of the availableenergy was consumed by LE without detecting significative advectiveconditions.
在阿根廷半干旱地区的大豆(Glycine max L. Merrill)田间进行了两项田间试验。研究地点为San Adolfo(39˚23′S, 62˚22′W, 22 m.a.s.l.)和Nueva Roma(38˚29′S, 62˚39′W, 70 m.a.s.l.)。大豆在1月4日(圣阿道夫)和11月27日(新罗马)连续两个生长季节种植，每行宽0.75米，产量为40万pl/ha。测定了从开花(R2)到成熟(R8)各生殖阶段的能量平衡和蒸散量(ET)。在灌溉或降雨后48 h，采用Bowen比值-能量平衡(BREB) (LEb)和priestley - taylor方程(LEPT) (αPT=1.26)估算了Nueva Roma的ET或潜热通量(LE)。这两种方法都可以用来预测ET，因为比值在0.83和0.95之间。降雨期间和雨后观测到的波温比几乎为0，雨后几天增加到0.45左右。在圣阿道夫，LE使用普利斯特里-泰勒方程进行估计。对于这两个站点，使用breb或LEPT对有效能量(r - g)和LE进行比较的回归分析表明，在没有检测到显著平流条件的情况下，大约90%的有效能量被LE消耗。
{"title":"Evapotranspiration and energy balance measurements over a soybean field in the semiarid sowthwestern region of Buenos Aires province (Argentina)","authors":"Cargnel, A. Orchansky, R. Brevedan, S. Baioni, M. Fioretti","doi":"10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.181","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were carried out in a semiaridregion of Argentina over a soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) field.The sites of study were San Adolfo (39˚ 23’ S, 62˚ 22’ W, 22 m.a.s.l.)and Nueva Roma (38˚ 29’ S, 62˚ 39’ W, 70 m.a.s.l.). Soybeans wereplanted on Jan 4 (San Adolfo) and Nov 27 (Nueva Roma) in 0.75m wide rows and at 400000 pl/ha during two consecutive growingseasons. Energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET) were estimatedduring the reproductive stages from full bloom (R2) to fullmaturity (R8). In Nueva Roma ET or latent heat flux (LE) was estimatedusing the Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) (LEb) and thePriestley-Taylor equation (LEPT) with αPT=1.26, 48 h after irrigationor rain. Both methods could be used to predict ET since the ratioLEb/LEPT ranged between 0.83 and 0.95. The observed Bowen ratiovalues were almost 0 during and after rain and increased to approximately0.45 several days after rain. In San Adolfo LE was estimatingusing the Priestley-Taylor equation. For both sites the regressionanalysis for comparison available energy (Rn-G) and LE usingBREB or LEPT indicated that, approximately 90% of the availableenergy was consumed by LE without detecting significative advectiveconditions.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"50 1","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78266683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.282
H. Ramírez, J. Sanchez-Canseco, Vm Zamora-Villa, Jh Rancaño-Arrioja
It is well established that the climatic change is alteringyield in fruit trees. This adversity reflects, among others, extremetemperature modifications in northern Mexico. This effect modifiesnegatively the physiology of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.),originating excessive shoot growth and a decrease in flower bud formation.In this study, Prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca), 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP) and N6-furfuryladenine (kinetin) were evaluated on shootand reproductive growth in Golden Delicious apple trees in ArteagaCoah., Mexico. A completely randomized design with 12 treatmentswas used. These were: Control, Prohexadione calcium (Ca-P) at dosesof 150, 300 and 450 mg/L, cytokinins (CK) [6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) + N6-furfuryladenine (kinetin)] at concentrations of 150 and300 mg/L, and combinations of these bioregulators to the doses mentioned.The experimental unit consisted of two trees per treatment.Variables evaluated were: shoot growth, fresh weight, vitamin C, andcarotenoid concentration in fruit and return bloom. P-Ca drasticallyreduced shoot growth and increased return bloom. Carotenoids andvitamin C concentrations were increased in fruits with this retardant.Cytokinins applied individually or in combination with P-Ca causedincrements on flower bud formation, fruit weight, and carotenoid andvitamin C concentrations in harvested fruits.
