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Differentiation of natural indigo and synthetic indigo in dye powders and their dyed products (yarns and fabrics) by static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 利用静态顶空气相色谱-质谱法区分染色粉及其染色产品(纱线和织物)中的天然靛蓝和合成靛蓝
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1108/prt-01-2024-0003
Qiong Wang, Zeng-Lai Xu, Zhihong Cheng

Purpose

The precise and sensitive methods for authentication and differentiation of natural and synthetic indigo dyes are required for assurance of textile safety and public health. This study aims to develop a fast and simple method to distinguish natural indigo from synthetic one.

Design/methodology/approach

A static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for identification of natural and synthetic indigo samples. Natural indigo samples prepared from three different plants and synthetic indigo samples from three famous manufacturers in China, were involved in this study, along with some nonindigo blue samples (such as direct blue, active blue and neutral blue). The yarns and fabrics dyed with natural and synthetic indigo were also analyzed by the GC-MS method.

Findings

High levels of aniline (21.87%–71.59%) or N-methylaniline (25.26%–38.73%) were detected only in synthetic indigo samples (1 g) using the static headspace GC-MS method. The yarns and fabrics dyed with the synthetic indigo were also detected with residual aniline (0.47%–14.86%) or N-methylaniline (6.59%–40.93%).

Originality/value

The results clearly demonstrated that aniline or N-methylaniline can be used a diagnostic marker for distinguishing natural indigo from synthetic indigo. The proposed static headspace GC-MS method is a rapid, simple and convenient approach for differentiation of natural and synthetic indigo, as well as for the yarns and fabrics dyed with synthetic indigo.

目的 为确保纺织品安全和公众健康,需要精确灵敏的方法来鉴定和区分天然靛蓝染料和合成靛蓝染料。本研究旨在开发一种快速简便的方法来鉴别天然靛蓝和合成靛蓝。本研究采用了从三个不同工厂制备的天然靛蓝样品和从中国三家著名生产商制备的合成靛蓝样品,以及一些非靛蓝样品(如直接蓝、活性蓝和中性蓝)。采用静态顶空 GC-MS 方法,仅在合成靛蓝样品(1 克)中检测到高浓度苯胺(21.87%-71.59%)或 N-甲基苯胺(25.26%-38.73%)。结果清楚地表明,苯胺或 N-甲基苯胺可用作区分天然靛蓝和合成靛蓝的诊断标记。所提出的静态顶空气相色谱-质谱法是一种快速、简单、方便的方法,可用于区分天然靛蓝和合成靛蓝以及用合成靛蓝染色的纱线和织物。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the extraction and stability of tea stem pigment 茶梗色素的提取和稳定性研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1108/prt-03-2024-0035
Xuemei Wang, Jixiang He, Yue Ma, Hao Wang, Dehong Ma, Dongdong Zhang, Hudie Zhao

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tannase-assisted extraction of tea stem pigment from waste tea stem, after which the stability of the purified pigment was determined and analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

The extracting process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. Material-liquid ratio, temperature and time were chosen as variables and the absorbance as a response. The stability of the tea stem pigment at the different conditions was tested and analyzed.

Findings

The optimized extraction technology was as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:20 g/ml, temperature 50°C and time 60 min. The stability test results showed that tea stem pigment was sensitive to oxidants, but the reducing agents did not affect it. The tea stem pigment was unstable under strong acid and strong alkali and was most stable at pH 6. The light stability was poor. Tea stem pigment would form flocculent precipitation under the action of Fe2+ or Fe3+ and be relatively stable in Cu2+ and Na2+ solutions. The tea stem pigment was relatively stable at 60°C and below.

Originality/value

No comprehensive and systematic study reports have been conducted on the extraction of pigment from discarded tea stem, and researchers have not used statistical analysis to optimize the process of tannase-assisted tea stem pigment extraction using RSM. Additionally, there is a lack of special reports on the systematic study of the stability of pigment extracted from tea stem.

