{"title":"Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation on the improvement of iron deficiency in tomato","authors":"Takeshi Nagata","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3117/PLANTROOT.11.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69620853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Symbiosis-specific changes in antioxidative ability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozyme in mycorrhizal asparagus plants through the inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi (Foa, MAFF305556) were investigated. Dry weight of shoots and roots increased more in AMF (Gi, Glomus intraradices ; GM, Gigaspora margarita )-inoculated plants than the control. Eight weeks after Foa inoculation, the incidence and severity of Fusarium root rot were alleviated in both AMF-inoculated plants, compared to the control, which were not alleviated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity increased in both AMF-in-oculated plants more than in the control before and after Foa inoculation, and increased in all asparagus roots due to Foa inoculation. As for SOD isozymes in roots before Foa inoculation, the Rf = 0.37 (Cu/Zn-SOD) band had a higher intensity in both Gi and GM compared to the control. Eight weeks after Foa inoculation, Rf = 0.33 and 0.37 (Cu/Zn-SODs) showed a higher intensity in both Gi and GM compared to the control. Though AM fungal difference appeared in the intensity of Rf = 0.25 (Mn/Fe-SOD); GM had a higher intensity than Gi, Cu/Zn bands had a clearly higher intensity than Mn/Fe band. These findings supposed that tolerance to Fusarium root rot in mycorrhizal asparagus plants might be closely associated with the changes in SOD activity and isozymes, especially in Cu/ Zn-SODs.
{"title":"Changes in SOD isozyme in mycorrhizal asparagus inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"Jia Liu, Y. Matsubara","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.26","url":null,"abstract":": Symbiosis-specific changes in antioxidative ability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozyme in mycorrhizal asparagus plants through the inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi (Foa, MAFF305556) were investigated. Dry weight of shoots and roots increased more in AMF (Gi, Glomus intraradices ; GM, Gigaspora margarita )-inoculated plants than the control. Eight weeks after Foa inoculation, the incidence and severity of Fusarium root rot were alleviated in both AMF-inoculated plants, compared to the control, which were not alleviated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity increased in both AMF-in-oculated plants more than in the control before and after Foa inoculation, and increased in all asparagus roots due to Foa inoculation. As for SOD isozymes in roots before Foa inoculation, the Rf = 0.37 (Cu/Zn-SOD) band had a higher intensity in both Gi and GM compared to the control. Eight weeks after Foa inoculation, Rf = 0.33 and 0.37 (Cu/Zn-SODs) showed a higher intensity in both Gi and GM compared to the control. Though AM fungal difference appeared in the intensity of Rf = 0.25 (Mn/Fe-SOD); GM had a higher intensity than Gi, Cu/Zn bands had a clearly higher intensity than Mn/Fe band. These findings supposed that tolerance to Fusarium root rot in mycorrhizal asparagus plants might be closely associated with the changes in SOD activity and isozymes, especially in Cu/ Zn-SODs.","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"10 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69620790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytotoxicity of Se(IV), Se(VI), Cu and Zn to Sinapis alba L. seedlings was expressed by inhibition of selected physiological processes (root and shoot growth, fresh and dry biomass production, water content) and correlated with their bioaccumulation. Roots growth was inhibited more than that of shoots and only Se(IV) reduced also shoots growth (IC50= 25.8 mg L). Se(VI) decreased more roots (IC50= 23.6 mg L) than shoots growth (IC50= 461.4 mg L). Phytotoxicity to roots growth increased as follows: Zn < Se(VI)≅Cu < Se(IV). All metals, except Cu, decreased more roots and shoots fresh mass than that of dry mass. Water content was for all (semi)metals more depressed in shoots, however, for Zn any significant changes in roots WC were confirmed. In any case transportation index Ti overreached value 1 and that indicate metals storage in the roots; however, for control the opposite results were obtained. While the highest bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was determined for Cu in both roots (1.016) and shoots (0.271) the lowest values for this parameter were confirmed for Se(VI) in the roots (0.061) and for Se(IV) in the shoots (0.010). While in the control Cu, Se and Zn content was higher in the shoots, treatment with these metals increased their accumulation mainly in the roots. Statistically negative correlation was confirmed among Se(IV), Se(VI) and Cu accumulation in the roots and water content in the roots, and among Se(IV) and Cu accumulation in the roots and water content in the shoots.