{"title":"Effect of Prohexadione calcium, 6-benzyl amino purine and 6-furfuryladenine on vegetative growth and fruit quality in apple","authors":"H. Ramírez, J. Sanchez-Canseco, Vm Zamora-Villa, Jh Rancaño-Arrioja","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2017.86.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2017.86.282","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that the climatic change is alteringyield in fruit trees. This adversity reflects, among others, extremetemperature modifications in northern Mexico. This effect modifiesnegatively the physiology of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.),originating excessive shoot growth and a decrease in flower bud formation.In this study, Prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca), 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP) and N6-furfuryladenine (kinetin) were evaluated on shootand reproductive growth in Golden Delicious apple trees in ArteagaCoah., Mexico. A completely randomized design with 12 treatmentswas used. These were: Control, Prohexadione calcium (Ca-P) at dosesof 150, 300 and 450 mg/L, cytokinins (CK) [6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) + N6-furfuryladenine (kinetin)] at concentrations of 150 and300 mg/L, and combinations of these bioregulators to the doses mentioned.The experimental unit consisted of two trees per treatment.Variables evaluated were: shoot growth, fresh weight, vitamin C, andcarotenoid concentration in fruit and return bloom. P-Ca drasticallyreduced shoot growth and increased return bloom. Carotenoids andvitamin C concentrations were increased in fruits with this retardant.Cytokinins applied individually or in combination with P-Ca causedincrements on flower bud formation, fruit weight, and carotenoid andvitamin C concentrations in harvested fruits.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"47 1 1","pages":"282-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79262805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.278
E. A. Díaz-Álvarez, AP Rojas-Cortés, E. Barrera
The epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia makoyana was studiedto assess the contribution of the environmental factors, water,temperature, and light, to the expression of the Crassulacean acid metabolism.In particular, nocturnal titratable acidity accumulation andmaximum leaf temperature were measured in response to wateringand incident light. Plants that were watered and exposed to directsunlight had the highest nocturnal accumulation of titratable acidity(25.52 ± 0.34 H+/m2), while those without irrigation and shadedshowed a 59% reduction in their titratable acidity. Our results illustrateda rapid response of the photosynthetic activity to water availabilityin Tillandsia makoyana, a native species from an ecosystemwhere this environmental factor fluctuates greatly.
{"title":"Nocturnal accumulation of titratable acidity in Tillandsia makoyana (Bromeliaceae), epiphytic bromeliad of the tropical dry forest","authors":"E. A. Díaz-Álvarez, AP Rojas-Cortés, E. Barrera","doi":"10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.278","url":null,"abstract":"The epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia makoyana was studiedto assess the contribution of the environmental factors, water,temperature, and light, to the expression of the Crassulacean acid metabolism.In particular, nocturnal titratable acidity accumulation andmaximum leaf temperature were measured in response to wateringand incident light. Plants that were watered and exposed to directsunlight had the highest nocturnal accumulation of titratable acidity(25.52 ± 0.34 H+/m2), while those without irrigation and shadedshowed a 59% reduction in their titratable acidity. Our results illustrateda rapid response of the photosynthetic activity to water availabilityin Tillandsia makoyana, a native species from an ecosystemwhere this environmental factor fluctuates greatly.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"234 1","pages":"278-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86417847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.214
Y. Massuh, L. Torres, Sf Ocaño, P. Bruentti, A. Chaves, J. Zygadlo, Ojeda
Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herb that isof great interest due to the bioactive properties of its essential oil (EO)and its industrial use. In Argentina, 0.5 tons/year of EO are obtainedfrom wild populations and commercialized with a value of 80-120US$/kg. The introduction of the species in culture, and the initiationof a process of domestication, selection and breeding material aimedat generating higher yields and quality of EO as an alternative to wildcollection. The goal of this work was to generate a population with abroad genetic base to obtain high phenotypic variability, and characterizethe individuals morphologically and chemically, thus identifyingand selecting those with outstanding characteristics. From seedsobtained by free crossing of plants of different provenances grown ina preliminary test, a population of broad genetic base was generatedin an experimental plot. Quantitative and qualitative morphologicaltraits were measured in all plants and the selection criteria were definedto form a selected population. The morphological selection criteria(height, plant structure and No of branches) were met by 26% ofthe evaluated plants, of which 2.7% presented interesting EO compositions(selected individuals). Descriptive, principal components andcorrespondence analysis were made. Great variability in the populationof broad genetic base was found regarding the analyzed characters.Since our character definitions allowed to compare and differentiatethe evaluated plants, they were considered as good descriptors of thespecies. The selected individuals were differentiated morphologicallyinto two groups and chemically into three groups, which differed intheir EO main compounds. The selection of these individuals constitutesthe initial stage of this ongoing work that will enable us to continuethe process of domestication and breeding of the species orientedto obtain selected chemotypes.