目的本研究旨在评估鞣酸酶辅助从废弃茶梗中提取茶梗色素的方法,然后测定和分析纯化色素的稳定性。选择料液比、温度和时间作为变量,吸光度作为响应。结果优化后的提取工艺如下:料液比 1:20 g/ml,温度 50°C,时间 60 分钟。稳定性试验结果表明,茶梗色素对氧化剂敏感,但还原剂对其无影响。茶梗色素在强酸和强碱条件下不稳定,在 pH 值为 6 时最稳定。茶梗色素在 Fe2+ 或 Fe3+ 作用下会形成絮状沉淀,在 Cu2+ 和 Na2+ 溶液中相对稳定。原创性/价值 目前还没有关于从废弃茶梗中提取色素的全面系统的研究报告,研究人员也没有使用 RSM 进行统计分析来优化鞣酸酶辅助提取茶梗色素的工艺。此外,还缺乏对从茶梗中提取的色素的稳定性进行系统研究的专题报告。
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引用次数: 0
The multipurpose utilization of inorganic materials in adsorption treatment of wastewater and core-modification of color index pigment red 57:1 无机材料在废水吸附处理中的多用途利用及色指颜料红 57:1 的核心改性
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1108/prt-03-2024-0037
Xuening Fei, Yuanyuan Li, Shuai Li, Lingyun Cao, Dajie Xing, Bingyang Cheng, Meitong Li, Hongbin Zhao

Purpose

This study aims to realize the multipurpose use of inorganic materials in adsorption treatment of pigment wastewater and preparation of core-modified Color Index Pigment Red 57:1 (C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, PR 57:1).

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the inorganic materials (sepiolite and SiO2·nH2O) were used in both PR 57:1 production wastewater treatment and its core-modification. The inorganic material firstly adsorbed 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (bon acid) in the pigment wastewater to reduce chemical oxygen demand. Then, the inorganic material adsorbed with bon acid was reused to prepare core-modified PR 57:1.

Findings

In the pigment wastewater adsorption experiment, it was found that under pH = 3, the adsorption percentage of bon acid by inorganic material can reached up to 46.00%. The pigment characterization results showed that the core-modified PR 57:1 had a core-shell structure. Under UV light irradiation for 1 h, the core-modified PR 57:1 prepared with sepiolite and SiO2·nH2O showed total color difference ΔE value of 1.43 and 2.05, respectively, which was lower than that of unmodified PR 57:1 (ΔE = 2.89). In addition, the transmittance of pigment water suspension test results showed that the core-modified PR 57:1 showed better water dispersibility.

Originality/value

This paper attempts to develop a synergistic strategy based on the multipurpose use of inorganic materials in adsorption treatment of pigment wastewater and preparation of core-modified PR 57:1.

设计/方法/途径 本文将无机材料(sepiolite 和 SiO2-nH2O)用于 PR 57:1 生产废水的处理及其核心改性。无机材料首先吸附颜料废水中的 3-羟基-2-萘酸(盂酸),以降低化学需氧量。结果在颜料废水吸附实验中发现,在 pH = 3 的条件下,无机材料对盂酸的吸附率可达 46.00%。颜料表征结果表明,核改性 PR 57:1 具有核壳结构。在紫外光照射 1 小时后,用海泡石和 SiO2-nH2O 制备的核改性 PR 57:1 的总色差 ΔE 值分别为 1.43 和 2.05,低于未改性 PR 57:1(ΔE = 2.89)。此外,颜料水悬浮液的透光率测试结果表明,核心改性 PR 57:1 具有更好的水分散性。 原创性/价值 本文尝试在无机材料吸附处理颜料废水和制备核心改性 PR 57:1 多用途的基础上,开发一种协同策略。
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引用次数: 0
Captivating coloring and antimicrobial properties of tea leaf and eucalyptus bark on jute–cotton union fabric 茶叶和桉树皮在黄麻-棉结合织物上的迷人色彩和抗菌特性
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1108/prt-06-2023-0051
Md. Raijul Islam, Rois Uddin Mahmud, M. Abdul Jalil, Muhammad Nurul Huda

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the repercussions of eucalyptus bark and tea leaf extract as natural dyes and antibacterial agents for jute–cotton union fabric.