{"title":"Se(IV), Se(VI), Cu and Zn phytotoxicity in correlation to their accumulation in Sinapis alba L. seedlings","authors":"M. Molnárová, A. Fargašová","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"Phytotoxicity of Se(IV), Se(VI), Cu and Zn to Sinapis alba L. seedlings was expressed by inhibition of selected physiological processes (root and shoot growth, fresh and dry biomass production, water content) and correlated with their bioaccumulation. Roots growth was inhibited more than that of shoots and only Se(IV) reduced also shoots growth (IC50= 25.8 mg L). Se(VI) decreased more roots (IC50= 23.6 mg L) than shoots growth (IC50= 461.4 mg L). Phytotoxicity to roots growth increased as follows: Zn < Se(VI)≅Cu < Se(IV). All metals, except Cu, decreased more roots and shoots fresh mass than that of dry mass. Water content was for all (semi)metals more depressed in shoots, however, for Zn any significant changes in roots WC were confirmed. In any case transportation index Ti overreached value 1 and that indicate metals storage in the roots; however, for control the opposite results were obtained. While the highest bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was determined for Cu in both roots (1.016) and shoots (0.271) the lowest values for this parameter were confirmed for Se(VI) in the roots (0.061) and for Se(IV) in the shoots (0.010). While in the control Cu, Se and Zn content was higher in the shoots, treatment with these metals increased their accumulation mainly in the roots. Statistically negative correlation was confirmed among Se(IV), Se(VI) and Cu accumulation in the roots and water content in the roots, and among Se(IV) and Cu accumulation in the roots and water content in the shoots.","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"10 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69620721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hirotake Ito, Miki Kaneko, Takatoshi Nakamura, Yozo Nakazawa, H. Yoshida
A simple method for evaluating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root system characteristics at an early growth stage is needed. We used a hydrogel polymer medium to visualize the growth characteristics of seminal roots. The method is straightforward, and the medium is inexpensive and can easily be adjusted to better visualize the rooting characteristics. We found that: a) the optimum preparation conditions involve the addition of distilled water at about 98oC to the hydrogel, which leads to low root penetration resistance and enough oxygen to avoid hypoxic damage; b) 97.8% of seeds germinated and the roots of all plants that germinated penetrated the hydrogel medium. c) the hydrogel medium is well suited for observing the first opposite seminal (adventitious) roots in wheat plants, making it possible to discriminate differences in growth angles among cultivars. This strategy can be used to identify deep-rooting cultivars. This method could be used for evaluation of genetic resources.
{"title":"Comparison of root growth angles of wheat cultivars grown in a hydrogel polymer medium","authors":"Hirotake Ito, Miki Kaneko, Takatoshi Nakamura, Yozo Nakazawa, H. Yoshida","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"A simple method for evaluating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root system characteristics at an early growth stage is needed. We used a hydrogel polymer medium to visualize the growth characteristics of seminal roots. The method is straightforward, and the medium is inexpensive and can easily be adjusted to better visualize the rooting characteristics. We found that: a) the optimum preparation conditions involve the addition of distilled water at about 98oC to the hydrogel, which leads to low root penetration resistance and enough oxygen to avoid hypoxic damage; b) 97.8% of seeds germinated and the roots of all plants that germinated penetrated the hydrogel medium. c) the hydrogel medium is well suited for observing the first opposite seminal (adventitious) roots in wheat plants, making it possible to discriminate differences in growth angles among cultivars. This strategy can be used to identify deep-rooting cultivars. This method could be used for evaluation of genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"10 1","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69620837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Container production of Serianthes nelsonii Merr. plants for out-planting within the endemic range is a major component of the plan to recover the critically endangered tree species. We exploited the ability to prune roots with copper or with strategically placed air holes in container walls to determine if root quantity or quality would increase in comparison to traditional container design. Following 23 days of growth after transplanting, new root length and root dry weight did not differ among the container types. However, most roots from the control and copper-treated containers developed from the bottom of the root system, and direction of root growth was primarily geotropic. In contrast, the air-pruning containers produced plants with plagiotropic root growth near the soil surface. Root growth was positioned with 58% in the top two-thirds of a rhizotron window for the air-pruning, 29% for the copper-pruning, and 16% for the control containers. Our results indicate that direction but not length or dry weight of post-transplant root growth was changed by use of air-pruning containers. For a critically endangered tree like Serianthes nelsonii, the improved root morphology afforded by containers that use air-pruning of roots in the nursery may improve tree stability following transplanting.