万寿菊(Tagetes minuta L.)是一种一年生草本植物，由于其精油(EO)的生物活性特性和工业用途而引起了人们的极大兴趣。在阿根廷，每年从野生种群中获得0.5吨EO，并以每公斤80-120美元的价格进行商业化。将该物种引入栽培，并开始驯化、选择和育种材料的过程，旨在提高EO的产量和质量，作为野生采收的替代方案。本工作的目标是产生具有良好遗传基础的种群，以获得高表型变异性，并对个体进行形态和化学表征，从而识别和选择具有突出特征的个体。在初步试验中，利用不同种源植物自由杂交获得的种子，在试验田中形成了一个遗传基础广泛的群体。测定了所有植株的数量和质量形态性状，确定了选择标准，形成了一个选择群体。26%的被评估植物满足形态选择标准(株高、株结构和枝数)，其中2.7%的被评估植物具有有趣的EO组成(被评估个体)。进行了描述性分析、主成分分析和对应分析。在广泛遗传基础的群体中，所分析的性状有很大的变异性。由于我们的特征定义允许比较和区分被评估的植物，它们被认为是物种的良好描述符。所选个体在形态上分为两组，在化学上分为三组，它们的EO主要成分不同。这些个体的选择构成了这项正在进行的工作的初始阶段，这将使我们能够继续驯化和繁殖物种的过程，以获得选定的化学型。
{"title":"Generation and characterization of a population of Tagetes minuta of broad genetic base - Obtaining selected individuals","authors":"Y. Massuh, L. Torres, Sf Ocaño, P. Bruentti, A. Chaves, J. Zygadlo, Ojeda","doi":"10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.214","url":null,"abstract":"Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herb that isof great interest due to the bioactive properties of its essential oil (EO)and its industrial use. In Argentina, 0.5 tons/year of EO are obtainedfrom wild populations and commercialized with a value of 80-120US$/kg. The introduction of the species in culture, and the initiationof a process of domestication, selection and breeding material aimedat generating higher yields and quality of EO as an alternative to wildcollection. The goal of this work was to generate a population with abroad genetic base to obtain high phenotypic variability, and characterizethe individuals morphologically and chemically, thus identifyingand selecting those with outstanding characteristics. From seedsobtained by free crossing of plants of different provenances grown ina preliminary test, a population of broad genetic base was generatedin an experimental plot. Quantitative and qualitative morphologicaltraits were measured in all plants and the selection criteria were definedto form a selected population. The morphological selection criteria(height, plant structure and No of branches) were met by 26% ofthe evaluated plants, of which 2.7% presented interesting EO compositions(selected individuals). Descriptive, principal components andcorrespondence analysis were made. Great variability in the populationof broad genetic base was found regarding the analyzed characters.Since our character definitions allowed to compare and differentiatethe evaluated plants, they were considered as good descriptors of thespecies. The selected individuals were differentiated morphologicallyinto two groups and chemically into three groups, which differed intheir EO main compounds. The selection of these individuals constitutesthe initial stage of this ongoing work that will enable us to continuethe process of domestication and breeding of the species orientedto obtain selected chemotypes.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"46 1","pages":"214-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89948838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.131
F. Muñoz, V. E. Ruiz, C. Bouzo
The aim of this work was to study the effect of preharvestfoliar spraying with calcium nitrate solutions on the fruitmelon quality. Treatments included a combination of five solutionswith Ca(NO3)2 (0.0; 1.3; 2.6; 5.2 and 10.5 g/L) and two postharveststorage environments [(24.0 ± 1.5 °C and 6.4 ± 0,8 mbar ofvapor pressure deficit (VPD), and 10.0 ± 0.5 °C and 3.0 ± 0.5 mbar(VPD)]. Fruits stored at 24 ˚C for 11 days had the lowest water losswith treatments 1.3 and 2.6 g/L Ca (NO3)2. It was observed thatat both 24 °C and 10 °C, fruits that had a greater firmness at the2.6 and 5.2 g/L of Ca(NO3)2 treatments, respectively. No differences(P>0.05) were observed in total soluble solids (TSS) between treatmentsand storage environments. However, spotting of the epidermisof the fruits increased as the Ca(NO3)2 concentration also increased.