Design/methodology/approach

The dye was collected from the eucalyptus tree’s bark and tea leaves by the aqueous extraction method. The fabric was dyed with potassium alum mordant, using pre-mordanting, post-mordanting and meta-mordanting methods. Examine the color performance analyzed the K/S, L*, a*, b*; fastness to washing using standard test method ISO 105 C06 A2S, rubbing fastness was performed by Crock meter using AATCC 115. The dyed fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared radiation for the existence of various functional groups. Also, antimicrobial activity testing was done by the agar diffusion method (AATCC method SN 195 920) where Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used.

Findings

The extracted dye tea leaves meta-mordant dyed samples were determined to have the strongest relative color. Fabrics pre-mordanted and post-mordanted with extracted eucalyptus and extracted tea dye produced the same outcome, which was excellent for wash fastness to staining and very good for wash fastness to fading. For both eucalyptus bark and tea, rubbing fastness on the pre-mordanted fabric produced very positive results. In mordanted colored fabric, significant antibacterial activity was discovered against S. aureus and E. coli.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates that the eucalyptus bark and tea leaves extract encompasses a solid antimicrobial action with amazing coloring execution for jute–cotton union fabric.

本研究的目的是评估桉树树皮和茶叶提取物作为天然染料和抗菌剂对黄麻-棉结合织物的影响。织物用钾矾媒染剂染色,采用前媒染、后媒染和元媒染方法。通过 K/S、L*、a*、b* 对染色性能进行分析;通过标准测试方法 ISO 105 C06 A2S 对耐洗牢度进行分析;通过 AATCC 115 用克罗克测试仪对摩擦牢度进行分析。染色织物采用傅立叶变换红外线辐射进行表征,以确定是否存在各种官能团。此外,还采用琼脂扩散法(AATCC 方法 SN 195 920)对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行了抗菌活性测试。用萃取桉树树皮染料和萃取茶叶染料预搀和和后搀和的织物具有相同的染色效果,耐洗色牢度极佳,耐洗褪色牢度非常好。对于桉树皮和茶叶,预染色织物的耐摩擦色牢度都非常好。这项研究表明,桉树皮和茶叶提取物具有很强的抗菌作用,对黄麻-棉结合织物的着色效果也很好。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of using amine and acetylamine functional units on naphthalimide dyes for photovoltaic devices 将胺和乙酰胺功能单元用于萘二甲酰亚胺染料光电设备的研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1108/prt-03-2024-0030
Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad, Sohrab Nasiri, Venkatramaiah Nutalapati, Kamaladin Gharanjig, Amirmasoud Arabi

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce four new organic dyes based on naphthalimide for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

Design/methodology/approach

Four new dyes based on naphthalimide with substitutions of amine and acetylamine in position C4 were designed in conjugation with substituted carbazole as donor–acceptor (D-A) architecture. The absorption and emission characteristics of the prepared dyes were evaluated in H2O, DMF and their mixture (DMF:H2O = 1:1). The feasibility of electron transfer in the DSSCs structure and energy levels were evaluated using electrochemical and density functional theory, which confirm the use of dyes in the DSSCs structure. The DSSCs were prepared using an individual strategy and their optical properties were investigated under the light of AM 1.5.

Findings

The prepared dyes exhibit orange color with strong emission at λem = 530–570 nm due to charge transfer with a positive solvatochromic effect. The efficiency of DSSCs based on Dye1-4 1 is: 3.69%, 3.71%, 4.69% and 4.76%. Therefore, the power efficiency increases by about 29 % in the presence of acetylamine group.