{"title":"Chemical and air pruning of roots influence post-transplant root traits of the critically endangered Serianthes nelsonii","authors":"T. Marler, Cameron Musser","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.21","url":null,"abstract":"Container production of Serianthes nelsonii Merr. plants for out-planting within the endemic range is a major component of the plan to recover the critically endangered tree species. We exploited the ability to prune roots with copper or with strategically placed air holes in container walls to determine if root quantity or quality would increase in comparison to traditional container design. Following 23 days of growth after transplanting, new root length and root dry weight did not differ among the container types. However, most roots from the control and copper-treated containers developed from the bottom of the root system, and direction of root growth was primarily geotropic. In contrast, the air-pruning containers produced plants with plagiotropic root growth near the soil surface. Root growth was positioned with 58% in the top two-thirds of a rhizotron window for the air-pruning, 29% for the copper-pruning, and 16% for the control containers. Our results indicate that direction but not length or dry weight of post-transplant root growth was changed by use of air-pruning containers. For a critically endangered tree like Serianthes nelsonii, the improved root morphology afforded by containers that use air-pruning of roots in the nursery may improve tree stability following transplanting.","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"10 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3117/PLANTROOT.10.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69620778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 Shiiba Research Forest, Kyushu University Forest, Kyushu University, 949 Ohkawauchi, Shiiba-son, Miyazaki 883-0402, Japan 2 Department of Natural Resources, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan 3 Department of Forest and Biomaterial Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 4 Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan Corresponding author: T. Hishi, E-mail: hishi@forest.kyushu-u.ac.jp, Phone: +81-983-38-1116, Fax: +81-983-38-1004
{"title":"Recent advances in woody plant: Preface to a special issue in Plant Root","authors":"Takuo Hishi, M. Dannoura, I. Karahara","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.68","url":null,"abstract":"1 Shiiba Research Forest, Kyushu University Forest, Kyushu University, 949 Ohkawauchi, Shiiba-son, Miyazaki 883-0402, Japan 2 Department of Natural Resources, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan 3 Department of Forest and Biomaterial Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 4 Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan Corresponding author: T. Hishi, E-mail: hishi@forest.kyushu-u.ac.jp, Phone: +81-983-38-1116, Fax: +81-983-38-1004","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"9 1","pages":"68-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takuo Hishi, Naoaki Tashiro, Yuka Maeda, R. Urakawa, H. Shibata
The importance of fine roots in forest ecosystem processes is well known. However, the contribution of understory vegetation to underground ecosystem processes is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that fine-root biomass (FRB) and performance of the overstory and understory independently decrease with increasing soil N availability in cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved natural forests and larch plantations in Japan. The mean contribution of understory FRB to total FRB (tree + understory) ranged from 4% to 78% (mean 37%). Tree FRB was negatively correlated with understory FRB, and understory FRB was dominant to tree FRB in infertile soil. Understory and total FRB were negatively correlated with soil net N mineralization rate, whereas tree FRB showed a quadratic relationship with soil N mineralization rate with the peak observed at mineralization of 58.4 kg N ha−1 y−1. The low tree FRB at infertile sites may be due to a belowground competitive effect of understory fine roots on tree FRB. Understory fine-root nitrogen concentration (FRN) and leaf to fine-root (L/FR) ratio were positively correlated with N mineralization rate. However, tree L/FR was not significantly correlated, whereas tree FRN was positively correlated, with soil N mineralization rate, suggesting that the leaf production efficiency of trees might not increase even on infertile soil. We suggest that belowground processes of overstory trees might change depending on understory vegetation, and that understory vegetation might affect the fine roots of overstory trees, which did not increase mass allocation but increased N use efficiency under low FRN.