{"title":"Effect of preharvest foliar sprays of calcium nitrate on melon fruit quality","authors":"F. Muñoz, V. E. Ruiz, C. Bouzo","doi":"10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.131","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to study the effect of preharvestfoliar spraying with calcium nitrate solutions on the fruitmelon quality. Treatments included a combination of five solutionswith Ca(NO3)2 (0.0; 1.3; 2.6; 5.2 and 10.5 g/L) and two postharveststorage environments [(24.0 ± 1.5 °C and 6.4 ± 0,8 mbar ofvapor pressure deficit (VPD), and 10.0 ± 0.5 °C and 3.0 ± 0.5 mbar(VPD)]. Fruits stored at 24 ˚C for 11 days had the lowest water losswith treatments 1.3 and 2.6 g/L Ca (NO3)2. It was observed thatat both 24 °C and 10 °C, fruits that had a greater firmness at the2.6 and 5.2 g/L of Ca(NO3)2 treatments, respectively. No differences(P>0.05) were observed in total soluble solids (TSS) between treatmentsand storage environments. However, spotting of the epidermisof the fruits increased as the Ca(NO3)2 concentration also increased.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"8 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87377625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.097
F. Maldonado, J. Ramírez, M. Rubí, X. Antônio, A. Lara, A. Acosta, R. Rivera, A. Avila
Avocado (Lauraceae: Persea americana Mill.) is a cropof great economic importance for Mexico in terms of perennialproduction systems, since in recent years the marketing of this fruithas increased markedly at national and international levels. In 2013,168113.64 ha were cultivated in Mexico, with an average yield of 10.2ton/ha, obtaining a production of approximately 1467837.35 ton.Like any other fruit can suffer damage from pests (insects, nematodes,mites etc.) and diseases (caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses). In thisregard, one of the most problematic insects is Frankliniella occidentalis,which causes significant crop losses, feeding preferably on softtissues such as leaf buds, flowers, young leaves and developing fruits.The most severe damage, economically speaking, is notorious at firstglance, and that it causes ridges or bumps on the pericarp, and theselesions are more apparent as the fruit ripens. The aim of this studywas to model the spatial distribution of Frankliniella occidentalis usinggeostatistical techniques and density maps obtained by kriging. Thesamplings were carried out fortnightly in three commercial plots offour acres each in the town of Coatepec Harinas, State of Mexico usingthe method of quadrants. The results indicated that the spatial distributionof populations of F. occidentalis was aggregated in each of thesampling distribution dates; cross-values validation semivariogramscorroborated that information, and also a high spatial dependence.The maps obtained allowed to define infested areas and areas free ofdamage, thus establishing control measures at specific points in eachplot to make an efficient use of pesticides.
{"title":"Modelling the spatial behavior of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in growing avocado","authors":"F. Maldonado, J. Ramírez, M. Rubí, X. Antônio, A. Lara, A. Acosta, R. Rivera, A. Avila","doi":"10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/PHYTON.2017.86.097","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado (Lauraceae: Persea americana Mill.) is a cropof great economic importance for Mexico in terms of perennialproduction systems, since in recent years the marketing of this fruithas increased markedly at national and international levels. In 2013,168113.64 ha were cultivated in Mexico, with an average yield of 10.2ton/ha, obtaining a production of approximately 1467837.35 ton.Like any other fruit can suffer damage from pests (insects, nematodes,mites etc.) and diseases (caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses). In thisregard, one of the most problematic insects is Frankliniella occidentalis,which causes significant crop losses, feeding preferably on softtissues such as leaf buds, flowers, young leaves and developing fruits.The most severe damage, economically speaking, is notorious at firstglance, and that it causes ridges or bumps on the pericarp, and theselesions are more apparent as the fruit ripens. The aim of this studywas to model the spatial distribution of Frankliniella occidentalis usinggeostatistical techniques and density maps obtained by kriging. Thesamplings were carried out fortnightly in three commercial plots offour acres each in the town of Coatepec Harinas, State of Mexico usingthe method of quadrants. The results indicated that the spatial distributionof populations of F. occidentalis was aggregated in each of thesampling distribution dates; cross-values validation semivariogramscorroborated that information, and also a high spatial dependence.The maps obtained allowed to define infested areas and areas free ofdamage, thus establishing control measures at specific points in eachplot to make an efficient use of pesticides.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"130 5 1","pages":"97-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88539453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2017.86.236
L. Xie, X. Wang, M. Peng, Y.G. Zhou, Lx Chen, Lx Liu, Yl Gao, Yh Guo
Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important cropall over the world. To explore and identify differentially expressedproteins of hot pepper after space flight, three space-induced mutants(Y1, Y2 and Y3), which obtained new traits after space flightcompared with their control lines (W1 and W2), were analyzed usingcomparative proteome analysis. In this study, leaf morphologicalcharacteristics of five kinds of hot pepper variations were evaluatedby scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). Results showed that obvious changes of cellularstructure were seen in space induced mutants. Thirty nine out ofthe 255 differentially expressed proteins were successfully sequenced.Among these 39 proteins, 31 were homologous with known proteins,and the others were set as a hypothetical protein. All identifiedproteins were further classified into six groups including proteinmetabolism, energy metabolism and photosynthesis. In conclusion,these findings will benefit for the research of mutagenic mechanismsat the level of proteomics, and provide an effective way for new hotpepper breeding.