Practical implications

The design of new structures of organic dyes should be accompanied by the development of optical and electrical properties. In other words, in addition to the continuous production of electrons, efficient dyes must also be resistant to light to increase the life of the device.

Social implications

Organic dyes play a key role in the production of electrons in the DSSCs structure. The engineering of these structures and the introduction of widely used but low cost types can play an important role in the development of clean energy production.

Originality/value

The application of organic dyes based on naphthalimide was evaluated in the DSSCs structure and its photovoltaic properties were investigated.

本文旨在介绍四种基于萘二甲酰亚胺的新型有机染料,用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)。设计/方法/途径设计了四种基于萘二甲酰亚胺的新型染料,在 C4 位取代了胺和乙酰胺,与取代的咔唑共轭,作为供体-受体(D-A)结构。在 H2O、DMF 和它们的混合物(DMF:H2O = 1:1)中对所制备染料的吸收和发射特性进行了评估。利用电化学和密度泛函理论对 DSSC 结构中电子转移的可行性和能级进行了评估,结果证实了染料在 DSSC 结构中的应用。研究结果所制备的染料呈现出橙色,在 λem = 530-570 nm 处由于电荷转移产生强发射,并具有正溶解变色效应。基于染料 1-4 1 的 DSSC 的效率分别为 3.69%、3.71%、3.69%、3.71%:3.69%、3.71%、4.69% 和 4.76%。因此,在乙酰胺基团存在的情况下,功率效率提高了约 29%。社会意义有机染料在 DSSC 结构中产生电子方面发挥着关键作用。对这些结构进行工程设计,并引入广泛使用但成本较低的类型,可在清洁能源生产的发展中发挥重要作用。原创性/价值评估了基于萘二甲酰亚胺的有机染料在 DSSCs 结构中的应用,并研究了其光伏特性。
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引用次数: 0
A facile approach for fabrication functional finishing and coloring cotton fabrics with haematoxylum campechianum L. Bark 一种利用haematoxylum campechianum L.树皮对棉织物进行功能性整理和着色的简便方法
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1108/prt-02-2024-0015
Manal El-Zawahry, Hager Gamal

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the aqueous extraction of natural dye from haematoxylum campechianum L. bark for finishing the bio-mordant cotton fabrics producing value-added, environment-friendly textile products, for biomedical applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The study focuses on the creation of eco-friendly bio-mordant cotton fabric using gallic acid and gelatin, Al3+ and Fe2+ salts and metal mordant. The optimal pH for extraction, structural characterization and phytochemical analysis of the extracted dye were estimated using UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR and qualitative analysis. Variations in electrolyte concentration and pH medium were also considered. The study also examines build-up properties, colorimetric values and fastness characteristics of the colored fabrics.

Findings

All the dyed fabrics exhibit very good to excellent in terms of antimicrobial resistance against S. aureus and C. allbicans.

Practical implications

Pre-mordant cotton fabrics with Fe2+ and a combination of metal and bio-mordant show higher antibacterial resistance against P. aerugionsa. Further, bio-mordant and a combination of both mordant exhibit excellent UV protection and antioxidant activity performance compared to that of undyed fabrics.

Originality/value

This work opens up a huge potential for producing healthy bioactive-colored fabrics used in medical textiles and other usages.

设计/方法/途径 该研究的重点是使用没食子酸和明胶、Al3+ 和 Fe2+ 盐以及金属媒染剂制作生态友好型生物媒染棉织物。使用紫外-可见分光光度计、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和定性分析估算了萃取的最佳 pH 值、萃取染料的结构特征和植物化学分析。还考虑了电解质浓度和 pH 介质的变化。研究结果所有染色织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的抗菌性都非常好,甚至非常出色。此外,与未染色织物相比,生物媒染剂和两种媒染剂的组合具有出色的防紫外线和抗氧化性能。
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引用次数: 0
Performance enhancement of reactive foam dyeing for cotton fabric through different foaming agents and stabilizers 通过不同的发泡剂和稳定剂提高棉织物活性泡沫染色的性能
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1108/prt-11-2023-0107
Nadeem Afraz, Shaheen Sardar, Muhammad Mohsin, Mumtaz Hasan Malik, Khurram Shehzad Akhtar, Muhammad Ilyas Tariq