细根在森林生态系统过程中的重要性是众所周知的。然而，林下植被对地下生态系统过程的贡献尚不清楚。在日本寒温带落叶阔叶天然林和落叶松人工林中，细根生物量(FRB)和林下生物量随土壤氮有效性的增加而分别下降。林下FRB对总FRB(乔木+林下)的平均贡献率为4% ~ 78%(平均为37%)。在贫瘠土壤中，树木FRB与林下FRB呈负相关，林下FRB对树木FRB具有优势。林下植被和总FRB与土壤净N矿化率呈负相关，而树木FRB与土壤N矿化率呈二次关系，在矿化58.4 kg N ha−1 y−1时达到峰值。不育区树木FRB低可能是由于林下细根对树木FRB的地下竞争作用所致。林下细根氮浓度(FRN)和叶细根氮比(L/FR)与氮矿化率呈正相关。然而，树木的L/FR与土壤氮矿化率不显著相关，而树木的FRN与土壤氮矿化率正相关，说明即使在贫瘠土壤上，树木的产叶效率也可能不会提高。研究结果表明，林下植被可能会影响林下植被的细根，在低FRN条件下，林下植被对林下植被的质量分配没有增加，但提高了N的利用效率。
{"title":"Spatial patterns of fine root biomass and performances of understory dwarf bamboo and trees along with the gradient of soil N availability in broad-leaved natural forests and larch plantation","authors":"Takuo Hishi, Naoaki Tashiro, Yuka Maeda, R. Urakawa, H. Shibata","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.85","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of fine roots in forest ecosystem processes is well known. However, the contribution of understory vegetation to underground ecosystem processes is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that fine-root biomass (FRB) and performance of the overstory and understory independently decrease with increasing soil N availability in cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved natural forests and larch plantations in Japan. The mean contribution of understory FRB to total FRB (tree + understory) ranged from 4% to 78% (mean 37%). Tree FRB was negatively correlated with understory FRB, and understory FRB was dominant to tree FRB in infertile soil. Understory and total FRB were negatively correlated with soil net N mineralization rate, whereas tree FRB showed a quadratic relationship with soil N mineralization rate with the peak observed at mineralization of 58.4 kg N ha−1 y−1. The low tree FRB at infertile sites may be due to a belowground competitive effect of understory fine roots on tree FRB. Understory fine-root nitrogen concentration (FRN) and leaf to fine-root (L/FR) ratio were positively correlated with N mineralization rate. However, tree L/FR was not significantly correlated, whereas tree FRN was positively correlated, with soil N mineralization rate, suggesting that the leaf production efficiency of trees might not increase even on infertile soil. We suggest that belowground processes of overstory trees might change depending on understory vegetation, and that understory vegetation might affect the fine roots of overstory trees, which did not increase mass allocation but increased N use efficiency under low FRN.","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"9 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69623008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A little sorrow and some notable joys of the year","authors":"I. Karahara","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mt. Hayachine in Iwate prefecture is characterized by serpentine site, which is known to have high concentrations of Ni. In general, few plants that can tolerate high concentrations of Ni can grow in serpentine soil. Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai occurs naturally on Mt. Hayachine. In this study, we hypothesized that T. dolabrata var. hondai shows Ni tolerance due to detoxification by phenolics. We collected T. dolabrata var. hondai seedlings and root-zone soil from the Kadoma National Forest on Mt. Hayachine to analyze the concentrations of Ni, other heavy metals, and macronutrients. The seedling roots had high concentrations of Ni. Further, we conducted a pot experiment by using 1-month-old sterile seedlings grown in three types of sterilized soils—Kadoma soil (obtained from the Kadoma National Forest), Tsugaru forest soil, and nursery soil—and compared the concentrations of Ni, nutrients, and catechin, as well as the growth of seedlings in the different soils. The pot experiment indicated that the roots of seedlings grown in Kadoma forest soil contained high concentrations of Ni and catechin, which could act as an antioxidant and a possible Ni-chelating compound that detoxified Ni in the plant cells. We concluded that T. dolabrata var. hondai seedlings growing in the serpentine site of Mt. Hayachine accumulated Ni and could detoxify it by producing high concentrations of catechin.