{"title":"Comparative proteome analysis in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) after space flight","authors":"L. Xie, X. Wang, M. Peng, Y.G. Zhou, Lx Chen, Lx Liu, Yl Gao, Yh Guo","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2017.86.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2017.86.236","url":null,"abstract":"Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important cropall over the world. To explore and identify differentially expressedproteins of hot pepper after space flight, three space-induced mutants(Y1, Y2 and Y3), which obtained new traits after space flightcompared with their control lines (W1 and W2), were analyzed usingcomparative proteome analysis. In this study, leaf morphologicalcharacteristics of five kinds of hot pepper variations were evaluatedby scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). Results showed that obvious changes of cellularstructure were seen in space induced mutants. Thirty nine out ofthe 255 differentially expressed proteins were successfully sequenced.Among these 39 proteins, 31 were homologous with known proteins,and the others were set as a hypothetical protein. All identifiedproteins were further classified into six groups including proteinmetabolism, energy metabolism and photosynthesis. In conclusion,these findings will benefit for the research of mutagenic mechanismsat the level of proteomics, and provide an effective way for new hotpepper breeding.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"37 1","pages":"236-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76743716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Constituents of Cichorium intybus L. Aerial Parts","authors":"R. Jasim","doi":"10.3923/IJB.2018.24.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJB.2018.24.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"13 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77326335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.256
E. Cerna-Chávez, Y. Martínez-Martínez, J. Landeros-Flores, L. Aguirre-Úribe, Sánchez-Valdes, Melchor Cepeda-Siller, Omegar Hernández-Bautista, Y. Ochoa-Fuentes
Bemisia tabaci (Gennaadius) biotype B is one of themost important pests due to the number of hosts and economic lossesit produces. Its control is based on the application of chemicals,which has led to resistance problems. However, the host may also influencethe induction of resistance to pesticides. Therefore, the presentstudy evaluated the susceptibility of populations of B. tabaci biotypeB developed indifferent hosts to three insecticides belonging todifferent toxicological groups. Bemisia tabaci biotype B populationswere collected and reared in six different hosts (three crops and threeassociated weeds: Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum nigrum, Phaseolusvulgaris, Melampodium divaricatum, Cucurbita spp. and Heliotropiumangiospermun) in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. By using the dippingbioassay method with nymphs five- to eight-days-old, the CL50 wasdetermined. The higher values of bifenthrin were recorded on M.divaricatum and S. nigrum with 278.74 and 177.76 ppm, respectively.For imidacloprid, S. lycopersicum and S. nigrum recorded 179.59 and168.59 ppm, respectively. Finally for endosulfan, M. divaricatum andH. angiospermun registered values of 134.57 and 156.52 ppm, respectively.Therefore, the host affected the tolerance of Bemisia tabaci biotypeB to insecticides, primarily because of the induced resistance ofeach of the plant species that served as hosts, providing the ability todetoxify the various pesticides by using enzymes.