Purpose

In the textile dyeing industry, the foam dyeing has been recognized as a significantly sustainable alternative for the cotton fabrics. However, this efficient technology undergoes the many issues related to the foam generation, foam optimization and the required performance of the resultant fabrics. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues through the development and optimization of the novel reactive foam dyeing recipes for the cotton fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach

The foam dyeing recipes were generated and optimized using the different stabilizers, foaming agents and three primary colors of reactive dyes. The different recipes were applied onto the cotton fabric using laboratory scale foam coating machine. The performance of the foam coated and padded fabrics was evaluated using different criteria including the shade depth, rubbing fastness, air permeability, washing fastness, perspiration fastness, light fastness and tear strength. Then, a complex decision-making approach, namely, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), was applied for the ranking of the key recipes based on the main criteria.

Findings

The newly optimized foam dyeing recipes were found very competitive with the conventional pad dyeing process with respect to the shade-depth and the other performance properties. The optimization of foaming parameters and addition of stabilizers have advanced the foam dyeing process, which would accelerate the implementation of foam dyeing methods in the textile industry. Furthermore, significant water and energy savings would be achieved as compared to the conventional foam dyeing. AHP model offered a comprehensive and rational way to identify the most important recipes amongst the selected recipes.

Originality/value

In this research, novel foam dyeing recipes have been developed for the cotton fabrics through the optimization of the different stabilizers, foaming agents and the three primary colors of reactive dyes. Until now, the exiting literature has not reported the combination of these stabilizers with the different foaming agents and three primary reactive dyes for the improvement of sustainable foam cotton dyeing process.

目的 在纺织品染色工业中,泡沫染色被认为是棉织物的一种重要的可持续替代技术。然而,这一高效技术在泡沫生成、泡沫优化和最终织物的性能要求等方面存在诸多问题。本文旨在通过开发和优化棉织物的新型活性泡沫染色配方来解决这些问题。使用实验室规模的泡沫涂布机将不同配方涂布到棉织物上。使用不同的标准对泡沫涂层和填充织物的性能进行了评估,包括色深、摩擦牢度、透气性、耐洗牢度、耐汗渍牢度、耐光牢度和撕裂强度。结果发现,新优化的泡沫染色配方与传统的轧染工艺相比,在色深和其他性能方面都具有很强的竞争力。发泡参数的优化和稳定剂的添加推进了泡沫染色工艺,这将加速泡沫染色方法在纺织工业中的应用。此外,与传统的泡沫染色相比,还能大大节约用水和能源。在这项研究中,通过优化不同的稳定剂、发泡剂和三原色活性染料,为棉织物开发了新的泡沫染色配方。迄今为止,现有文献尚未报道如何将这些稳定剂与不同的发泡剂和三种原色活性染料结合起来,以改进可持续的泡沫棉染色工艺。
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引用次数: 0
Properties and characterization of cross-linked VAc-VeoVa10 latex emulsified with reactive surfactants 用反应性表面活性剂乳化的交联 VAc-VeoVa10 胶乳的性能和表征
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1108/prt-03-2024-0029
Lijun Chen, Wanting Zhao, Zheqing Gong

Purpose

The traditional vinyl ester of neodecanoic acid-vinyl acetate (VeoVa10-VAc) copolymer latex is a linear structure with poor film formation, thus causing solvent resistance and wear resistance of the latex film to be poor. This study aims to investigate the use of cross-linkers in emulsion polymerization to modify the latex. During the course of film formation, the reactive functional groups react to form cross-linkage. The network structure can effectively improve the compactness of the resin, thereby greatly improving the water resistance, solvent resistance and heat resistance of the resultant film. In addition, the reactive emulsifier is used to replace the conventional emulsifier. Thus, the drawbacks of the conventional emulsifier molecules migrate and desorb can be avoided when the polymer latex is stored.