岩手县的Hayachine山以蛇纹石遗址为特征，已知具有高浓度的镍。一般来说，很少有能忍受高浓度镍的植物能在蛇形土壤中生长。日本虎叶opsis dolabrata var. hondai自然生长在Hayachine山上。在这项研究中，我们假设，由于酚类物质的解毒作用，本田T. dolabrata var. hondai表现出耐镍性。我们在Hayachine山的Kadoma国家森林收集了T. dolabrata varo hondai幼苗和根区土壤，分析了Ni、其他重金属和常量营养素的浓度。幼苗根部含高浓度镍。此外，我们进行了盆栽试验，将1个月大的不育幼苗生长在三种灭菌土壤中——Kadoma土壤(来自Kadoma国家森林)、Tsugaru森林土壤和苗圃土壤——比较了Ni、养分和儿茶素的浓度，以及幼苗在不同土壤中的生长情况。盆栽试验表明，在Kadoma森林土壤中生长的幼苗根系中含有高浓度的Ni和儿茶素，这可能是一种抗氧化剂和可能的Ni螯合化合物，可以解毒植物细胞中的Ni。本研究认为，生长在哈亚契山蛇形岩遗址的日本稻(T. dolabrata vara hondai)幼苗积累了大量的镍，并能通过产生高浓度的儿茶素来解毒。
{"title":"Catechin production in roots of Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai in soils on Mt. Hayachine with high Ni concentrations","authors":"S. Okimura, K. Yamaji, G. Hitsuma, S. Mori","doi":"10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.70","url":null,"abstract":"Mt. Hayachine in Iwate prefecture is characterized by serpentine site, which is known to have high concentrations of Ni. In general, few plants that can tolerate high concentrations of Ni can grow in serpentine soil. Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai occurs naturally on Mt. Hayachine. In this study, we hypothesized that T. dolabrata var. hondai shows Ni tolerance due to detoxification by phenolics. We collected T. dolabrata var. hondai seedlings and root-zone soil from the Kadoma National Forest on Mt. Hayachine to analyze the concentrations of Ni, other heavy metals, and macronutrients. The seedling roots had high concentrations of Ni. Further, we conducted a pot experiment by using 1-month-old sterile seedlings grown in three types of sterilized soils—Kadoma soil (obtained from the Kadoma National Forest), Tsugaru forest soil, and nursery soil—and compared the concentrations of Ni, nutrients, and catechin, as well as the growth of seedlings in the different soils. The pot experiment indicated that the roots of seedlings grown in Kadoma forest soil contained high concentrations of Ni and catechin, which could act as an antioxidant and a possible Ni-chelating compound that detoxified Ni in the plant cells. We concluded that T. dolabrata var. hondai seedlings growing in the serpentine site of Mt. Hayachine accumulated Ni and could detoxify it by producing high concentrations of catechin.","PeriodicalId":20205,"journal":{"name":"Plant Root","volume":"9 1","pages":"70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3117/PLANTROOT.9.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junko Nagakura, A. Akama, H. Shigenaga, T. Mizoguchi, T. Yamanaka, Ayumi Tanaka‐Oda, T. Tange
Anthropogenically increased nitrogen (N) deposition may affect the nutrient dynamics of forested ecosystems. To investigate the potential effects of excessive N deposition on Japanese forests, we treated the soil in a 20-year-old Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) stand with 10 l m −2 of 10 mM HNO3 solution, 10 mM NH4NO3 solution, or tap water (as a control), monthly for 7 years. A total of 168 and 336 kg N ha −1 year −1 was added in the HNO3 and NH4NO3 plots, respectively. Tree growth, the amount of nutrients and the carbon concentration of both current shoots and fine roots (<2 mm in diameter) in the surface soil (0-5 cm) were measured. The foliar N concentration increased in both N-fertilized plots during the first 3 years, particularly in the NH4NO3 plots. Similarly, the fine-root N concentration was greater in the N-fertilized plots than in the control plots. However, growth in both height and diameter at breast height of Japanese cedar trees were not significantly affected by N fertilization. The foliar K and P concentrations tended to decrease in treatment plots over time when compared with the control plots. Our study suggests that 7 years of excessive N fertilization had no positive or negative effect on the growth of young Japanese cedar trees, although the nutrient status of current shoots and fine roots was altered.
人为增加的氮沉降可能影响森林生态系统的营养动态。为了研究过量氮沉降对日本森林的潜在影响，我们在一个20年的日本杉木(Cryptomeria japonica)林分土壤中使用10 l m−2的10 mM HNO3溶液、10 mM NH4NO3溶液或自来水(作为对照)，每月处理7年。在HNO3和NH4NO3地块上分别添加168和336 kg N ha−1年−1。测定树木生长情况，测定表层土壤(0 ~ 5 cm)细根(直径<2 mm)和细根(current shoots)的养分含量和碳浓度。前3年，两种施氮地块的叶片氮浓度均呈上升趋势，其中以硝态氮处理最为显著。施氮小区的细根氮浓度也高于对照小区。氮肥对杉木胸高和胸径的生长均无显著影响。与对照区相比，处理区叶片钾、磷浓度随时间的推移呈下降趋势。本研究表明，7年过量施氮对杉木幼树生长没有影响，但改变了杉木幼树枝条和细根的营养状况。
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