{"title":"Variation in susceptibility to insecticides in Bemisia tabaci biotype B fed on different hosts","authors":"E. Cerna-Chávez, Y. Martínez-Martínez, J. Landeros-Flores, L. Aguirre-Úribe, Sánchez-Valdes, Melchor Cepeda-Siller, Omegar Hernández-Bautista, Y. Ochoa-Fuentes","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.256","url":null,"abstract":"Bemisia tabaci (Gennaadius) biotype B is one of themost important pests due to the number of hosts and economic lossesit produces. Its control is based on the application of chemicals,which has led to resistance problems. However, the host may also influencethe induction of resistance to pesticides. Therefore, the presentstudy evaluated the susceptibility of populations of B. tabaci biotypeB developed indifferent hosts to three insecticides belonging todifferent toxicological groups. Bemisia tabaci biotype B populationswere collected and reared in six different hosts (three crops and threeassociated weeds: Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum nigrum, Phaseolusvulgaris, Melampodium divaricatum, Cucurbita spp. and Heliotropiumangiospermun) in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. By using the dippingbioassay method with nymphs five- to eight-days-old, the CL50 wasdetermined. The higher values of bifenthrin were recorded on M.divaricatum and S. nigrum with 278.74 and 177.76 ppm, respectively.For imidacloprid, S. lycopersicum and S. nigrum recorded 179.59 and168.59 ppm, respectively. Finally for endosulfan, M. divaricatum andH. angiospermun registered values of 134.57 and 156.52 ppm, respectively.Therefore, the host affected the tolerance of Bemisia tabaci biotypeB to insecticides, primarily because of the induced resistance ofeach of the plant species that served as hosts, providing the ability todetoxify the various pesticides by using enzymes.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":"256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90760780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2016.85.262
Amal M. Hassan, E. Mostafa
Plants of Azolla caroliniana were treated with differentselenium concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 ppm) for seven days.Selenium (Se) content in Azolla plants increased significantly withincreasing Se concentrations in the culture media up to 5 ppm. Thisindicated that Azolla plants were a good accumulator for Se. Seleniumaccumulation determined changes in Azolla biomass, doublingtime and relative growth rates. Treatment of Azolla plants with lowconcentrations of Se (1 ppm) resulted in a significant increase in biomass.This was accompanied by a reduction in hydrogen peroxide andmalondialdehyde (MDA) contents; the decrease percentages were78% and 60%, respectively at 1 ppm Se in comparison with the control.At higher Se concentrations (>5 ppm), there was a significantincrease in H2O2 and MDA contents, these increases were 3.2- and2.8-fold at 10 ppm Se in comparison to controls, respectively. Comparedto that in controls, total ascorbate as well as total glutathionecontents, were significantly increased. The activity of the GR enzymewas significantly increased in Azolla plants with addition of differentconcentrations of Se. The increase was 2.2- and 3.4-fold at 2 and7 ppm Se, respectively. The addition of high concentrations of Se(>5 ppm) to the growth media resulted in a significant increase inthe GSH-PX and APX activities in Azolla plants. Thus, addition ofSe affects Azolla plants, and these effects change from beneficial totoxic, as reflected in the metabolism and growth of the plants.
{"title":"Selenium invoked antioxidant defense system in Azolla caroliniana plant","authors":"Amal M. Hassan, E. Mostafa","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2016.85.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2016.85.262","url":null,"abstract":"Plants of Azolla caroliniana were treated with differentselenium concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 ppm) for seven days.Selenium (Se) content in Azolla plants increased significantly withincreasing Se concentrations in the culture media up to 5 ppm. Thisindicated that Azolla plants were a good accumulator for Se. Seleniumaccumulation determined changes in Azolla biomass, doublingtime and relative growth rates. Treatment of Azolla plants with lowconcentrations of Se (1 ppm) resulted in a significant increase in biomass.This was accompanied by a reduction in hydrogen peroxide andmalondialdehyde (MDA) contents; the decrease percentages were78% and 60%, respectively at 1 ppm Se in comparison with the control.At higher Se concentrations (>5 ppm), there was a significantincrease in H2O2 and MDA contents, these increases were 3.2- and2.8-fold at 10 ppm Se in comparison to controls, respectively. Comparedto that in controls, total ascorbate as well as total glutathionecontents, were significantly increased. The activity of the GR enzymewas significantly increased in Azolla plants with addition of differentconcentrations of Se. The increase was 2.2- and 3.4-fold at 2 and7 ppm Se, respectively. The addition of high concentrations of Se(>5 ppm) to the growth media resulted in a significant increase inthe GSH-PX and APX activities in Azolla plants. Thus, addition ofSe affects Azolla plants, and these effects change from beneficial totoxic, as reflected in the metabolism and growth of the plants.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":"262-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86984496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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