Design/methodology/approach

The cross-linked VAc-VeoVa10 latex has been synthesized with the reactive surfactants, in which VAc and VeoVa10 are used as the main monomers and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used as the cross-linked monomer. Potassium persulfate (KPS) and mixed surfactants of alkyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate (JS-20) and allyl nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (ANPEO-10) were used as the initiator and emulsifier, respectively. The structure of resultant latex film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The latex films were tested by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and contact angle (CA). The particle size and its distribution of the latex were measured by the nano particle size analyzer.

Findings

The factors that had an influence on the properties of the latex and the film were investigated in detail. The stability of the resultant latex is good. The average particles of the latex and its distribution are small and uniform, respectively. In comparison with the conventional latex film, the thermal stability and hydrophobicity of the resultant latex film are improved obviously.

Practical implications

The resultant latex can be used in both the waterborne interior and exterior wall coatings, pickering stabilized waterborne polymer dispersions, polymer powders, environmentally friendly polymer-modified waterproof mortar and other fields, which can be satisfied with the high demand of thermal stability and hydrophobicity.

Originality/value

The modification of poly (VAc-VeoVa10) by reactive emulsifier and cross-linker is seldom reported. In this study, the cross-linked poly (VAC-VeoVa) latex is prepared through the reactive surfactants, with VAc and VeoVa10 used as the main monomers and EGDMA used as the cross-linked monomer. KPS and mixed surfactants of JS-20 and ANPEO-10 are used as the initiator and emulsifier, respectively.

目的 传统的新癸酸乙烯酯-醋酸乙烯酯(VeoVa10-VAc)共聚物胶乳为线性结构,成膜性差,导致胶乳膜的耐溶剂性和耐磨性较差。本研究旨在研究在乳液聚合过程中使用交联剂对胶乳进行改性。在成膜过程中,活性官能团会发生反应形成交联。这种网络结构可有效提高树脂的致密性,从而大大提高成膜的耐水性、耐溶剂性和耐热性。此外,活性乳化剂还可用于替代传统乳化剂。设计/方法/途径 使用反应型表面活性剂合成了交联 VAc-VeoVa10 胶乳,其中 VAc 和 VeoVa10 为主要单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯 (EGDMA) 为交联单体。过硫酸钾(KPS)和烷基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵(JS-20)与烯丙基壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(ANPEO-10)混合表面活性剂分别用作引发剂和乳化剂。傅里叶变换红外光谱法对所得胶乳薄膜的结构进行了表征。通过热重分析、差示扫描量热法和接触角(CA)对胶乳薄膜进行了测试。研究结果详细调查了影响胶乳和薄膜特性的因素。所得胶乳的稳定性良好。胶乳的平均颗粒及其分布分别较小和均匀。实用意义所得胶乳可用于水性内外墙涂料、酸洗稳定水性聚合物分散体、聚合物粉末、环保型聚合物改性防水砂浆等领域,可满足对热稳定性和憎水性的高要求。本研究以 VAc 和 VeoVa10 为主单体,以 EGDMA 为交联单体,通过反应型表面活性剂制备交联聚(VAC-VeoVa)胶乳。KPS 以及 JS-20 和 ANPEO-10 混合表面活性剂分别用作引发剂和乳化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Multilayer polyester tire cord fabrics reinforced gamma irradiated SBR/devulcanized waste rubber: impact of fabric layers and devulcanization methods 多层聚酯轮胎帘子布增强伽马辐照丁苯橡胶/脱硫废橡胶:织物层和脱硫方法的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1108/prt-01-2024-0002
Heba Raslan, Khaled El-Nemr, Magdy Ali, Medhat Hassan

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influences of polyester fabric layers on the mechanical properties of SBR and devulcanized waste rubber composite materials, as well as the effect of gamma irradiation dose.

Design/methodology/approach

The devulcanized waste rubbers (DWR) were carried out by different methods. First, chemically, by two different reclaiming agents such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and 2-mercapto benzothiazole disulfide (MBTS). Secondary by a physical method like microwave (MW). The devulcanized rubbers were mixed with virgin styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in different ratios, as follows: SBR-DWR (TMTD) 50 / 50, SBR-DWR (MBTS) 80 / 20 and SBR-DWR (MW) 80 / 20. A series of sandwich polyester tire cord fabrics were used as reinforcement for making SBR and devulcanized waste rubber composite materials and molded on a hot press into rubber sheet films, then subjected to gamma radiation at different doses ranging from 100 up to 200 kGy.

Findings

The experimental results indicate that increasing the layer number improves the mechanical properties of composites. The tensile strength, tearing, hardness and elastic modulus of the rubber composites increased with the rise of the fiber layers and by increasing the irradiation dose up to 200 kGy. The reclaiming agent TMTD gave the best results for mechanical properties, followed by MW and then MBTS.

Originality/value

This phenomenon can be detailed based on the fact that when the fiber-reinforced composites are subjected to loading, the fibers act as load carriers, depending on the population and orientation of the fibers. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that adhesion was caused by tire cord fabrics and rubber blend matrix.

目的 本研究旨在探讨聚酯织物层对丁苯橡胶和脱硫化废橡胶复合材料机械性能的影响,以及伽马辐照剂量的影响。首先是化学方法,使用两种不同的再生剂,如二硫化四甲基秋兰姆(TMTD)和二硫化2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBTS)。通过微波(MW)等物理方法进行二次处理。将脱硫化橡胶与原丁苯橡胶(SBR)按不同比例混合,具体比例如下:SBR-DWR(TMTD)50/50、SBR-DWR(MBTS)80/20 和 SBR-DWR(MW)80/20。实验结果表明,增加层数可提高复合材料的机械性能。橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、硬度和弹性模量随着纤维层数的增加和辐照剂量的增加而提高,最高可达 200 kGy。再生剂 TMTD 的机械性能最好,其次是 MW,再次是 MBTS。此外,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示,轮胎帘子线织物和橡胶混合基质造成了粘附。
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引用次数: 0
P(St-BA-MAA)@P GA-Fe3+ photonic crystal composite inks for the construction of noniridescent structured colors on fabric substrates P(St-BA-MAA)@P GA-Fe3+ 光子晶体复合油墨用于在织物基底上构建非虹彩结构色
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1108/prt-03-2024-0024
Zhichuang Qi, Jingshan Chen, Zhangmi Huang, Chunyan Hu, Baojiang Liu

Purpose

This paper aims to prepare Poly(Styrene-Butyl acrylate-Methacrylic acid) @Poly Gallic acid-Fe3+ photonic crystal composite inks [P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI, @ means the PGA-Fe3+ is loaded on the microspheres] and construct noniridescent structural colors on fabric substrates, with the goal of improving the visibility of structural colors.

Design/methodology/approach

P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI were prepared by coating P(St-BA-MAA) microspheres with a metal-polyphenol network formed by gallic acid (GA, C7H6O5) and Fe3+. The assembly effects of the inks were explored under different conditions, including pH, temperature, concentration and surface tension. The optimal self-assembly conditions of the inks were determined using the controlled variable method.

Findings

The results demonstrated the successful preparation of P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI. The metal polyphenol network film composed of GA and Fe3+ was successfully coated on the surface of P(St-BA-MAA) seed microspheres. The assembly mechanism of the inks was investigated, indicating that at a diethylene glycol (DEG, C4H10O3) concentration of 0.3 wt% and pH of 7, bright noniridescent structural colors could be formed on fabric surfaces after self-assembly by PCCI at 60 °C for 10 min. Furthermore, the mechanical fastness of the structural colors was enhanced due to the adherence of the soft shell composed of P(St-BA-MAA) and GA.

Originality/value

Utilizing a cost-effective approach and a diverse array of readily available raw materials, we have successfully prepared P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI, which boasts superior performance and offers fabrics a range of unique coloring styles. This innovation paves the way for potential applications of structural colors in practical production, thereby broadening their realm of utility.

目的 本文旨在制备聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸)@聚没食子酸-Fe3+光子晶体复合油墨[P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI,@表示微球上负载了 PGA-Fe3+],并在织物基底上构建非彩虹色结构色,以提高结构色的可视性。设计/方法/途径通过在 P(St-BA-MAA)微球上涂覆由没食子酸(GA,C7H6O5)和 Fe3+ 形成的金属多酚网络,制备了 P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI。在 pH 值、温度、浓度和表面张力等不同条件下探索了油墨的组装效果。结果表明,P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI 的制备获得成功。在 P(St-BA-MAA)种子微球表面成功包覆了由 GA 和 Fe3+ 组成的金属多酚网络膜。研究表明,在二甘醇(DEG,C4H10O3)浓度为 0.3 wt%、pH 值为 7 的条件下,PCCI 在 60 °C 下自组装 10 分钟后,可在织物表面形成明亮的非彩虹色结构。此外,由于由 P(St-BA-MAA)和 GA 组成的软壳的附着力,结构色的机械牢度也得到了提高。原创性/价值利用具有成本效益的方法和各种现成的原材料,我们成功制备出了 P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe3+ PCCI,它性能优越,可为织物提供一系列独特的着色风格。这项创新为结构色在实际生产中的潜在应用铺平了道路,从而拓宽了其应用领域。
{"title":"P(St-BA-MAA)@P GA-Fe3+ photonic crystal composite inks for the construction of noniridescent structured colors on fabric substrates","authors":"Zhichuang Qi, Jingshan Chen, Zhangmi Huang, Chunyan Hu, Baojiang Liu","doi":"10.1108/prt-03-2024-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2024-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to prepare Poly(Styrene-Butyl acrylate-Methacrylic acid) @Poly Gallic acid-Fe<sup>3+</sup> photonic crystal composite inks [P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe<sup>3+</sup> PCCI, @ means the PGA-Fe<sup>3+</sup> is loaded on the microspheres] and construct noniridescent structural colors on fabric substrates, with the goal of improving the visibility of structural colors.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe<sup>3+</sup> PCCI were prepared by coating P(St-BA-MAA) microspheres with a metal-polyphenol network formed by gallic acid (GA, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) and Fe<sup>3+</sup>. The assembly effects of the inks were explored under different conditions, including pH, temperature, concentration and surface tension. The optimal self-assembly conditions of the inks were determined using the controlled variable method.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results demonstrated the successful preparation of P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe<sup>3+</sup> PCCI. The metal polyphenol network film composed of GA and Fe<sup>3+</sup> was successfully coated on the surface of P(St-BA-MAA) seed microspheres. The assembly mechanism of the inks was investigated, indicating that at a diethylene glycol (DEG, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) concentration of 0.3 wt% and pH of 7, bright noniridescent structural colors could be formed on fabric surfaces after self-assembly by PCCI at 60 °C for 10 min. Furthermore, the mechanical fastness of the structural colors was enhanced due to the adherence of the soft shell composed of P(St-BA-MAA) and GA.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Utilizing a cost-effective approach and a diverse array of readily available raw materials, we have successfully prepared P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe<sup>3+</sup> PCCI, which boasts superior performance and offers fabrics a range of unique coloring styles. This innovation paves the way for potential applications of structural colors in practical production, thereby broadening their realm of utility.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Pigment & Resin Technology
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